Bell Textron Inc. is an American aerospace manufacturer headquartered in Fort Worth, Texas. A subsidiary of Textron, Bell manufactures military rotorcraft at facilities in Fort Worth, and Amarillo, Texas, United States as well as commercial helicopters in Mirabel, Quebec, Canada.
History
Bell Aircraft
Main article: Bell Aircraft
The company was founded on July 10, 1935, as Bell Aircraft Corporation by Lawrence Dale Bell in Buffalo, New York. The company focused on the designing and building of fighter aircraft. Their first fighters were the XFM-1 Airacuda, a twin-engine fighter for attacking bombers, and the P-39 Airacobra. The P-59 Airacomet, the first American jet fighter, the P-63 Kingcobra, the successor to the P-39, and the Bell X-1 were also Bell products.1
In 1941, Bell hired Arthur M. Young, a talented inventor, to provide expertise for helicopter research and development. It was the foundation for what Bell hoped would be a broader economic base for his company that was not dependent on government contracts. The Bell 30 was their first full-size helicopter (first flight December 29, 1942) and the Bell 47 became the first helicopter in the world rated by a civil aviation authority, becoming a civilian and military success.2 Due to its burgeoning success, the helicopter division relocated as a separate unit to Hurst, Texas in 1951.
Bell Helicopter
Textron purchased Bell Aerospace in 1960. Bell Aerospace was composed of three divisions of Bell Aircraft Corporation, including its helicopter division, which had become its only division still producing complete aircraft. The helicopter division was renamed Bell Helicopter Company and in a few years, with the success of the UH-1 Huey during the Vietnam War, it had established itself as the largest division of Textron. In January 1976, Textron changed the division's name to Bell Helicopter Textron.3
Bell Helicopter had a close association with AgustaWestland. The partnership dated back to separate manufacturing and technology agreements with Agusta (Bell 47 and Bell 206) and as a sublicence via Agusta with Westland (Bell 47).4 When the two European firms merged, the partnerships were retained, with the exception of the AB139, which is now known as the AW139. Bell and AW cooperated also on the AW609 tiltrotor.5
Bell planned to reduce employment by 760 in 2014 as fewer V-22s were made.6 A rapid prototyping center called XworX assists Bell's other divisions in reducing development time.7
The company was rebranded as "Bell" on February 22, 2018.8
Product list
Established in 1986, its Mirabel, Quebec facility assembles and delivers most of Bell's commercial helicopters and delivered its 5,000th helicopter on December 12, 2017.9
Commercial helicopters
| Model | Intro. | Until | MTOW (lb/t) | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bell 47 | 1946 | 1974 | 2,950 | 1.34 | based on the Bell 30 prototype, piston engine |
| Bell 47J Ranger | 1956 | 1967 | 2,950 | 1.34 | Bell 47 executive variant |
| Bell 204/205 | 1959 | 1980s | 9,500 | 4.31 | Huey family civil variant, single turboshaft |
| Bell 206 | 1967 | 2017 | 3,200 | 1.45 | light single or twin turboshaft |
| Bell 210 | ? | ? | 11,200 | 5.08 | 205B |
| Bell 212 | 1968 | 1998 | 11,200 | 5.08 | Civilian UH-1N Twin Huey |
| Bell 214 | 1972 | 1981 | 15,000 | 6.8 | larger Huey |
| Bell 214ST | 1982 | 1993 | 17,500 | 7.94 | medium twin derived from the 214 |
| Bell 222/230 | 1979 | 1995 | 8,400 | 3.81 | light twin |
| Bell 407 | 1995 | current | 6,000 | 2.72 | four-blade single derived from the 206L-4 |
| Bell 412 | 1981 | current | 11,900 | 5.4 | four-blade 212 |
| Bell 427 | 2000 | 2010 | 6,550 | 2.97 | 407 derived light twin |
| Bell 429 GlobalRanger | 2009 | current | 7,000/7,500 | 3.2 | new light twin |
| Bell 430 | 1995 | 2008 | 9,300 | 4.22 | 230 stretch with 4 bladed rotor |
| Bell 525 Relentless | 2018 | current | 20,500 | 9.3 | in development |
| Bell 505 Jet Ranger X | 2017 | current | 3,680 | 1.67 | 206L4 drive and rotors |
| Bell Nexus | 2020 | current | [to be determined] | [to be determined] | pre-production hybrid-electric propulsion system with six tilting ducted fans101112 |
Gallery
Military helicopters
- Bell H-12
- Bell H-13 Sioux
- Bell XH-15
- Bell HSL
- Bell UH-1 Iroquois (or Huey)
- Bell UH-1N Twin Huey
- Bell YHO-4
- Bell 207 Sioux Scout – experimental attack helicopter
- Bell 533 – experimental Huey variant with increased performance
- Bell AH-1 Cobra
- Bell AH-1 SeaCobra/SuperCobra
- Bell 309 KingCobra - experimental attack helicopter
- YAH-63/Model 409 – competitor with the YAH-64 for Advanced Attack Helicopter program
- Bell OH-58 Kiowa
- H-1 upgrade program
- Bell CH-146 Griffon
- Bell ARH-70 Arapaho - cancelled armed reconnaissance helicopter
- Bell 360 Invictus - proposed armed reconnaissance helicopter
Tiltrotors
- Bell XV-3
- Bell XV-15
- Bell Pointer
- Bell V-247 Vigilant – currently in development
- Bell V-280 Valor – currently in development, first flown 2017
- V-22 Osprey – with Boeing BDS
- TR918 Eagle Eye UAV
- Quad TiltRotor – with Boeing BDS
- Bell BAT (1984 tiltrotor project for LHX programme – not built)
- Bell CTR-1900 (Tilt-rotor project only – not built)
- Bell CTR-22 (Tilt-rotor project only – not built)
- Bell CTR-750 (Tilt-rotor project only – not built)
- Bell CTR-800 (Tilt-rotor project only – not built)
- Bell D-326 (Clipper 1980 commercial tilt-rotor project – not built)
Projects produced by other companies
- AgustaWestland AW139 helicopter (formerly 50-50 as the Agusta-Bell AB139, now 100% AgustaWestland)
- AgustaWestland AW609 tiltrotor (formerly 50-50 as the Bell-Agusta BA609, now 100% AgustaWestland)
- Lockheed Martin VH-71 Kestrel
Unproduced designs
- Bell 280 (project only, twin-engined wide-body variant of the Cobra)
- Bell D-218
- Bell D-230 (Flying Jeep project – not built)
- Bell D-245
- Bell D-246
- Bell 400 TwinRanger (1984), cancelled 206-derived light twin
- Bell D-292 (1985), Light Helicopter Experimental (LHX) prototype
- Bell 417 (2006) cancelled Bell 407 growth variant
- Bell FCX-001, March 2017 concept
Facilities
Bell manufacturing and support facilities are:
Military- Fort Worth, Texas – located at six manufacturing facilities throughout the DFW area; of these six the Manufacturing Technology Center (MTC) in Fort Worth, Texas serves as the primary manufacturing development facility of the Bell V-280 Valor, Bell 360 Invictus13
- Amarillo, Texas: located near Rick Husband Amarillo International Airport; assembly plant for H1, V-2214 and 525
- Mirabel, Quebec, Canada: opened in 198315 and located next to Montreal-Mirabel International Airport; it produces components for Bell 407, 412, 429, 505 and 525; assembly plant and finally assembly for current commercial products (407, 412, 429, 505).
See also
- Aviation portal
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bell Helicopter.- Official website
- Bell timeline at the Helicopter History Site
- Video history of Bell Helicopter
- "Patents owned by Bell Helicopter Textron". US Patent and Trademark Office. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved December 5, 2005.
References
History of Bell Helicopter Archived June 3, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. bellhelicopter.com http://www.bellhelicopter.com/en/company/history.cfm ↩
History of Bell Helicopter Archived June 3, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. bellhelicopter.com http://www.bellhelicopter.com/en/company/history.cfm ↩
"Our History". Bell Training Academy. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20070927222718/http://www.bellhelicopter.com/en/training/index.cfm?content=about%2Fhistory.cfm&g_folder=header_4 ↩
"Westland History – Part 4". Archived from the original on November 7, 2006. Retrieved November 15, 2006. http://www.helis.com/timeline/westland4.php ↩
Oliver Johnson & Elan Head. "Bell CEO outlines European growth plan Archived May 21, 2024, at the Wayback Machine" Vertical, October 15, 2014. Accessed: October 21, 2014. http://www.verticalmag.com/news/article/BellCEOoutlinesEuropeangrowthplan ↩
Oliver Johnson & Elan Head. "Bell CEO outlines European growth plan Archived May 21, 2024, at the Wayback Machine" Vertical, October 15, 2014. Accessed: October 21, 2014. http://www.verticalmag.com/news/article/BellCEOoutlinesEuropeangrowthplan ↩
"Bell's XworX studying improved rotor blades". Aviation International News. Archived from the original on June 30, 2021. Retrieved October 21, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20210630153009/https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/aviation-international-news/2009-12-29/bells-xworx-studying-improved-rotor-blades ↩
"Bell Drops 'Helicopter,' Unveils New Dragonfly Logo". February 22, 2018. Archived from the original on February 23, 2018. Retrieved February 22, 2018. https://www.nbcdfw.com/news/business/Bell-Drops-Helicopter-Rebrands-Company-as-Tech-Company-Redefining-Flight-474868643.html ↩
Mark Huber (December 13, 2017). "Bell Canada Delivers 5,000th Civil Helicopter". AIN. Archived from the original on December 14, 2017. Retrieved December 14, 2017. https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/business-aviation/2017-12-13/bell-canada-delivers-5000th-civil-helicopter ↩
"StackPath". www.intelligent-aerospace.com. Archived from the original on June 27, 2021. Retrieved December 9, 2020. https://www.intelligent-aerospace.com/commercial/article/16543447/bell-helicopter-unveils-nexus-air-taxi-at-ces ↩
Goldstein, Michael. "Bell Nexus VTOL Air Taxi Makes A Splash At 2019 Consumer Electronics Show". Forbes. Archived from the original on February 2, 2019. Retrieved February 2, 2019. https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaelgoldstein/2019/01/14/bell-nexus-vtol-air-taxi-makes-a-splash-at-2019-consumer-electronics-show/ ↩
"Smithsonian To Reveal the Bell Nexus 'Air Taxi' at "FUTURES"". Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on November 29, 2021. Retrieved November 29, 2021. https://www.si.edu/newsdesk/releases/smithsonian-reveal-bell-nexus-air-taxi-futures ↩
"Bell Helicopter Expands Amarillo Manufacturing". news.bellflight.com. August 10, 2020. Archived from the original on November 20, 2022. Retrieved November 20, 2022. https://news.bellflight.com/en-US/190850-bell-unveils-new-manufacturing-technology-center ↩
"Bell Helicopter Expands Amarillo Manufacturing". www.newschannel10.com. August 12, 2008. Retrieved December 9, 2020. https://www.newschannel10.com/story/8823171/bell-helicopter-expands-amarillo-manufacturing ↩
Canada, Employment and Social Development (May 19, 2016). "Bell Helicopter Textron Canada relocates assembly program to Quebec". gcnws. Retrieved December 9, 2020. https://www.canada.ca/en/innovation-science-economic-development/news/2016/05/bell-helicopter-textron-canada-relocates-assembly-program-to-quebec.html ↩