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Comparison of Java virtual machines
List article

Version information

NameCreatorFirst public releaseLatest stable versionLatest release dateCost, availabilityLicense
Eclipse OpenJ9 (formerly IBM J9)IBM15 Mar 201810.49.02 6 February 2025; 2 months ago (6 February 2025)FreeEclipse Public License 2.0Apache License 2.0
GCJGNU6 September 19986.4 (Terminal)4 July 2017FreeGPL version 2 or later, with the "libgcc exception"3
GraalVMOracleMay 2019Oracle GraalVM for JDK 244 18 March 2025; 25 days ago (18 March 2025)FreeGPL version 2 only
HotSpot, OpenJDK editionSun Microsystems, Oracle27 April 1999jdk-1616 March 2021FreeGPL version 2 only
HotSpot, Oracle JDK editionSun Microsystems, Oracle27 April 1999jdk 1616 March 2021FreeProprietary
HotSpot, Java SE embedded editionSun Microsystems, Oracle27 April 1999??CommercialProprietary5
HotSpot, Zero portGary Benson6???FreeGPL version 2 only
IKVMJeroen Frijters28 June 20048.11.27 10 March 2025; 33 days ago (10 March 2025)Freezlib License8
JAmigaPeter Werno, Joakim Nordström19 May 200591.26 January 2014FreeGPL version 2 or later
JamVMRobert Lougher13 March 20032.0.030 July 2014FreeGPL version 2 or later
Jato VMPekka Enberg and contributors10?0.3114 January 201212FreeGPL version 2 only13
JC virtual machineArchie L. Cobbs?1.4.713 November 2005FreeLGPL version 2.1 or later
Jikes RVMIBM14 October 20013.1.41418 February 201615FreeEclipse Public License version 1.016
KaffeTransvirtual Technologies19961.1.922 February 2008FreeGPL version 2 or later17
Mysaifu JVM?16 April 2005180.4.8195 March 201020FreeGPL version 2 only21
SableVMSable Research Group?1.1330 March 200722FreeLGPL version 2.1 or later

Technical information

JVMStatusLatest supported Java versionSupported class librariesPerformance
GNU ClasspathOpenJDKOtherInterpretationAOTJIT
GCJNo longer maintained or distributed by GNU as of GCC 723?YesNoYesYesNo
HotSpot, OpenJDK editionReference implementation.1.8NoYesYesNoYes
HotSpot, Oracle JDK editionReference implementation.1.8NoYesYesNoYes
HotSpot, Java SE embedded edition?NoYesYesNoYes
HotSpot, Zero portInterpreter-only port of OpenJDK using almost no assembly language and designed to be very portable.1.7NoYesYesNoNo
IKVM???Whatever the .NET runtime uses
JAmiga1.424Yes25NoYes26NoNo
JamVM1.827Yes28Yes29Yes30NoYes31
Jato VM1.632Yes33No34No35No36Yes37
JC virtual machineTranslates Java to C and compiles it with a C compiler.1.438Yes39NoYes40Yes41Yes42
Jikes RVM1.643Yes44Port4546Apache Harmony47No48?Yes
Kaffe1.449Yes50NoYes51No52Yes53
Mysaifu JVM?Yes54NoYes55No56No57
SableVMUnmaintained1.4YesNoYesNoNo

Supported CPU architectures

JVMx86x86-64SPARCMIPSItaniumPower ISAARMAlphaS/390z/Architecturem68k
GCJYes58Yes59Yes60Yes61Yes62Yes63Yes64Yes65Yes66No67No68
HotSpot, OpenJDK editionYes69Yes70Solaris only71Port7273No74PowerPC/AIX port75Yes76No77No78No79No80
HotSpot, Oracle JDK editionYes81Yes82Solaris only83No84Java 1.685No86Yes87No88No89No90No91
HotSpot, Java SE embedded editionYes92Yes93Yes94??Yes95Yes96????
HotSpot, Zero portYes97Yes98No99Yes100Yes101Yes102Yes103Yes104No105Yes106No107
IKVMAny architecture with a .NET framework.
JAmiga??NoNoNoYesNoNoNoNoYes
JamVMYes108Yes109Yes110Yes111No112Yes113Yes114No115No116No117No118
Jato VMYes119Under development120NoNoNoUnder development121Preliminary ARMv5 support122NoNoNoNo
JC virtual machineYesNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
Jikes RVMYes123No124No125No126No127Yes128No129No130No131No132No133
KaffeYes134Yes135Yes136Yes137Yes138Yes139Yes140Yes141Yes142No143Yes144
Mysaifu JVMNo145No146No147No148No149No150Yes151No152No153No154No155
SableVMYes156YesYes157YesYes158Yes159Yes160Yes161Yes162No163Yes164

Supported operating systems

JVMWindowsLinuxFreeBSDNetBSDOpenBSDSolarisOpenSolarisDarwinmacOSiOSBeOSHaikuAIXIRIXOS/2Windows MobileAmigaOSOther
GCJYes165Yes166Yes167??Yes168?Yes169Yes170????Yes171?No172No173DEC OSF 4.0f and 5.1, Hitachi SH-3/4 micro-controller174
HotSpot, OpenJDK editionYes175 (distributed as source code)YesPort176Port177Port178YesYes179?Yes180NoNoPort181Port182NoPort183NoNo
HotSpot, Oracle JDK editionYes184Yes185NoNoNoYes186??Yes187NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
HotSpot, Java SE embedded editionYes188Yes189No190No191No192Yes193?194No195No196No197No198No199No200No201No202No203No204
HotSpot, Zero portNo205206Yes207208No209210No211212No213214No215216No217218No219220No221222No223224No225226No227228No229230No231232No233234No235236No237238
IKVMAny operating system with a .NET framework
JAmigaNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoYes
JamVMNo239Yes240Yes241No242Yes243Yes244Yes245Yes246Yes247On Jailbroken iPhone248No249No250No251No252No253No254No255kFreeBSD
Jato VMNo256Yes257No258No259No260No261No262Under development263?264No265No266No267No268No269No270No271No272
JC virtual machineNoYesYesNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
Jikes RVMNo273Yes274No275No276No277No278No279No280Yes281No282No283No284Yes285No286No287No288No289
KaffeUsing Cygwin290Yes291Yes292Yes293Yes294Yes295?Yes296Yes297No298Yes299No300Yes301Yes302No303No304YesMany others305
Mysaifu JVMNo306No307No308No309No310No311No312No313No314No315No316No317No318No319No320Yes321No322
SableVMUsing Cygwin323Yes324Yes325?????Yes326????????

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