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Haddon Matrix
Paradigm for injury prevention

The Haddon Matrix is the most commonly used paradigm in the injury prevention field.

Developed by William Haddon in 1970, the matrix looks at factors related to personal attributes, vector or agent attributes and environmental attributes; before, during and after an injury or death. By utilizing this framework, one can then think about evaluating the relative importance of different factors and design interventions.

A typical Haddon Matrix:

PhaseHuman FactorsVehicles and Equipment FactorsEnvironmental Factors
Pre-crash
  • Information
  • Attitudes
  • Impairment
  • Police Enforcement
  • Road design and road layout
  • Speed limits
  • Pedestrian facilities
Crash
  • Use of restraints
  • Impairments
  • Occupant restraints
  • Other safety devices
  • Crash-protective design
  • Crash-protective roadside objects
Post-Crash
  • Ease of access
  • Fire risk
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Preventing injuries

(These ten items are often called "Haddon's Strategies.") Possible ways of preventing injury during the various phases include:23456

Pre-event

  1. Prevent the existence of the agent.
  2. Prevent the release of the agent.
  3. Separate the agent from the host.
  4. Provide protection for the host.

Event

  1. Minimize the amount of agent present.
  2. Control the pattern of release of the agent to minimize damage.
  3. Control the interaction between the agent and host to minimize damage.
  4. Increase the resilience of the host.

Post-event

  1. Provide a rapid treatment response for host.
  2. Provide treatment and rehabilitation for the host.

Citations

General and cited references

References

  1. Peden, World Health Organization. Ed. by Margie (2004). World report on road traffic injury prevention. Geneva: World Health Organization. ISBN 9241562609. 9241562609 ↩

  2. Haddon W Jr. (September 1999). "The changing approach to the epidemiology, prevention, and amelioration of trauma: the transition to approaches etiologically rather than descriptively based". Inj. Prev. 5 (3): 231–5. doi:10.1136/ip.5.3.231. PMC 1730511. PMID 10518273. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1730511 ↩

  3. Haddon W Jr. (1980). "Advances in the epidemiology of injuries as a basis for public policy". Public Health Rep. 95 (5): 411–21. PMC 1422748. PMID 7422807. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1422748 ↩

  4. Haddon W Jr. (1974). "Editorial: Strategy in preventive medicine: passive vs. active approaches to reducing human wastage". Journal of Trauma. 14 (4): 353–4. doi:10.1097/00005373-197404000-00022. PMID 4819627. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩

  5. Baker SP, Haddon W Jr (Fall 1974). "Reducing injuries and their results: the scientific approach". Milbank Mem Fund Q Health Soc. 52 (4): 377–89. doi:10.2307/3349509. JSTOR 3349509. PMID 4498200. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩

  6. Haddon W Jr. (December 1970). "On the escape of tigers: an ecologic note". Am J Public Health Nations Health. 60 (12): 2229–34. doi:10.2105/AJPH.60.12.2229-b. PMC 1349282. PMID 5530409. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1349282 ↩