GoodRelations is a Web Ontology Language-compliant ontology for Semantic Web online data, dealing with business-related goods and services. It handles the individual relationships between a buyer, a seller and the products and services offered. In November 2012, it was integrated into the Schema.org ontology.
Usage
GoodRelations became popular owing to its success in improving search engine results.3
By 2009, the ontology's Product concept was being used to describe over a million products and their prices.4 By 2013, GoodRelations had been adopted by the search engines Yahoo!,56 Google,7 and Bing.8 An analysis of online e-commerce data providers at that time found it to be the most prevalent ontology in use.9 As of mid-2015, GoodRelations had become the de facto ontology for e-commerce,1011 and was in widespread use, having been adopted by retailers such as BestBuy.12
GoodRelations is additionally used in academic studies of the Semantic Web,1314 as a core ontology.1516
Example
A shop, restaurant, or store, and its opening hours, may be specified using GoodRelations as in this example, which also uses vCard and FOAF:17
<div xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" xmlns:gr="http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1#" xmlns:vcard="http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns#" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"> <div about="#store" typeof="gr:Location"> <div property="gr:name" content="Pizzeria La Mamma"></div> <div rel="vcard:adr"> <div typeof="vcard:Address"> <div property="vcard:country-name" content="Germany"></div> <div property="vcard:locality" content="Munich"></div> <div property="vcard:postal-code" content="85577"></div> <div property="vcard:street-address" content="1234 Main Street"></div> </div> </div> <div property="vcard:tel" content="+33 408 970-6104"></div> <div rel="foaf:depiction" resource="http://www.pizza-la-mamma.com/image_or_logo.png"> </div> <div rel="vcard:geo"> <div> <div property="vcard:latitude" content="48.08" datatype="xsd:float"></div> <div property="vcard:longitude" content="11.64" datatype="xsd:float"></div> </div> </div> <div rel="gr:hasOpeningHoursSpecification"> <div about="#mon_fri" typeof="gr:OpeningHoursSpecification"> <div property="gr:opens" content="08:00:00" datatype="xsd:time"></div> <div property="gr:closes" content="18:00:00" datatype="xsd:time"></div> <div rel="gr:hasOpeningHoursDayOfWeek" resource="http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1#Friday"></div> <div rel="gr:hasOpeningHoursDayOfWeek" resource="http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1#Thursday"></div> <div rel="gr:hasOpeningHoursDayOfWeek" resource="http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1#Wednesday"></div> <div rel="gr:hasOpeningHoursDayOfWeek" resource="http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1#Tuesday"></div> <div rel="gr:hasOpeningHoursDayOfWeek" resource="http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1#Monday"></div> </div> </div> <div rel="gr:hasOpeningHoursSpecification"> <div about="#sat" typeof="gr:OpeningHoursSpecification"> <div property="gr:opens" content="08:30:00" datatype="xsd:time"></div> <div property="gr:closes" content="14:00:00" datatype="xsd:time"></div> <div rel="gr:hasOpeningHoursDayOfWeek" resource="http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1#Saturday"></div> </div> </div> <div rel="foaf:page" resource=""></div> </div> </div>Citations
Sources
- Sikos, Leslie (2015). Mastering Structured Data on the Semantic Web: From HTML5 Microdata to Linked Open Data. Apress. ISBN 978-1-484-21049-9.
- Antoniou, Grigoris; Harmelen, Frank van; Hoekstra, Rinke (2012). A Semantic Web Primer. MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-01828-9.
- Hepp, Martin; Hoffner, Yigal (2014). E-Commerce and Web Technologies: 15th International Conference, EC-Web 2014, Munich, Germany, September 1–4, 2014, Proceedings. ISBN 978-3-319-10491-1.
- Siegel, David (2009). Pull: The Power of the Semantic Web to Transform Your Business. Penguin. ISBN 978-1-101-16303-0.
References
Antoniou, Harmelen & Hoekstra 2012, p. 176. - Antoniou, Grigoris; Harmelen, Frank van; Hoekstra, Rinke (2012). A Semantic Web Primer. MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-01828-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=tYb6AQAAQBAJ&q=goodrelations&pg=PA175 ↩
Hepp & Hoffner 2014, p. 34. - Hepp, Martin; Hoffner, Yigal (2014). E-Commerce and Web Technologies: 15th International Conference, EC-Web 2014, Munich, Germany, September 1–4, 2014, Proceedings. ISBN 978-3-319-10491-1. ↩
Antoniou, Harmelen & Hoekstra 2012, pp. 176–177. - Antoniou, Grigoris; Harmelen, Frank van; Hoekstra, Rinke (2012). A Semantic Web Primer. MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-01828-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=tYb6AQAAQBAJ&q=goodrelations&pg=PA175 ↩
Siegel 2009, p. 71. - Siegel, David (2009). Pull: The Power of the Semantic Web to Transform Your Business. Penguin. ISBN 978-1-101-16303-0. ↩
Ashraf, Jamshaid; Hussain, Omar Khadeer; Hussain, Farookh Khadeer (4 July 2013). "Empirical analysis of domain ontology usage on the Web: eCommerce domain in focus". Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience. 26 (5): 1157–1184. doi:10.1002/cpe.3089. S2CID 44337539. To comprehensively understand the usage patterns of conceptual knowledge, instance data, and ontology co-usability, we considered GoodRelations ontology as the domain ontology and built a dataset by collecting structured data from 211 web-based data sources that have published information using the domain ontology. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Sikos 2015, p. 16. - Sikos, Leslie (2015). Mastering Structured Data on the Semantic Web: From HTML5 Microdata to Linked Open Data. Apress. ISBN 978-1-484-21049-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=mGYnCgAAQBAJ&q=goodrelations&pg=PA16 ↩
Ashraf, Jamshaid; Hussain, Omar Khadeer; Hussain, Farookh Khadeer (4 July 2013). "Empirical analysis of domain ontology usage on the Web: eCommerce domain in focus". Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience. 26 (5): 1157–1184. doi:10.1002/cpe.3089. S2CID 44337539. To comprehensively understand the usage patterns of conceptual knowledge, instance data, and ontology co-usability, we considered GoodRelations ontology as the domain ontology and built a dataset by collecting structured data from 211 web-based data sources that have published information using the domain ontology. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Ashraf, Jamshaid; Hussain, Omar Khadeer; Hussain, Farookh Khadeer (4 July 2013). "Empirical analysis of domain ontology usage on the Web: eCommerce domain in focus". Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience. 26 (5): 1157–1184. doi:10.1002/cpe.3089. S2CID 44337539. To comprehensively understand the usage patterns of conceptual knowledge, instance data, and ontology co-usability, we considered GoodRelations ontology as the domain ontology and built a dataset by collecting structured data from 211 web-based data sources that have published information using the domain ontology. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Ashraf, Jamshaid; Hussain, Omar Khadeer; Hussain, Farookh Khadeer (4 July 2013). "Empirical analysis of domain ontology usage on the Web: eCommerce domain in focus". Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience. 26 (5): 1157–1184. doi:10.1002/cpe.3089. S2CID 44337539. To comprehensively understand the usage patterns of conceptual knowledge, instance data, and ontology co-usability, we considered GoodRelations ontology as the domain ontology and built a dataset by collecting structured data from 211 web-based data sources that have published information using the domain ontology. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Sikos 2015, p. 16. - Sikos, Leslie (2015). Mastering Structured Data on the Semantic Web: From HTML5 Microdata to Linked Open Data. Apress. ISBN 978-1-484-21049-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=mGYnCgAAQBAJ&q=goodrelations&pg=PA16 ↩
Svátek, Vojtěch; Dudáš, Marek; Zamazal, Ondřej (October 2016). "Adapting ontologies to best-practice artifacts using transformation patterns: Method, implementation and use cases". Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web. 40: 52–64. doi:10.1016/j.websem.2016.07.002. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Sikos 2015, p. 16. - Sikos, Leslie (2015). Mastering Structured Data on the Semantic Web: From HTML5 Microdata to Linked Open Data. Apress. ISBN 978-1-484-21049-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=mGYnCgAAQBAJ&q=goodrelations&pg=PA16 ↩
Rodríguez-García, Miguel Ángel; Valencia-García, Rafael; García-Sánchez, Francisco; Samper-Zapater, J. Javier (1 March 2014). "Creating a semantically-enhanced cloud services environment through ontology evolution". Future Generation Computer Systems. 32: 295–306. doi:10.1016/j.future.2013.08.003. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Barta, Robert; Feilmayr, Christina; Pröll, Birgit; Grün, Christoph; Werthner, Hannes (3 July 2017). "Covering the semantic space of tourism". Covering the Semantic Space of Tourism: An Approach Based on Modularized Ontologies. ACM. pp. 1:1–1:8. doi:10.1145/1552262.1552263. ISBN 9781605585284. S2CID 18590141. 9781605585284 ↩
Ashraf, Jamshaid; Hussain, Omar Khadeer; Hussain, Farookh Khadeer (4 July 2013). "Empirical analysis of domain ontology usage on the Web: eCommerce domain in focus". Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience. 26 (5): 1157–1184. doi:10.1002/cpe.3089. S2CID 44337539. To comprehensively understand the usage patterns of conceptual knowledge, instance data, and ontology co-usability, we considered GoodRelations ontology as the domain ontology and built a dataset by collecting structured data from 211 web-based data sources that have published information using the domain ontology. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Svátek, Vojtěch; Dudáš, Marek; Zamazal, Ondřej (October 2016). "Adapting ontologies to best-practice artifacts using transformation patterns: Method, implementation and use cases". Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web. 40: 52–64. doi:10.1016/j.websem.2016.07.002. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
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