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• Japanese encephalitis

Identification

The Culex vishnui Theobald mosquito species belongs to a sub-type that also includes two other carriers of the Japanese encephalitis virus - Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles and Culex pseudovishnui Colless.² Since the females of these different species are difficult to morphologically distinguish from one another, an rDNA based diagnostic PCR is used for identification.³

Morphological identification of multiple JEV carrier mosquitoes including Cx. vishnui are based on identifying specific features of the legs, abdomen, palpi, wings, proboscises, and tarsi.⁴ The identification of Cx. vishnui is confirmed by verifying that the "anterior surface of hindfemur with pale stripe does not contrast with dark scaled area".⁵

References

1. Reuben, R.; Tewari, S.C.; Hiriyan, J.; Akiyama, J. (1994). "Illustrated Keys to Species of Culex (CULEX) Associated with Japanese Encephalitis in Southeast Asia (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)" (PDF). Mosquito Systematics. 26 (2): 75–96. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213637/http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/files/pdfs/MS26N02P075.PDF ↩

2. Toma, Takako; Miyagi, Ichiro; Crabtree, Mary B.; Miller, Barry R. (1 July 2000). "Identification of Culex vishnui Subgroup (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes from the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan: Development of a Species-Diagnostic Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay Based on Sequence Variation in Ribosomal DNA Spacers". Journal of Medical Entomology. 37 (4): 554–558. doi:10.1603/0022-2585-37.4.554. PMID 10916296. S2CID 24427066. https://doi.org/10.1603%2F0022-2585-37.4.554 ↩

3. Toma, Takako; Miyagi, Ichiro; Crabtree, Mary B.; Miller, Barry R. (1 July 2000). "Identification of Culex vishnui Subgroup (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes from the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan: Development of a Species-Diagnostic Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay Based on Sequence Variation in Ribosomal DNA Spacers". Journal of Medical Entomology. 37 (4): 554–558. doi:10.1603/0022-2585-37.4.554. PMID 10916296. S2CID 24427066. https://doi.org/10.1603%2F0022-2585-37.4.554 ↩

4. Das, Bina Pani (2012). Mosquito Vectors of Japanese Encephalitis Virus from Northern India: Role of BPD hop cage method. New Delhi, Heidelberg, New York, Dordrecht, London: Springer. ISBN 978-81-322-0860-0. 978-81-322-0860-0 ↩

5. Reuben, R.; Tewari, S.C.; Hiriyan, J.; Akiyama, J. (1994). "Illustrated Keys to Species of Culex (CULEX) Associated with Japanese Encephalitis in Southeast Asia (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)" (PDF). Mosquito Systematics. 26 (2): 75–96. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213637/http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/files/pdfs/MS26N02P075.PDF ↩