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Financial assistance in post-graduate programs

The GATE is used as a requirement for financial assistance (e.g. scholarships) for a number of programs, though criteria differ by admitting institution.² In December 2015, the University Grants Commission and MHRD announced that the scholarship for GATE-qualified master's degree students is increased by 56% from ₹8,000 (US$95) per month to ₹12,400 (US$150) per month.³⁴

Eligibility

The following students are eligible to take GATE:

• Bachelor's degree holders in Engineering / Technology / Architecture (3 years after 10+2/ 10+2+3(ongoing)/ 10+2+4(ongoing)/ Post-B.Sc./ Post-Diploma) and those who are in the final year of such programs ( Also prefinal year of B.tech).
• Master's degree holders in any branch of Science/Mathematics/Statistics/Computer Applications or equivalent and those who are in the final year of such programs.
• Candidates in the second or

-year integrated master's degree programs (Post-B.Sc.) in Engineering / Technology.

• Candidates in the fourth or higher year of Five-year integrated master's degree programs or Dual Degree programs in Engineering / Technology.
• Candidates with qualifications obtained through examinations conducted by professional societies recognized by UGC/AICTE (e.g. AMIE by IE(India), AMICE by the Institute of Civil Engineers (India)-ICE(I), AMIETE By IETE(India)) as equivalent to B.E./B.Tech.
• A candidate who is currently studying in the 3rd or higher years of any undergraduate degree program OR has already completed any government approved degree program in
• Engineering / Technology / Architecture / Science / Commerce / Arts is eligible to appear for GATE 2022 examination. Those who have completed section A or equivalent of such professional courses are also eligible.

There is no age limit criterion defined by the exam conducting authority to appear in GATE.

Disciplines, structure, syllabus, and marking scheme

Disciplines

At present, GATE is conducted in the following 30 disciplines. A candidate can select any one or two of these subjects relevant to his/her discipline.⁵

From 2022, 2 new papers were introduced: GE (Geomatics Engineering) and NM (Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering).⁶

GATE Paper	Code
Aerospace Engineering	AE
Instrumentation Engineering	IN
Agricultural Engineering	AG
Mathematics	MA
Architecture and Planning	AR
Biomedical	BM
Biotechnology	BT
Civil Engineering	CE
Petroleum Engineering	PE
Chemical Engineering	CH
Physics	PH
Computer Science and Information Technology	CS
Production and Industrial Engineering	PI
Chemistry	CY
Textile Engineering and Fiber Science	TF
Electronics and Communication Engineering	EC
Engineering Sciences	XE*
Electrical Engineering	EE
Life Sciences	XL**
Environmental Science and Engineering	ES
Humanities and Social Sciences	XH***
Ecology and Evolution	EY
Statistics	ST7
Geology and Geophysics	GG
Geomatics Engineering	GE
Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering	NM
Data Science and Artificial Intelligence	DA

The paper sections under XE*, XL** and XH*** are defined by some dedicated codes which are mentioned in the following table-

* Engineering Sciences (XE) Paper Sections (A and any 2 of B to H)	Code	** Life Sciences (XL) Paper Sections (P and any 2 of Q to U)	Code	Humanities and Social Sciences (XH) Paper Sections (B1 and any 1 of C1 to C6)	Code
Engineering Mathematics (Compulsory)	A	Chemistry (Compulsory)	P	Reasoning and Comprehension (Compulsory)	B1
Fluid Mechanics	B	Biochemistry	Q	Economics	C1
Materials Science	C	Botany	R	English	C2
Solid Mechanics	D	Microbiology	S	Linguistics	C3
Thermodynamics	E	Zoology	T	Philosophy	C4
Polymer Science and Engineering	F	Food Technology	U	Psychology	C5
Food Technology	G			Sociology	C6
Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences	H

Duration and examination type

The examination is of 3 hours duration, and contains a total of 65 questions worth a maximum of 100 marks. The examination for all the papers is carried out in an online Computer Based Test (CBT) mode where the candidates are shown the questions in a random sequence on a computer screen. The questions consist of some Multiple Choice Questions or MCQs (four answer options out of which only ONE is correct, which has to be chosen). Remaining questions may be of Multiple Select Questions or MSQs (four answer options out of which ONE or MORE than ONE is/are correct, hence correct options need to be chosen) and/or Numerical Answer Type questions or NATs (answer is a real number, to be entered via an on-screen keypad and computer mouse).⁸

Syllabus

• Verbal Ability: English grammar, sentence completion, verbal analogies, word groups, instructions, critical reasoning and verbal deduction.
• Numerical Ability: Numerical computation, numerical estimation, numerical reasoning and data interpretation.
• Engineering Mathematics (not for all Papers)
• Technical Ability: Technical questions related to the Paper chosen

Questions and marking scheme

The examination will consist of totally 65 questions, segregated as One-mark and Two-mark questions. Out of 65 questions, 10 questions will be from General Aptitude (Verbal and Numerical ability) and 55 questions will be Technical, based on the Paper chosen. The General Aptitude section will have 5 One-mark questions and 5 Two-mark questions, accounting for about 15% of total marks. The Technical section and Engineering Mathematics section will combinedly have 25 One-mark questions and 30 Two-mark questions, accounting for about 85% of total marks. Further, all the sections may have some Multiple Choice Questions or MCQs, while remaining questions may be Multiple Select Questions or MSQs and/or Numerical Answer Type questions or NATs. The examination awards negative marks for wrong MCQ answers. Usually, 1/3rd of original marks will be deducted for wrong MCQ answers (i.e. -0.33 for wrong One-mark answers and -0.66 for wrong Two-mark answers) while there are no negative marks for MSQs and NATs. Also there is NO partial credit for MSQs and NATs.

Result and test score

GATE results are usually declared about one month after the examinations are over. The results show the total marks scored by a candidate, the GATE score, the all-India rank (AIR) and the cut off marks for various categories in the candidate's paper. The score is valid for 3 years from the date of announcement of the GATE results. The score cards are issued only to qualified candidates.

Normalized GATE Score (new procedure)

Calculation of "normalized marks" for subjects held in multiple sessions (CE, CS, EC, EE and ME):

From 2014 onward, examination for CE, CS, EC, ME and EE subjects is being held in multiple sessions. Hence, for these subjects, a suitable normalization is applied to take into account any variation in the difficulty levels of the question sets across different sessions. The normalization is done based on the fundamental assumption that "in all multi-session GATE papers, the distribution of abilities of candidates is the same across all the sessions". According to the GATE committee, this assumption is justified since "the number of candidates appearing in multi-session subjects in GATE 2014 is large and the procedure of allocation of session to candidates is random. Further it is also ensured that for the same multi-session subject, the number of candidates allotted in each session is of the same order of magnitude."

Based on the above, and considering various normalization methods, the committee arrived at the following formula for calculating the normalized marks, for CE, CS, EC, EE and ME subjects:⁹

Normalized mark (︿Mij) of jth candidate in ith session, is given by

M ^ i j = M ¯ t g − M q g M t i − M i q ( M i j − M i q ) + M q g {\displaystyle {\hat {M}}_{ij}={\frac {{\bar {M}}_{t}^{g}-M_{q}^{g}}{M_{ti}-M_{iq}}}(M_{ij}-M_{iq})+M_{q}^{g}} where,

Mij is the actual marks obtained by the jth candidate in the ith session, Mgt is the average marks of the top 0.1 % candidates in all sessions of that subject, Mgq is the sum of mean and standard deviation of marks of all candidates in all sessions of that subject, Mti is the average of marks of top 0.1 % candidates in the ith session of that subject, Miq is the sum of mean and standard deviation of marks of all candidates in the ith session of that subject.

After evaluation of the answers, normalized marks based on the above formula will be calculated using the raw (actual) marks obtained by a candidate in the CE, CS, EC, EE or ME subject. The "score" will be calculated using these normalized marks. For all other subjects (whose tests are conducted in a single session), the actual marks obtained by the candidates will be used in calculating the score.

Calculation of GATE Score for all subjects (single-session and multiple-session):

From GATE 2014 onward (and year 2014-15 of the 2-year validity period of GATE 2013 score), a candidate's GATE score is computed by the following new formula.¹⁰ S = S q + ( S t − S q ) M − M q M ¯ t − M q {\displaystyle S=S_{q}+(S_{t}-S_{q}){\frac {M-M_{q}}{{\overline {M}}_{t}-M_{q}}}} where,

S = Score (normalized) of a candidate, M = Marks obtained by a candidate ("normalized marks" in case of multiple-session subjects CE, CS, EC, EE and ME), Mq = Qualifying marks for general category candidates in that subject (usually 25 or μ + σ, whichever is higher), μ = Average (i.e. arithmetic mean) of marks of all candidates in that subject, σ = Standard deviation of marks of all candidates in that subject, Mt = Average marks of top 0.1 % candidates (for subjects with 10000 or more appeared candidates) or top 10 candidates (for subjects with less than 10000 appeared candidates), St = 900 = Score assigned to Mt, Sq = 350 = Score assigned to Mq.

Percentile:

A candidate's percentile denotes the percentage of candidates scoring lower than that particular candidate. It is calculated as:

Percentile = ( 1 - ⁠All India rank/ No. of candidates in that subject⁠ ) x 100%

Old formula

Till GATE 2012 (and year 2013-14 of the 2-year validity period of GATE 2013 score), the score was calculated using the formula:¹¹

GATE score = 10 ( a g + s g m − a S ) {\displaystyle 10(a_{g}+s_{g}{\frac {m-a}{S}})}

where,

m = Marks obtained by the candidate, a = Average of marks of all candidates who appeared in that subject, in that year, with marks less than zero converted to zero, S = Standard deviation of marks of all candidates who appeared in that subject, in that year, with marks less than zero converted to zero, ag = Global average of marks of all candidates who appeared across all subjects in current and past 5 years (i.e. 2010 to 2013 for GATE 2013), with marks less than zero converted to zero, sg = Global standard deviation of marks of all candidates who appeared across all subjects in current and past 5 years (i.e. 2010 to 2013 for GATE 2013), with marks less than zero converted to zero.

Qualifying marks

The rules for qualifying marks have varied from year to year. The qualifying marks (out of 100) are different for different subjects as well as categories.

Category	Qualifying mark (out of 100)
General (GN)	25 or 25+, whichever is higher.
Other backward classes (OBC)	90% of general category's qualifying mark.
Scheduled castes (SC) and scheduled tribes (ST)	2/3 (i.e., 66.67%) of general category's qualifying mark.

Here μ is the average (i.e., arithmetic mean) of marks of all candidates in the subject (with negative marks converted to zero) and σ is the standard deviation of all marks in that subject.

Usually, the general category's qualifying mark is in the 25 to 50 range.

The Government of India implemented reservations for other backward classes in college admissions and public sector job recruitment in the year 2008. Before that, all OBC candidates were included in the "general" category. There was no separate OBC category then.

Statistics

Sources:¹²¹³

The following line chart shows the number of candidates registered, appeared, and qualified (total of all subjects).

  Registered   Appeared   Qualified

Year	Registered	Appeared	Qualified	Percentage of appeared that qualified	Reference(s)
2006	184,308	170,252	33,813	19.86%	14
2007	168,917	153,822	44,387	28.86%
2008	184,672	166,027	31,694	19.09%
2009	230,341	212,130	35,273	16.63%
2010	460,541	420,596	59,853	14.23%
2011	612,568	558,480	96,239	17.23%
2012	777,134	686,614	108,526	15.81%	15
2013	1,200,728	984,855	136,699	13.88%	16
2014	1,033,625	889,156	149,694	16.84%	17
2015	927,580	804,463	121,060 [13,874 general category candidates who scored above the OBC (NCL) qualifying mark, but below the general category qualifying mark, received scorecards. But they did not qualify.]	15.05%	18
2016	971,831	818,850	135,392	16.53%	19
2017	922,167	787,148	129,149	16.00%	20
2018	934,461	781,854	132,245	16.91%	21
2019	927,616	770,681	140,955	18.28%
2020	858,890	685,088	129,000*	18.80%22
2021	882,684	711,542	126,813	17.82%	23
2022	845,432	597,030	112,678	18.87%	2425
2023	670,000*	517,000*	93,000*	18.00*%	26
2024	826,239	653,292	TBD	TBD	27
2025	936,019	747,319

* Precise figures unavailable right now.

The following line chart shows the variation of the number of candidates appeared in the 5 subjects with the largest numbers of appeared candidates, since GATE 2010:

  Electronics and Communication Engineering (EC)   Computer Science and Information Technology (CS)   Mechanical Engineering (ME)   Electrical Engineering (EE)   Civil Engineering (CE)   All other subjects

Year	Electronics and Communication Engineering	Computer Science and Information Technology	Mechanical Engineering	Electrical Engineering	Civil Engineering	Others	Total	Reference(s)
2010	104,291	107,086	59,338	52,246	19,406	About 72,000*	About 415,000*	28[unreliable source?]
2011	137,853	136,027	81,175	72,680	29,347	About 96,000*	About 553,000*	29[unreliable source?]
2012	176,944	156,780	112,320	110,125	36,156	94,289	686,614	30
2013	256,135	224,160	165,814	152,381	67,472	118,893	984,855	31
2014	216,367	155,190	185,578	141,799	90,872	99,350	889,156	32
2015	172,714	115,425	185,758	125,851	101,429	103,286	804,463	33
2016	183,152	131,803	234,727	146,293	118,147	4728	818,850
2017	152,318	108,495	197,789	125,859	119,873	82814	787,148
2018	125,870	107,893	194,496	121,383	153,078
2022	54,292	77,257	89,567	69,734	100,043		597,030	34
2023	45,833	75,679	63,489	55,292	83,187			35
2024	63,092	123,967	65,546	59,599	85,869	255,219	653,292	36
2025	81,475	170,825	62,015	67,701	79,951

* Precise figures unavailable right now.

Gate Statistics by Years

GATE 2012 statistics

The three hour test in 21 papers was conducted in 860 centers and 170 cities/towns across the country on two days: the computer based online exam in six papers on 29 January 2012 and the offline exam in the remaining fifteen papers on 12 February 2012. A total of 7,77,134 candidates registered for GATE 2012 and 6,86,614 candidates appeared for the exam. Nearly 81% of the total number of candidates who appeared for GATE 2012 were from four papers: Electronics and Communication Engineering (1,76,944), Computer Science and Information Technology (1,56,780), Mechanical Engineering (1,12,320) and Electrical Engineering (1,10,125).37 100,000200,000300,000400,000500,000600,000700,000AppearedQualified   Male   Female Male Female Total Registered NA NA 777,134 Appeared 501,416 185,198 686,614 Qualified 85,630 22,896 108,526 Percentage of appeared that qualified 17.08% 12.36% 15.81% Subject No. of candidates appeared38 Electronics and Communication Engineering 176,944 Computer Science and Information Technology 156,780 Mechanical Engineering 112,320 Electrical Engineering 110,125 Civil Engineering 36,156 Instrumentation engineering 21,509 Chemical Engineering 11,407 Others 61,373 Total 686,614 The total number of candidates qualified in GATE 2012 is 1,08,526. This year, 30,294 OBC candidates qualified in the test, while 23,765 SC/ST and 447 physically challenged candidates qualified. Out of 1,85,198 female candidates who appeared in GATE 2012, 22,896 candidates qualified.39 The IIT Delhi zone topped among the other zones with 18,927 candidates figuring in the list of qualified candidates, followed by IIT Madras (17,343), IIT Kharagpur (15,735), IISc Bangalore (14,379), IIT Kanpur (12,469), IIT Roorkee (12,328), IIT Bombay (12,287), and IIT Guwahati (5,058).40

GATE 2013 statistics

250,000500,000750,0001,000,0001,250,0001,500,000RegisteredAppearedQualified   Male   Female   Other Male Female Other Total Registered 723508 477194 26 1200728 Appeared 639326 345510 19 984855 Qualified 108124 28572 3 136699 Percentage of appeared that qualified 16.91% 8.27% 15.79% 13.88% 250,000500,000750,0001,000,0001,250,0001,500,000RegisteredAppearedQualified   General category (GN)   Other backward classes (OBC)   Scheduled castes (SC)   Scheduled tribes (ST) General category (GN) Other backward classes (OBC) Scheduled castes (SC) Scheduled tribes (ST) Total Registered 618265 412191 137137 33135 1200728 Appeared 496284 347617 113163 27758 984855 Qualified 72125 41237 18936 4401 136699 Percentage of appeared that qualified 14.53% 11.86% 16.73% 15.85% 13.88% A total of 1,200,728 candidates registered for GATE 2013 and 984,855 candidates (82.02%) appeared for the exam, of which 136,699 (13.88%) qualified in GATE 2013.41 The three-hour test was conducted on two days over four sessions in total. The computer based online exam for 2,02,223 candidates in fifteen papers was conducted in 572 centers spread over 123 cities and towns across the country on 20 January 2013. The offline exam for 9,98,505 candidates in the remaining six papers was conducted in 992 centers spread over 183 cities and towns across the country on 10 February 2013.42 A larger fraction of the registered men appeared (88%) for the exam than women candidates (72%). Nearly 81% of the total number of candidates who appeared for GATE 2013 were from four papers: Electronics and Communication Engineering (2,56,135), Computer Science and Information Technology (2,24,160), Mechanical Engineering (1,65,814) and Electrical Engineering (1,52,381).43 Women formed 20.9% of the total qualified candidates. As per the candidate supplied category (General, OBC-NC, SC, and ST) information, among the qualified candidates, 72,125 belong to General, 41,237 to OBC-NC, 18,936 to SC, and 4,401 to ST category. Physically challenged candidates comprised a total of 1,136 among the qualified in various categories.44 The top five States that had qualified candidates as their permanent residence were Andhra Pradesh (22,476), Uttar Pradesh (22,400), Maharashtra (9,951), Bihar (9,820), and Kerala (8,992).45 The city of New Delhi has the maximum number of qualified candidates who had mentioned it as their correspondence address. "Correspondence address City" has a slightly different bearing compared to the "Permanent State". While the Permanent Residence State often relates to the "Native" State or State where their Parents/Guardians live, the Correspondence City is mostly related to the current residence, which is more likely to be the place of study or employment.46 Subject Appeared Qualified Percentage of appeared that qualified Electronics and Communication Engineering (EC) 256135 36394 14.21% Computer Science and Information Technology (CS) 224160 17440 7.78% Mechanical Engineering (ME) 165814 24573 14.82% Electrical Engineering (EE) 152381 25342 16.63% Civil Engineering (CE) 67472 11920 17.67% Instrumentation Engineering (IN) 28249 3376 11.95% Biotechnology (BT) 16159 3424 21.19% Chemical Engineering (CH) 14835 2887 19.46% Life Sciences (XL) 12920 2675 20.70% Chemistry (CY) 11768 2362 20.07% Physics (PH) 7497 1000 13.34% Mathematics (MA) 4963 800 16.12% Aerospace Engineering (AE) 4523 843 18.64% Production and Industrial Engineering (PI) 3871 679 17.54% Geology and Geophysics (GG) 2765 629 22.75% Architecture and Planning (AR) 2718 580 21.34% Metallurgical Engineering (MT) 2663 635 23.85% Engineering Sciences (XE) 2476 501 20.23% Others (4 subjects) 3486 639 18.33% Total (22 subjects) 984855 136699 13.88 % 47Permanent state-wise distribution of the 136,699 qualified candidates in GATE 201348 Permanent state Number of candidates qualifying Andhra Pradesh (includes Telangana) 22,476 Uttar Pradesh 22,400 Maharashtra 9,951 Bihar 9,820 Kerala 8,992 West Bengal 7,967 Rajasthan 7,753 Madhya Pradesh 7,644 Tamil Nadu 4,985 Haryana 4,546 Delhi 4,393 Odisha 3,960 Karnataka 3,780 Jharkhand 3,409 Chhattisgarh 3,288 Gujarat 3,064 Uttarakhand 2,363 Punjab 2,054 Assam 1,308 Himachal Pradesh 735 Jammu and Kashmir 558 Chandigarh 329 Tripura 221 Others (12 states) 703

GATE 2014 statistics

A total of 1,033,625 candidates registered, of which 889,156 candidates (86.02%) appeared for the exam. Out of the total candidates registered, 30.17% were female candidates while the rest were male candidates and others.49 250,000500,000750,0001,000,0001,250,0001,500,000RegisteredAppearedQualified   Male and other   Female Out of the registered candidates, 86% of the Male and 85% of the Female registrants appeared for the examination. In terms of the number of candidates, the five largest papers were: Electronics and Communication Engineering (2,16,367), Mechanical Engineering (1,85,578), Computer Science and Information Technology (1,55,190), Electrical Engineering (1,41,799) and Civil Engineering (90,872). Examination for all these papers was conducted in multi-session mode. A suitable normalization method was followed for these papers.50 Male and other Female Total Registered About 722,000 About 312,000 1,033,625 Appeared About 623,000 About 266,000 889,156 Qualified 118,263 31,431 149,694 Percentage of appeared that qualified About 19% About 12% 16.84% In GATE 2014, based on the qualified marks criterion, 149,694 (16.84%) candidates qualified (i.e., received scorecards). In terms of the category as declared by the candidates [General, OBC (non-creamy layer), SC, ST and PwD], 85,063 General, 42,287 OBC (non-creamy layer), 17,085 SC, 4,224 ST and 1,035 PwD candidates qualified. The number of female qualified candidates was 31,431 (21% of the total).51 Subject code Subject No. of candidates appeared Qualifying marks General category Other Backward Classes (Non-creamy layer) Scheduled Castes / Scheduled Tribes / Persons with disabilities AE Aerospace Engineering 4559 25.00 22.50 16.67 AG Agricultural Engineering 1168 25.00 22.50 16.67 AR Architecture and Planning 3087 32.50 29.25 21.67 BT Biotechnology 10719 25.84 23.26 17.23 CE Civil Engineering 90872 26.57 23.91 17.71 CH Chemical Engineering 15844 35.14 31.62 23.43 CS Computer Science and Information Technology 155190 25.00 22.50 16.67 CY Chemistry 7932 29.87 26.88 19.91 EC Electronics and Communication Engineering 216367 25.56 23.01 17.04 EE Electrical Engineering 141799 25.00 22.50 16.67 EY Ecology and Evolution 652 42.89 38.60 28.59 GG Geology and Geophysics 2659 36.33 32.70 24.22 IN Instrumentation Engineering 22367 25.00 22.50 16.67 MA Mathematics 3840 25.00 22.50 16.67 ME Mechanical Engineering 185578 28.86 25.97 19.24 MN Mining Engineering 1140 33.67 30.30 22.44 MT Metallurgical Engineering 3586 49.87 44.88 33.25 PH Physics 6132 31.72 28.55 21.15 PI Production and Industrial Engineering 3316 25.00 22.50 16.67 TF Textile Engineering and Fibre Science 1290 25.71 23.14 17.14 XE Engineering Sciences 2532 29.18 26.26 19.45 XL Life Sciences 8527 31.04 27.93 20.69 - Total 889156 - - -

GATE 2015 statistics

A total of 927,580 candidates had registered for GATE 2015 and 804,463 candidates have appeared for the examination. Out of the total registered candidates, 567,111 of the Male and 237,235 of the Female registrants appeared for the examination. In terms of the number of candidates appeared, the five largest papers are: Electronics and Communication Engineering (172,714), Mechanical Engineering (185,758), Computer Science and Information Technology (115,425), Electrical Engineering (125,851) and Civil Engineering (101,429). Male Female Other Total Registered 927,580 Appeared 567,111 237,235 117 804,463 Received scorecard 24,545 134,934 The examination for all the 22 papers was conducted in 8 sessions spread over 2 weekends, starting from 31 January 2015 and ending on 8 February 2015. The examination was conducted in over 680 centers spread over 26 states and union territories of the country. In GATE 2015, based on the qualified marks criterion, 121,060 (15.05%) candidates qualified. There were 13,874 General Category candidates who scored above the OBC category cut off marks but below the General Category cut off marks. Those candidates, although not qualified in General Category, have been issued score cards. They will be considered qualified in OBC category in case their category status changes to OBC at a later stage. Qualified candidates included 947 physically challenged candidates. The number of female candidates receiving the scorecards is 24,545 (18.19% of the total of 134,934). Category No. of qualified candidates Percentage of total General category 61,450 50.76% Other Backward Classes (Non-creamy layer) 39,538 32.66% Scheduled castes 15,861 13.10% Scheduled Tribes 4,211 3.48% Total 121,060 100%

Admission to post-graduate programs

Unlike undergraduate admissions in India, candidates must apply individually to each institute after the institute has published its M.Tech. notification (usually in the month of March). There is no separate counselling held. For admissions in NITs and IIITs, CCMT is held every year and the notification is released around April of each year.

Some institutions specify GATE qualification as mandatory even for admission of self-financing students to postgraduate programs. GATE qualified candidates are also eligible for the award of Junior Research Fellowship in CSIR Laboratories and CSIR sponsored projects. Top rank holders in some GATE papers are entitled to apply for "Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Fellowship" awarded by CSIR. Some government organizations prescribe GATE qualification as a requirement for applying to the post of a Scientist/Engineer.

In recent years, various academics have recognized GATE as being one of the toughest exams in its category. Some non-Indian universities like the National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University in Singapore and some technical universities in Germany also identify GATE score as a parameter for judging the quality of the candidates for admission into their Masters and Ph.D. programs.

Most Indian institutes do not specify cut-off marks for previous years. But in the recent years IIT Kharagpur and IIT Guwahati have been specifying last year cut-off mark list. Typically the Indian Institute of Science and Indian Institutes of Technology are the most selective followed by BITS Pilani, National Institutes of Technology and others. Even within the top institutes, the selection criteria varies widely across departments and programs depending on expertise areas.

CSIR's JRF - GATE fellowship

The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) introduced the Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) - GATE scheme in 2002 to allow GATE-qualified engineering graduates and GPAT-qualified pharmaceutical graduates to pursue research through suitable Ph.D. programs at CSIR laboratories.⁵²

Stipend and tenure:

The fellowship amount is ₹31,000 (US$370) per month plus HRA (house rent allowance). In addition, contingency grant of ₹20,000 (US$240) per annum (calculated on pro-rata basis for fraction of a year) is also provided. On completion of 2 years as JRF - GATE, the fellowship may be upgraded to SRF (Senior Research Fellowship) - GATE and stipend may be increased to ₹35,000 (US$410) per month in the subsequent years, on the basis of assessment of CSIR JRF-NET guidelines.

The total duration of the fellowship is 5 years, within which the candidate is expected to complete the Ph.D. degree.⁵³

Recruitment

Public sector undertakings (PSUs) in India, for long, have had troubles conducting their recruitment processes with more than 100,000 students taking the exams for less than 1000 jobs (a selection rate of less than 1%). After sensing the exponential rise in the number of engineering graduates in India who wish to get a PSU job, the PSUs have decided that a GATE score shall be the primary criteria for initial shortlisting. This change was the primary cause for the rapid increase in applicants for GATE 2012.

Indian Oil Corporation was the first PSU which successfully tested out this system and was followed two years later by National Thermal Power Corporation, Bharat Heavy Electricals, Bharat Electronics & PowerGrid Corporation of India.

Usually these companies release their recruitment notifications right after GATE notification, indicating that candidates have to take GATE to be considered for a job in their organizations.

List of companies

Many companies have signed Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) with the GATE organizing committee, for using the GATE score as a screening tool for recruiting engineers at entry-level positions.

• Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd.⁵⁴
• Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd.⁵⁵
• Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.⁵⁶⁵⁷
• National Hydroelectric Power Corporation Ltd.⁵⁸
• Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd.⁵⁹
• Mazagon Dock Ltd.⁶⁰
• Gujarat State Electricity Corporation Ltd.⁶¹
• Oil and Natural Gas Corporation⁶²
• Central Electronics Ltd.
• Coal India Ltd.
• National Thermal Power Corporation Ltd. ⁶³
• Punjab State Power Corporation Ltd.
• THDC Ltd.
• Odisha Power Generation Corporation
• Ircon International Ltd.
• Bharat Broadband Network Limited⁶⁴
• National Highways Authority of India⁶⁵
• Airport Authority of India
• Delhi Metro Rail Corporation
• Bihar State Power Holding Company Limited
• West Bengal State Electricity Distribution Company⁶⁶

The syllabus for the GATE exam and its preparation remains the same, irrespective of whether one is applying for a job at a PSU or seeking admission for post-graduation in engineering.

Changes in recent years

Year	Changes	Reference(s)
2009	The Information Technology and Computer Science tests were merged into a single Computer Science and Information Technology test (code "CS"). The GATE score was valid only for one year but later the GATE committee made it valid for two years in 2010.
2010	Pharmacy was no longer a GATE subject, with the Graduate Pharmacy Aptitude Test (conducted by the All India Council for Technical Education) as the replacement. The Biotechnology section of the Engineering Sciences GATE paper had been removed and a separate Biotechnology test (code "BT") was started. An additional section of General Aptitude was introduced in GATE. Ten questions carrying 15 marks make up this section of the GATE Exam.
2011	Based on a trouble-free pilot project in 2010, four of the GATE papers in GATE 2011 were run using computer-based online mode. The four online papers for 2011 were Aerospace Engineering (code "AE"), Geology and Geophysics (code "GG"), Mining Engineering (code "MN") and Textile Engineering and Fiber Science (code "TF"). GATE was held in the morning (9:00 to 12:00) session for some papers and afternoon (14:00 to 17:00) session for others. Also, the computer-based tests were held on a different date.
2012	Only final year students and passed-out candidates were declared eligible to take GATE. Pre-final year B.E./B.Tech. students, who were eligible till 2011, were no longer eligible. The application process was made completely online. Candidates could view their responses to the ORS and also GATE Office released official solutions for GATE papers. The admit card was made downloadable from the application website. Sending admit cards by post was discontinued. The exam mode was changed from paper-based to "online" (i.e. computer-based) for 2 additional subjects: Agricultural Engineering (code "AG") and Architecture and Planning (code "AR"). The use of pencils to darken the bubbles in the answer sheet was discontinued. Candidates could use only black ink ballpoint pens for darkening of the bubbles in the answer sheet.	67
2013	Female candidates were exempted from paying the application fee. Candidates were required to upload a scanned copy of photograph and signature. Print-out of the completed application form was to be mailed to the institute by post. The application fee was increased from ₹ 1000 to ₹ 1200. The GATE score formula was changed. Scores calculated using the old formula were effective during the year 2013–14. Scores calculated using the new formula were effective during the year 2014–15.	6869
2014	A new subject of Ecology and Evolution (code "EY") was introduced. Examinations for all 22 subjects were conducted by an online Computer-Based Test (CBT). The online examination contained some questions for which numerical answers must be keyed in by the candidate using the "virtual" (i.e. on-screen) keypad. The rest of the questions were of Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) type. Female candidates were required to pay some fee for application, a change introduced due to many raising complaints about a large portion of female candidates who registered but did not appear for the exam in 2013. Application fee was increased from ₹ 1200 to ₹ 1500 for general category, OBC male/other candidates, and ₹ 750 for all female candidates and SC, ST male/other candidates. GATE score's validity is increased from 2 years to 3 years. Examinations were held during forenoon and afternoon sessions on alternate weekends (Saturday and Sunday) between 1 February 2014 and 2 March 2014. Examination for the subjects ME, EE, EC, and CS was held in multiple sessions due to the large numbers of registered candidates.	70
2015	The entire application process is made online. All required documents have to be scanned and uploaded on the online application system. Candidates no longer have to send anything by post. Printed (i.e. hard-copy) scorecards are no longer sent to candidates. Only a digital (i.e. soft-copy) scorecard can be downloaded by qualified candidates from the official GATE website.	717273
2016	Candidates are not permitted to bring their own calculators. An online virtual (i.e. on-screen) calculator will be available during the examination. The syllabus has been revised for some subjects. A new subject of Petroleum Engineering (code "PE") has been introduced. After completion of all test sessions, an Answer Key will be provided for candidates to check. Candidates can challenge the GATE 2016 Answer Key on a nominal fee for a specified time period.
2017	A New Section has been introduced in the Engineering Sciences (XE) Paper. This section is the Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (section H). International students from countries namely Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Ethiopia and United Arab Emirates are now eligible to apply for GATE 2017.	74
2018	While choosing the exam centers for GATE 2018, the candidates will have to select their first two choices from the same GATE zone. The third choice can be from any other GATE zone. Candidates are not required to upload the scanned image of their thumb impression while filling the GATE online application. GATE will be held across 200 cities in India. GATE 2018 will also be held in the following international cities- Addis Ababa, Colombo, Dhaka, Kathmandu, Dubai, and Singapore.	75
2019	GATE 2019 introduces a new paper "Statistics" with a code of "ST". Candidates who fail to apply by 21 September 2018 can still apply till 1 October 2018 by paying a late fee of ₹ 500. The late fee in the case of foreign centers is US$20.
2020	GATE 2020 introduces a new paper "Biomedical Engineering" with a code of "BM".	76
2021	Two new subjects - Environmental Science and Engineering (ES) and Humanities and Social Science (XS) have also been added to the GATE exam 2021. There was a relaxation in minimum eligibility for applying to GATE 2021 due to the COVID-19 situation. As per the announcement, candidates in their third year of undergraduate degree would be eligible for GATE 2021.
2022	Two new subjects - Geomatics Engineering (GE) and Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering (NM) were added to the GATE exam 2022.
2024	GATE 2024 introduced a new paper Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (DA).

Year and Organizing Institute

Each year's GATE is organized by any one of 8 institutes: IISc and 7 IITs. The overall coordination and responsibility of conducting GATE lies with this institute, which is designated as the Organizing Institute (OI) for GATE of that year. GATE coaching institutes often make speculations regarding the topics to focus upon depending upon the institute that is the OI of that year.

Institute	GATE editions organized
Indian Institute of Science	1984, 1990, 1996, 2002, 2008, 2016, 2024.
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras	1983,77 1985, 1991, 1997, 2003, 2011, 2019, 2027.
Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi	1986, 1992, 1998, 2004, 2012, 2020, 2028.
Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay	1987, 1993, 1999, 2005, 2013, 2021, 2029.
Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur	1988, 1994, 2000, 2006, 2014, 2022, 2030.
Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur	1989, 1995, 2001, 2007, 2015, 2023.
Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee	2009, 2017, 2025.
Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati	2010, 2018, 2026.

See also

Examinations

• Fundamentals of Engineering Examination (FE exam)
• Principles and Practice of Engineering Examination (PE exam)
• Graduate Record Examination (GRE)
• Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT)
• Common Admission Test (CAT)
• Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL)
• International English Language Testing System (IELTS)
• Joint Entrance Examination (JEE)

Institutes

• Indian Institute of Science
• Indian Institutes of Technology
• National Institutes of Technology
• Indian Institutes of Information Technology

See also

• List of Public service commissions in India

External links

• Official website (GATE 2024)

References

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