Robots of the United States include simple household robots such as Roomba to sophisticated autonomous aircraft such as the MQ-9 Reaper that cost 18 million dollars per unit. The first industrial robot, robot company, and exoskeletons as well as the first dynamically balancing, organic, and nanoscale robots originate from the United States.
History
In 1898 Nikola Tesla publicly demonstrated a radio-controlled torpedo.7 Based on patents for "teleautomation", Tesla hoped to develop it into a weapon system for the US Navy.89
In 1926, Westinghouse Electric Corporation created Televox, the first robot put to useful work. In the 1930s, they created a humanoid robot known as Elektro for exhibition purposes, including the 1939 and 1940 World's Fairs.1011
Unimate was the first industrial robot,12 which worked on a General Motors assembly line in New Jersey in 1961.1314 It was created by George Devol in the 1950s using his original patents. Devol, together with Joseph F. Engelberger started Unimation, the world's first robot manufacturing company.15
In 2008 the U.S. Air Force 174th Fighter Wing transitioned from F-16 piloted planes to MQ-9 Reaper drones, which are capable remote controlled or autonomous flight, becoming the first all-robot attack squadron.161718
Modern robots
Domestic
Main article: Domestic robot
- PatrolBot a configurable guide/delivery/surveillance robot
- Roomba a vacuum cleaner
- Scooba a floor washer
- Looj a rain gutter cleaner
Entertainment
Extraterrestrial
- ATHLETE lunar rover
- Mars Exploration Rover
Medical
Main article: Robotic surgery
Military (offensive/multi-role)
Main article: Military robot
Aerial
Terrestrial
- Black Knight unmanned tank
- Gladiator tactical unmanned ground vehicle
- MarkV-A1
- MULE / XM1219
- PackBot / SUGV
- TALON
Military (non-offensive)
Aerial
Terrestrial
- ACER
- Battlefield Extraction-Assist Robot
- BigDog dynamically balancing quadruped
- Crusher
- Dragon Runner
- MATILDA
Nanoscale
Main article: Nanorobotics
Walker
Main article: Walker (machine)
- BigDog dynamically balancing quadruped
- Anybots Dexter, the first dynamically balancing biped 19
- Timberjack Walking Machine logger
Non-autonomous (human operated)
These machines are human operated and not autonomous. Therefore, they do fit the classical description of a robot.
Exoskeleton
Main article: Powered exoskeleton
- Berkeley Lower Extremity Exoskeleton
- Sarcos/Raytheon XOS Exoskeleton, currently the most advanced exoskeleton, research for the XOS is funded by DARPA and NIST for use in the military and to "replace the wheelchair".2021
Military
Research
- Tufts University morphing chemical robot Tufts to develop morphing 'chemical robots'
Software
Main article: Robotics suite
- Microsoft Robotics Studio - .NET based
- VxWorks - operating system, notably used by ASIMO
- Robot App Store - Apps for every robot
American robotics companies
- Anybots
- Barrett Technology
- Berkshire Grey
- Bluefin Robotics
- Boston Dynamics
- Brooks Automation
- Cobalt Robotics
- Cobot Nation
- Diligent Robotics
- Energid Technologies
- Evolution Robotics
- Fetch Robotics
- Foster-Miller
- Harvest Automation
- Hydroid
- Inspectorbots
- Intuitive Surgical
- iRobot
- Kiva Systems
- Locus Robotics
- Mitsubishi Electric Automation - Robotics
- Myomo (myoelectric prosthetics)
- Rethink Robotics
- Savioke
- SuperDroid Robots
- Vecna Robotics
- Vishwa Robotics
- Willow Garage
See also
- Japanese robotics
- Robots in warfare
- Shadow Hand British Robotics company
- Underwater robot
- Drone
- Terminator, movie about artificial intelligence
External links
References
Reminiscing on the Roomba http://www.xconomy.com/boston/2007/08/22/reminiscing-on-the-roomba/ ↩
The Rise Of The Droids http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htairfo/articles/20080811.aspx ↩
Nof, Shimon Y. (1999). Handbook of Industrial Robotics (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. pp. 3–5. ISBN 978-0-471-17783-8. 978-0-471-17783-8 ↩
1961: The First Robot http://www.capitalcentury.com/1961.html ↩
A Brief History of Exoskeletons http://www.popsci.com/node/20670 ↩
Smallest Robot Archived December 9, 2008, at the Wayback Machine http://www.sciencentral.com/articles/view.php3?type=article&article_id=218392303 ↩
Cheney, Margaret (1989). Tesla, man out of time. New York: Dorset Press. ISBN 978-0-88029-419-5. 978-0-88029-419-5 ↩
US 613809, Tesla, Nikola, "Method of and apparatus for controlling mechanism of moving vessels or vehicles", published 1898-11-08 https://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US613809 ↩
"Tesla - Master of Lightning". PBS.org. Archived from the original on 28 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-24. https://www.pbs.org/tesla ↩
"Robot Dreams : The Strange Tale Of A Man's Quest To Rebuild His Mechanical Childhood Friend". The Cleveland Free Times. Archived from the original on October 23, 2007. Retrieved 2008-09-25. https://web.archive.org/web/20071023054926/http://www.freetimes.com/stories/13/35/robot-dreams-the-strange-tale-of-a-mans-quest-to-rebuild-his-mechanical-childhood-friend ↩
Scott Schaut (2006). Robots of Westinghouse: 1924-Today. Mansfield Memorial Museum. ↩
Nof, Shimon Y. (1999). Handbook of Industrial Robotics (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. pp. 3–5. ISBN 978-0-471-17783-8. 978-0-471-17783-8 ↩
1961: Installation of the First Industrial Robot http://world-information.org/wio/infostructure/100437611663/100438659325 ↩
Menzel, Peter; Faith D'Aluisio (2000). Robo sapiens: evolution of a new species. The MIT Press. pp. 186–189. ISBN 978-0-262-13382-1. 978-0-262-13382-1 ↩
1961: The First Robot http://www.capitalcentury.com/1961.html ↩
The Rise Of The Droids http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htairfo/articles/20080811.aspx ↩
MQ-9 Reaper http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/mq-9.htm ↩
Unmanned Reapers bound for Iraq, Afghanistan http://www.airforcetimes.com/news/2007/07/ap_reaper_070715/ ↩
Dexter Walks http://paulgraham.com/anybots.html ↩
Building the Real Iron Man http://www.popsci.com/scitech/article/2008-04/building-real-iron-man?page=1 ↩
Building the Real Iron Man http://www.popsci.com/scitech/article/2008-04/building-real-iron-man?page=4 ↩