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Latest election

Main article: 2022 Brazilian general election

Presidential election

Parliamentary election

Chamber of Deputies

Federal Senate

Schedule

Election

Inauguration

Electoral systems

Main article: Electoral system of Brazil

A presidential candidate in Brazil needs to gain fifty per cent plus one of votes to be named as winner. A second-round runoff is mandated if no candidate receives fifty per cent plus one of votes.¹

Deputies are elected to the Chamber of Deputies using a form of party-list proportional representation known as the open list. Seats are distributed in 27 multi-member constituencies based on the Federation Units (26 States and the Federal District), ranging from 8 to 70 seats. Seats are allocated through the D'Hondt method.²

Senators are elected to the Federal Senate with a plurality of the vote in a first-past-the-post system, which is not proportional.³ Three senators are elected for each state and for the Federal District.⁴

In lower levels of government, the state legislative assemblies and city councils are elected using an open list proportional representation system. Seats are allocated using a version of the D'Hondt method where only parties who receive at least V/n votes (where V is the total number of votes cast and n is the total number of seats to be filled) may win seats in the legislature.⁵⁶

Voting in Brazil is compulsory for all literate citizens over 18 and under 70, and optional for citizens who are aged 16 and 17, older than 70 or illiterate. Brazil introduced compulsory voting into its Electoral Code in 1932 and lowered the voting age from 18 to 16 in the 1988 constitution.⁷ The 1988 constitution also granted voluntary suffrage to the illiterate citizens of Brazil.⁸

Brazilian voting machines

This section is an excerpt from Electronic voting in Brazil.[edit]

Electronic voting was first introduced to Brazil in 1996, with the first tests carried out in the state of Santa Catarina. The primary design goal of the voting machine (Portuguese: urna eletrônica) is extreme simplicity, the model being a public phone booth. The voting machines perform three steps – voter identification, secure voting, and tallying – in a single process, aiming to eliminate fraud based on forged or falsified public documents. Political parties have access to the voting machine's programs before the election for auditing.

Presidential elections by party

Election results 1982–2018

Brazilian legislative elections (Chamber of Deputies), 1982–2018

Source: [1] Source: [2]

Referendums

Brazil has held three national referendums in its history. In the first, held on January 6, 1963, the people voted for the re-establishment of the presidential system of government (82% of valid ballots), which had been modified by a constitutional amendment in 1961. A second referendum, as ordered by the Federal Constitution of 1988, was held on April 21, 1993, when the voters voted for a republican form of government and reaffirmed the presidential system.

A third national referendum, on the prohibition of the commerce of personal firearms and ammunition, was held on October 23, 2005. The ban proposal was rejected by 64% of the electorate.

See also

• Electoral calendar
• Electoral system
• List of political parties in Brazil
• List of senators in Brazil

Notes

External links

• Adam Carr's Election Archive
• Simulated voting machine Archived 2010-10-26 at the Wayback Machine (Portuguese) Courtesy of the Brazilian Superior Electoral Court website. (Java required)
• Brief history of electronic voting in Brazil Archived 2010-05-27 at the Wayback Machine
• Brazil: The Perfect Electoral Crime (II) Archived 2011-06-13 at the Wayback Machine (Security analysis of the Brazilian voting machines by James Burk, Oct. 21, 2006)
• Electoral Law of Brazil
• Inelegibility Law of Brazil

References

1. Brazil: Lula renounces candidacy ahead of presidential poll https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/09/brazil-lula-renounces-candidacy-presidential-poll-180910132703852.html ↩

2. "Grumpy about voting reform". The Economist. 2011-02-22. Retrieved 2011-05-04. http://www.economist.com/node/21016239 ↩

3. "The Federal Senate". Portal da Câmara dos Deputados. Retrieved 2011-05-04. http://www2.camara.gov.br/english/the-federal-senate ↩

4. Andrianantoandro, Andy (2010-10-14). "Brazil's Presidential Hopefuls Face Runoff, National Congress Needs Reform". FairVote.org. Retrieved 2011-05-04. http://www.fairvote.org/brazil-s-presidential-hopefuls-face-runoff-national-congress-needs-reform/ ↩

5. "Como funciona o sistema proporcional?". Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (Superior Electoral Court). Archived from the original on 2017-09-02. Retrieved 2017-09-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20170902044435/http://www.tse.jus.br/institucional/escola-judiciaria-eleitoral/revistas-da-eje/artigos/revista-eletronica-eje-n.-5-ano-3/como-funciona-o-sistema-proporcional ↩

6. Romao, Mauricio (2010-05-05). "Parlamentares "Eleitos Por Média"". Retrieved 2017-09-01. http://mauricioromao.blog.br/parlamentares-eleitos-por-media/ ↩

7. ""Voting is compulsory for Brazilians aged 18 to 70"". Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (Superior Electoral Court). Archived from the original on 2020-11-11. Retrieved 2019-04-08. https://web.archive.org/web/20201111174230/http://english.tse.jus.br/noticias-tse-en/2014/Outubro/voting-is-compulsory-for-brazilians-aged-18-to-70 ↩

8. Power, Timothy J. (2009). "Compulsory for Whom? Mandatory Voting and Electoral Participation in Brazil, 1986-2006". Journal of Politics in Latin America. 1 (1): 97–122. doi:10.1177/1866802x0900100105. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1866802x0900100105 ↩

9. Stott, Michael; Pooler, Michael; Harris, Bryan (June 22, 2023). "The discreet US campaign to defend Brazil's election". Financial Times. Retrieved June 23, 2023. https://www.ft.com/content/07533564-2231-47a6-a7b8-2c7ae330efc5 ↩