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Audrey Geisel
American philanthropist (1921–2018)

Audrey Grace Florine Stone (August 14, 1921 – December 19, 2018) was the second wife of American children's book author Theodor Geisel (a.k.a. Dr. Seuss), to whom she was married from 1968 until his death in 1991. She founded Dr. Seuss Enterprises in 1993, and was president and CEO of the company until her death in 2018.

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Early life and education

Audrey Grace Florine Stone was the daughter of Norman Alfred Stone, an English medical furniture salesman, and Ruth Benson, a nurse whose family was from Norway. She was baptized at the Ravenswood Covenant Church in Chicago, Illinois, United States. She grew up in and around Queens, New York, moving around as often as an "army brat".1 Her parents' marriage was "off and on" and her father left early in her life.2 When she was five, her mother moved into a nurses' dormitory at the Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital and sent her to live with a friend in New Rochelle, New York. However, her mother did visit her on weekends.3 At this time, the young Audrey attended Julia Richmond School, Manhattan.4

Nursing career

Geisel studied nursing at Indiana University School of Nursing in Indianapolis, earning a Bachelor of Science in nursing in 1944. Of her university application, she said she knew she was supposed to say that she wanted to "serve humanity", but what she really wanted was "to be in the centre of the action."

She worked in Massachusetts5 and at the Coleman Obstetrical and Gynecological Hospital at the Indiana University Medical Center.6 Long after she finished working as a nurse, she continued renewing her credentials, refusing to "hang up the whites” officially.7

Marriage to Edmunds Dimond

In 1945 she married fellow student Edmunds Grey Dimond. He became a resident physician at Indiana University8 Medical Center and later Dean of Cardiology at the University of Kansas.9 While the couple travelled to and lived in Japan and Netherlands for his work, where she took lessons in sculpture.10 They had two daughters, Lark Grey (b. 1953), a sculptor, and Leagrey, a bookstore owner. Of her role as a mother, she said, "I was the kind of mother I now regret […] But I don't live with regret, because what you see is what they got."11 After Audrey's death, her daughters disputed this self-description, saying they had developed a warm relationship with their mother.12 The family moved to La Jolla, San Diego,1314 in 1960 for Dimond to join Scripps Clinic, while Geisel volunteered in cancer wards.15

Marriage to Ted Geisel (a.k.a. Dr. Seuss)

Audrey met Seuss and his first wife, Helen Palmer, at a party in La Jolla.16[when?] Of their first meeting she said, "As we went through the line, I noticed that when we got to Dr. Seuss, the inflection of the person introducing us was slightly different […] I thought, 'Well, it's for some reason.' Being my facetious best, I said, 'Dr. Seuss, you must have a very interesting specialty. The right or the left nostril?' And I remember him looking at me kind of startled and making no response."17 The two couples became friends and later Audrey and Theodor began an affair,[when?] about which she said, "The feeling was that at his age you grab for the gusto. You don't wait. You don't think you have that much time."18 Devastated by her husband's affair with Dimond, Palmer died by suicide on October 23, 1967.19 In May 1968 Seuss wrote to friends, "Audrey and I are going to be married […] I am acquiring two daughters, aged nine and fourteen. I am rebuilding the house to take care of the influx. I am 64 years old. I am marrying a woman seventeen years younger… I have not flipped my lid. This is not a sudden nutty decision… This is an inevitable, inescapable conclusion […] All I can ask you is to try to believe in me."20 Audrey divorced Edmunds Dimond on 21 June 1968.21

After the legally required six-week wait, Geisel married Seuss on August 5, 1968, at the Washoe County Courthouse in Reno, Nevada. They invited no friends.22 They lived in a "Mount Soledad aerie" in La Jolla, where Seuss had previously lived with Palmer.23 It had an "old stucco observatory and elegant, helter-skelter maze of rooms they have built around it."24 When she moved in with Seuss, Geisel sent her daughters to boarding school25 of which she said "They wouldn't have been happy with Ted, and Ted wouldn't have been happy with them."26 Her daughters later disputed this statement and said that Seuss had been a warm and loving father.27 She also said "I've never been very maternal. There were too many other things I wanted to do. My life with him was what I wanted my life to be."28 The couple travelled widely around the world, including Cambodia, India, France, United Kingdom, Kenya, Turkey, Greece, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Australia, New Zealand, Morocco, Israel, Lebanon, and many other countries and territories.29303132

When Seuss started losing his sight to glaucoma in 1975, Geisel served as his "eyes and driver".33 Geisel took credit for Seuss's appearance, saying "I created the beard. He had a nose that was looking for a beard all his life."34 It was in part to make Seuss's life easier as he began to lose his sight.35 In 1989 Geisel was diagnosed with a benign brain tumour. It was successfully removed in January 1990.36 She nursed Seuss during his final illness. He died of cancer in 1991.37

Springfield, MA

Geisel first visited Seuss' birthplace, Springfield, Massachusetts, soon after their wedding. In 1997 she initiated fundraising to create a Dr. Seuss National Memorial Sculpture Garden in the town, by donating $1m. The garden includes bronze sculptures created by Geisel's daughter, Lark Grey Dimond-Cates.38 Fifteen years later, with Geisel's approval, Springfield opened The Amazing World of Dr. Seuss Museum.39

Working with Seuss

In her introduction to The Complete Cat in the Hat Geisel wrote about Seuss's writing process and how she was responsible for collecting "as many paperback thrillers as I could find, bring them home, stash them in a secret location and bring them out one at a time" when he was stuck for ideas and needed a break.40 Of her relationship with Seuss, she said, "The idea was to keep the body there so it could take that mind as far as it wanted to go. I kept the Band-Aids going."41

Geisel was "credited with reinvigorating her husband's creative output". He published 20 books during their 25-year marriage, including The Lorax, You're Only Old Once! and Oh, the Places You'll Go!.42 She was proud of her contributions to Seuss's work. His editors at Random House told her "His juices were getting diluted, and he needed something to start him again."43

She was also credited with "encouraging her husband to address more social issues" in his books, specifically The Lorax and the anti-war The Butter Battle Book.44 When Seuss was stuck while trying to write a book about conservation issues, Geisel suggested a trip to Kenya to get his mind off his work. While there, Seuss saw a herd of elephants. Of the sight, he said he "grabbed a laundry list that I had beside me and wrote the whole book The Lorax in 45 minutes."45 On the same trip, Seuss saw people cutting down acacia trees, and "he thought, 'they can't cut down my Dr. Seuss trees' – which he renamed Truffula trees."46

During an interview in 1986, Seuss noted that Geisel studied art and called her "the colour expert […] She always makes sure to tell me what's bad."47 Geisel "accepted credit" for Seuss's change of colour palette for The Lorax.48 Seuss also said Geisel was "the only adult who could read [his stories] aloud."49

After Seuss's death

In 1991, in response to the anti-abortion movement's adopting of a line from Horton Hears a Who! – "A person's a person no matter how small" – in support of its cause, Geisel stated she "doesn't like people to hijack Dr. Seuss characters or material to front their own points of view."50

In the early 2000s Geisel dated Alexander Butterfield.51

She received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on behalf of Seuss in 2004.52

Dr. Seuss Enterprises

Before Seuss died, Geisel had "the impression that I was going to be fairly involved in everything, […] it began to dawn on me that there was going to be a tremendous transition after his loss – I was going to do everything!"53 Seuss left behind "drawers, closets and files of unsorted, uncatalogued material".54

To protect Seuss's name and copyrights, Dr. Seuss Enterprises was created in 1993. Geisel was President and CEO55 and would "hold court each morning with aides at a La Valencia Hotel's restaurant56 in San Diego […] arriving in a 1984 Cadillac with licence plate that said GRINCH."57 Geisel was the prima inter pares on the board of three directors.58

Of her role, in 1994 she said, "My absolute desire, creed, intent is to carry forth from this day Ted's books, the sharing and ongoingness of those books, generation by generation, for all the reasons they were written in the first place. They're in our language."59 Of looking after Seuss's characters she said "You keep firm control as if they really were your children. I don't want the Cat in the Hat in a bad part of town, so to speak."60

Soon after establishing Dr. Seuss Enterprises, Universal Pictures approached Geisel about creating a Seuss-inspired ride at the Universal Islands of Adventure, Florida. She refused, being "concerned the park would cheapen the image of Dr. Seuss." After many redesigns, Geisel finally gave her approval in 1995, retaining a lot of creative control during the production process of Seuss Landing.61

In 1994, she signed a deal with Living Books, a joint venture between Broderbund Software and Random House, for the multimedia rights to Seuss's work.62

By 1996, there was concern that Geisel had been over-saturating the market with too many Seuss-related products, with Brian Henson of Jim Henson Productions saying, "it is an unusual situation where there are different people working with the same characters on different sorts of projects all over the place. That makes it a little confusing." However, on one point Geisel was firm: "I don't want to go into the food business. I don't want one of our little people poking out from a box of Wheat Chex."63

In 1996 Steven Spielberg secured the rights to The Cat in the Hat for a live-action film.64 However, in 1999 Geisel reclaimed the rights, saying, "They just couldn't get it right."65

After an aborted deal with TriStar Pictures had been cleared up, "one of Hollywood's biggest-ever book auctions"66 took place in 1998, with Universal Pictures paying $5 million for the rights to How The Grinch Stole Christmas and up to $4 million for Oh, The Places You'll Go. (As of 2020 it was slated for a 2027 release as part of Warner Bros.' new Seuss universe.)67 As part of the bidding process, which included Tom Shadyac, the Farrelly brothers, Gary Ross and John Hughes, each interested party needed to pay $3 million to secure a meeting with Geisel.68

In 2004 she presided over Seusstennial: A Century of Imagination marking the centenary of Seuss's birth.69 In 2013 she "opened the Estate's vault" and allowed some of Seuss's hat collection to tour the States, as the Hats Off to Dr. Seuss exhibition.70 In 2015 she curated The Art of Dr. Seuss, an exhibition of paintings and sculptures.71

Books

Geisel was involved in the following Seuss-related publications:

YearTitlePublisherNotes
1994Daisy-Head Mayzie by Dr. SeussRandom HouseGeisel found the manuscript "buried at the bottom of a drawer" in the home she had shared with Seuss.72 Of the discovery she said "To find something like that after I no longer had him was just wonderful for me."73
1995The Secret Art of Dr. Seuss by Dr. SeussRandom HouseProduced in conjunction with Chase Art Group74
1996Theodor Seuss Geisel: Reminiscences & Tributes by Edward Connery LathemContinuumGeisel wrote the introduction75
My Many Colored Days by Dr. SeussRandom HouseSeuss wrote the text in 1973. Geisel brought it to the attention of his publishers after his death in 1992. When it was published four years later she wrote, "Ted had a panoramic view of ocean and land from his study, and he found the constantly changing patterns of light and color fascinating. He liked to compare the 'mood', or color, of the day to his own emotional barometer setting. Though his inspiration for this book was personal, he felt that someone else should bring his or her own vision to it".76 The illustrations were made by Steve Johnson and Lou Fancher.
1997Seuss-isms: Wise and Witty Prescriptions for Living from the Good DoctorRandom HouseGeisel wrote the introduction. Containing Seuss aphorisms, about which Geisel said, "Seuss's books contain more sane, sensible, and just plain hilarious advice for living than most of the self-help books crowding bookstores today."77
Oh, Baby, the Places You'll Go!: a Book to be Read In Utero by Tish RabeRandom HouseGeisel wrote the introduction, which included: "Some years ago, Ted and I came across an article about some researchers who had asked prospective mothers and fathers to read aloud to their babies in utero. To our delight, the book they read was 'The Cat In The Hat'"78
1999Green Eggs and Ham by Dr. SeussLiving BooksAn interactive storybook made in consultation with Geisel79
2004The Complete Cat in the Hat by Dr. SeussCollinsGeisel wrote the introduction.80
Your Favorite Seuss: 13 stories Written and Illustrated by Dr. Seuss with 13 Introductory EssaysRandom HouseContributed the article Living with the Cat81
2008America's New Future: 100 New Answers: A Glimpse of the Future by 100 American Decision Makers by Doris Lee McCoyMorgan James PublishingContributor
2011The Bippolo Seed and Other Lost Stories by Dr. SeussRandom HouseGeisel "worked with Random House" to publish seven 'lost' Dr Seuss stories from the 1950s82 about which she said "I totally, wonderfully approve of anything that comes to light at this time of Ted's work"83
2015What Pet Should I Get? by Dr. SeussRandom HouseGeisel found the manuscript during a house renovation.8485
Oh, the Things You Can Do that are Good for You! All about Staying Healthy by Tish RabeRandom House
Oh, the Places You'll Go 25th Anniversary Portfolio by Dr. SeussRandom HouseGeisel wrote the introduction
2019Dr. Seuss's Horse MuseumRandom HouseGeisel found 80% of this book in a folder marked 'Noble Failures' after Seuss's death. It was completed by Andrew Joyner, an Australian illustrator.86

Seuss dedicated the following books to Geisel and her daughters:

Film and TV

Geisel was involved in the following in her role as CEO of Dr. Seuss Enterprises:

YearTitleDistributorGeisel's role and notes
1994Daisy-Head MayzieHanna-BarberaProducer. Won CableACE award for best children's special88
1995The Wubbulous World of Dr. SeussHenson Productions
1998An Awfully Big Adventure: The Making of Modern Children's LiteratureBBCGeisel was the narrator
2000How the Grinch Stole Christmas!Universal PicturesProducer Brian Grazer won the rights after a two-year process. Of Geisel, he said "Audrey Geisel was a little like Isaac Asimov's wife, in fact: she was a fierce protector of the legacy of her husband."89 He described Geisel as "Very sharp, somewhat reserved, and tough."90 Director Ron Howard went through eight scripts before Geisel gave her approval.91 Actor Jim Carrey had to "literally convince Geisel of his ability to play the part".92
2003The Cat in the HatUniversal PicturesOf Mike Myers' performance Geisel said, "I never saw Austin Powers but I knew 'Yeah, baby!' and I didn't want 'Yeah, baby!' at all."93
2008Horton Hears a Who!20th Century FoxProducer. Geisel reportedly prompted some changes, stating Horton's teeth were too big, and the kangaroo's pouch hung too low.94
2012The LoraxUniversal PicturesExecutive producer and "benevolent overseer"95
2018The GrinchUniversal PicturesExecutive producer
2019–22Green Eggs and HamNetflixScreenwriter Jared Stern said, "I had to pitch the story to her, and it was incredibly scary. Once it was over, she said something to the effect of 'I wondered what you were going to do to this. But I think you captured it, and you have our blessing.'"96

Theatre

  • 1998 – Dr. Seuss How the Grinch Stole Christmas. Premiered at The Old Globe, San Diego.97 Geisel gifted them the rights, about which the former artistic director said, it was "a gift that has continued giving to our theatre and the community long after both of our individual departures." Geisel had a walk-on part in the 2006 production.98
  • 1999 – Geisel attended workshops for Seussical: The Musical. It premiered in 2000 in Boston.99 Of the production she said, "I was completely captivated."100

Dr. Seuss Foundation

Geisel became president of the Dr. Seuss Foundation, which was established in 1958.101 A portion of all sales of Dr. Seuss books is donated to the Foundation102 which supports the arts, civic and public affairs, education, health, international relief, social services and religious welfare with a focus on California.103

In 1993, together with Kellogg's Corporation, the Foundation donated 500,000 books to nearly 2,000 schools which served disadvantaged children. In 1998 Geisel waived royalties to How the Grinch Stole Christmas! and donated $100,000 from the Foundation to help cover the costs of free tickets for San Diego's children who would be unable to afford to pay otherwise.104

Dr. Seuss Fund

The fund supported (and continues to support) dozens of charitable organisations in San Diego through the donation of "millions of dollars".105 Of her support of San Diego, she said, "I truly love this town. And I saw all the problems in the underbelly […] all the mental problems, poverty, sociological problems. Illiteracy."106 In 2000 she said, "I'm kind of the safety net under San Diego."107 Some of the causes she supported included:

Through the Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC)116 the fund established the Theodor Seuss Geisel Award for the "most distinguished American book for beginning readers". In 2012 the Dartmouth Medical School was renamed the Geisel School of Medicine, to reflect the couple's generosity over many years.117

Relationship with University of California, San Diego (UCSD)

Following Geisel's death, the Chancellor of UCSD said the university "would not be the same top-ranked research institution it is today without her enthusiastic generosity and vast university involvement."118 Geisel was involved in many aspects of the university's activities. Of her relationship with UCSD she said "I feel so much part of this university. I just do."119

Geisel's support included:

  • 1992 – donating almost 20,000120 "drawings, sketches, notebooks and other memorabilia dating from the 1970s to 1990s" to UCSD library with a value of $2.3 million121
  • 1993 – she opened the Geisel Room in a wing of the University's library.122
  • 1995 – gave $20 million, the single largest donation to UCSD, "believed to be the largest single donation ever made to any San Diego institution." The main library was renamed Geisel Library in recognition of the gift.123 Of the donation, Geisel said "The UCSD Library is so right for Ted. First, because literacy has always been our primary interest. If we could conquer illiteracy, many of the other causes we support to sustain people – the abused, the homeless, and the need for remedial education – would, to some extent, disappear. The library is the symbol of our commitment. And the UCSD Library is especially suited for that role. The first time Ted saw the form of that building he said to me 'If I had turned my thoughts toward designing a building, it might have looked strangely similar to this.'"124
  • 2007 – donated $1 million to establish the Audrey Geisel University Librarianship. The endowed position provides discretionary funding — in perpetuity — to continually enhance and expand the staff, resources and services of the library.125
  • 2013 – donated $2 million for the renovation of the University House. It was renamed the Audrey Geisel University House in her honour126
  • 2015 – donated $3 million to Geisel Library to renovate the library's interior127

She also supported the Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Health Sciences, UCSD Sulpizio Cardiovascular Center and the Preuss School.

She was on the following USCD boards:

Following her death, Scripps renamed the pavilion on its Torey Pines site the Geisel Pavilion.133 Geisel's La Jolla home was donated to UCSD. It was put up for sale in 2022 with the net proceeds put into a Geisel Fund.134

Board memberships

  • Chancellor's Associates Silver Circle135
  • Director's Circle136
  • Million Dollar Leadership Circle of Vista Hill137
  • National Hospice Foundation, founding trustee138
  • Old Globe Theatre, honorary director139
  • San Diego Council on Literacy, board member140
  • San Diego History Society, Curator's Circle141

Awards, honours and nominations

Geisel received the following:

YearOrganisationAwardRef
1994National Hospice OrganizationChampion Award142
1995Primetime Emmy AwardNominated for Daisy-Headed Mayzie143
Revelle AwardFor "distinguished and sustained service to University of California, San Diego by persons who are not members of its faculty or staff"144
2000Dartmouth CollegeHonorary degree145
2001Indiana UniversityIUPUI Spirit of Philanthropy Award146
2007Indiana UniversityHonorary Doctor of Humane Letters (LHD)147
2008Scripps Clinic and Scripps Green HospitalA star was named in her honour to recognise over 50 years of support148
2010University of California, San DiegoChancellor's Medal149
2011San Diego Business JournalWomen Who Mean Business Lifetime Achievement Award150
The Old Globe, San DiegoHonored Geisel at its annual gala in recognition of her "significant contributions"151
2012Scripps Research InstituteReception in Geisel's honour by in recognition of her donation to upgrade the auditorium152
San Diego SymphonyHonored Geisel at a performance of The Sneetches153
2013UC San Diego Sulpizio Cardiovascular CenterHonoree of the Heart of San Diego Gala154
2016PradoHonored Geisel at their 2019 gala "for the inspiration and countless contributions she has made to the arts which enrich our community"155
UC San DiegoLibrary café named Audrey's in her honour156
San Diego Legendary Women of the Heart157
UnknownHospice of San DiegoSixth Annual Humanitarian Award158

Geisel created the following awards and positions:

  • Audrey Geisel Friend of Military Children award159
  • Audrey Geisel Endowed Chair in Innovation, Indiana University School of Nursing160
  • Audrey Geisel University Librarian161
  • Audrey Geisel Chair in Biomedical Sciences, Salk Institute for Biological Studies162
  • Audrey Geisel Cancer Foundation163
  • Audrey S Geisel Managing Director, The Old Globe Theatre, San Diego164

See also

  • Biography portal
  • Dr. Seuss and Mr Geisel: A Biography (1995) Morgan, J. and Morgan N. Pub. Da Capo Press. ISBN 030680736X

References

  1. Morgan, Judith (1996). Dr. Seuss and Mr Geisel. New York, United States: Da Capo Press. p. 203. ISBN 0-306-80736-X. 0-306-80736-X ↩

  2. Brian Melley (2018-12-25). "She guarded Dr. Seuss's whimsical world". Star Tribune. Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. p. A12. https://www.newspapers.com/image/515747527/?terms=%22Audrey%20Dimond%22&match=1 ↩

  3. Morgan, Judith (1996). Dr. Seuss and Mr Geisel. New York, United States: Da Capo Press. p. 203. ISBN 0-306-80736-X. 0-306-80736-X ↩

  4. Morgan, Judith (1996). Dr. Seuss and Mr Geisel. New York, United States: Da Capo Press. p. 203. ISBN 0-306-80736-X. 0-306-80736-X ↩

  5. "Audrey and Theodor Seuss Geisel". geiselmed.dartmouth.edu. Retrieved 2023-05-03. https://geiselmed.dartmouth.edu/about/geisels/www.dartmouth.edu/ ↩

  6. Morgan, Judith (1996). Dr. Seuss and Mr Geisel. New York, United States: Da Capo Press. p. 204. ISBN 0-306-80736-X. 0-306-80736-X ↩

  7. Morgan, Judith (1996). Dr. Seuss and Mr. Geisel. New York, United States: Da Capo Press. p. 228. ISBN 0-306-80736-X. 0-306-80736-X ↩

  8. "Sets nuptials Easter". The Indianapolis Star. 1945-03-27. p. 6 – via Newspapers.com. https://www.newspapers.com/image/104937431/?article=26195e2f-e81e-4eb7-8c82-ebd9488f6a7f&focus=0.747357,0.043849308,0.980845,0.3060187&xid=3398&_gl=1*18ja9wn*_ga*MTU1MzA2NTMxMi4xNjgwNzg4ODk4*_ga_4QT8FMEX30*NGViNjlmMDYtZGNhMS00Y2JlLTlhMjctZjNjNzQ2ODAwNWZjLjIwLjEuMTY4MzU1MTMzNS40Ni4wLjA. ↩

  9. Brian Melley (2018-12-25). "She guarded Dr. Seuss's whimsical world". Star Tribune. Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. p. A12. https://www.newspapers.com/image/515747527/?terms=%22Audrey%20Dimond%22&match=1 ↩

  10. Morgan, Judith (1996). Dr. Seuss and Mr Geisel. New York, United States: Da Capo Press. p. 204. ISBN 0-306-80736-X. 0-306-80736-X ↩

  11. Morgan, Judith (1996). Dr. Seuss and Mr Geisel. New York, United States: Da Capo Press. p. 203. ISBN 0-306-80736-X. 0-306-80736-X ↩

  12. Kelly, Ray (18 January 2019). "Dr. Seuss stepdaughter seeks to set record straight about Theodor Geisel, love of children". masslive. https://www.masslive.com/news/2019/01/dr-seuss-stepdaughter-seeks-to-set-record-straight-about-theodor-geisel-love-of-children.html ↩

  13. Bravo, Christina (2022-08-16). "Take a Look Inside Dr. Seuss' La Jolla Home Before it Sells For The 1st Time in 70 Years". NBC 7 San Diego. Retrieved 2024-12-30. https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/local/take-a-look-inside-dr-seuss-la-jolla-home-before-it-sells-for-the-1st-time-in-70-years/3024517/ ↩

  14. "For subscribers: UC San Diego plans to sell the storybook home of 'Dr. Seuss' author Theodor Geisel". Los Angeles Times. 2022-06-25. Retrieved 2024-12-30. https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2022-06-25/uc-san-diego-home-geisel ↩

  15. Michael J Bandler (20 November 1994). "Wearing the hat". Chicagotribune.com. Retrieved 2023-06-06. https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1994-11-20-9411200452-story.html ↩

  16. Brian Melley (2018-12-25). "She guarded Dr. Seuss's whimsical world". Star Tribune. Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. p. A12. https://www.newspapers.com/image/515747527/?terms=%22Audrey%20Dimond%22&match=1 ↩

  17. Staff reports (2018-12-21). "Audrey Geisel, caretaker of the Dr. Seuss literary estate, dies at 97". The Washington Post. Washington, United States. https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/audrey-geisel-caretaker-of-the-dr-seuss-literary-estate-dies-at-97/2018/12/21/188c5810-054e-11e9-9122-82e98f91ee6f_story.html ↩

  18. IC (1986-07-13). "Hmmph? Dr. Seuss writing for adults?". Miami Herald. Miami, Florida, United States. p. 896. https://www.newspapers.com/image/631250601/?terms=%22Audrey%20Dimond%22&match=1 ↩

  19. Wadler, Joyce (November 29, 2000). "PUBLIC LIVES; Mrs. Seuss Hears a Who, and Tells About It". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-05-28. https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A0DE7D7143DF93AA15752C1A9669C8B63 ↩

  20. Morgan, Judith (1996). Dr. Seuss and Mr Geisel. New York, United States: Da Capo Press. p. 201. ISBN 0-306-80736-X. 0-306-80736-X ↩

  21. Morgan, Judith (1996). Dr. Seuss and Mr Geisel. New York, United States: Da Capo Press. p. 201. ISBN 0-306-80736-X. 0-306-80736-X ↩

  22. Morgan, Judith (1996). Dr. Seuss and Mr. Geisel. New York, United States: Da Capo Press. p. 202. ISBN 0-306-80736-X. 0-306-80736-X ↩

  23. Tom Blair (February 2004). "Dialogue". San Diego Magazine (Volume 56, Number 4 ed.). San Diego, California, United States: Curt Co. p. 46. ↩

  24. Levine, Stuart (2006). America's best newspaper writing: collection of ASNE prizewinners. Boston, United States: St Martins. p. 169. ISBN 0-312-44367-6. 0-312-44367-6 ↩

  25. Brian Melley (2018-12-22). "Audrey Geisel, widow and promoter of Dr. Seuss, dies". Aruba Today. Aruba, United States. p. 6. https://archive.org/details/BNA-DIG-ARUBATODAY-2018-12-22/page/n5/mode/2up?q=%22Audrey+Geisel%22 ↩

  26. Joyce Walder (2000-12-10). "Remembering Dr. Seuss and his grinch". The Courier-Journal. Kentucky, United States. p. 45. https://www.newspapers.com/image/111482702/?terms=%22Audrey%20Dimond%22&match=1 ↩

  27. Kelly, Ray (18 January 2019). "Dr. Seuss stepdaughter seeks to set record straight about Theodor Geisel, love of children". masslive. https://www.masslive.com/news/2019/01/dr-seuss-stepdaughter-seeks-to-set-record-straight-about-theodor-geisel-love-of-children.html ↩

  28. Joyce Walder (2000-12-10). "Remembering Dr. Seuss and his grinch". The Courier-Journal. Kentucky, United States. p. 45. https://www.newspapers.com/image/111482702/?terms=%22Audrey%20Dimond%22&match=1 ↩

  29. Morgan, Judith (1996). Dr. Seuss and Mr Geisel. New York, United States: Da Capo Press. p. 207. ISBN 0-306-80736-X. 0-306-80736-X ↩

  30. Morgan, Judith (1996). Dr. Seuss and Mr Geisel. New York, United States: Da Capo Press. p. 223. ISBN 0-306-80736-X. 0-306-80736-X ↩

  31. Morgan, Judith (1996). Dr. Seuss and Mr Geisel. New York, United States: Da Capo Press. p. 232. ISBN 0-306-80736-X. 0-306-80736-X ↩

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