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Borderline intellectual functioning
Medical condition

Borderline intellectual functioning, previously called borderline mental retardation (in the ICD-8), is a categorization of intelligence wherein a person has below average cognitive ability (generally an IQ of 70–85), but the deficit is not as severe as intellectual disability (below 70). It is sometimes called below average IQ (BAIQ). This is technically a cognitive impairment; however, this group may not be sufficiently mentally disabled to be eligible for specialized services.

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Codes

The DSM-IV-TR code of borderline intellectual functioning is V62.89.4 DSM-5 diagnosis codes are V62.89 and R41.83.5

Learning skills

During school years, individuals with borderline intellectual functioning are often "slow learners".6 Although a large percentage of this group fails to complete high school and can often achieve only a low socioeconomic status, most adults in this group blend in with the rest of the population.7

Differential diagnosis

According to the DSM-5, differentiating borderline intellectual functioning and mild intellectual disability requires careful assessment of adaptive and intellectual functions and their variations, especially in the presence of co-morbid psychiatric disorders that may affect patient compliance with standardized test (for example, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with severe impulsivity or schizophrenia).8

See also

Further reading

  • Gillberg, Christopher (1995). Clinical child neuropsychiatry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 47–48. ISBN 0-521-54335-5.
  • Harris, James C. (2006). Intellectual disability : understanding its development, causes, classification, evaluation, and treatment. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-517885-8.

References

  1. Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injures, and Causes of Death (PDF). Vol. 1. Geneva: World Health Organization. 1967. p. 154. http://psychiatr.ru/download/1481?view=1&name=1337.pdf ↩

  2. TP Alloway (May 2010). "Working memory and executive function profiles of individuals with borderline intellectual functioning". Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. 54 (5): 448–56. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2010.01281.x. PMID 20537050. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩

  3. The Best Test Preparation for the Advanced Placement Examination in Psychology, Research & Education Association. (2003), p. 99 ↩

  4. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. 2000. ISBN 0-89042-025-4. 0-89042-025-4 ↩

  5. American Psychiatric Association (2013). "Other Conditions That May Be a Focus of Clinical Attention". Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. p. 727. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596. ISBN 978-0-89042-559-6. 978-0-89042-559-6 ↩

  6. The Best Test Preparation for the Advanced Placement Examination in Psychology, Research & Education Association. (2003), p. 99 ↩

  7. The Best Test Preparation for the Advanced Placement Examination in Psychology, Research & Education Association. (2003), p. 99 ↩

  8. American Psychiatric Association (2013). "Other Conditions That May Be a Focus of Clinical Attention". Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. p. 727. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596. ISBN 978-0-89042-559-6. 978-0-89042-559-6 ↩