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Craig McCracken
American cartoonist and animator

Craig McCracken (born March 31, 1971) is a renowned American cartoonist, animator, and producer best known for creating Cartoon Network's The Powerpuff Girls and Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends, as well as Disney Channel and Disney XD's Wander Over Yonder, and Netflix's Kid Cosmic. Regarded as "one of the most successful creators of episodic comedy cartoons," his innovative style helped define a second wave of creator-driven animation in the 1990s alongside peers like Genndy Tartakovsky, making him a staple of modern American animated television.

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Early life and education

McCracken was born on March 31, 1971,56 in Charleroi, Pennsylvania to Eva (née Pfile), a community college art instructor and Norman "Herk" McCracken, who died when McCracken was 7.7 They relocated to Southern California shortly after Norman's death. He began drawing at an early age. He attended California High School in Whittier, California, and the California Institute of the Arts (CalArts), where he met his friend and future collaborator, Genndy Tartakovsky. During his first year, he created a series of short cartoons featuring a character named No Neck Joe, which were picked up by Spike and Mike's Sick and Twisted Festival of Animation.8910 While at CalArts, he also created a short entitled Whoopass Stew!, which would later become the basis for The Powerpuff Girls.1112

Career

In 1993, McCracken was hired by Hanna-Barbera Cartoons as an art director on the Turner Broadcasting System series 2 Stupid Dogs, alongside Tartakovsky. As his first job in the animation industry, he was "never really happy with how that [show] worked".13 While McCracken was at Hanna-Barbera, studio president Fred Seibert began a new project: an animation incubator consisting of 48 new cartoons running approximately seven minutes each. Dubbed What a Cartoon!, it motivated McCracken to further develop his Whoopass Girls! creation.14 He recalled that the network could not market a show with the word "ass" in it, so two of his friends came up with The Powerpuff Girls as a replacement for the original title.15 His new pilot, "The Powerpuff Girls in: Meat Fuzzy Lumkins", premiered on February 20, 1995, on Cartoon Network's World Premiere Toons-In,16 and a second short, "Crime 101", followed on January 28, 1996. The first short to be picked up by the network was Tartakovsky's Dexter's Laboratory, which McCracken would contribute to in early seasons. McCracken's Powerpuff Girls was the fourth cartoon to be greenlit a full series, which premiered on November 18, 1998, with the final episode airing on March 25, 2005. The show has won Emmy17 and Annie awards.18 In 2002, McCracken directed The Powerpuff Girls Movie, a prequel to his series. The film received generally positive reviews but was a box office failure.1920

McCracken left The Powerpuff Girls after four seasons, focusing on his next project, Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends.21 It premiered with the 90-minute television special "House of Bloo's" on August 13, 2004, on Cartoon Network. He developed the series with wife Lauren Faust and Mike Moon. The show ran for six seasons, all directed by McCracken, and concluded on May 3, 2009. It also won Emmy22 and Annie awards.23

In April 2008, he became executive producer of a new Cartoon Network showcase project called The Cartoonstitute.24 After 17 years of employment, he resigned from Cartoon Network in 2009, after it shifted focus to live-action and reality shows.25 He created Wander Over Yonder for Disney Television Animation and Disney Channel in August 2013.26 After Wander Over Yonder was cancelled, McCracken pitched a new show to Disney, based on his 2009 comic strip The Kid from Planet Earth.2728 Disney ultimately passed on the project,29 and he eventually left the company in 2017.30 He then pitched his idea to Netflix and it was greenlight under the name of Kid Cosmic. The show premiered on February 2, 2021, and ended on February 3, 2022.3132 It is the first of McCracken's original works to have a serialized format and his return to the superhero genre since The Powerpuff Girls.3334 He pitched 10 projects to Netflix in August 2021,35 but eventually left by April 2022 due to mass layoffs at Netflix Animation.3637

On July 18, 2022, it was announced that McCracken began developing reboots of The Powerpuff Girls and Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends at Hanna-Barbera Studios Europe. Foster's Home will take form in a pre-school show focused on new characters.38 In 2023, McCracken received the Winsor McCay Award at the Annie Awards ceremony for his "unparalleled achievement and exceptional contributions to animation".39 The Hollywood Reporter also named him one of the most powerful people in kids entertainment, in pair with Lauren Faust.40

Style and influences

Since his early years of career, McCracken has chosen to design characters in a simplistic way (as opposed to the realism of Warner Bros. or Disney feature films) because it is more practical for television production, as money and time limits what the animators can do.41 In addition to this, he claimed that the crew at Hanna-Barbera wanted their shows "to be different than what was on Nick and Disney".42 Some of his main inspirations were comic book artists such as Charles M. Schulz, Bill Watterson and Hergé.43 All of his series have had diverse influences in terms of design, comedy and storytelling. To mention some: 1960s Batman, Underdog and Rocky and Bullwinkle in The Powerpuff Girls,44 The Muppet Show, Sesame Street and SpongeBob SquarePants in Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends (which also has a visual style inspired by 60s psychedelia),4546 Yellow Submarine and Looney Tunes in Wander Over Yonder,47 and Dennis the Menace and The Adventures of Tintin in Kid Cosmic.48

During his time at CalArts, he discovered the cartoons of United Productions of America (UPA), which also heavily influenced the visual style of his creations.49 His shows often present the underdog as the main focus.50 For example, Kid Cosmic is about a group of "punk rock" characters who "may not have the skill or the talent, but they have the determination and conviction" to create a superhero team.51 Foster's also revolves around a group of misfit creatures that have been abandoned by their original owners.5253 Although the Powerpuff Girls are not typical underdogs, the fact that they are little girls might make people underestimate them as superheroes.54 He also liked to present "the contrast of cute characters being strong and tough".55 Although the Powerpuff Girls have been widely regarded as feminist icons, McCracken has claimed that the real background for their creation was finding "a fun idea" or "a cool concept".56

Personal life

McCracken married animator Lauren Faust on March 13, 2004. Faust took maternity leave in mid-2016 to take care of their newborn daughter, Quinn.57

Filmography

Films
YearTitleRole
1991No Neck JoeCreator, director, writer, and animator (made in 1990, copyright date 1991)
1992Whoopass Stew!Creator, director, writer, and animator
1999Dexter's Laboratory: Ego TripStory
2002The Powerpuff Girls MovieCreator, director, story, writer, executive producer, storyboard artist, character designer, and character layout
2009The Powerpuff Girls Rule!!!Creator, Writer, Story, director, executive producer, story editor, storyboard artist, and character designer
Television
YearTitleRole
1993–19952 Stupid DogsArt director
1995Space Ghost Coast to CoastHimself (Episode: "President's Day Nightmare")
1995–1997What a Cartoon!Writer, director, and art director
1995–1996Dumb and DumberCharacter designer
1996–2003Dexter's LaboratoryDirector,58 art director, model designer, and storyboard artist
1998–2005The Powerpuff GirlsCreator, story, executive producer, writer, storyboard artist, recording director, and director (1998-2002; 2008)
2004–2009Foster's Home for Imaginary FriendsCreator, executive producer, art director, character designer, developer, story, writer, storyboard artist, director, and story editor
2007Diggs Tailwagger: Galactic RoverExecutive creative consultant
Enter Mode 5
2008Uncle GrandpaExecutive producer (Episode: "Pilot")
2009ChowderStory and storyboard artist (Episode: "The Birthday Suits")
Regular ShowExecutive producer (Episode: "Pilot")
2013–2016Wander Over Yonder59Creator, writer, storyboard artist (2013), director (2013), story, character designer, executive producer, and additional voices
2021–2022Kid CosmicCreator, executive producer, story, writer, storyboard artist, character designer, director

Awards and nominations

DateAwardCategoryWorkShared withResultRef
1996Primetime Emmy AwardsOutstanding Animated Program (for Programming One Hour or Less)Dexter's Laboratory (for "The Big Sister")Larry Huber, Genndy Tartakovsky, and Paul RudishNominated60
1997Primetime Emmy AwardsOutstanding Animated Program (for Programming One Hour or Less)Dexter's Laboratory (for "Star Spangled Sidekicks", "TV Super Pals", and "Game Over")Sherry Gunther, Larry Huber, Genndy Tartakovsky, and Jason Butler RoteNominated61
1999Primetime Emmy AwardsOutstanding Animated Program (For Programming One Hour or Less)The Powerpuff Girls (for "Bubblevicious" and "The Bare Facts")John McIntyre, Amy Keating Rogers, Jason Butler Rote, and Genndy TartakovskyNominated62
2000Primetime Emmy AwardsOutstanding Animated Program (For Programming One Hour or Less)The Powerpuff Girls (for "Beat Your Greens" and "Down 'N Dirty")Robert Alvarez, John McIntyre, Randy Myers, Amy Keating Rogers, and Genndy TartakovskyNominated63
2001Primetime Emmy AwardsOutstanding Animated Program (For Programming Less Than One Hour)The Powerpuff Girls (for "Moral Decay" and "Meet the Beat Alls")Robert Alvarez, Lauren Faust, John McIntyre, Amy Keating Rogers, and Genndy TartakovskyNominated6465
2004Primetime Emmy AwardsOutstanding Animated Program (For Programming One Hour or More)The Powerpuff Girls (for "'Twas the Fight Before Christmas")Robert Alvarez, Lauren Faust, Juli Hashiguchi, Craig Lewis, John McIntyre, Brian A. Miller, Randy Myers, Amy Keating Rogers, Chris Savino, James Tim WalkerNominated66
2005Annie AwardsBest Production Design in an Animated Television ProductionFoster's Home for Imaginary Friends (for "A Lost Claus")Mike Moon, Dave Dunnet, and Martin AnsolabehereWon67
Annie AwardsBest Directing in an Animated Television ProductionFoster's Home for Imaginary Friends (for "Duchess of Wails")—Nominated68
Primetime Emmy AwardsOutstanding Individual Achievement in AnimationFoster's Home for Imaginary Friends (for "House of Bloo's")—Won6970
2006Annie AwardsBest Directing in an Animated Television ProductionFoster's Home for Imaginary Friends (for "Bus the Two of Us")—Nominated71
Primetime Emmy AwardsOutstanding Animated Program (for Programming Less Than One Hour)Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends (for "Go Goo Go")Brian A. Miller, Lauren Faust, Jennifer Pelphrey, Vince Aniceto, Robert Alvarez, Eric PringleNominated7273
2007Primetime Emmy AwardsOutstanding Animated Program (For Programming One Hour or More)Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends (for "Good Wilt Hunting")Brian A. Miller, Jennifer Pelphrey, Lauren Faust, Vince Aniceto, Michelle Papandrew, Darrick Bachman, Craig Lewis, Robert Alvarez, Eric Pringle, Robert CullenNominated7475
2008Annie AwardsDirecting in an Animated Television Production or Short FormFoster's Home for Imaginary Friends (for Destination: Imagination)Rob RenzettiNominated76
2009Primetime Emmy AwardsOutstanding Animated Program (For Programming One Hour or More)Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends (for Destination: Imagination)Jennifer Pelphrey, Michelle Papandrew, Tim McKeon, Ed Baker, Alex Kirwan, Robert Alvarez, Brian A. Miller, Ryan Slater, Lauren Faust, Darrick Bachman, Vaughn Tada, Rob Renzetti, Eric PringleWon77
2010Primetime Emmy AwardsOutstanding Short-Format Animated ProgramUncle Grandpa (for "Pilot")Peter Browngardt, Janet Dimon, Robert Alvarez, Rob Renzetti, Brian A. Miller, Jennifer Pelphrey, and Rob SorcherNominated78
2014Annie AwardsOutstanding Achievement, Character Design in an Animated TV/Broadcast ProductionWander Over Yonder—Nominated79
2015Primetime Emmy AwardsOutstanding Short-Format Animated ProgramWander Over Yonder (for "The Gift 2: The Giftening")Francisco Angones, Amy Higgins, Lauren Faust, Ben Joseph, Johanna Stein, Dave Thomas, Eddie TriguerosNominated80
2022Annie AwardsBest Character Design - TV/MediaKid Cosmic (for "Kid Cosmic and the Rings of Power!")—Nominated81
Annie AwardsWinsor McCay Award——Won82
Children's and Family Emmy AwardsIndividual Achievement in AnimationKid Cosmic—Won83
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References

  1. McCracken, Craig [@CrackMcCraigen] (April 10, 2024). "My middle name's not Douglas, I'll tell you that" (Tweet) – via Twitter. ↩

  2. Baron, Reuben (January 20, 2021). "The Powerpuff Girls' Craig McCracken Talks Entering the Streaming Age with Kid Cosmic". CBR.com. Archived from the original on January 20, 2021. Retrieved January 25, 2021. https://www.cbr.com/craig-mccracken-kid-cosmic-interview/ ↩

  3. Lloyd, Robert (February 2, 2021). "Now at Netflix, 'Powerpuff Girls' Creator Savors Freedom: 'Wait. We Can Do This Now?'". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on September 5, 2021. Retrieved September 5, 2023. https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/tv/story/2021-02-02/powerpuff-girls-craig-mccracken-kid-cosmic-netfix ↩

  4. Maher, John (February 2, 2021). "Two Decades After The Powerpuff Girls, a New Superpowered Kid Learns Some Big Lessons". Vulture. Archived from the original on February 2, 2021. Retrieved February 22, 2021. https://www.vulture.com/article/kid-cosmic-craig-mccracken-interview.html ↩

  5. @TheCartoonBase (March 31, 2024). "Happy 53rd Birthday to the talented Craig McCracken. What's your favorite series from the creator?" (Tweet) – via Twitter. https://x.com/TheCartoonBase/status/1774551258864452005 ↩

  6. McCracken, Craig [@CrackMcCraigen] (April 1, 2023). "Thank you for all the happy birthday well wishes. Winding the evening down watching classic CN cartoons, like Chowder which was recently discovered by our daughter. Her mom, @Fyre_flye are so proud!" (Tweet). Archived from the original on June 12, 2023. Retrieved June 7, 2024 – via Twitter. ↩

  7. "Obituary for Eva Lynn McCracken". Hogan-Melenyzer Funeral Home. Hogan-Melenyzer Funeral Home. Retrieved July 1, 2025. https://www.schrock-hogan.com/obituary/EvaLynn-McCracken ↩

  8. The Powerpuff Girls: Who, What, Where, How, Why... Who Cares?. 2009. ↩

  9. Lenburg, Jeff (2006). Who's Who in Animated Cartoons: An International Guide to Film & Television's Award-Winning and Legendary Animators. Hal Leonard. p. 231. ISBN 978-1-55783-671-7. Retrieved May 31, 2011. tartakovsky calarts. 978-1-55783-671-7 ↩

  10. "Spike and Mike's – A Brief History". SpikeandMike.com. July 3, 2011. Archived from the original on July 3, 2011. Retrieved January 14, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20110703084323/http://spikeandmike.com/sitepages/press.php ↩

  11. The Powerpuff Girls: Who, What, Where, How, Why... Who Cares?. 2009. ↩

  12. Lenburg, Jeff (2006). Who's Who in Animated Cartoons: An International Guide to Film & Television's Award-Winning and Legendary Animators. Hal Leonard. p. 231. ISBN 978-1-55783-671-7. Retrieved May 31, 2011. tartakovsky calarts. 978-1-55783-671-7 ↩

  13. Plume, Ken (June 26, 2002). "10 Questions: Craig McCracken". IGN. News Corporation. Archived from the original on August 4, 2002. Retrieved March 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20020804022912/http://filmforce.ign.com/articles/363/363366p1.html ↩

  14. "Animator Profile: 'Craig McCracken'". CartoonNetwork.com. Archived from the original on March 10, 2007. Retrieved March 26, 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20070310030357/http://www.cartoonnetwork.com/tv_shows/ap/cmccracken.html ↩

  15. Rawson, Christopher (November 14, 1998). "Three Tough Sisters". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. p. 60. Archived from the original on March 4, 2022. Retrieved March 4, 2022 – via Newspapers.com. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/94622924/three-tough-sisters/ ↩

  16. Winfrey, Lee (December 27, 1994). "From Hanna-Barbera, 8 New Cartoons for Cable the Cartoon Network's New Stable of Stars Includes Two Ducks, Two Bears, and Even Dino of "Flintstones" Fame". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Philadelphia Media Network. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved May 12, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002247/http://articles.philly.com/1994-12-27/entertainment/25853819_1_world-premiere-toons-johnny-bravo-famous-cartoon-characters ↩

  17. "The Powerpuff Girls | Emmys.com". Emmys.com. Archived from the original on October 17, 2022. Retrieved November 4, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20221017031414/https://www.emmys.com/404-search?search_api_views_fulltext=node%2022291 ↩

  18. "29th Annual Annie Award Nominees and Winners (2001)". AnnieAwards.org. ASIFA-Hollywood. Archived from the original on May 9, 2008. Retrieved November 4, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20080509071145/http://annieawards.org/29thwinners.html ↩

  19. Longino, Bob. "The Powerpuff Girls Movie". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived from the original on January 16, 2014. Retrieved March 15, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20140116094053/http://mo.accessatlanta.com/movies/content/shared/movies/reviews/P/thepowerpuffgirlsmovie.html ↩

  20. Gray, Brandon (July 8, 2002). "Same Weekend. New Record. 'Men in Black 2' Bags $87 Million over Fourth of July Weekend". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on June 2, 2021. Retrieved March 15, 2018. https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed628360196/ ↩

  21. The Powerpuff Girls: Who, What, Where, How, Why... Who Cares?. 2009. ↩

  22. "Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends | Emmys.com". Emmys.com. Archived from the original on June 6, 2012. Retrieved November 4, 2011. http://www.emmys.com/shows/fosters-home-imaginary-friends ↩

  23. "34th Annual Annie Award Nominees and Winners (2006)". AnnieAwards.org. ASIFA-Hollywood. Archived from the original on January 29, 2009. Retrieved November 4, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20090129175920/http://annieawards.org/34thwinners.html ↩

  24. "Cartoon Network Bows the Cartoonstitute: A 'Think Tank' for Animators". Variety. April 8, 2008. Archived from the original on April 4, 2022. Retrieved April 4, 2022. https://variety.com/2008/tv/news/cartoon-network-2-20919/ ↩

  25. Flint, Joe (August 17, 2009). "Gambling on Live Action". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on April 4, 2022. Retrieved April 4, 2022. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2009-aug-17-fi-ct-cartoon17-story.html ↩

  26. Connelley, Brendon (March 13, 2012). "Wander Over Yonder Coming to TV – The New Project from Powerpuff Creator Craig McCracken". Bleeding Cool. Archived from the original on January 1, 2014. Retrieved August 27, 2013. https://www.bleedingcool.com/2012/03/13/wander-over-yonder-coming-to-tv-the-new-project-from-powerpuff-creator-craig-mccracken/ ↩

  27. McCracken, Craig [@CrackMcCraigen] (February 3, 2022). "2015- After Wander Over Yonder was cancelled @FrankAngones @Fyre_flye @andybeanmusic @ownerofwendys @skulptduggery Justin Nichols & I started working on what was then called "The Kid from Planet Earth" for Disney TVA. https://t.co/6vkrtAq1FT" (Tweet). Archived from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved May 8, 2022 – via Twitter. ↩

  28. Craig McCracken: Creating Kid Cosmic! (Teaser). What's In My Head Podcast. September 4, 2021. Archived from the original on May 2, 2022. Retrieved May 8, 2022 – via YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gnnhm1gBy7s ↩

  29. McCracken, Craig [@CrackMcCraigen] (February 3, 2022). "After two years of development & a final pilot animatic Disney said no & passed on the project" (Tweet). Archived from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved May 8, 2022 – via Twitter. ↩

  30. McCracken, Craig [@CrackMcCraigen] (November 6, 2018). "@angelleivaa @nickandmore Nope, I left Disney about a year ago" (Tweet). Archived from the original on May 8, 2022. Retrieved May 8, 2022 – via Twitter. ↩

  31. "Craig McCracken's 'Kid Cosmic' Premieres February 2 on Netflix". Animation World Network. January 5, 2021. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved January 5, 2021. https://www.awn.com/news/craig-mccrackens-kid-cosmic-premieres-february-2-netflix ↩

  32. McCracken, Craig [@CrackMcCraigen] (January 14, 2022). "#KidCosmic Season 3 premieres Feb 3rd on @netflix. These last 6 episodes are the final chapter in Kid's story of finally becoming the Global Hero he always dreamed he could be! https://t.co/S58EkrA3Pw" (Tweet). Archived from the original on January 14, 2022. Retrieved May 8, 2022 – via Twitter. ↩

  33. Baron, Reuben (January 20, 2021). "The Powerpuff Girls' Craig McCracken Talks Entering the Streaming Age with Kid Cosmic". CBR.com. Archived from the original on January 20, 2021. Retrieved January 25, 2021. https://www.cbr.com/craig-mccracken-kid-cosmic-interview/ ↩

  34. Zahed, Ramin (January 5, 2021). "Close Encounters of the Retro Kind: Craig McCracken Discusses His New Show 'Kid Cosmic'". Animation Magazine. Archived from the original on January 4, 2021. Retrieved January 5, 2021. https://www.animationmagazine.net/streaming/close-encounters-of-the-retro-kind-craig-mccracken-talks-kid-cosmic/ ↩

  35. McCracken, Craig [@CrackMcCraigen] (August 10, 2021). "@FrankAngones @bibbymoynihan Then you'll really like one of the 10 new projects I'm pitching to Netflix tomorrow!" (Tweet). Archived from the original on August 11, 2021. Retrieved May 8, 2022 – via Twitter. ↩

  36. Taylor, Drew (April 20, 2022). "Netflix Animation Erased: Executives Fired, Shows Canceled and Accusations of 'Staged Data' (Exclusive)". Yahoo!. Archived from the original on October 17, 2022. Retrieved April 25, 2022. https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/netflix-animation-erased-executives-fired-220251819.html ↩

  37. McCracken, Craig [@CrackMcCraigen] (April 24, 2022). "@mexopolis @kikutowne Incredibly well said. This is a great sentiment to take with me as I wrap my last official week there" (Tweet). Archived from the original on April 24, 2022. Retrieved May 8, 2022 – via Twitter. ↩

  38. Petski, Denise (July 18, 2022). "'Powerpuff Girls' & 'Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends' Animated Series Reboots from Craig McCracken in Works at Hanna-Barbera Studios Europe". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on July 18, 2022. Retrieved July 18, 2022. https://deadline.com/2022/07/powerpuff-girls-fosters-home-for-imaginary-friends-animated-series-reboots-craig-mccracken-hanna-barbera-studios-europe-1235071571/ ↩

  39. "Annie Awards - Nominations". AnnieAwards.org. ASIFA-Hollywood. Archived from the original on December 29, 2021. Retrieved January 18, 2023. https://annieawards.org/nominations ↩

  40. Sancton, Julian, ed. (June 8, 2023). "The 75 Most Powerful People in Kids' Entertainment". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on August 8, 2024. Retrieved December 9, 2023. https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-features/powerful-people-kids-entertainment-1235507904/ ↩

  41. Murray, Joe (2010). "Q&A with Craig McCracken". Creating Animated Cartoons with Character: A Guide to Developing and Producing Your Own Series for TV, the Web, and Short Film (PDF). Watson-Guptill Publications. pp. 106–109. ISBN 9780823033072. 9780823033072 ↩

  42. Murray, Joe (2010). "Q&A with Craig McCracken". Creating Animated Cartoons with Character: A Guide to Developing and Producing Your Own Series for TV, the Web, and Short Film (PDF). Watson-Guptill Publications. pp. 106–109. ISBN 9780823033072. 9780823033072 ↩

  43. "Craig McCracken on Creativity". Animation Obsessive. May 1, 2023. Archived from the original on June 7, 2023. Retrieved September 5, 2023. https://animationobsessive.substack.com/p/craig-mccracken-on-creativity ↩

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  45. Press, Joy (August 15, 2004). "Television; The Retirement Home for Imaginary Friends". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 15, 2021. Retrieved September 5, 2023. https://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/15/arts/television-the-retirement-home-for-imaginary-friends.html?_r=1 ↩

  46. Renata, Gonzáles (September 13, 2004). "Cambia a las Chicas por un 'Amigo'". Reforma (in Spanish). Grupo Reforma. p. 1. Retrieved September 5, 2023. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A126118026/STND?u=wikipedia&sid=bookmark-STND&xid=e3a18da5 ↩

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  53. Lloyd, Robert (February 2, 2021). "Now at Netflix, 'Powerpuff Girls' Creator Savors Freedom: 'Wait. We Can Do This Now?'". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on September 5, 2021. Retrieved September 5, 2023. https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/tv/story/2021-02-02/powerpuff-girls-craig-mccracken-kid-cosmic-netfix ↩

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