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Army National Guard
Militia force and reserve force that is part of the Militia of the United States, the National Guard of the United States and the United States Army

The Army National Guard (ARNG) is an organized militia force and a federal military reserve force of the United States Army. It is simultaneously part of two different organizations: the Militia of the United States (consisting of the ARNG of each state, most territories, and the District of Columbia), as well as the federal ARNG, as part of the National Guard as a whole (which includes the Air National Guard). It is divided into subordinate units stationed in each state or insular area, responsible to their respective governors or other head-of-government.

The Guard's origins are usually traced to the city of Salem, Massachusetts, in 1636. That year a regiment of militia drilled for the first time to defend a multi-community area within what is now the United States.

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Activation

The ARNG operates under Title 10 of the United States Code when under federal control, and Title 32 of the United States Code and applicable state laws when under state control. It may be called up for active duty by the state or territorial governors to help respond to domestic emergencies and disasters, such as those caused by hurricanes, floods, and earthquakes, as well as civil disorder.6 The District of Columbia Army National Guard is a federal militia, controlled by the president of the United States with authority delegated to the secretary of defense, and through him to the secretary of the Army.7

Members or units of the ARNG may be ordered, temporarily or indefinitely, into United States service.89 If mobilized for federal service, the member or unit becomes part of the U.S. ARNG, which is a reserve component of the U.S. Army.101112 Individuals volunteering for active federal service may do so subject to the consent of their governors.13 Largely on the basis of a 1990 U.S. Supreme Court decision, governors generally cannot veto involuntary activations of individuals or units for federal service, either for training or national emergency.14

The president may also call up members and units of the ARNG, in its status as the militia of the several states, to repel invasion, suppress rebellion, or enforce federal laws.15 The Army National Guard is one of two organizations administered by the National Guard Bureau, the other being the Air National Guard. The director of the ARNG is the head of the organization, and reports to the chief of the National Guard Bureau. Because the ARNG is both the militia of the several states and a federal reserve component of the Army, neither the chief of the National Guard Bureau nor the director of the ARNG "commands" it. This operational command authority is performed in each state or territory by the state adjutant general, and in the District of Columbia by the commanding general of the D.C. National Guard when a unit is in its militia status. While under federal activation, the operational command authority is transferred to the commanders of the unified combatant commands, who command all U.S. forces within their area of responsibility. The chief of the National Guard Bureau and the director of the ARNG serve as the channel of communications between the Department of the Army and the ARNG in each state and territory, and administer federal programs, policies, and resources for the National Guard.16

The ARNG's portion of the president's proposed federal budget for the 2018 fiscal year is approximately $16.2 billion to support an end strength of 343,000, including appropriations for personnel pay and allowance, facilities maintenance, construction, equipment maintenance and other activities.17

History

Main article: History of the United States Army National Guard

Main article: Militia (United States)

Units and formations

Deployable Army units are organized as Table of organization and equipment (TOE) organizations or modified table of organization and equipment (MTOE) organizations. Non-deployable units, such as a state's joint force headquarters or regional training institutes are administered as Table of distribution and allowance (TDA) units.18

Commands

Divisions

In addition to many deployable units which are non-divisional, the Army National Guard's deployable units include eight infantry divisions.19 These divisions, their subordinate brigades or brigades with which the divisions have a training oversight relationship, and the states represented by the largest units include:20

Army Aviation Magazine wrote on 31 March 2021 that "The ARNG is pressing forward with the Division Alignment for Training (DIV AFT) effort. The DIV AFT intent is to enhance leader development and training readiness through codified relationships across echelons and states to develop combat capable division formations for large scale combat operations. The Director, ARNG. recently convened a DIV AFT Initial Planning Conference to clarify unit alignments for all eight ARNG Division Headquarters and synchronize activities that will facilitate unity of effort between Division Headquarters and aligned for training States."21

Multifunctional Support Brigades

The Army National Guard fields 37 multifunctional support brigades.

Maneuver Enhancement Brigades

Field Artillery Brigades

Sustainment Brigades

Military Intelligence Brigades

Functional Support Brigades and Groups

Engineer Brigades

Air Defense Artillery Brigades

Theater Tactical Signal Brigades

Military Police Brigades

Theater and Combat Aviation Brigades

Other brigades

Other Groups

Regular Army – Army National Guard Partnership

In 2016, the Army and the Army National Guard began a training and readiness initiative that aligned some Army brigades with National Guard division headquarters, and some National Guard brigades with Army division headquarters. Among others, this program included the National Guard's 86th Infantry Brigade Combat Team becoming affiliated with the Army's 10th Mountain Division23 and the National Guard's 1st Battalion, 143rd Infantry Regiment affiliating with the Army's 173rd Airborne Brigade Combat Team.24 In addition, 3rd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division began an affiliation with the National Guard's 36th Infantry Division.25

Army units partnering with Army National Guard headquarters include:

By state

Main article: State Adjutant General

The Army and Air National Guard in each state are headed by the state adjutant general. The adjutant general (TAG) is the de facto commander of a state's military forces, and reports to the state governor.26

State Abbr.State
ALAlabama
AKAlaska
AZArizona
ARArkansas
CACalifornia
COColorado
CTConnecticut
DEDelaware
DCDistrict of Columbia
FLFlorida
GAGeorgia
GUGuam
HIHawaii
IDIdaho
ILIllinois
INIndiana
IAIowa
KSKansas
State Abbr.State
KYKentucky
LALouisiana
MEMaine
MDMaryland
MAMassachusetts
MIMichigan
MNMinnesota
MSMississippi
MOMissouri
MTMontana
NENebraska
NVNevada
NHNew Hampshire
NJNew Jersey
NMNew Mexico
NYNew York
NCNorth Carolina
NDNorth Dakota
State Abbr.State
OHOhio
OKOklahoma
OROregon
PAPennsylvania
PRPuerto Rico
RIRhode Island
SCSouth Carolina
SDSouth Dakota
TNTennessee
TXTexas
UTUtah
VTVermont
VAVirginia
VIU.S. Virgin Islands
WAWashington
WVWest Virginia
WIWisconsin
WYWyoming

Legacy units and formations

Several units have been affected by Army National Guard reorganizations. Some have been renamed or inactivated. Some have had subordinate units reallocated to other commands. A partial list of inactivated major units includes:

Leadership

Upon the creation of the United States Air Force in 1947, the National Guard Bureau was organized into two divisions; Army National Guard and Air National Guard. Each were headed by a major general who reported to the chief of the National Guard Bureau. The head of the Army National Guard was originally established as the chief of the Army Division at the National Guard Bureau. The position was downgraded to brigadier general in 1962 due to force reduction. It was renamed to Director of the Army National Guard and elevated back to major general in 1970. The position was later elevated to the rank of lieutenant general in 2001. The Army National Guard is also authorized a deputy director which was originally established as a brigadier general office in 1970. It was elevated to the rank of major general in 2006.

The director of the Army National Guard oversees a staff which aids in planning and day-to-day organization and management. In addition to a chief of staff, the director's staff includes several special staff members, including a chaplain and protocol and awards specialists. It also includes a primary staff, which is organized as directorates, divisions, and branches. The directorates of the Army National Guard staff are arranged along the lines of a typical American military staff: G-1 for personnel; G-2 for intelligence; G-3 for plans, operations and training; G-4 for logistics; G-5 for strategic plans, policy and communications; G-6 for communications; and G-8 for budgets and financial management.

List of chiefs and directors

No.CommanderTerm
PortraitNameTook officeLeft officeTerm length
Chiefs of the Army Division at the National Guard Bureau
1Major GeneralRaymond H. Fleming194819502 years
2Major GeneralWilliam H. Abendroth195119554 years
3Major GeneralDonald W. McGowan195519594 years
4Major GeneralClayton P. Kerr195919623 years
5Brigadier GeneralFrancis Greenlief196219631 year
6Brigadier GeneralCharles L. Southward196419662 years
7Brigadier GeneralLeonard C. Ward196819702 years
Directors of the Army National Guard
8Major GeneralFrancis Greenlief197019711 year
9Major GeneralLa Vern E. Weber197119743 years
10Major GeneralCharles A. Ott Jr.197419784 years
11Major GeneralEmmett H. Walker Jr.197819824 years
12Major GeneralHerbert R. Temple Jr.198219864 years
13Major GeneralDonald Burdick198619915 years
14Major GeneralRaymond F. Rees199119921 year
15Major GeneralJohn R. D'Araujo Jr.199319952 years
16Major GeneralWilliam A. Navas Jr.October 1995May 19983 years
17Lieutenant GeneralRoger C. Schultz1 June 199815 June 20046 years, 14 days49
18Lieutenant GeneralClyde A. Vaughn15 June 20049 May 20094 years, 328 days
−Major GeneralRaymond W. CarpenterActing9 May 200928 November 20112 years, 203 days
19Lieutenant GeneralWilliam E. Ingram Jr.28 November 201114 January 20142 years, 47 days
−Major GeneralJudd H. LyonsActing14 January 201427 March 20151 year, 72 days
20Lieutenant GeneralTimothy J. Kadavy27 March 201525 March 20193 years, 363 days
21Lieutenant GeneralDaniel R. Hokanson20 June 20193 August 20201 year, 44 days
22Lieutenant GeneralJon A. Jensen10 August 20205 August 20243 years, 361 days
23Lieutenant GeneralJonathan M. Stubbs5 August 2024Incumbent281 days

Prominent members

Main article: Prominent members of the US Army National Guard

U.S. presidents

Main article: List of presidents of the United States by military service

Of the 4550 individuals to serve as president of the United States as of 2025, 33 had military experience. Of those 33, 21 served in the militia or ARNG.

(Note: President George W. Bush served in the National Guard in the late 1960s and early 1970s, and he was the first Air National Guard member to attain the presidency.)96

See also

Notes

Wikimedia Commons has media related to United States Army National Guard.

References

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  3. Soucy, Jon (8 January 2013). "Obama recognizes Salem, Mass., as birthplace of the National Guard". National Guard.mil. Arlington, Virginia: National Guard Bureau. Retrieved 27 February 2025. https://www.nationalguard.mil/News/Article/574221/obama-recognizes-salem-mass-as-birthplace-of-the-national-guard/ ↩

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  5. The 181st Infantry, the 182nd Infantry, the 101st Field Artillery and the 101st Engineer Battalion of the Massachusetts Army National Guard stem from the 1636 unit.[6] ↩

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