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...Baby One More Time
1998 single by Britney Spears

"...Baby One More Time", the debut single by Britney Spears from her 1999 debut album, was written by Max Martin and produced alongside Rami Yacoub. Released by Jive Records in 1998, it topped charts worldwide and earned multiple certifications from the RIAA and BPI. The teen pop and dance-pop hit, one of the best-selling singles of all time, was accompanied by a memorable music video directed by Nigel Dick. Celebrated by Rolling Stone as the greatest debut single ever, it remains iconic through live performances and accolades including a Grammy nomination and ranking in Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.

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Background

In June 1997, Britney Spears was in talks with manager Lou Pearlman to join female pop group Innosense.2 Her mother Lynne Spears asked family friend and entertainment lawyer Larry Rudolph for his opinion and submitted a tape of Spears singing over a Whitney Houston karaoke song along with some pictures.3 Rudolph decided he wanted to pitch her to record labels, therefore she needed a professional demo.4 He sent Spears an unused song from Toni Braxton; she rehearsed for a week and recorded her vocals in a studio with a sound engineer.5 Spears traveled to New York with the demo and met with executives from four labels, returning to her hometown of Kentwood, Louisiana the same day.6 Three of the labels rejected her, arguing audiences wanted pop bands such as the Backstreet Boys and the Spice Girls, and "there wasn't going to be another Madonna, another Debbie Gibson, or another Tiffany."7 Two weeks later, executives from Jive Records returned calls to Rudolph.8 Senior vice president of A&R Jeff Fenster stated about Spears's audition that "It's very rare to hear someone that age who can deliver emotional content and commercial appeal. [...] For any artist, the motivation—the 'eye of the tiger'—is extremely important. And Britney had that."9 They appointed her to work with producer Eric Foster White for a month, who reportedly shaped her voice from "lower and less poppy" delivery to "distinctively, unmistakably Britney."10 After hearing the recorded material, president Clive Calder ordered a full album.11 Spears had originally envisioned "Sheryl Crow music, but younger more adult contemporary" but felt all right with her label's appointment of producers, since "It made more sense to go pop, because I can dance to it—it's more me."12

I had been in studio for about six months listening and recording material, but I hadn't really heard a hit yet. When I started working with Max Martin in Sweden, he played the demo for 'Baby One More Time' for me, and I knew from the start it [was one] of those songs you want to hear again and again. It just felt really right. I went into the studio and did my own thing with it, trying to give it a little more attitude than the demo. In 10 days, I never even saw Sweden. We were so busy.

— Britney Spears, talking to Chuck Taylor, Billboard13

Fenster asked producer Max Martin to meet Spears in New York, after which he returned to Sweden to write her a handful of songs with long-term collaborator Denniz Pop. Pop was ill, so Martin asked producer Rami Yacoub to help. When six songs were ready, Spears flew to Cheiron Studios in Stockholm, Sweden, where half of the album was recorded in May 1998,14 nominally produced by Martin, Pop and Yacoub.151617 Pop, however, was too ill to attend any of the recording sessions, and Spears never met him. In his place, Martin was the acting producer.18

Martin showed Spears and her management a track titled "Hit Me Baby One More Time", which was originally written for American boy band Backstreet Boys and the R&B girl group TLC, but they both rejected it. The label thought the song would work for the English group Five, but they also passed on it.19 Spears later said that she felt excited when she heard it and knew it was going to be a hit record. Jive A&R man Steve Lunt recalled, "We at Jive said, 'This is a fuckin' smash'";20 but other executives were concerned that the line "Hit Me" would condone domestic violence. The title was revised to "...Baby One More Time".21

Spears recorded her vocals for the song in May 1998 at Cheiron Studios.22 She stayed up late the night before listening to Soft Cell's "Tainted Love" ("What a sexy song") to get the growl she wanted: "I wanted my voice to be kind of rusty."23 Spears revealed that she "didn't do well at all the first day in the studio [recording the song], I was just too nervous. So I went out that night and had some fun. The next day I was completely relaxed and nailed it. You gotta be relaxed singing '... Baby One More Time'."24 The song was produced by Martin and Rami, and was also mixed by Martin at Cheiron Studios.25 Thomas Lindberg played the guitar, while Johan Carlberg played the bass guitar.26 Background vocals were provided by Spears, Martin and Nana Hedin.27 Denniz Pop was credited as producer even though he was not present for the recording or mixing.28 Spears also recorded a track called "Autumn Goodbye", written and produced by Eric Foster White, that was released as a B-side to "...Baby One More Time".29 "Autumn Goodbye" was recorded in 1998 at 4MW East Studios in New Jersey.30

"...Baby One More Time" was released by Jive as Spears's debut single on October 23, 1998, when she was only 16 years old.31 Spears said "...Baby One More Time" was one of her favorite songs in her entire catalog,32 naming "Toxic" and "He About to Lose Me" as the other two.33

Music and lyrics

"...Baby One More Time" is a teen pop and dance-pop song34 that lasts for three minutes and thirty seconds. The song is composed in the key of C minor and is set in the time signature of 4/4 common time with a moderate tempo of 93 beats per minute. Songwriting and production is largely based on previous Cheiron productions, most notably Robyn's "Show Me Love", which shows similar song scheme, drum patterns, wah guitars and piano hits. Spears's vocal range spans over one octave from E♭3 to C5.3536 The song begins with a three-note motif in the bass range of the piano, an opening that has been compared to many other songs, such as "We Will Rock You" (1977), "Start Me Up" (1981), and the theme song of the 1975 film Jaws due to the fact the track "makes its presence known in exactly one second".37 According to magazine Blender, "...Baby One More Time" is composed by "wah-wah guitar lines and EKG-machine bass-slaps".38

Claudia Mitchell and Jacqueline Reid-Walsh, authors of Girl Culture: Studying girl culture: a readers' guide (2008), noted the lyrics of the song "gesture toward [Spears] longing for the return of an ex-boyfriend."39 Spears said "...Baby One More Time" is a song "every girl can relate to. She regrets it. She wants him back."40 The lyrics, however, caused controversy in the United States, because the line "Hit me baby one more time" supposedly has sadomasochistic connotations.41 As a response, the singer said the line "doesn't mean physically hit me. [...] It means just give me a sign, basically. I think it's kind of funny that people would actually think that's what it meant."42 Music journalist John Seabrook has said "Everybody thought it was some sort of weird allusion to domestic violence or something. But what it really was, was the Swedes using English not exactly correctly. What they really wanted to say was, "hit me up on the phone one more time" or something. But at that point, Max's English wasn't that great. So it came out sounding a little bit weird in English."43

Critical reception

Marc Oxoby, author of The 1990s (2003), noted the song "was derided as vapid by some critics, yet tapped into the same kind of audience to whom the Spice Girls music appealed, young teens and pre-teens."44 Amanda Murray of Sputnikmusic commented, "[" ... Baby One More Time" is] well-composed, tightly arranged, and even with Spears' vocal limitations it goes straight for the proverbial pop jugular."45 She also said that the song was a highlight in the pop music genre and added, "There is little doubt that '...Baby One More Time' will be long remembered as one of the cornerstones of pop music in general, and it is a strong front-runner as the prototype for the late 90s pop resurgence."46 Bill Lamb of About.com considered "...Baby One More Time" as Spears's best song, saying, "the song is full of hooks and a big mainstream pop sound. The accompanying schoolgirl video caused a sensation, and, when the single hit No. 1, Britney was assured of stardom."47 In a list compiled by Sara Anderson of AOL Radio, "...Baby One More Time" was ranked sixth in a list of Spears's best songs. She noted the singer "somehow made the school girl outfit and pink pom-pom hair-ties trendy again, worn by every tween in the succeeding years."48

Larry Flick of Billboard wrote, "Produced by famed Euro-popsters Max Martin and Eric Foster, "Baby, One More Time" chugs with an insinuating faux-funk beat and super-shiny synths. Spears has a charming kewpie-doll voice that has a soulful quality that leaves the listener intrigued and wondering where she'll go with time and experience."49 Beth Johnson of Entertainment Weekly called it a "candy-pop-with-a-funky-edge smash",50 while Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic said the song was "ingenious",51 Brian Raftery of Blender called it "a perfectly fine, slickly conceived pop tune. [..] At the time, teen-pop was still a boys' club, but while the guys were crooning about crushes, Spears was already planning the sleep-over party".52 In 2009, Jody Rosen of Rolling Stone called it "some of the best radio pop of the past decade-plus".53 NME considered "...Baby One More Time" "incredible",54 commenting that "it's a symphony of teenage lust as fully realised as anything Brian Wilson ever wrote—a truly grand pop song that overwhelms any lingering undercurrent of Lolita paedo-creepiness through the sheer fanatical earnestness of its delivery."55 "...Baby One More Time" won a Teen Choice Award for Single of the Year at the 1999 Teen Choice Awards and an MTV Europe Music Award for Best Song at the 1999 MTV Europe Music Awards.56

Commercial performance

The song was officially sent to contemporary hit and rhythmic contemporary radio on September 29, 1998.57 On November 21, 1998, "...Baby One More Time" debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 at number 17 and topped the chart two and a half months later for two consecutive weeks, replacing R&B singer Brandy's "Have You Ever?".58 Simultaneously, it climbed to number one on the Canadian Singles Chart.59 The song reached the top spot of the Hot 100 Singles Sales and stayed there for four consecutive weeks.6061 This eventually propelled the single to a platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America.62 Though not as strong as its sales tallies, "...Baby One More Time" also experienced considerable airplay, becoming her first top ten hit on the Hot 100 Airplay, peaking at number eight.63 The single also became an all-around hit on Top 40 radio, going top ten on both the Top 40 Tracks and Rhythmic Top 40, and to number one for five weeks on the Mainstream Top 40.64 It spent 32 weeks on the Hot 100 and ended up at number five on Billboard's year-end chart.6566 As of June 2012, "...Baby One More Time" has sold 1,412,000 physical singles, with 511,000 paid digital downloads in the United States.67 It is Spears's best-selling physical single in the country.68 "...Baby One More Time" debuted on January 31, 1999, at number 20 on the Australian Singles Chart,69 a month later reached number one and stayed there for nine consecutive weeks.70 The song eventually became the second highest-selling single of the year,7172 only behind Lou Bega's "Mambo No. 5",7374 and was certified three-times platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association for selling over 210,000 copies.7576 In New Zealand, the single spent four non-consecutive weeks at the top of the charts and after shipping over 15,000 units to retailers the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand certified it platinum.7778

The track reached the top spot in the majority of countries in which it charted.79 "...Baby One More Time" spent two consecutive weeks at number-one on the French Singles Chart and was certified platinum by the Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique after selling over 500,000 units in the country.8081 Additionally, the song topped the German Singles Chart for six consecutive weeks and sold over 750,000 copies, resulting in a three-times gold certification by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry.82 In the United Kingdom, according to Jive Records, "...Baby One More Time" sold more than 250,000 copies in a mere three days after its February 1999 release.83 Spears broke a first-week sales record for a female act in the UK at the time when "...Baby One More Time" sold a total of 460,000 copies.84 Eventually, the British Phonographic Industry certified it two-times platinum on March 26, 1999.85 The single went on to sell over 1,445,000 units by the end of 1999,86 making it the highest-selling single of that year and the 8th biggest song of the 1990s. As of 2018, it is the 32nd best-seller of all time in the UK.87 The song has sold two million units in the country as of August 2022.88 Additionally, "...Baby One More Time" is the fifth best-selling single by a female artist in the country, behind Cher's "Believe", Whitney Houston's "I Will Always Love You", Adele's "Someone like You" and Céline Dion's "My Heart Will Go On".89 "...Baby One More Time" is one of the best-selling singles of all time, with over 10 million copies sold worldwide.90 As of May 2020, "...Baby One More Time" has generated over 285 million streams in the US.91

Music video

Background

The music video was directed by Nigel Dick.92 After being chosen, Dick received criticism from his colleagues about wanting to work with Spears. He responded saying, "It's a great song. I don't know anything about Britney. I never watched The Mickey Mouse Club. She seems like a great kid and she's very enthusiastic, but I just love the song. It's just a great song".93 The video's original setup was very different from what eventually became the final product. The plan was to have the video in a cartoon-like environment, a likely attempt to attract an audience of younger children.94 Spears was unhappy with this, and argued that she wanted her video to reflect the lives of her fans and wanted to set the video in a school.9596 Spears pitched this idea to Dick, and explained she wanted the video to have dance scenes. The original setting was scrapped and replaced with Spears' concept.97 Dick's first idea for the wardrobe was jeans and a T-shirt, but during the wardrobe fitting Spears asked for a schoolgirl outfit. Dick said that "Every piece of wardrobe in the video came from Kmart, and I was told at the time not one piece of clothing in the video cost more than $17. On that level, it's real. That probably, in retrospect, is a part of its charm."98 The knotted shirt was Spears' idea, she recollects saying, "The outfits looked kind of dorky, so I was like, 'Let's tie up our shirts and be cute'".99 About the experience of shooting her first music video, Spears said, "It was a wonderful experience. All these people there, working for you. I had my own trailer. It was an amazing experience".100 The music video was shot on August 7 and 8, 1998, at Venice High School, the same school used to shoot the 1978 film Grease.101102 The video premiered on MTV and other video stations on November 26, 1998.103104

Synopsis

The video begins with Spears appearing bored in class at high school.105 Her assistant Felicia Culotta played the role of Spears's teacher.106 When the bell rings, Spears runs out into the hall and begins a choreographed dance in the corridor. After this, Spears is outside, now adorned in a pink athletic outfit, and seen in a car. Along with a couple of other students, she performs a number of gymnastic moves before heading back inside. She is then sitting on the bleachers in the gymnasium watching a basketball game, and she dances in the gymnasium. Her love interest is revealed sitting close to her, played by her real-life cousin Chad.107

Reception

The schoolgirl outfit is considered to be one of Spears's most iconic looks as well as amongst the hallmarks of pop culture. It is on display at the Hard Rock Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada.108 The ensemble caused controversy among parents associations for showing the midriff of a sixteen-year-old.109 Spears faced the criticism saying, "Me showing my belly? I'm from the South; you're stupid if you don't wear a sports bra [when you] go to dance class, you're going to be sweating your butt off."110 In 1999, "...Baby One More Time" earned Spears her first three MTV Video Music Award nominations,111 in the categories of Best Pop Video,112 Best Choreography,113 and Best Female Video at the 1999 MTV Video Music Awards.114 In a list compiled by VH1 in 2001, it was listed at number ninety in the best videos of all time.115 The video was the first of fourteen of her videos to retire on MTV's television series Total Request Live (TRL). On its final episode, a three-hour special aired on November 16, 2008,116 "...Baby One More Time" was number one in their final countdown as the most iconic music video of all time and was the last video to be played on the show.117 Wesley Yang in his essay "Inside the Box" in n+1, compared the music video to Britny Fox's "Girlschool" because it featured "a classroom full of Catholic schoolgirls gyrating to the beat in defiance of a stern teacher. [..] But that was a sexist video by a horrible hair metal band that exploited women. Britney Spears was something else—an inflection point in the culture".118 The music video is also referenced in the video for Spears' 2009 single, "If U Seek Amy".119 After Spears comes out of her house dressed as a housewife,120 her daughter is dressed with a similar schoolgirl outfit while wearing pink ribbons in her hair.121 The video was ranked at number four on a list of the ten most controversial music videos in pop by AOL on September 29, 2011.122 Rolling Stone placed "...Baby One More Time" at number 30 on its list of 100 greatest music videos of all time.123

Live performances

The first live performance of the song was at the Singapore Jazz Festival in Singapore on May 16, 1998. That day, Spears also performed the song "Sometimes" for the first time. Spears performed "...Baby One More Time" on several occasions. She performed the song on July 6, 1999, during her appearance in Bethel, New York at the original site of Woodstock.124 Neil Strauss, from The New York Times, noted that "all the backing music was on tape, and most of the vocals were recorded, with Ms. Spears just reinforcing selected words in choruses and singing an occasional snippet of a verse".125 It was also performed at the 1999 MTV Video Music Awards;126 after a classroom roll call ended, Spears appeared on the stage and began performing the song. Halfway through, she was joined by Justin Timberlake and the members of NSYNC for a dance routine. Afterwards, the band performed their hit "Tearin' Up My Heart".127 The song was also performed at the 1999 MTV Europe Music Awards, along with "(You Drive Me) Crazy", the 1999 Billboard Music Awards, the 1999 Smash Hits Poll Winners Party, the Christmas Day edition of Top of the Pops and the Greenwich Millennium concert on December 31, 1999. She also performed it with broadcasters David Dimbleby and Michael Buerk on 2000 Today. Spears performed the song in a medley with "From the Bottom of My Broken Heart" at the 42nd Grammy Awards. Spears was wearing a turtleneck and a full tulle skirt at the beginning of the performance, while dancers surrounded her with enormous hand fans. After singing a shortened version of the song, she then took a few moments to shuffle into a form-fitting red rhinestone outfit (with side cutouts) and emerged onto a stage to perform "...Baby One More Time." Spears was also criticized of lipsynching the song during her performance.128 Later, in 2003, Spears performed the song in a remixed form at Britney Spears: In the Zone, a concert special that aired in ABC on November 17, 2003.129 "...Baby One More Time" was also performed at the 2003 NFL Kickoff Live on September 4, 2003, at the National Mall, in a medley with "I'm a Slave 4 U" (2001), which included pyrotechnics.130131132 She sported shoulder-length blond hair and was dressed in black football pants, a black-and-white referee halter top and boots from Reebok.133 Her outfit was later auctioned off to benefit the Britney Spears Foundation.134

"...Baby One More Time" has been performed in seven of Spears's concert tours since its release.135136137138139140141142 On 1999's ...Baby One More Time Tour, the encore consisted of a performance of the song,143 in which Spears wore a black bra under pink halter,144 a pink sequined plaid mini-skirt,145 and black thigh-high stockings.146 On 2000's Oops!... I Did It Again Tour, "...Baby One More Time" was performed after a dance interlude in which the dancers showed their individual moves while their names appeared on the screens.147 Spears took the stage in a conservative schoolgirl outfit to perform the song.148 She ripped it off halfway through the song to reveal a cheerleader ensemble.149 The song was also the encore of 2001's Dream Within a Dream Tour.150151 It began with a giant projection of a hologram of Spears onto a water screen.152153 The projection gradually shrunk until Spears rose from the stage while wearing a plastic cowboy hat, blue hip-huggers, and a matching bra top.154155 She began performing "...Baby One More Time" in a ballad version until reaching the end of the runway.156157 Pyrotechnics surrounded the stage while the song changed to a more uptempo version with elements of techno.158159

On The Onyx Hotel Tour, after performing "Showdown", a video interlude followed featuring Spears and her friends outside a club.160 While she was leaving, she noticed a woman dressed in 1930s fashion.161 She followed her and the woman asked Spears to enter the "Mystic Lounge".162 Spears reappeared wearing a corset to perform "...Baby One More Time" along with "Oops!...I Did It Again" and "(You Drive Me) Crazy".163 All of the three were reworked for the show with elements of jazz and blues.164 "...Baby One More Time" was also performed on the promotional tour made on some House of Blues locations, called The M+M's Tour.165 The show started with Spears singing a short version of the song dressed in a white go-go boots,166 a white miniskirt and a sparkling pink bikini top.167 On The Circus Starring Britney Spears, the song made into the Electro Circ act.168 It was the final song of the act,169 performed after "Toxic".170 The performance consisted on Spears and her dancers performing a remix of the song.171 On 2011's Femme Fatale Tour, "...Baby One More Time" was performed in a medley with the remix of Rihanna's "S&M" (2010).172 At Spears's residency show Britney: Piece of Me in Las Vegas, the song was included on its setlist.173

Cover versions, samples and usage in media

"...Baby One More Time" has been covered on numerous occasions. One of the earliest live covers of the song was by the Scottish band Travis, recorded during one of their concerts in Robin Hood's Bay, North Yorkshire, England.174 The song was later included in the release of their 1999 single, "Turn". Lead singer Francis Healey said, "We did it for a laugh the first time. [..] And as we played it, the irony slipped from my smile. It's a very well-crafted song. It [has] that magic thing."175 The Guardian said this cover showed a new and more "dark" side of the band, commenting "slowed down to a mournful crawl, it was amazing how ominous the couplet "This loneliness is killing me / Hit me, baby, one more time" sounded".176 PopWreckoning.com called it "perhaps the most well done cover of Britney's catalyst to eternal fame".177 Spears heard their version while shopping in a mall and said, "It was so weird. I liked it though, I thought it was cool. It was a very different vibe from what I did".178 In July 2005, the Dresden Dolls performed a cover during their summer concerts while opening for Panic! at the Disco. On July 18, 2006, frontman Brendon Urie joined the band to perform the song in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. PopWreckoning.com said the cover was "a strange twist to this pop ditty. It's obviously darker and actually tortured as opposed to Britney's school girl despair".179

On July 13, 2009, Tori Amos covered the song live during her Sinful Attraction Tour at the Paramount Theatre in Oakland, California.180 On October 15, that year, Kris Allen covered the song for the first time at a concert in Seton High School in Cincinnati, Ohio. His rendition received positive reviews.181 The song is heard, prominently but briefly, during the climactic fight-scene in the 2005 animated film Robots.182 Fender Pinwheeler (voiced by Robin Williams), while wearing a skirt, was busy fighting to the beat of the song.183 An excerpt was used in the comedy film, but was not included on the soundtrack album.184 In 2000, British death metal cover band Ten Masked Men included a rendition of the song on their Return of the Ten Masked Men album.185 A cover by Ahmet and Dweezil Zappa was featured in the soundtrack of the 2000 film Ready to Rumble.186 The song was covered twice in Fearless Records' Punk Goes... compilation album series, first by pop punk band Nicotine for 2002's Punk Goes Pop and then by metalcore band August Burns Red for its 2009 successor, Punk Goes Pop Volume Two. In 2003, the song was covered by American pop punk band Bowling for Soup for the soundtrack of the film Freaky Friday and commented that their version was "really, really, dark and really rock, [..] not the kind of 'pop'-py stuff that we usually do."187 In 2005, power pop band Fountains of Wayne covered the song for their compilation album Out-of-State Plates. Robert Christgau of The Village Voice highlighted their rendition saying the song is "as redolent and fetching as any of [Fountains of Wayne]'s peaks".188

In the 2010 Glee season 2 episode "Britney/Brittany", the character of Rachel Berry, played by Lea Michele, covered the song using similar outfits to the ones of the music video. Spears also made a cameo, taking the teacher's role, previously played by Cullota.189 In the 2010 Nickelodeon film, The Boy Who Cried Werewolf, the song was featured in the end credits performed by the actors as their respective characters.190191192 Darren Criss also of Glee performed a mash-up of "...Baby One More Time" with "Für Elise" on Sing Out, Raise Hope for The Trevor Project and the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation in December 2011.193 In 2012, British singer Ed Sheeran performed an acoustic version of the song on NOW 100.5 FM.194 A year later he covered it on Z100's Elvis Duran and the Morning Show and added a rap verse.195 The song is sung by actresses Selena Gomez, Vanessa Hudgens, Ashley Benson and Rachel Korine in Harmony Korine's film Spring Breakers.196 Swedish singer Tove Styrke released a cover of the song on July 24, 2015.197 Charli XCX and Troye Sivan referenced the song on their single "1999" on XCX's album Charli. Alternative rock band Slothrust recorded a cover of the song as part of their 2017 EP Show Me How You Want It to Be. Anne Marie also references the song on her single "2002". The music video also pays homage to Spears. Both singles were released in 2018. In 2020, Italian symphonic death metal band Fleshgod Apocalypse paid homage to the song in their single "No", slightly interpolating the chorus lines and melody near the end of the track with altered lyrics.198

In 2018, the sitcom Superstore also used "Baby, One More Time" in season 4, episode 2, "Baby Shower", during a scene of Amy Sosa (America Ferrera)'s baby shower.199 In addition, the song was also used in the trailer of Hitman's Wife's Bodyguard in 2021.200 In 2022, the song was re-versioned for the Mexican Netflix television series Rebelde. It was performed by Brazilian actress Giovanna Grigio and Mexican actor Alejandro Puente and was included in the soundtrack of the series released on January 5, 2022, by Sony Music Mexico.201

The song appears in the 2019 Max Martin jukebox musical & Juliet where it was performed by Juliet Capulet in Act 1.

A rock cover of the song by Tenacious D is featured in the end credits of the 2024 animated film Kung Fu Panda 4, which stars Jack Black in the titular role of Po.202203204

In 2025, South Korean singer Seulgi sampled the guitar riffs from the song, for her comeback single "Baby, Not Baby".205

Legacy

In 2020, Rolling Stone ranked the song at number one on a list of the 100 Greatest Debut Singles of All Time.206 In 2021, the same magazine ranked the song at number 205 on their updated list of 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.207 Billboard's Robert Kelly observed that Spears's "sexy and coy" vocals on the track "kicked off a new era of pop vocal stylings that would influence countless artists to come."208 "...Baby One More Time" was listed at number twenty five in the greatest pop songs since 1963, in a list compiled by Rolling Stone and MTV in 2000.209 Blender listed it at number nine in the 500 Greatest Songs Since You Were Born.210 The song was also listed as the 2nd best song of the 1990s by VH1211 and in a listing compiled in 2003, ranked at number one in 100 Best Songs of the Past 25 Years.212 Bill Lamb of About.com ranked "...Baby One More Time" at number one on a compiled list with the Top 40 Pop Songs Of All Time.213 The music video was voted the third most influential promo in the history of pop music on a poll held by Jam!.214 "...Baby One More Time" is also one of the best-selling singles of all time, with over 9 million copies sold,215 and also earned Spears's first nomination for a Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance.216 In April 2005, the British TV network ITV aired a short series called Hit Me, Baby, One More Time hosted by Vernon Kay.217 The show pitted one-hit wonders who generally had their moments of fame in the 1980s against each other to play their own hits and a currently popular cover song.218 The favorites were chosen by audience voting.219 The American version of the show also aired on NBC later in the year, and it was also hosted by Kay.220 In the 2012 poll created by The Official Chart Company and ITV to discover The Nation's Favourite Number 1 Single of all time, "...Baby One More Time" was listed as the seventh favorite song by the United Kingdom.221 In 2018, readers of German teen magazine Bravo voted "...Baby One More Time" to be the biggest hit since its first music compilation was released in 1992. In 2021, Billboard and American Songwriter both ranked the song number two on their lists of the greatest Britney Spears songs.222223

Spears led the teen pop pack of Christina Aguilera, Jessica Simpson and Mandy Moore, who were all seen as "pop princesses" gaining chart success in 1999.224225226 These four performers had each been developing material in 1998, but "...Baby One More Time" changed the market in December, opening the door for the others. Rolling Stone wrote that Spears "spearheaded the rise of post-millennial teen pop ... Spears early on cultivated a mixture of innocence and experience that generated lots of cash".227 Barbara Ellen of The Observer has reported: "Spears is famously one of the 'oldest' teenagers pop has ever produced, almost middle aged in terms of focus and determination. Many 19-year-olds haven't even started working by that age, whereas Britney, a former Mouseketeer, was that most unusual and volatile of American phenomena—a child with a full-time career. While other little girls were putting posters on their walls, Britney was wanting to be the poster on the wall. Whereas other children develop at their own pace, Britney was developing at a pace set by the ferociously competitive American entertainment industry".228

Scott Plagenhoef of Pitchfork noted: "songs like Nirvana's "Smells Like Teen Spirit", Dr. Dre's "Nuthin' But a 'G' Thang", and Britney Spears' " ... Baby One More Time" altered the landscape of pop culture so quickly in large part because they were delivered to all corners of the U.S. simultaneously by MTV. ... MTV's ability to place a song and musician into the pop music conversation was unparalleled at the time, and by the end of the decade that meant absurd levels of both financial and creative commitment to music videos."229 PopMatters's writer Evan Sawdey commented that Spears' concept for the song's music video was the one responsible for her immediate success, saying that, as a result, the singer "scored a massive No. 1 single, inadvertently started the late '90s teen pop boom, and created a public persona for herself that was simultaneously kid-friendly and pure male fantasy. Her videos got played on both MTV and the Disney Channel at the same time, showing just how well Spears (and her armies of PR handlers) managed to walk that fine line between family-friendly pop idol and unabashed sex object."230

Accolades

Accolades for "...Baby One More Time"
AwardYearCategoryResultRef(s).
ASCAP2000Most Performed SongWon
APRA Music Awards2000Most Performed Foreign WorkNominated231
Billboard Music Awards1999Female Singles Artist of the YearWon232
CDDB Awards1999Most Played Single on ComputersWon
Grammy Awards2000Best Female Pop Vocal PerformanceNominated233
Guinness World Records2000Fastest Most No.1 Singles on UK chart by a Teenage Female Solo ArtistWon234
Indonesia Music Choice Awards1999Best Pop SongWon235
Best SongNominated
Best Music VideoWon
J-Wave Awards1999Song of the YearNominated
M6 Awards1999Best SongWon236
March Music Madness Awards2014Greatest Pop Song of the Modern EraWon237
MTV Europe Music Awards1999Best SongWon238
Best PopWon
MTV Video Music Awards1999Best Pop VideoNominated239
Best ChoreographyNominated
Best Female VideoNominated
International Viewer's ChoiceNominated
Now That's What I Call Music!2018Best Song of NOW Years (1983–2018)Won240
Best Song of the 90sWon
Radio Music Awards1999Song of the Year: Contemporary Hit Radio/Hot Adult ContemporaryNominated241
Teen Choice Awards1999Choice SingleWon242
Choice Music VideoNominated
The Record of the Year1999The Record of the YearWon243
TRL Awards2007Most Influential Video of All TimeWon244
Vevo Certified Awards2014Vevo Certified Awards for 100 Million ViewsWon

Formats and track listings

  • French CD single; US and UK cassette single
  1. "...Baby One More Time" – 3:30
  2. "Autumn Goodbye" – 3:41
  • Australian CD maxi single
  1. "...Baby One More Time" (Radio Version) – 3:30
  2. "...Baby One More Time" (Instrumental) – 3:30
  3. "Autumn Goodbye" – 3:41
  4. "...Baby One More Time" (Davidson Ospina Club Mix) – 5:40
  5. "...Baby One More Time" (Video)
  • European CD maxi single
  1. "...Baby One More Time" (Radio Version) – 3:30
  2. "...Baby One More Time" (Instrumental) – 3:30
  3. "Autumn Goodbye" – 3:41
  4. "...Baby One More Time" (Davidson Ospina Club Mix) – 5:40
  5. "Britney's Spoken Introduction" (Video) – 0:14
  6. "No Doubt (Snippet)" (Video) – 1:15
  • Brazilian and Malaysian CD maxi single
  1. "...Baby One More Time" (Radio Version) – 3:30
  2. "...Baby One More Time" (Instrumental) – 3:30
  3. "Autumn Goodbye" – 3:41
  4. "...Baby One More Time" (Davidson Ospina Club Mix) – 5:40
  • US CD maxi single
  1. "...Baby One More Time" (Radio Version) – 3:30
  2. "Autumn Goodbye" – 3:41
  3. "No Doubt (Preview)"
  4. "...Baby One More Time (Choreography Rehearsal)" (Video)
  5. "No Doubt" (Video)
  • UK CD maxi single 1; Israel CD maxi single
  1. "...Baby One More Time" (Original Version) – 3:30
  2. "...Baby One More Time" (Sharp Platinum Vocal Remix) – 8:11
  3. "...Baby One More Time" (Davidson Ospina Club Mix) – 5:40
  • UK CD maxi single 2
  1. "...Baby One More Time" (Radio Version) – 3:30
  2. "...Baby One More Time" (Instrumental) – 3:30
  3. "Autumn Goodbye" – 3:41
  • Australian cassette single
  1. "...Baby One More Time" (Original Version) – 3:30
  2. "...Baby One More Time" (Davidson Ospina Club Mix) – 5:40
  • 12-inch vinyl
  1. "...Baby One More Time" (Davidson Ospina Club Mix) – 5:40
  2. "...Baby One More Time" (Davidson Ospina Chronicles Dub) – 6:30
  3. "...Baby One More Time" (LP Version) – 3:30
  4. "...Baby One More Time" (Sharp Platinum Vocal Remix) – 8:11
  5. "...Baby One More Time" (Sharp Trade Dub) – 6:50
  • Digital download – Digital 45
  1. "...Baby One More Time" – 3:31
  2. "Autumn Goodbye" – 3:41

Credits and personnel

Credits for "...Baby One More Time" and "Autumn Goodbye" are taken from the single's liner notes.245

"...Baby One More Time"

"Autumn Goodbye"

  • Britney Spears – lead vocals and background vocals
  • Eric Foster White – songwriting, producer, audio mixing, all instruments
  • Nikki Gregoroff – background vocals
  • Tom Coyne – mastering

Charts

Weekly charts

1998–1999 weekly chart performance for "...Baby One More Time"
Chart (1998–1999)Peakposition
Australia (ARIA)2461
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)2471
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)2481
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)2491
Canada Top Singles (RPM)2501
Canada Adult Contemporary (RPM)2514
Canada Dance/Urban (RPM)2522
Costa Rica (Notimex)2535
Denmark (Tracklisten)2541
European Hot 100 Singles (Music & Media)2551
European Radio Top 50 (Music & Media)2561
El Salvador (Notimex)2571
Finland (Suomen virallinen lista)2581
France (SNEP)2591
France Airplay (Music & Media)2601
Germany (GfK)2611
Greece (IFPI)2621
Honduras (Notimex)2634
Hungary (MAHASZ)2644
Hungary (Rádiós Top 40)2651
Iceland (Íslenski Listinn Topp 40)26611
Ireland (IRMA)2671
Italy (Musica e dischi)2681
Italy Airplay (Music & Media)2691
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)2701
Netherlands (Single Top 100)2711
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)2721
Norway (VG-lista)2731
Puerto Rico (Notimex)2745
Poland (Music & Media)2759
Scandinavia (Music & Media)2762
Scotland (OCC)2771
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)2781
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)2791
UK Singles (OCC)2801
UK Indie (OCC)2811
UK Airplay (Music Week)2821
US Billboard Hot 1002831
US Adult Pop Airplay (Billboard)28425
US Pop Airplay (Billboard)2851
US Rhythmic (Billboard)28610
US CHR/Pop (Radio & Records)2871
US CHR/Rhythmic (Radio & Records)28811
US Hot AC (Radio & Records)28926
2024 weekly chart performance for "...Baby One More Time"
Chart (2024)Peakposition
Poland (Polish Airplay Top 100)29045

Year-end charts

Year-end chart performance for "...Baby One More Time"
Chart (1998)Position
US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard)291100
US CHR/Pop (Radio & Records)29282
Chart (1999)Position
Australia (ARIA)2932
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)2943
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)2951
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)2961
Brazil (Crowley Broadcast Analysis)29794
Canada Top Singles (RPM)29819
Canada Adult Contemporary (RPM)29939
Canada Dance/Urban (RPM)30021
European Hot 100 Singles (Billboard)3012
European Radio Top 100 (Billboard)3021
France (SNEP)3037
Germany (Media Control)3043
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)3053
Netherlands (Single Top 100)3063
New Zealand (RIANZ)30712
Romania (Romanian Top 100)3082
Sweden (Hitlistan)3098
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)3103
Taiwan (Hito Radio)31124
UK Singles (OCC)3121
UK Airplay (Music Week)3133
UK Pop (Music Week)31415
US Billboard Hot 1003155
US Adult Top 40 (Billboard)31660
US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard)3173
US Rhythmic Top 40 (Billboard)31834
US CHR/Pop (Radio & Records)3194
US CHR/Rhythmic (Radio & Records)32036

Decade-end charts

Decade-end chart performance for "...Baby One More Time"
Chart (1990–1999)Position
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)32159
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)32228
Canada (Nielsen SoundScan)32375
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)32413
UK Singles (OCC)3258
US Billboard Hot 10032678

All-time charts

All-time chart performance for "...Baby One More Time"
ChartPosition
UK Singles (OCC)32733

Certifications and sales

Certifications and sales for "...Baby One More Time"
RegionCertificationCertified units/sales
Australia (ARIA)3283× Platinum210,000^
Austria (IFPI Austria)329Platinum50,000*
Belgium (BRMA)3303× Platinum150,000*
Denmark (IFPI Danmark)331Platinum90,000‡
France (SNEP)332Platinum500,000*
Germany (BVMI)3333× Gold750,000^
Italy (FIMI)334Platinum100,000‡
Netherlands (NVPI)335Platinum75,000^
New Zealand (RMNZ)3362× Platinum60,000‡
Norway (IFPI Norway)3373× Platinum 
Portugal (AFP)338Platinum40,000‡
Spain (PROMUSICAE)339Platinum60,000‡
Sweden (GLF)340Platinum30,000^
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland)341Platinum50,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)3424× Platinum2,400,000‡
United States (RIAA)3435× Platinum5,000,000‡
Summaries
Worldwide—10,000,000344

* Sales figures based on certification alone.^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

Release history

Release dates and formats for "...Baby One More Time"
RegionDateFormat(s)Label(s)Ref.
United StatesSeptember 29, 1998 (1998-09-29)Jive345
October 23, 1998 (1998-10-23)346
AustraliaJanuary 11, 1999 (1999-01-11)Maxi CDFestival Mushroom347
FranceFebruary 8, 1999 (1999-02-08)Jive348
GermanyFebruary 15, 1999 (1999-02-15)BMG349
United Kingdom
  • Cassette
  • maxi CD
Jive350
February 22, 1999 (1999-02-22)Alternative maxi CD351
FranceMarch 23, 1999 (1999-03-23)CD352

See also

Sources

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