Arius is a genus of catfishes (order Siluriformes) of the family Ariidae. The genus Arius is distributed in brackish and fresh waters of Eastern Africa and south to Southeast Asia.
Defining the limits so that Arius can form a natural grouping has always been a problem. The genus was never properly defined, and many species previously classified in Arius are now in other genera. Recent authors have recognized this genus as nonmonophyetic, rejecting that the genus is a natural grouping. Two unnamed groups are distinguished by accessory tooth plates, which are either very elongated and bearing molar-like teeth, or are oval shaped or subtriangular and bearing acicular (needle-like) or conic teeth. A. jatius lacks these tooth plates, but has been included in this genus based on its adipose fin and lateral line. The recognition of Ariodes as a junior synonym of Arius is tentative and needs to be further investigated.
Arius species have three pairs of barbels, including the fleshy and cylindrical maxillary barbels and two pairs of mental barbels. The base of the adipose fin is moderately long, about half the length of the base of the anal fin.
Species
Currently, 23 living species are recognized for this genus.6
- Arius acutirostris F. Day, 1877
- Arius africanus Günther, 1867 (African sea catfish)
- Arius arenarius (J. P. Müller & Troschel, 1849) (sand catfish)
- Arius arius (F. Hamilton, 1822) (threadfin sea catfish)
- Arius brunellii Zolezzi, 1939
- Arius cous Hyrtl, 1859
- Arius dispar Herre, 1926 (fleshysnout catfish)
- Arius festinus H. H. Ng & Sparks, 2003
- Arius gagora (F. Hamilton, 1822) (Gagora catfish)
- Arius gigas Boulenger, 1911 (giant sea catfish)
- Arius jella F. Day, 1877 (blackfin sea catfish)
- Arius leptonotacanthus Bleeker, 1849
- Arius macracanthus Günther, 1864
- Arius maculatus (Thunberg, 1792) (spotted catfish)
- Arius madagascariensis Vaillant, 1894 (Madagascar sea catfish)
- Arius malabaricus F. Day, 1877
- Arius manillensis Valenciennes, 1840 (Manila sea catfish)
- Arius microcephalus Bleeker, 1855 (squirrelheaded catfish)
- Arius nudidens M. C. W. Weber, 1913
- Arius oetik Bleeker, 1846
- Arius subrostratus Valenciennes, 1840 (shovelnose sea catfish)
- Arius sumatranus (Anonymous, referred to E. T. Bennett, 1830) (goat catfish)
- Arius uncinatus H. H. Ng & Sparks, 2003
- Arius venosus Valenciennes, 1840 (veined catfish)
In addition, a fairly extensive fossil record exists, encompassing several species, but mainly represented by otoliths.
- †Arius fraasi Peyer, 1928 - Eocene of Egypt (Mokattam Formation)7
- †Arius kutchensis Rao, 1956 - Eocene of Gujarat, India8
References
Marceniuk, Alexandre P.; Menezes, Naércio A. (2007). "Systematics of the family Ariidae (Ostariophysi, Siluriformes), with a redefinition of the genera" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1416: 1–126. http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2007f/zt01416p126.pdf ↩
Marceniuk, Alexandre P.; Menezes, Naércio A. (2007). "Systematics of the family Ariidae (Ostariophysi, Siluriformes), with a redefinition of the genera" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1416: 1–126. http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2007f/zt01416p126.pdf ↩
Marceniuk, Alexandre P.; Menezes, Naércio A. (2007). "Systematics of the family Ariidae (Ostariophysi, Siluriformes), with a redefinition of the genera" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1416: 1–126. http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2007f/zt01416p126.pdf ↩
Marceniuk, Alexandre P.; Menezes, Naércio A. (2007). "Systematics of the family Ariidae (Ostariophysi, Siluriformes), with a redefinition of the genera" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1416: 1–126. http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2007f/zt01416p126.pdf ↩
Marceniuk, Alexandre P.; Menezes, Naércio A. (2007). "Systematics of the family Ariidae (Ostariophysi, Siluriformes), with a redefinition of the genera" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1416: 1–126. http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2007f/zt01416p126.pdf ↩
Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Arius". FishBase. December 2011 version. /wiki/Rainer_Froese ↩
Murray, Alison M.; Holmes, Robert (2021). "Osteology of the cranium and Weberian apparatus of African catfish families (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Siluriformes) with an assessment of Palaeogene genera". Vertebrate Anatomy Morphology Palaeontology. 9 (1): 156–191. doi:10.18435/vamp29382. ISSN 2292-1389. https://journals.library.ualberta.ca/vamp/index.php/VAMP/article/view/29382 ↩
Rao, V. Raghavendra (1956-09-01). "The Skull of an Eocene Siluroid Fish from Western Cutch, India∗". Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India. 1 (1): 181–185. doi:10.1177/0552936019560126. ISSN 0552-9360. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0552936019560126 ↩