British degree abbreviations

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B.I.

Degree abbreviations are used as an alternative way to specify an academic degree instead of spelling out the title in full, such as in reference books such as Who's Who and on business cards. Many degree titles have more than one possible abbreviation, with the abbreviation used varying between different universities. In the UK it is normal not to punctuate abbreviations for degrees with full stops (e.g. "BSc" rather than "B.Sc."), although this is done at some universities.

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Overview

The Frameworks for Higher Education Qualifications of UK Degree-Awarding Bodies lays down five levels of qualification with the title of degree: foundation (not in Scotland), ordinary and honours bachelor's (only separate levels in Scotland), master's and doctoral. These relate to specific outcome-based level descriptors and are tied to the Bologna Process.¹

It is common to put the name of the awarding institute in brackets after the degree abbreviation, e.g. BA (Lond). A list of standard abbreviations for British universities can be found at Universities in the United Kingdom § Post-nominal abbreviations.

Note that the lists below include historical degrees that may not currently be offered in British universities.

Anomalies

For historical reasons some universities (the ancient universities of England and Scotland) do not fully adhere to the Framework (particularly with respect to the title of Master of Arts), and degrees in medicine, dentistry, and veterinary medicine are titled as bachelor's degrees despite being at master's level.²

Undergraduate Master of Arts degrees

The usage in the ancient universities is not consistent with the Framework or the Bologna Process. The ancient universities of England (Oxford and Cambridge) grant an MA degree that is not a substantive qualification but reflects the ancient practice of these universities of promoting BAs to MAs (and thus full membership of the University) a few years after graduating (see Master of Arts (Oxbridge and Dublin)). The ancient universities of Scotland award an undergraduate MA (see Scottish MA) instead of a BA. For students to obtain a master's degree consistent with the framework in these ancient English universities, they have created the MSt (Master of Studies) to address this anomaly and differentiate between the degrees, both master's.

The MAs from Aberdeen, Heriot-Watt, Glasgow, Edinburgh and St Andrews are considered bachelor's level qualifications on the Framework for Higher Education Qualifications and first cycle qualifications under the Bologna Process, while the Oxbridge MAs are considered "not academic qualifications" (the actual qualification being the BA).³

Master's level bachelor's degrees

Conversely, some bachelor's degrees in the "higher faculties" at the older universities in the UK (e.g. those other than arts at Oxford and Cambridge) are postgraduate qualifications (e.g. the BCL and BMus at Oxford). Many have been changed to the corresponding master's degree (e.g. BSc is now MSc at Oxford), but only within the last generation. The BD (Bachelor of Divinity) remains a higher degree at some universities (e.g. Oxford, Cambridge, St Andrews and, until recently, Durham) but is an undergraduate degree at most (e.g. London, Edinburgh, Aberdeen and Glasgow).

Bachelor's degrees in medicine, dentistry and veterinary science, while undergraduate degrees, are longer courses and are considered to be master's level qualifications in the Framework for Higher Education Qualifications and second cycle qualifications under the Bologna Process.⁴

Bachelor/Master/Doctor of Philosophy

There is an international (but not universal) custom that certain degrees will be designated '.... of Philosophy'. Examples are the BPhil (Bachelor of Philosophy), MPhil (Master of Philosophy) and PhD or DPhil (Doctor of Philosophy). Most recipients of such degrees have not engaged in a specialised study of academic philosophy - the degree is available for almost the whole range of disciplines. The origins lie in the ancient practice of regarding all areas of study as elements of 'philosophy' with its Greek meaning, 'friend of wisdom'. Thus holders of an MPhil degree may have earned it in any academic discipline.

Foundation level qualifications

Foundation degree qualifications are at level 5 of the Framework for Higher Education Qualifications. They are classified under the Bologna Process as short cycle (within or linked to the first cycle) qualifications.⁵

The prepositions in the qualifications' names as awarded vary between institutions and are sometimes omitted.⁶ ⁷ ⁸

FdA, FDA, FDArts - Foundation Degree [in/of/of the] Arts
FdEd, FDEd - Foundation Degree [in/of] Education
FdEng - Foundation Degree [in/of] Engineering
FDS, FDSc - Foundation Degree [in/of] Science

Bachelor's level qualifications

These qualifications sit at level 6 (bachelor's level) of the Framework for Higher Education Qualifications and are first cycle (end of cycle) qualifications under the Bologna Process.⁹

Most British bachelor's degrees are honours degrees and indicated by putting "(Hons)" after the degree abbreviation. A student achieving a pass grade, below honours standard, may be awarded an "ordinary degree" or a "pass degree" and may not add "(Hons)".

As noted above, the MAs of the ancient universities of Scotland are also at this level and may also add "(Hons)" after their acronyms. Both these and bachelor's degrees with honours at Scottish universities are four-year courses at level 10 of the Framework for Qualifications of Higher Education Institutes in Scotland. Scottish bachelor's degrees without honours (including non-honours MAs from the ancient universities of Scotland) are three-year course with less specialisation (an Ordinary Degree or a General Degree) at level 9 of the Framework for Qualifications of Higher Education Institutes in Scotland.¹⁰

Some of the following are postgraduate degrees in a few universities, but generally bachelors are undergraduate degrees.

AgrB - Bachelor of Agriculture¹¹
BA - Bachelor of Arts¹²
- BA(Admin) - Bachelor of Arts in Administration¹³
- BACom - Bachelor of Arts in Commerce¹⁴
- BAEcon - Bachelor of Arts in Economics¹⁵
- BA(Ed) - Bachelor of Arts in Education¹⁶
- BA(FS) - Bachelor of Arts in Financial Studies¹⁷
- BAI - Bachelor of Arts in Engineering (Arte Ingeniaria)¹⁸
  - BAI(Elect) - Bachelor of Arts in Electrical Engineering¹⁹
  - BAI(Mech) - Bachelor of Arts in Mechanical Engineering²⁰
- BALaw - Bachelor of Arts in Law²¹
- BAO - Bachelor of Arts in Obstetrics (Arte Obstetricia)²²
- BARelSt - Bachelor of Arts on Religious Studies²³
- BASc - Bachelor of Arts and Science ²⁴
- BASoc - Bachelor of Arts in Sociology²⁵
- BATheol - Bachelor of Arts in Theology²⁶
BA/BSc - Bachelor of Arts/Bachelor of Science²⁷
BAcc - Bachelor of Accounting²⁸
BAdmin - Bachelor of Administration²⁹
BAgr - Bachelor of Agriculture³⁰
BAH - Bachelor of Animal Health³¹
BArch - Bachelor of Architecture ³²
BArchSc - Bachelor of Architectural Science³³
BBA - Bachelor of Business Administration ³⁴
BBLS - Bachelor of Business and Legal Studies³⁵
BBS - Bachelor of Business Studies³⁶
BBus - Bachelor of Business³⁷
BChem - Bachelor of Chemistry³⁸
BCL - Bachelor of Civil Law ³⁹
BCLD(SocSc) - Bachelor of Community Learning and Development in Social Sciences⁴⁰
BClinSci - Bachelor of Clinical Science⁴¹
BCom - Bachelor of Commerce ⁴²
BCombSt - Bachelor of Combined Studies⁴³
BCommEdCommDev - Bachelor of Community Education and Community Development⁴⁴
BComSc - Bachelor of Commercial Science⁴⁵
BD - Bachelor of Divinity ⁴⁶
BDes - Bachelor of Design ⁴⁷
BDiv - Bachelor of Divinity⁴⁸
BEconSc - Bachelor of Economic Science⁴⁹
BEconSci - Bachelor of Science in Economics
BEd - Bachelor of Education ⁵⁰
BEng - Bachelor of Engineering ⁵¹
BES - Bachelor of Engineering Studies⁵²
BEng(Tech) - Bachelor of Engineering in Technology⁵³
BEng/BSc - Bachelor of Engineering, Bachelor of Science⁵⁴
BFA - Bachelor of Fine Art ⁵⁵
BFin - Bachelor of Finance ⁵⁶
BFLS - Bachelor of Financial and Legal Studies⁵⁷
BFST - Bachelor of Food Science and Technology⁵⁸
BH - Bachelor of Humanities⁵⁹
BHealthSc - Bachelor of Health Sciences ⁶⁰
BHSc - Bachelor of Health Science ⁶¹
BHy - Bachelor of Hygiene⁶²
BIBA - Bachelor of International Business Administration⁶³
BJur - Bachelor of Jurisprudence⁶⁴
BL - Bachelor of Law⁶⁵
BLE - Bachelor of Land Economy⁶⁶
BLegSc - Bachelor of Legal Science⁶⁷
BLib - Bachelor of Librarianship ⁶⁸
BLing - Bachelor of Linguistics⁶⁹
BLitt - Bachelor of Letters⁷⁰ or Bachelor of Literature
BLittCelt - Bachelor of Celtic Letters⁷¹
BLS - Bachelor of Library Studies ⁷²
BM - Bachelor of Medicine⁷³
BM - Bachelor of Midwifery⁷⁴
BMedSc - Bachelor of Medical Science(s)⁷⁵
BMedSci - Bachelor in Medical Science⁷⁶
BMet - Bachelor of Metallurgy⁷⁷
BMid - Bachelor of Midwifery ⁷⁸
BMidWif - Bachelor of Midwifery⁷⁹
BMin - Bachelor of Ministry
BMS - Bachelor of Midwifery Studies⁸⁰
BMSc - Bachelor of Medical Science ⁸¹
BMus - Bachelor of Music ⁸²
BMusEd - Bachelor of Music Education⁸³
BMusPerf - Bachelor of Music Performance⁸⁴
BN - Bachelor of Nursing ⁸⁵
BNatSci - Bachelor in Natural Science⁸⁶
BNS - Bachelor of Nursing Studies⁸⁷
BNurs - Bachelor of Nursing ⁸⁸
BOptom - Bachelor of Optometry ⁸⁹
BOst - Bachelor of Osteopathy ⁹⁰
BPA - Bachelor of Public Administration⁹¹
BPA - Bachelor of Performing Arts⁹²
BPharm - Bachelor of Pharmacy ⁹³
BPhil - Bachelor of Philosophy ⁹⁴
BPhil(Ed) - Bachelor of Philosophy in Education⁹⁵
BPhys - Bachelor of Physics⁹⁶
BPhysio - Bachelor of Physiotherapy⁹⁷
BPl - Bachelor of Planning⁹⁸
BRadiog - Bachelor of Radiography⁹⁹
BSc - Bachelor of Science¹⁰⁰
- BScAgr - Bachelor of Science in Agriculture¹⁰¹
- BSc(Dairy) - Bachelor of Science in Dairying¹⁰²
- BScD - Bachelor of Science in Dentistry¹⁰³
- BSc(DomSc) - Bachelor of Science in Domestic Science¹⁰⁴
- BScEc - Bachelor of Science in Economic and Social Studies
- BScEcon - Bachelor of Science in Economic Science¹⁰⁵ or Bachelor of Economic and Social Studies¹⁰⁶
- BSc(Econ) - Bachelor of Science in Economics ¹⁰⁷
- BSc(Ed) - Bachelor of Science in Education¹⁰⁸
- BSc(Eng) - Bachelor of Science in Engineering ¹⁰⁹
- BScFor - Bachelor of Science in Forestry¹¹⁰
- BScHW - Bachelor of Science in Health and Wellbeing
- BSc(HealthSc) - Bachelor of Science in Health Science¹¹¹
- BSc(Hort) - Bachelor of Science in Horticulture¹¹²
- BSc(MCRM) - Bachelor of Science in Marine and Coastal Reserve Management¹¹³
- BSc(Med) - Bachelor of Science in Medicine¹¹⁴
- BSc(Mid) - Bachelor of Science in Midwifery¹¹⁵
- BSc(Min) - Bachelor of Science in Mining¹¹⁶
- BSc(Psych) - Bachelor of Science in Psychology
- BScHSc - Bachelor of Science in Health Sciences
- BScPH - Bachelor of Science in Public Health¹¹⁷
- BScTech - Bachelor of Science in Technology¹¹⁸
BSocSc - Bachelor of Social Sciences ¹¹⁹
BSS - Bachelor of Social Studies¹²⁰
BSt - Bachelor of Studies
BStSu - Bachelor of Deaf Studies¹²¹
BSW - Bachelor of Social Work¹²²
BTCP - Bachelor of Town and County Planning¹²³
BTech - Bachelor of Technology ¹²⁴ (not to be confused with BTEC)
BTechEd - Bachelor of Technological Education¹²⁵
BTh - Bachelor of Theology ¹²⁶
BTheol - Bachelor of Theology ¹²⁷
BTS - Bachelor of Theatre Studies¹²⁸
EdB - Bachelor of Education ¹²⁹
LittB - Bachelor of Literature or Bachelor of Letters
LLB - Bachelor of Laws¹³⁰
- LLB(Eur) Bachelor of Laws (European)¹³¹
MA - Master of Arts (bachelor's level at some Scottish universities)¹³²
- MA(SocSci) - Master of Arts (Social Sciences)¹³³
MusB - Bachelor of Music¹³⁴
ScBTech - Bachelor of Science in Technology¹³⁵

Master's level qualifications

These qualifications sit at level 7 (master's level) of the Framework for Higher Education Qualifications and are second cycle qualifications under the Bologna Process.¹³⁶

Undergraduate-entry degrees

Undergraduate-entry "Integrated master's" degrees are offered with honours, and so may add (hons) after the degree abbreviation. These are substantive master's degrees integrating undergraduate and master's level study, with the final qualification being at the same level as postgraduate master's.¹³⁷

Primary qualifications in medicine, dentistry and veterinary medicine are taken as undergraduate-entry courses and are denominated bachelor's degrees, but are normally offered without honours These are also qualifications at the same level as postgraduate master's degrees, but retain the name of bachelor's for historical reasons.¹³⁸ The Bachelors of Medicine and Surgery are always taken together as the primary medical qualification in the UK, equivalent to the American MD.

Note that where there is a similarly titled postgraduate master's degree, the formulation " Master in ..." is used for the undergraduate degree and "Master of ..." for the postgraduate degree (e.g. MArt/MA, MSci/MSc). Where there is no equivalent postgraduate degree, either "in" or "of" is used.

Integrated master's degrees

MAcc - Master in Accountancy ¹³⁹
MAccFin - Master of Accounting and Finance¹⁴⁰
MAnth - Master in Anthropology ¹⁴¹
MArabic - Master of Arabic Studies¹⁴²
MArc - Master of Archaeology¹⁴³
MArch - Master of Architecture¹⁴⁴
MArt - Master in Arts¹⁴⁵
MART - Master of Art¹⁴⁶
MBio - Master of Biomedical Sciences, Master of Biological Sciences ¹⁴⁷
MBiochem - Master of Biochemistry ¹⁴⁸
MBiol - Master of Biology ¹⁴⁹ or Master in Biological Sciences¹⁵⁰
MBiolSci - Master of Biological Science¹⁵¹
MBiomed - Master in Biomedical Sciences¹⁵²
MBioMedSci - Master of Biomedical Science¹⁵³
MBioms - Master of Biomedical Sciences¹⁵⁴
MBus - Master in Business and Management¹⁵⁵ or Master of Business¹⁵⁶
MChD - Master in Dental Surgery¹⁵⁷
MChem - Master of Chemistry ¹⁵⁸
MChemPhys - Master of Chemical Physics ¹⁵⁹
MChiro - Master of Chiropractic ¹⁶⁰
MClass - Master of Classical Studies¹⁶¹
MClassL - Master of Classical Languages¹⁶²
MComp - Master of Computer Science ¹⁶³ or Master of Computing¹⁶⁴
MCompPhil - Master of Computer Science and Philosophy¹⁶⁵
MCompSci - Master of Computer Science¹⁶⁶
MComSC - Master of Community and Social Care¹⁶⁷
M.CMAc - Master of Chinese Medicine, Acupuncture¹⁶⁸
MCreW - Master of Creative Writing¹⁶⁹
MDiv - Master of Divinity ¹⁷⁰
MDes - Master of Design ¹⁷¹
MDrama - Master of Drama and Theatre Studies¹⁷²
MEarthPhys - Master of Earth Physics¹⁷³
MEarthSci - Master of Earth Science ¹⁷⁴
MEcol - Master of Ecology¹⁷⁵
MEcon - Master of Economics ¹⁷⁶
MEdStud - Master of Education Studies¹⁷⁷
MEng - Master of Engineering ¹⁷⁸
MEngLit - Master of English¹⁷⁹
MEnv - Master of Environmental Science¹⁸⁰
MEnvSc - Master of Environmental Science
MESci - Master of Earth Science¹⁸¹
MFin - Master of Finance¹⁸²
MFor - Master of Forestry¹⁸³
MGeog - Master of Geography ¹⁸⁴
MGeogSCI - Master of Geographical Science¹⁸⁵
MGeol - Master of Geology ¹⁸⁶
MGeophys - Master of Geophysics ¹⁸⁷
MGeoSci - Master in Geology¹⁸⁸
MHist - Master of History¹⁸⁹
MHRM - Master of Human Resource Management¹⁹⁰
MInf - Master of Informatics ¹⁹¹
MLA - Master of Landscape Architecture¹⁹²
MLang - Master of Languages¹⁹³
MLaw - Master of Law¹⁹⁴
MLibArts - Master of Liberal Arts¹⁹⁵
MLing - Master of Linguistics¹⁹⁶
MMarBiol - Master of Marine Biology¹⁹⁷
MMark - Master in Marketing¹⁹⁸
MMath - Master of Mathematics ¹⁹⁹
MMath&Phys - Master of Mathematics and Physics²⁰⁰
MMathCompSci - Master of Mathematics and Computer Science²⁰¹
MMathPhil - Master of Mathematics and Philosophy²⁰²
MMathPhys - Master of Mathematics and Physics ²⁰³
MMathStat - Master of Mathematics and Statistics ²⁰⁴
MMBiol - Master of Marine Biology²⁰⁵
MME - Master of Mechanical Engineering²⁰⁶
MMedSci - Master of Medical Science²⁰⁷
MMet - Master of Meteorology ²⁰⁸
MMkt - Master in Marketing²⁰⁹
MMorse - Master of Mathematics, Operational Research, Statistics and Economics²¹⁰
MMSc - Master of Marine Science²¹¹
MNatSc - Master of Natural Science²¹²
MNeuro - Master in Neuroscience²¹³
MNeuroSci - Master of Neuroscience²¹⁴
MNSW - Master of Nursing and Social Work²¹⁵
MNurs - Master of Nursing²¹⁶
MNursSci - Master of Nursing Science²¹⁷
MNutr - Master of Nutrition²¹⁸
MOcean - Master of Oceanography ²¹⁹
MOptom - Master of Optometry ²²⁰
MOSci - Master of Ocean Science²²¹
MOst - Master of Osteopathy²²²
M.Ost. - Master of Osteopathy²²³
MPharm - Master of Pharmacy ²²⁴
MPharmacol - Master of Pharmacology²²⁵
MPhilSt - Master of Philosophical Studies²²⁶
MPhyPhil - Master of Physics and Philosophy²²⁷
MPhys - Master of Physics ²²⁸
MPhysio - Master of Physiotherapy²²⁹
MPhysPhil - Master of Physics and Philosophy²³⁰
MPlan - Master of Town and Regional Planning ²³¹
MPLAN - Master of Planning²³²
MPol - Master of Politics and International Relations²³³
MPsych - Master of Psychology²³⁴
MRelSt - Master of Religious Studies²³⁵
MSci - Master in Science²³⁶ (Master of Natural Sciences at Cambridge²³⁷)
MScOT or MScOccTher - Master of Science in Occupational Therapy
MSLT - Master of Speech and Language Therapy²³⁸
MSoc - Master of Sociology²³⁹
MSocStud - Master of Social Studies²⁴⁰
MSPRT - Master of Sport²⁴¹
MStat - Master of Statistics ²⁴²
MTheatre - Master of Theatre²⁴³
MTheol - Master in Theology²⁴⁴
MTCP - Master of Town and Country Planning²⁴⁵
MVetPhys - Master of Veterinary Physiotherapy²⁴⁶
MZOOL - Master of Zoology²⁴⁷

Primary dental qualifications

BChD - Bachelor of Dental Surgery²⁴⁸
BDOS - Bachelor of Dental and Oral Sciences²⁴⁹
BDS - Bachelor of Dental Surgery²⁵⁰
DDS - Doctor of Dental Surgery

Primary medical qualifications

BMBS - Bachelors of Medicine and Surgery ²⁵¹ or Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery²⁵²
BMBCh - Bachelors of Medicine and Surgery ²⁵³
MB, BChir - Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery²⁵⁴
MBBCh - Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery ²⁵⁵
MBBS - Bachelors of Medicine and Surgery ²⁵⁶ or Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery²⁵⁷
MBChB - Bachelors of Medicine and Surgery ²⁵⁸ or Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery ²⁵⁹
MD - Doctor of Medicine

Primary veterinary qualifications

BVS - Bachelor of Veterinary Surgery²⁶⁰
BVetM - Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine²⁶¹
BVetMed - Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine²⁶²
BVM&S - Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery²⁶³
BVMBVS - Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine, Bachelor of Veterinary Science²⁶⁴
BVMedSci - Bachelor of Veterinary Medical Science²⁶⁵
BVMS - Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine²⁶⁶
BVMSci - Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine and Science²⁶⁷
BVSc - Bachelor of Veterinary Science²⁶⁸
VetMB - Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine²⁶⁹

Postgraduate degrees

Postgraduate master's degrees may be either taught degrees or research degrees. Taught master's degrees may be awarded by an institution with taught degree awarding powers; master's degrees by research (e g MPhil, MRes), where over half of the student's effort is in original research, require research degree awarding powers.²⁷⁰ Postgraduate degrees are not normally honours degrees and thus do not add "(Hons)". Some degrees may be offered as either integrated master's or postgraduate master's courses at different institutes, e.g. MEng and MArch.

A few postgraduate degrees at Oxford are titled as bachelor's degrees. These are, nonetheless, master's level qualifications.

BCL - Bachelor of Civil Law (Oxford)²⁷¹ ²⁷²
BPhil - Bachelor of Philosophy (Oxford)²⁷³ ²⁷⁴
EMBS - European Master in Business Sciences²⁷⁵
LLM - Master of Laws²⁷⁶ (Master of Law at Cambridge²⁷⁷)
- LLM(Res) Master of Laws (Research)²⁷⁸
MA - Master of Arts ²⁷⁹
MArch - Master of Architecture ²⁸⁰
MASt - Master of Advanced Study²⁸¹
MBA - Master of Business Administration ²⁸²
MBL - Master of Business and Law²⁸³
MComp - Master of Composition²⁸⁴
MCD - Master of Civic Design ²⁸⁵
MCh - Master of Surgery²⁸⁶
MCL - Master of Corporate Law²⁸⁷
MClinDent - Master of Clinical Dentistry²⁸⁸
MDes - Master of Design²⁸⁹
MEd - Master of Education ²⁹⁰
MEng - Master of Engineering²⁹¹
- MEng(Eur) - Master of Engineering (European)²⁹²
MEP - Master of Educational Practice²⁹³
MFA - Master of Fine Art ²⁹⁴
HMHW - Higher Master in Health and Wellbeing
MJur - Master of Jurisprudence²⁹⁵ (Law) (Magister Juris at Oxford)²⁹⁶
MLaw - Master in Law²⁹⁷
MLib - Master of Librarianship ²⁹⁸
MLit - Master of Literature²⁹⁹
MLitt - Master of Letters³⁰⁰
MMin - Master of Ministry³⁰¹
MMus - Master of Music ³⁰²
MPA - Master of Public Administration³⁰³
MPerf - Master of Performance ³⁰⁴
MPH - Master of Public Health ³⁰⁵
MPhil - Master of Philosophy ³⁰⁶ (under the Framework, the MPhil is "normally reserved" for longer master's courses with a significant research element, or for PhD candidates who do not reach sufficient level for the award of a doctorate³⁰⁷)
MPP - Master of Public Policy ³⁰⁸
MProf - Master of Professional Studies ³⁰⁹ or Master of Professional Practice³¹⁰
MRes - Master in Research³¹¹
- MbyRes - Master by Research
MSc - Master of Science³¹²
- MSc(Eur) - Master of Science (European)³¹³
- MScEcon - Master of Economic and Social Studies³¹⁴
- MScD - Master of Science in Dental Science³¹⁵
- MScHW - Master of Science in Health and Wellbeing
MSt - Master of Studies ³¹⁶
MSW - Master of Social Work³¹⁷
MTeach - Master of Teaching³¹⁸
MTL - Master of Teaching and Learning³¹⁹
MTh - Master of Theology ³²⁰
MTheol - Master of Theology ³²¹
MUniv - Master of the University (the MUniv is only ever an honorary degree)³²²
MusM - Master of Music ³²³

Doctoral degrees

UK doctoral degrees are at level 8 of the Framework for Higher Education Qualifications and are third cycle qualifications under the Bologna Process. All doctoral degrees include "original research or other advanced scholarship" demonstrating "the creation and interpretation of new knowledge".³²⁴

Due to the flexibility of Latin word order, there are two schools in the abbreviation of doctor's degrees. The two ancient universities of England split on this: at Cambridge, D follows the faculty (e.g. PhD, LittD.), while at Oxford the D precedes the faculty (e.g. DPhil, DLitt). Most universities in the UK followed Oxford for the higher doctorates but followed international precedent in using PhD for Doctor of Philosophy and professional doctorates.

The Framework for Higher Education Qualifications lays down the naming convention that Doctor of Philosophy is reserved for doctorates awarded on the basis of examination by thesis or publication, or by artefact, composition or performance accompanied by written academic commentary. Other doctorates (typically styled professional or specialist doctorates) that have substantial taught elements normally include the field in the name of the degree.³²⁵

Higher doctorates are normally awarded as honorary degrees (honoris causa), but can also be awarded on the basis of a substantial body of published work. DUniv is only ever an honorary degree. Some degrees awarded as higher doctorates by one institution may be awarded as professional doctorates by another (e.g. EngD).

Professional / specialist doctorates

AdminD - Doctor of Administration³²⁶
AMusD - Doctor of Musical Arts³²⁷
ClinPsyD - Doctor of Clinical Psychology ³²⁸
DAHP - Doctor of Advanced Healthcare Practice³²⁹
DAP - Doctor of Academic Practice³³⁰
DAppEdPsy - Doctor of Applied Educational Psychology³³¹
DBA - Doctor of Business Administration ³³²
DBAEngTech - Doctor of Business Administration Engineering Technology³³³
DBL - Doctor of Business Leadership³³⁴
DBS - Doctor of Biomedical Science³³⁵
DClinPrac - Doctor of Clinical Practice³³⁶
DClinPsy - Doctor of Clinical Psychology ³³⁷
DClinPsych - Doctor of Clinical Psychology ³³⁸ or Doctor of Clinical and Community Psychology³³⁹
DCouns - Doctor of Counselling³⁴⁰
DClinSci - Doctor of Clinical Science
DDP - Doctor of Design Practice³⁴¹
DDS - Doctor of Dental Surgery ³⁴²
DEd - Doctor of Education ³⁴³
DEdChPsy - Doctor of Educational and Child Psychology ³⁴⁴
DEdPsy - Doctor of Educational Psychology³⁴⁵
DEng - Doctor of Engineering ³⁴⁶ (awarded as a higher doctorate by some universities)
DFA - Doctor of Fine Arts
DFin - Doctor of Finance³⁴⁷
DFT - Doctor of Family Therapy³⁴⁸
DForenPsy - Doctor of Forensic Psychology³⁴⁹
DHealthPsy - Doctor of Health Psychology³⁵⁰
DHC - Doctor of Health Care³⁵¹
DHS - Doctor of Health Studies³⁵²
DHSc - Doctor of Health Science
DHum - Doctor of Humanities³⁵³
DHy - Doctor of Hygiene³⁵⁴
DLang - Doctor of Languages³⁵⁵
DM - Doctor of Medicine ³⁵⁶ (awarded by thesis at some universities; awarded as a higher doctorate at some universities)
DMA - Doctor of Musical Arts³⁵⁷
DMan - Doctor of Management³⁵⁸
DMet - Doctor of Metallurgy³⁵⁹
DMin - Doctor of Ministry³⁶⁰
DMus - Doctor of Music ³⁶¹ (awarded as a higher doctorate at some universities)
DMW - Doctor of Midwifery³⁶²
DNurs - Doctor of Nursing³⁶³
DNursSc - Doctor of Nursing Science
DOccTher - Doctor of Occupational Therapy³⁶⁴
DOT - Doctor of Occupational Therapy
DPA - Doctor of Public Administration³⁶⁵
DPH - Doctor of Public Health³⁶⁶
DProf - Doctor of Professional Studies ³⁶⁷
DProfCounsPsy - Professional Doctorate in Counseling Psychology
DProfHW - Professional Doctorate in Health and Wellbeing
DPS - Doctor of Professional Studies
DPT - Doctor of Physiotherapy³⁶⁸
- DPhysio - Doctor of Physiotherapy
DPT - Doctor of Physical Therapy
DPT - Doctor of Practical Theology ³⁶⁹ or Practical Theology Doctorate³⁷⁰
DSocCare - Doctor of Social Care³⁷¹
DSportExPsy - Doctor of Sport and Exercise Psychology³⁷²
DSportExSci - Doctor of Applied Sport and Exercise Science³⁷³
DSW - Doctor of Social Work ³⁷⁴
DTh - Doctor of Practical Theology ³⁷⁵
DThM - Doctor of Theology and Ministry³⁷⁶
DTour - Doctor of Tourism³⁷⁷
EdChPsychD - Doctor of Educational and Child Psychology
EdD - Doctor of Education ³⁷⁸
EDD - Professional Doctorate in Education
EdPsychD - Doctor of Educational Psychology³⁷⁹
EngD - Doctor of Engineering ³⁸⁰ or Engineering Doctorate³⁸¹
EntD - Doctor of Enterprise³⁸²
HScD - Doctor of Health Science ³⁸³
JD - Juris Doctor ³⁸⁴
MD - Doctor of Medicine (awarded by thesis at some universities; awarded as a higher doctorate at some universities)
MusD - Doctor of Music (awarded as a higher doctorate at some universities)
PsychD - Doctor of Psychology³⁸⁵
SocSciD - Doctor of Social Sciences³⁸⁶
SocScD - Doctor of Social Science
SPPD - Doctor of Social and Public Policy³⁸⁷
ThD - Doctor of Theology

Doctorates by thesis or composition

DDS - Doctor of Dental Surgery³⁸⁸
DNursSci -Doctor in Nursing Science³⁸⁹
DPhil - Doctor of Philosophy ³⁹⁰
MD - Doctor of Medicine³⁹¹
- MD(Res) - Doctor of Medicine (Research)³⁹²
PhD - Doctor of Philosophy ³⁹³

Higher and honorary degrees

DCh - Doctor of Surgery³⁹⁴
DCL - Doctor of Civil Law ³⁹⁵
DD - Doctor of Divinity ³⁹⁶
DDS – Doctor of Dental Surgery³⁹⁷
DDSc - Doctor of Dental Science³⁹⁸
DEd – Doctor of Education³⁹⁹
DHL - Doctor of Humane Letters
DLitt - Doctor of Letters ⁴⁰⁰
DLit - Doctor of Literature⁴⁰¹
- DLit(Ed) - Doctor of Literature (Education)⁴⁰²
DM - Doctor of Medicine ⁴⁰³
DMus - Doctor of Music⁴⁰⁴
- Hon DMus - Honorary Doctor of Music
Dr.h.c. or Dr.(h.c.) - Doctor honoris causa⁴⁰⁵
DSc - Doctor of Science⁴⁰⁶
- DSc(Econ) - Doctor of Science (Economics)⁴⁰⁷
- DSc(Eng) - Doctor of Science (Engineering)⁴⁰⁸
- DSc(Med) - Doctor of Science (Medicine)⁴⁰⁹
- DSc (Social Science) – Doctor of Science in Social Science⁴¹⁰
DScEcon - Doctor of Economic and Social Studies⁴¹¹
DTech - Doctor of Technology⁴¹²
DUniv - Doctor of the University ⁴¹³
DVM&S - Doctor of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery⁴¹⁴
EngD - Doctor of Engineering
LittD - Doctor of Letters
LLD - Doctor of Laws ⁴¹⁵
ScD - Doctor of Science
MA(h.c.) - Honorary Master of Arts (Oxford, Dublin and Cambridge)

References

The Frameworks for Higher Education Qualifications of UK Degree-Awarding Bodies (PDF). Quality Assurance Agency. November 2014. pp. 35–37. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2015-11-15. https://web.archive.org/web/20160305083730/http://www.qaa.ac.uk/en/Publications/Documents/qualifications-frameworks.pdf ↩
The Frameworks for Higher Education Qualifications of UK Degree-Awarding Bodies (PDF). Quality Assurance Agency. November 2014. pp. 28–29. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2015-11-15. https://web.archive.org/web/20160305083730/http://www.qaa.ac.uk/en/Publications/Documents/qualifications-frameworks.pdf ↩
The Frameworks for Higher Education Qualifications of UK Degree-Awarding Bodies (PDF). Quality Assurance Agency. November 2014. pp. 28–29. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2015-11-15. https://web.archive.org/web/20160305083730/http://www.qaa.ac.uk/en/Publications/Documents/qualifications-frameworks.pdf ↩
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Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
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Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
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Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
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Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
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Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
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Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
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Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
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Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
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The Frameworks for Higher Education Qualifications of UK Degree-Awarding Bodies (PDF). Quality Assurance Agency. November 2014. pp. 28–29. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2015-11-15. https://web.archive.org/web/20160305083730/http://www.qaa.ac.uk/en/Publications/Documents/qualifications-frameworks.pdf ↩
"Academic Dress". Durham University Calendar. Durham University. Retrieved 15 November 2015. https://www.dur.ac.uk/university.calendar/volumei/academic_dress/ ↩
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"Academic Dress". Durham University Calendar. Durham University. Retrieved 15 November 2015. https://www.dur.ac.uk/university.calendar/volumei/academic_dress/ ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Academic Regulations 2016–17" (PDF). Cardiff University. pp. 8–10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 January 2017. Retrieved 7 May 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170111020136/http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/architecture/files/2016/11/Academic-Regulations-2016-17.pdf ↩
"Academic Dress". Durham University Calendar. Durham University. Retrieved 15 November 2015. https://www.dur.ac.uk/university.calendar/volumei/academic_dress/ ↩
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"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Academic dress by degree" (PDF). University of Oxford. Retrieved 15 November 2015. http://www.ox.ac.uk/sites/files/oxford/field/field_document/Academic%20dress%20by%20degree_0.pdf ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Academic Regulations 2016–17" (PDF). Cardiff University. pp. 8–10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 January 2017. Retrieved 7 May 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170111020136/http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/architecture/files/2016/11/Academic-Regulations-2016-17.pdf ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Academic Regulations 2016–17" (PDF). Cardiff University. pp. 8–10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 January 2017. Retrieved 7 May 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170111020136/http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/architecture/files/2016/11/Academic-Regulations-2016-17.pdf ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Academic Dress". Durham University Calendar. Durham University. Retrieved 15 November 2015. https://www.dur.ac.uk/university.calendar/volumei/academic_dress/ ↩
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"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Post-Nominal Letters". Loughborough University. Retrieved 15 November 2015. http://www.lboro.ac.uk/students/graduation/certificates/postnominalletters/ ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Post-Nominal Letters". Loughborough University. Retrieved 15 November 2015. http://www.lboro.ac.uk/students/graduation/certificates/postnominalletters/ ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Post-Nominal Letters". Loughborough University. Retrieved 15 November 2015. http://www.lboro.ac.uk/students/graduation/certificates/postnominalletters/ ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Academic Dress". Durham University Calendar. Durham University. Retrieved 15 November 2015. https://www.dur.ac.uk/university.calendar/volumei/academic_dress/ ↩
"Post-Nominal Letters". Loughborough University. Retrieved 15 November 2015. http://www.lboro.ac.uk/students/graduation/certificates/postnominalletters/ ↩
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"Academic dress by degree" (PDF). University of Oxford. Retrieved 15 November 2015. http://www.ox.ac.uk/sites/files/oxford/field/field_document/Academic%20dress%20by%20degree_0.pdf ↩
"Academic dress by degree" (PDF). University of Oxford. Retrieved 15 November 2015. http://www.ox.ac.uk/sites/files/oxford/field/field_document/Academic%20dress%20by%20degree_0.pdf ↩
"Academic dress by degree" (PDF). University of Oxford. Retrieved 15 November 2015. http://www.ox.ac.uk/sites/files/oxford/field/field_document/Academic%20dress%20by%20degree_0.pdf ↩
"Mathematics and Statistics MMathStat Honours". Newcastle University. Retrieved 7 May 2017. http://www.ncl.ac.uk/undergraduate/degrees/ggc3/#courseoverview ↩
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"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Academic Regulations 2016–17" (PDF). Cardiff University. pp. 8–10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 January 2017. Retrieved 7 May 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170111020136/http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/architecture/files/2016/11/Academic-Regulations-2016-17.pdf ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"M.Ost (4 years, full-time)". British School of Osteopathy. Archived from the original on 13 May 2017. Retrieved 6 May 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170513163343/http://www.bso.ac.uk/train-to-be-an-osteopath/osteopathy-course-information/m.ost-degree-programme ↩
"Academic Dress". Durham University Calendar. Durham University. Retrieved 15 November 2015. https://www.dur.ac.uk/university.calendar/volumei/academic_dress/ ↩
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"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Post-Nominal Letters". Loughborough University. Retrieved 15 November 2015. http://www.lboro.ac.uk/students/graduation/certificates/postnominalletters/ ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Academic dress by degree" (PDF). University of Oxford. Retrieved 15 November 2015. http://www.ox.ac.uk/sites/files/oxford/field/field_document/Academic%20dress%20by%20degree_0.pdf ↩
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"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Post-Nominal Letters". Loughborough University. Retrieved 15 November 2015. http://www.lboro.ac.uk/students/graduation/certificates/postnominalletters/ ↩
"Master of Natural Sciences". Statutes and Ordinances of the University of Cambridge. University of Cambridge. Retrieved 15 November 2015. https://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/univ/so/2015/chapter07-section11.html ↩
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"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Ordinance 5". Calendar 2011–12. University of Exeter. Retrieved 7 May 2017. http://www.exeter.ac.uk/staff/policies/calendar/archive/2011-12/part1/ordinances/5/ ↩
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"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
The Frameworks for Higher Education Qualifications of UK Degree-Awarding Bodies (pdf) (2nd ed.). Quality Assurance Agency. February 2024. p. 12. Retrieved 17 March 2025. https://www.qaa.ac.uk/docs/qaa/quality-code/the-frameworks-for-higher-education-qualifications-of-uk-degree-awarding-bodies-2024.pdf ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Academic dress by degree" (PDF). University of Oxford. Retrieved 15 November 2015. http://www.ox.ac.uk/sites/files/oxford/field/field_document/Academic%20dress%20by%20degree_0.pdf ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
The Frameworks for Higher Education Qualifications of UK Degree-Awarding Bodies (pdf) (2nd ed.). Quality Assurance Agency. February 2024. p. 12. Retrieved 17 March 2025. https://www.qaa.ac.uk/docs/qaa/quality-code/the-frameworks-for-higher-education-qualifications-of-uk-degree-awarding-bodies-2024.pdf ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
The Frameworks for Higher Education Qualifications of UK Degree-Awarding Bodies (pdf) (2nd ed.). Quality Assurance Agency. February 2024. p. 12. Retrieved 17 March 2025. https://www.qaa.ac.uk/docs/qaa/quality-code/the-frameworks-for-higher-education-qualifications-of-uk-degree-awarding-bodies-2024.pdf ↩
"Discover Uni record 2024/25 - List of KISCourse.KISAIM valid entries". HESA. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 Mar 2025. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/collection/c24061/kiscourseaim ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
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Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
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Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
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Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
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Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
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"Core Regulations for Research Degrees by Thesis or Composition" (PDF). Durham University Calendar. Durham University. Retrieved 15 November 2015. https://www.dur.ac.uk/resources/university.calendar/volumeii/2015.2016/coreregsrdtc.pdf ↩
"The provision of degrees and awards". Imperial College London. Retrieved 15 November 2015. http://www.imperial.ac.uk/admin-services/secretariat/college-governance/charters-statutes-ordinances-and-regulations/ordinances/academic/ ↩
"Post-Nominal Letters". Loughborough University. Retrieved 15 November 2015. http://www.lboro.ac.uk/students/graduation/certificates/postnominalletters/ ↩
"Academic Dress: Doctorates". Newcastle University. Retrieved 22 May 2017. http://www.ncl.ac.uk/congregations/ceremonies/gownhire/dress/doctorate/ ↩
"Core Regulations for Higher Doctorates" (PDF). Durham University Calendar. Durham University. Retrieved 15 November 2015. https://www.dur.ac.uk/resources/university.calendar/volumeii/2015.2016/coreregshd.pdf ↩
"Academic Dress". Durham University Calendar. Durham University. Retrieved 15 November 2015. https://www.dur.ac.uk/university.calendar/volumei/academic_dress/ ↩
"Honorary Degrees - Procedure Guide". University of Edinburgh. Retrieved 10 July 2021. https://www.ed.ac.uk/student-administration/graduations/honorary/degree-procedure ↩
"Academic Regulations 2016–17" (PDF). Cardiff University. pp. 8–10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 January 2017. Retrieved 7 May 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170111020136/http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/architecture/files/2016/11/Academic-Regulations-2016-17.pdf ↩
"Honorary Degrees - Procedure Guide". University of Edinburgh. Retrieved 10 July 2021. https://www.ed.ac.uk/student-administration/graduations/honorary/degree-procedure ↩
"Post-Nominal Letters". Loughborough University. Retrieved 15 November 2015. http://www.lboro.ac.uk/students/graduation/certificates/postnominalletters/ ↩
"The provision of degrees and awards". Imperial College London. Retrieved 15 November 2015. http://www.imperial.ac.uk/admin-services/secretariat/college-governance/charters-statutes-ordinances-and-regulations/ordinances/academic/ ↩
"The provision of degrees and awards". Imperial College London. Retrieved 15 November 2015. http://www.imperial.ac.uk/admin-services/secretariat/college-governance/charters-statutes-ordinances-and-regulations/ordinances/academic/ ↩
"Academic dress by degree" (PDF). University of Oxford. Retrieved 15 November 2015. http://www.ox.ac.uk/sites/files/oxford/field/field_document/Academic%20dress%20by%20degree_0.pdf ↩
"Core Regulations for Higher Doctorates" (PDF). Durham University Calendar. Durham University. Retrieved 15 November 2015. https://www.dur.ac.uk/resources/university.calendar/volumeii/2015.2016/coreregshd.pdf ↩
Nicholas Grooves (2011). Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland (3rd ed.). Burgon Society. pp. 43–49. ISBN 9780956127235. 9780956127235 ↩
"Post-Nominal Letters". Loughborough University. Retrieved 15 November 2015. http://www.lboro.ac.uk/students/graduation/certificates/postnominalletters/ ↩
"The provision of degrees and awards". Imperial College London. Retrieved 15 November 2015. http://www.imperial.ac.uk/admin-services/secretariat/college-governance/charters-statutes-ordinances-and-regulations/ordinances/academic/ ↩
"The provision of degrees and awards". Imperial College London. Retrieved 15 November 2015. http://www.imperial.ac.uk/admin-services/secretariat/college-governance/charters-statutes-ordinances-and-regulations/ordinances/academic/ ↩
"The provision of degrees and awards". Imperial College London. Retrieved 15 November 2015. http://www.imperial.ac.uk/admin-services/secretariat/college-governance/charters-statutes-ordinances-and-regulations/ordinances/academic/ ↩
"Honorary Degrees - Procedure Guide". University of Edinburgh. Retrieved 10 July 2021. https://www.ed.ac.uk/student-administration/graduations/honorary/degree-procedure ↩
"Academic Regulations 2016–17" (PDF). Cardiff University. pp. 8–10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 January 2017. Retrieved 7 May 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170111020136/http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/architecture/files/2016/11/Academic-Regulations-2016-17.pdf ↩
"Post-Nominal Letters". Loughborough University. Retrieved 15 November 2015. http://www.lboro.ac.uk/students/graduation/certificates/postnominalletters/ ↩
"Post-Nominal Letters". Loughborough University. Retrieved 15 November 2015. http://www.lboro.ac.uk/students/graduation/certificates/postnominalletters/ ↩
"Honorary Degrees - Procedure Guide". University of Edinburgh. Retrieved 10 July 2021. https://www.ed.ac.uk/student-administration/graduations/honorary/degree-procedure ↩
"Academic Regulations 2016–17" (PDF). Cardiff University. pp. 8–10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 January 2017. Retrieved 7 May 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170111020136/http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/architecture/files/2016/11/Academic-Regulations-2016-17.pdf ↩

Overview

Anomalies

Undergraduate Master of Arts degrees

Master's level bachelor's degrees

Bachelor/Master/Doctor of Philosophy

Foundation level qualifications

Bachelor's level qualifications

Master's level qualifications

Undergraduate-entry degrees

Integrated master's degrees

Primary dental qualifications

Primary medical qualifications

Primary veterinary qualifications

Postgraduate degrees

Doctoral degrees

Professional / specialist doctorates

Doctorates by thesis or composition

Higher and honorary degrees

See also

References