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ESP32
Series of low-cost, low-power system on a chip microcontrollers with integrated Wi-Fi and dual-mode Bluetooth

ESP32 is a family of low-cost, energy-efficient microcontrollers that integrate both Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities. These chips feature a variety of processing options, including the Tensilica Xtensa LX6 microprocessor available in both dual-core and single-core variants, the Xtensa LX7 dual-core processor, or a single-core RISC-V microprocessor. In addition, the ESP32 incorporates components essential for wireless data communication such as built-in antenna switches, an RF balun, power amplifiers, low-noise receivers, filters, and power-management modules.

Typically, the ESP32 is embedded on device-specific printed circuit boards or offered as part of development kits that include a variety of GPIO pins and connectors, with configurations varying by model and manufacturer. The ESP32 was designed by Espressif Systems and is manufactured by TSMC using their 40 nm process. It is a successor to the ESP8266 microcontroller.

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Features

Features of the ESP32 include the following:2

  • Processors:
    • CPU: Xtensa dual-core (or single-core) 32-bit LX6 microprocessor, operating at 160 or 240 MHz and performing at up to 600 DMIPS
    • Ultra-low-power (ULP) co-processor
  • Memory: 520 KiB RAM, 448 KiB ROM
  • Wireless connectivity:
    • Wi-Fi: 802.11 b/g/n
    • Bluetooth: v4.2 BR/EDR and BLE (shares the radio with Wi-Fi)
  • Peripheral interfaces:
  • Security:
  • Power management
    • Internal low-dropout regulator
    • Individual power domain for RTC
    • 5 μA deep sleep current
    • Wake up from GPIO interrupt, timer, ADC measurements, capacitive touch sensor interrupt

ESP32-xx family

Since the release of the original ESP32, a number of variants have been introduced and announced. They form the ESP32 family of microcontrollers.7 These chips have different CPUs and capabilities, but all share the same SDK and are largely code-compatible. Additionally, the original ESP32 was revised (see ESP32 ECO V3, for example).

ESP32

  • Xtensa single-/dual-core 32-bit LX6 microprocessor(s)
  • Supports single-precision Floating Point Unit (FPU)
  • Wi-Fi: 802.11 b/g/n
  • Bluetooth: v4.2 BR/EDR and BLE (shares the radio with Wi-Fi)
  • 34 GPIOs
  • 2 × 12-bit SAR ADCs, up to 18 channels8
  • 2 × 8-bit DAC9

ESP32-S2

  • Single-core Xtensa LX7 CPU, up to 240 MHz (With ULP Co-Processor Running at 20Mhz)
  • No Floating Point Unit (no FPU)10
  • 320 KiB SRAM, 128 KiB ROM, and 16 KiB RTC SRAM
  • Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz (IEEE 802.11b/g/n)11
  • No Bluetooth
  • 43 GPIOs12
  • 2 × 13-bit SAR ADCs, up to 20 channels
  • 2 × 8-bit DAC13
  • USB OTG

ESP32-S3

  • Dual-core Xtensa LX7 CPU, up to 240 MHz,14 and supporting single-precision FPU
    • Added instructions to accelerate machine learning applications
  • 512 KiB SRAM, 384 KiB ROM, and 16 KiB RTC SRAM
  • Capable of connecting to external PSRAM and Flash via Quad SPI or Octal SPI, and share the same 32 MiB address space
  • Ultra-low-power RISC-V (RV32IMC) coprocessor clocked at 17.5 MHz approximately
  • Ultra-low-power FSM coprocessor similar to previous ESP32 and ESP32-S2
  • Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz (IEEE 802.11 b/g/n)15
  • Bluetooth 5 (LE)
  • 45 GPIOs
  • No integrated Ethernet MAC
  • 2 × 12-bit SAR ADCs, up to 20 channels
  • USB OTG

ESP32-C2

  • 32-bit RISC-V single-core processor that operates at up to 120 MHz, implementing RV32IMC ISA16
  • 576 KB ROM, 272 KB SRAM (16 KB for cache) on the chip
  • Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz (IEEE 802.11b/g/n)
  • Bluetooth 5 (LE)
  • 14 GPIOs (QFN24)
  • SPI, UART, I2C, LED PWM controller, General DMA controller (GDMA), SAR ADC, Temperature sensor
  • No USB support

ESP32-C3

  • Single-core 32-bit RISC-V CPU, up to 160 MHz17
  • 400 KiB SRAM, 384 KiB ROM, and 8 KiB RTC SRAM
  • Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz (IEEE 802.11b/g/n)18
  • Bluetooth 5 (LE)19
  • 22 (QFN32) or 16 (QFN32) or 15 (ESP8685 QFN28) GPIOs20
  • 2 × 12-bit SAR ADC
  • Pin compatible with ESP8266
  • USB device

ESP32-C6

  • High performance 32-bit RISC-V CPU, up to 160 MHz,21 implementing RV32IMAC
  • Low-power 32-bit RISC-V CPU, up to 20 MHz, implementing RV32IMAC
  • 512 KiB SRAM and 320 KiB ROM
  • IEEE 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6) on 2.4 GHz, supporting 20 MHz bandwidth in 11ax mode, 20 or 40 MHz bandwidth in 11b/g/n mode
  • IEEE 802.15.4 (Thread + Zigbee)
  • Bluetooth 5.3 (LE)
  • 30 (QFN40) or 22 (QFN32) GPIOs
  • USB device

ESP32-H2

Announced

ESP32-C5

  • Single-core 32-bit RISC-V CPU, up to 240 MHz23
  • 384 KB SRAM and 320 KB ROM
  • IEEE 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6) on 2.4 and 5 GHz, supporting 20 MHz bandwidth in 11ax mode, 20 or 40 MHz bandwidth in 11b/g/n mode
  • IEEE 802.15.4 (Thread + Zigbee)24
  • Bluetooth 5 (LE)
  • Over 20 GPIOs

ESP32-P4

  • High performance dual-core 32-bit RISC-V CPU, up to 400 MHz
    • Implementing RV32IMAFC_Zicsr_Zifencei and custom AI/vector instructions.
    • Supports single-precision Floating Point Unit (FPU).
  • Low performance single-core 32-bit RISC-V CPU, up to 40 MHz
    • Implementing RV32IMAC_Zicsr_Zifencei ISA extensions.
  • 768 KiB SRAM on high-performance core system.
  • 8 KiB TCM on high-performance core system.
  • 32 KiB SRAM on low-power subsystem.
  • Support PSRAM.
  • Integrated hardware accelerators for various media encoding protocols, including H.264.
  • No Wi-Fi or Bluetooth
  • Over 50 GPIOs25

QFN packaged chip and module

ESP32 is housed in quad-flat no-leads (QFN) packages of varying sizes with 49 pads. Specifically, 48 connection pads along the sides and one large thermal pad (connected to ground) on the bottom.

Chips

The ESP32 system on a chip integrated circuit is packaged in both 6 mm × 6 mm and 5 mm × 5 mm sized QFN packages.

SeriesIdentifierProcessorcoresProcessorspeed (MHz)Embedded flashmemory (MiB)Embedded PSRAMmemory (MiB)GPIOsPackagesizeDescription
ESP32ESP31B224000346 mm×6 mmPre-release SoC used for beta testing; no longer available.
ESP32-D0WDQ6224000346 mm×6 mmInitial production release chip of the ESP32 series.Not Recommended for New Designs (NRND).
ESP32-D0WD224000345 mm×5 mmSmaller physical package variation similar to ESP32-D0WDQ6.Not Recommended for New Designs (NRND).
ESP32-D0WDQ6-V3224000346 mm×6 mmIntroduces some fixes to ESP32-D0WDQ6.Not Recommended for New Designs (NRND).
ESP32-D2WD216020345 mm×5 mm2 MiB (16 Mibit) embedded flash memory variation.Removed.Not Recommended for New Designs (NRND).
ESP32-S0WD116000345 mm×5 mmSingle-core processor variation.Not Recommended for New Designs (NRND).
ESP32-D0WD-V3224000345 mm×5 mmIntroduces some fixes to ESP32-D0WD.
ESP32-D0WDR2-V3224002345 mm×5 mm
ESP32-U4WDH224040345 mm×5 mmSingle-core processor and 4 MiB (32 Mibit) embedded flash memory variation.Also 1 CPU 160MHz variant existed.
ESP32-S2ESP32-S2124000437 mm×7 mmWith USB OTG.
ESP32-S2R2124002437 mm×7 mmWith USB OTG.
ESP32-S2FH2124020437 mm×7 mmWith USB OTG.
ESP32-S2FH4124040437 mm×7 mmWith USB OTG.
ESP32-S2FN4R2124042437 mm×7 mmWith USB OTG.
ESP32-S3ESP32-S3224000457 mm×7 mmWith USB OTG. With 3.3V and 1.8V VDD_SPI voltage.
ESP32-S3R2224002457 mm×7 mmWith USB OTG.
ESP32-S3R8224008457 mm×7 mmWith USB OTG.
ESP32-S3R8V224008457 mm×7 mmWith USB OTG. With 1.8V VDD_SPI voltage.
ESP32-S3FN8224080457 mm×7 mmWith USB OTG.
ESP32-S3FH4R2224042457 mm×7 mmWith USB OTG.
ESP32-C2ESP8684H1112010144 mm×4 mmWith Bluetooth 5.
ESP8684H2112020144 mm×4 mmWith Bluetooth 5.
ESP8684H4112040144 mm×4 mmWith Bluetooth 5.
ESP32-C3ESP32-C3116000225 mm×5 mmWith Bluetooth 5.
ESP32-C3FN4116040225 mm×5 mmNot Recommended for New Designs (NRND).
ESP32-C3FH4116040225 mm×5 mmWith Bluetooth 5.
ESP32-C3FH4AZ116040165 mm×5 mmWith Bluetooth 5. SPI0/SPI1 pins for flash connection are not bonded.
ESP-Shelly-C38F116080115 mm×5 mmWith Bluetooth 5. only for the manufacturer Shelly
ESP8686H41-40-4 mm×4 mmNot released.
ESP8685H2116020154 mm×4 mmWith Bluetooth 5.
ESP8685H4116040154 mm×4 mmWith Bluetooth 5.
ESP32-C6ESP32-C6116000305 mm×5 mmWith Wi-Fi 6 and Bluetooth 5.
ESP32-C6FH4116040225 mm×5 mmWith Wi-Fi 6 and Bluetooth 5.
ESP32-H2ESP32-H2FH219620194 mm×4 mmWith Bluetooth 5 and Bluetooth Mesh.
ESP32-H2FH419640194 mm×4 mmWith Bluetooth 5 and Bluetooth Mesh.

In 2020, chips ESP32-D0WDQ6 and ESP32-D0WD also got a V3 version (ESP32 ECO V3), which fixes some of the bugs26 and introduces improvements over the previous versions.

Modules

The ESP32 PICO system in package modules combine an ESP32 silicon chip, crystal oscillator, flash memory chip, filter capacitors, and RF matching links into a single 7 mm × 7 mm sized QFN package.

The first released PICO was the ESP32-PICO-D4 with 2 CPUs at 240MHz, 4MiB internal flash, a 40MHz oscillator and 34 GPIOs.27

Later, in 2020, the ESP32-PICO-V3 and ESP32-PICO-V3-02 modules were introduced both based on the ESP32 ECO V3 wafer.28 29

In 2022 the ESP32-S3-PICO-1 module was introduced with USB OTG and internal PSRAM.30

IdentifierProcessorcoresProcessorspeed (MHz)Embedded flashmemory (MiB)Embedded PSRAMmemory (MiB)GPIOsPackagesizeDescription
ESP32-PICO-D4224040347 mm×7 mmIncludes ESP32 chip, crystal oscillator, flash memory, filter capacitors, and RF matching links.31
ESP32-PICO-V3224040317 mm×7 mmBased on ESP32 with ECO V3 wafer.
ESP32-PICO-V3-02224082297 mm×7 mmBased on ESP32 with ECO V3 wafer.
ESP32-S3-PICO-1-N8R2224082397 mm×7 mmIncludes USB OTG.
ESP32-S3-PICO-1-N8R8224088397 mm×7 mmIncludes USB OTG.

Printed circuit boards

Surface-mount module boards

ESP32 based surface-mount printed circuit board modules directly contain the ESP32 SoC and are designed to be easily integrated onto other circuit boards. Meandered inverted-F antenna designs are used for the PCB trace antennas on the modules listed below. In addition to flash memory, some modules include pseudostatic RAM (pSRAM).

VendorNameAntennaFlash memory (MiB)PSRAM (MiB)Description
EspressifESP-WROOM-03PCB trace40Discontinued. Limited distribution, pre-production module created by Espressif for beta testing purposes; this module used the ESP31B, the beta testing chip for the ESP32 series.3233343536 FCC Part 15.247 tested (FCC ID: 2AC7Z-ESP32).37
ESP32-WROOM-32PCB trace40First publicly available ESP32 module board created by Espressif.38 FCC Part 15.247 tested (FCC ID: 2AC7Z-ESPWROOM32).39 Based on ESP32-D0WDQ6 chip. Originally named "ESP-WROOM-32".
ESP32-WROOM-32EPCB trace4,8,160Same as ESP32-WROOM-32 but with the Eco V3 processor revisions40
ESP32-WROOM-32DPCB trace40Revision of the ESP-WROOM-32 module which uses an ESP32-D0WD chip instead of an ESP32-D0WDQ6 chip.41 Originally named "ESP-WROOM-32D".
ESP32-SOLO-1PCB trace40Similar to the ESP32-WROOM-32D module, but uses the single-core ESP32-S0WD chip instead of the dual-core ESP32-D0WD.
ESP32-WROOM-32UU.FL socket40Alternative to the ESP-WROOM-32D module which has a U.FL connector for external antenna in lieu of a PCB trace antenna.42
ESP32-WROVERPCB trace44ESP32 module board with 4 MiB pSRAM created by Espressif. FCC part 15.247 tested (FCC ID 2AC7Z-ESP32WROVER). Uses 40 MHz crystal oscillator. Does not include U.FL connector. Based on ESP32-D0WDQ6 chip. Since June 2018, new modules have been upgraded to 8 MiB pSRAM.
ESP32-WROVER-IU.FL socket, PCB trace44Variation of ESP32-WROVER module configured to use an on-board U.FL compatible connector. PCB trace antenna not connected by default.
ESP32-WROVER-BPCB trace48Revision of ESP32-WROVER module with 8 MiB pSRAM (instead of 4 MiB pSRAM) operating at 3.3V (instead of 1.8V in previous versions) and ESP32-D0WD (instead of ESP32-D0WDQ6). FCC part 15.247 tested (FCC ID 2AC7Z-ESP32WROVERB). Does not include U.FL connector. (Custom order option for flash capacity of 8 MiB or 16 MiB also available.)
ESP32-WROVER-IBU.FL socket, PCB trace48Variation of ESP32-WROVER-B module configured to use an on-board U.FL compatible connector. PCB trace antenna not connected by default.
ESP32-WROVER-EPCB trace4,8,162,8Revision of ESP32-WROVER module with 2 or 8 MiB pSRAM (instead of 4 MiB pSRAM) operating at 3.3V (instead of 1.8V in previous versions) and ESP32-D0WD-V3, or in 2MB pSRAM models, ESP32-D0WDR2-V3. FCC part 15.247 tested (FCC ID 2AC7Z-ESP32WROVERE). Does not include U.FL connector. (Custom order option for flash capacity of 2 MiB, 8 MiB, or 16 MiB also available.)43
ESP32-WROVER-IEU.FL socket, PCB trace4,8,162,8Variation of ESP32-WROVER-E module configured to use an on-board U.FL compatible connector. PCB trace antenna not connected by default.
ESP32-PICO-V3-ZEROPCB trace40Based on ESP32-PICO-V3 SiP. It is designed as a module for Alexa Connect Kit (ACK) and connecting with Amazon Alexa.
Ai-ThinkerESP32-SPCB trace40Ai-Thinker's equivalent to Espressif's ESP-WROOM-32 module. (Same form factor and general specifications.)44 Previously branded as "ESP-32S" with the hyphen before "32S", the initial release of the ESP-32S module replaced the previously announced, but never released, ESP3212 module.
ESP32-A1SU.FL socket, PCB trace84Contains an extra AC101 audio codec IC whose IO-pins (line, mic, etc.) are led to the board pins. Comes separately or soldered onto a corresponding audio development board ("ESP32-Audio-Kit").454647
AnalogLambESP-32S-ALBPCB trace40Clone of the ESP-32S module (ESP-WROOM-32 compatible footprint). Seen with a green solder mask coating.48
ALB-WROOMPCB trace160Variation of ESP-32S-ALB with 16 MiB of flash memory.49
ALB32-WROVERPCB trace44ESP32 module board with 4 MiB pSRAM with the same footprint as the ESP-WROOM-32 module.50
DFRobotESP-WROOM-32PCB trace40Module board similar to Espressif Systems's ESP-WROOM-32, but is not FCC certified, and uses 26 MHz or 32 kHz crystal oscillator.51
eBox & WidoraESP32-BitCeramic, U.FL socket40Module has a ceramic antenna and an U.FL antenna connector. This module has a different footprint than the ESP-WROOM-32/ESP-32S modules.
Goouuu TechESP-32FPCB trace40Module board similar to Espressif Systems's ESP-WROOM-32. FCC certified (ID 2AM77-ESP-32F).
IntoRobotW32PCB trace40Module similar in appearance to Espressif's ESP-WROOM-32, but footprint pinout differs.52
W33Ceramic, U.FL socket40Differs from IntoRobot W32 module in its antenna configuration.
ITEADPSH-C32PCB trace1530Module has unusually small flash memory on board. Also, footprint is unique and differs from all other ESP32 modules.54
Pycom55W01(Not included.)84OEM module version of the WiPy 2.0. Supports Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. FCC ID 2AJMTWIPY01R.
L01(Not included.)84OEM module version of the LoPy. Supports Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and LoRa. FCC ID 2AJMTLOPY01R.
L04(Not included.)84OEM module version of the LoPy4. Supports Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, LoRa, and Sigfox.
S01(Not included.)84Discontinued. OEM module version of the SiPy. Supports Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and Sigfox (14 dBm and 22 dBm).
G01(Not included.)84OEM module version of the GPy. Supports Cellular LTE-CAT M1/NB1, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth.
u-bloxNINA-W131(Not included.)20Belongs to the u-blox NINA-W13 series of Wi-Fi modules.56
NINA-W132PIFA20Belongs to the u-blox NINA-W13 series of Wi-Fi modules.57 On board planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) is shaped (cut & bent) metal, not a PCB trace.

Development and other boards

Development and break-out boards extend wiring and may add functionality, often building upon ESP32 module boards and making them easier to use for development purposes, especially with breadboards.

VendorNameSurface-mount module usedDescription
EspressifESP_Module_TestboardESP-WROOM-03Break-out board included with ESP-WROOM-03 beta modules.5859
ESP32_Demo Board_V2ESP-WROOM-32Development & demonstration board created by Espressif.6061
ESP32-DevKitCESP32-WROOM-32, v4 comes with ESP32-WROOM-DA(Dual Antenna), ESP32-WROVER or ESP32-Solo (Single core variant)Compact development board created by Espressif.62 Silkscreen labeling on PCB reads "Core Board".
ESP-WROVER-KITESP-WROOM-32 or ESP32-WROVERLarge development board created by Espressif.63 Previously named ESP32-DevKitJ.64
ESP32-PICO-KITESP32-PICO-D4Small development board with Micro-USB and two header rows of 17 pins. FCC ID 2AC7Z-ESP32PICOKIT.
AdafruitHUZZAH32ESP-WROOM-32Also referred to as the "ESP32 Feather Board", the HUZZAH32 is a compact development board/module that is compatible with the Adafruit Feather family of products.
Ai-ThinkerNodeMCU-32SESP-32SNodeMCU-like development board.65
ESP32-CAMESP32-SCompact (27 mm x 40.5 mm) board with ribbon cable Camera Serial Interface with support for 1600 x 1200 pixel OV2640 or 640 x 480 OV7670 camera. Has 9 usable IO pins and microSD card slot.66
AnalogLambESP32 Development BoardESP-32S-ALB or ALB-WROOMDevelopment board similar to Espressif's ESP32-DevKitC with on board a CP2102 USB/serial bridge. 4 MiB variation uses ESP-32S-ALB; 16 MiB variation uses ALB-WROOM module.67
Maple ESP32ESP-32S-ALBDevelopment board with Arduino-style connections and CP2104 USB/serial interface.68
April BrotherESPea32Development board with perfboard area that may be optionally cut-off.
ArduCAMESP32 UNOESP-32SArduino Uno-like development board based on ESP32 IoT UNO framework with support for SPI ArduCAM, battery pins and uSD card slot.69
ArduinoArduino Nano ESP32U-Blox NORA-W106-10B (based on ESP32-S3 IC)Arduino Nano footprint
Banana piBPI:bitESP-32Sa development for Webduino and Arduino
BPI-UNO32ESP32-Sa development board for Arduino
DoITESPduino32ESP-WROOM-32Full-featured Arduino Uno-like development board compatible with Arduino Shields. It also adds additional SPI & IO pins. The board is a clone of WeMos D1 R32 with a USB Type B socket.
ESP32 DEVKIT V1ESP-WROOM-32The ESP32 DevKit V1 is probably the most popular among hobbyists and educators for its ease of use and versatility in various electronic projects. The pinout70 It's one of the most copied.
DPTechnicsWalterESP32-S3-WROOM-1The Walter module combines cellular IoT (LTE-M and NB-IoT) and GNSS with the ESP32-S3 with 16MiB flash and 2MiB PSRAM. The module is suited for development as well as for production because of the CE, FCC, UKCA, RCM and IC certifications. 71
EzSBCESP32-01 Breakout and Development BoardESP-WROOM-32Full-featured development board with two tri-color LEDs and fits on a breadboard.
Gravitech & MakerAsiaNano32Development board that directly incorporates the ESP32 chip.
HydraBusHydraESP32ESP-WROOM-32 or ESP-32SHydraESP32 HydraBus v1.1 Rev1 shield/breakout board for ESP-WROOM-32 or ESP-32S. This shield can be used with or without a HydraBus board.
NoduinoQuantumArduino-style development board that directly incorporates the ESP32 chip.
OlimexESP32-GatewayESP32-WROOM32Wi-Fi/Bluetooth/Ethernet
ESP32-DevKit-LiPoESP32-WROOM-32pin compatible with ESP32-CoreBoard, but adds Lipo charger and ability to work on LiPo.
ESP32-POE-ISOESP32-WROOM-32/UEWi-Fi/Bluetooth/Ethernet development board with Power over Ethernet and 2W of isolated DC power
ESP32-POEESP32-WROOM-32Wi-Fi/Bluetooth/Ethernet development board with Power over Ethernet
ESP32-PROWi-Fi/Bluetooth and PIC32MX270F256DT microcontroller and 32 Mb SPI flash and 32 Mb PSRAM. ESP32-PRO-C includes external crypto engine with ATECC508A
ESP32-EVBESP32-WROOM32Wi-Fi/Bluetooth/Ethernet development board with MicroSD, CAN, IR, LiPo, and two relays.
ESP32-ADFESP32-WROVER-Baudio development framework board with stereo microphones, speakers, audio output jack.
PycomWiPyMicroPython programmable Wi-Fi & Bluetooth IoT development platform with a 1 km Wi-Fi range. WiPy versions 2.0 and 3.0 use ESP32.
LoPyTriple network Pycom board featuring LoRa, Wi-Fi (1 km range), and BLE.
LoPy4?Quadruple network Pycom board featuring LoRa, Sigfox, Wi-Fi (1 km range), and BLE.
SiPyTriple network Pycom board featuring Sigfox, Wi-Fi (1 km range), and BLE.
GPyTriple network Pycom board featuring LTE-M, Wi-Fi (1 km range), and BLE.
FiPyQuintuple network Pycom board featuring LTE-M, LoRa, Sigfox, Wi-Fi (1 km range), and BLE.
SparkFunESP32 ThingCompact development board with FTDI FT231x USB/serial interface and LiPo charger built-in.
SunDUINOESP32 MiniBoardESP-WROOM-32Breakout compatible with the Espressif ESP32-DevKitC. Lacks on-board USB-UART.
ESP32 MiniBoard v2ESP32-Wrover-B/IBBreakout board with Silabs CP2102, battery charger. Compatible with Espressif DEVkit.
ESP32 SunDUINOESP-WROOM-32 or ESP-32SArduino-style development board. Lacks on-board USB-UART.
SwitchDoc LabsBC24ESP-WROOM-32ESP32 Breakout with 24 SK6812RGBW LEDs with Grove Connectors for easy prototyping. Comes with USB-UART and Feather compatible pinout.72
WatterottESP-WROOM32-BreakoutESP-WROOM-32Breakout which is compatible with the Espressif ESP32-DevKitC.
WEMOS73LOLIN32 [Retired]74ESP-WROOM-32
LOLIN32 Lite [Retired]75ESP32-D0WDQ6
LOLIN32 Pro [Retired]76ESP32-WROVERMicroSD card slot (supports SD and SPI mode)
LOLIN D3277ESP-WROOM-32
LOLIN D32 Pro78ESP32-WROVERI2C port, TFT port and Micro SD Card slot (support SPI mode)
WidoraAirCompact ESP32 development board.
MagicBitMagic Bit CoreESP-WROOM-32Compact ESP32 development board with displays and several sensors onboard to make learning embedded development convenient.

† ESP32 SoC incorporated directly onto development board; no module board used.

Programming

Programming languages, frameworks, platforms, and environments used for ESP32 programming:

  • ESP-IDF7980 – Espressif’s official IoT Development Framework for the ESP32, ESP32-S, ESP32-C and ESP32-H series of SoCs.
  • Arduino-ESP3281 – Arduino core for the ESP32, ESP32-S2, ESP32-S3 and ESP32-C3.
  • Espruino – JavaScript SDK and firmware closely emulating Node.js
  • MicroPython (and CircuitPython) – lean implementation of Python 3 for microcontrollers
  • Mongoose OS – an operating system for connected products on microcontrollers; programmable with JavaScript or C. A recommended platform by Espressif Systems,82 AWS IoT,83 and Google Cloud IoT.84
  • mruby for the ESP32
  • Nim for the ESP32
  • NodeMCULua-based firmware
  • Rust8586
  • Swift8788
  • Visual Studio Code with the officially supported Espressif Integrated Development Framework (ESP-IDF) Extension89
  • Zerynth – Python for IoT and microcontrollers, including the ESP32
  • Matlab Simulink

Reception and use

Commercial, industrial and academic uses of ESP32:

Use in commercial devices

  • Alibaba Group's IoT LED wristband, used by participants at the group's 2017 annual gathering. Each wristband operated as a "pixel", receiving commands for coordinated LED light control, allowing formation of a "live and wireless" screen.90
  • DingTalk's M1, a biometric attendance-tracking system.91
  • Pium, a home fragrance and aromatherapy device.92
  • HardKernel's Odroid Go, an ESP32 based handheld gaming device kit made to commemorate Odroid's 10th anniversary.93
  • Playdate, a handheld video game console jointly developed by Panic Inc. and Teenage Engineering.
  • Octopus Energy Mini, an ESP32-C6 based real-time energy monitor.94
  • Mysa smart thermostats, based on ESP32-WROOM.95

Use in industrial devices

  • TECHBASE's Moduino X series X1 and X2 modules are ESP32-WROVER / ESP32-WROVER-B based computers for industrial automation and monitoring, supporting digital inputs/outputs, analog inputs, and various computer networking interfaces.96
  • NORVI IIOT Industrial Devices with ESP32-WROVER / ESP32-WROVER-B SOC for industrial automation and monitoring with digital inputs, analog inputs, relay outputs and multiple communications interfaces. Supports LoRa and Nb-IoT as expansion modules.97

Academic uses

  • ESP32 devices are utilized in educational settings 98 and academic research projects. For example, these devices have been used to develop a smart home system designed to monitor and control the charging of electric vehicles, considering the current consumption of other electrical appliances and the contracted power capacity. 99 Additionally, ESP32 is used in DIY projects such as building low-cost drones.100

Undocumented HCI Commands in ESP32

In March 2025, researchers from Tarlogic Security identified undocumented Host Controller Interface (HCI) commands in the ESP32 Bluetooth firmware, prompting discussions about their functionality and potential implications.101 This discovery was presented on March 6, 2025, at the RootedCON conference by the Tarlogic Security team.102

The identified commands, such as Write Memory (0xFC02), are vendor-specific HCI commands used primarily for debugging and testing purposes. These types of commands are common in Bluetooth controller implementations to assist with development and troubleshooting. They are not part of the standard HCI command set and are typically used in controlled environments.103 While initially described as a "backdoor," further clarifications labeled them as "undocumented debugging features." These commands are not accessible remotely via standard Bluetooth connections but could be interacted with if an entity has physical access to the device or operates in an HCI-UART configuration.

Espressif Systems provided clarification regarding these commands, stating that they are intended for debugging and do not pose a security risk under normal operating conditions. The company emphasized that these commands cannot be triggered remotely and are not used in standard Bluetooth operations. These commands are present only in ESP32 chips and are not included in the ESP32-C, ESP32-S, and ESP32-H series. To address concerns raised within the security community, Espressif announced that future versions of the ESP-IDF would include updates to restrict access to these debugging commands and improve documentation for vendor-specific HCI commands. These actions aim to provide additional transparency and ensure developers are well-informed about available functionalities.104

See also

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