Surat Buhid is an abugida used to write the Buhid language. As a Brahmic script indigenous to the Philippines, it closely related to Baybayin and Hanunó'o. It is still used today by the Mangyans, found mainly on island of Mindoro, to write their language, Buhid, together with the Filipino latin script.
There are efforts to reinvigorate the use of Surat Buhid. Buhid script use varies across Northern (Bansud area) and Southern Buhid (Bongabong) communities.
Structure
The Buhid script has 18 independent characters; 15 are consonants and 3 vowels. As an abugida, there are additional diacritic vowels. Consonants have an inherent /a/ vowel. The other two vowels are indicated by a diacritic above (for /i/) or below (for /u/) the consonant. Depending on the consonant, ligatures are formed, changing the shape of the consonant-vowel combination.3 Vowels at the beginning of syllables are represented by their own, independent characters. Syllables ending in a consonant are written without the final consonant.4
Buhid syllables| vowels | consonants | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| independent | dependent | |||||||||||||||
| ᝀa | ᝃka | ᝄga | ᝅnga | ᝆta | ᝇda | ᝈna | ᝉpa | ᝊba | ᝋma | ᝌya | ᝍra | ᝎla | ᝏwa | ᝐsa | ᝑha | |
| ᝁi | ◌ᝒi | ᝃ + ◌ᝒᝃᝒki | ᝄ + ◌ᝒᝄᝒgi | ᝅ + ◌ᝒᝅᝒngi | ᝆ + ◌ᝒᝆᝒti | ᝇ + ◌ᝒᝇᝒdi | ᝈ + ◌ᝒᝈᝒni | ᝉ + ◌ᝒᝉᝒpi | ᝊ + ◌ᝒᝊᝒbi | ᝋ + ◌ᝒᝋᝒmi | ᝌ + ◌ᝒᝌᝒyi | ᝍ + ◌ᝒᝍᝒri | ᝎ + ◌ᝒᝎᝒli | ᝏ + ◌ᝒᝏᝒwi | ᝐ + ◌ᝒᝐᝒsi | ᝑ + ◌ᝒᝑᝒhi |
| ᝂu | ◌ᝓu | ᝃ + ◌ᝓᝃᝓku | ᝄ + ◌ᝓᝄᝓgu | ᝅ + ◌ᝓᝅᝓngu | ᝆ + ◌ᝓᝆᝓtu | ᝇ + ◌ᝓᝇᝓdu | ᝈ + ◌ᝓᝈᝓnu | ᝉ + ◌ᝓᝉᝓpu | ᝊ + ◌ᝓᝊᝓbu | ᝋ + ◌ᝓᝋᝓmu | ᝌ + ◌ᝓᝌᝓyu | ᝍ + ◌ᝓᝍᝓru | ᝎ + ◌ᝓᝎᝓlu | ᝏ + ◌ᝓᝏᝓwu | ᝐ + ◌ᝓᝐᝓsu | ᝑ + ◌ᝓᝑᝓhu |
The letter order of the Buhid alphabet Buhid, is based on phonetic principles that consider both the manner and place of articulation of the consonants and vowels they represent.
Buhid writing makes use of single ᜵ and double ᜶ danda punctuation marks.5
Unicode
Main article: Buhid (Unicode block)
Buhid script was added to the Unicode Standard in March, 2002 with the release of version 3.2.
The Unicode block for Buhid is U+1740–U+175F:
| Buhid[1][2]Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | ||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
| U+174x | ᝀ | ᝁ | ᝂ | ᝃ | ᝄ | ᝅ | ᝆ | ᝇ | ᝈ | ᝉ | ᝊ | ᝋ | ᝌ | ᝍ | ᝎ | ᝏ |
| U+175x | ᝐ | ᝑ | ᝒ | ᝓ | ||||||||||||
| Notes1.^ As of Unicode version 16.02.^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points | ||||||||||||||||
See also
External links
- About Buhid in omniglot.com
References
Catapang, Emerenciana (2014). "Reviving the Hanunoo and Buhid Mangyan syllabic scripts of the Philippines" (PDF). Proceedings of the International Workshop on Endangered Scripts of Island Southeast Asia. https://lingdy.aa-ken.jp/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/140227-intl-symp-and-ws_emerenciana_lorenzo_catapang_paper.pdf ↩
"Buhid". Mangyan Heritage Center. Archived from the original on 2020-11-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20201101074538/http://www.mangyan.org/content/buhid ↩
"Chapter 17: Indonesia and Oceania" (PDF). Unicode Consortium. March 2020. https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode13.0.0/ch17.pdf ↩
Everson, Michael (1998-11-23). "N1933 Revised proposal for encoding the Philippine scripts in the UCS" (PDF). /wiki/Michael_Everson ↩
"Chapter 17: Indonesia and Oceania" (PDF). Unicode Consortium. March 2020. https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode13.0.0/ch17.pdf ↩