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Function

This gene encodes an alpha integrin. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane glycoproteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain that mediate cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion. The protein encoded by this gene, when bound to the beta 1 chain, forms an integrin that is a receptor for tenascin-C, VCAM1 and osteopontin. Expression of this gene has been found to be upregulated in small cell lung cancers.⁵

Interactions

The α9 subunit forms a heterodimeric complex with a β1 subunit to form the α9β1 integrin. This integrin participates in cell adhesion with various ligands in the extracellular matrix (ECM), including extra domain A (EDA) fibronectin, tenascin-C, ADAMs, EMELIN1, osteopontin, and VEGF.⁶ α9β1 binding is independent of the RGD peptide sequence.

Further reading

• Evans JP (2001). "Fertilin beta and other ADAMs as integrin ligands: insights into cell adhesion and fertilization". BioEssays. 23 (7): 628–39. doi:10.1002/bies.1088. PMID 11462216. S2CID 23712246.
• Yamakawa K, Takahashi T, Horio Y, Murata Y, Takahashi E, Hibi K, Yokoyama S, Ueda R, Takahashi T, Nakamura Y (1993). "Frequent homozygous deletions in lung cancer cell lines detected by a DNA marker located at 3p21.3-p22". Oncogene. 8 (2): 327–30. PMID 8381220.
• Yokosaki Y, Monis H, Chen J, Sheppard D (1996). "Differential effects of the integrins alpha9beta1, alphavbeta3, and alphavbeta6 on cell proliferative responses to tenascin. Roles of the beta subunit extracellular and cytoplasmic domains". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (39): 24144–50. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.39.24144. PMID 8798654.
• Yokosaki Y, Matsuura N, Sasaki T, Murakami I, Schneider H, Higashiyama S, Saitoh Y, Yamakido M, Taooka Y, Sheppard D (2000). "The integrin alpha(9)beta(1) binds to a novel recognition sequence (SVVYGLR) in the thrombin-cleaved amino-terminal fragment of osteopontin". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (51): 36328–34. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.51.36328. PMID 10593924.
• Young BA, Taooka Y, Liu S, Askins KJ, Yokosaki Y, Thomas SM, Sheppard D (2002). "The cytoplasmic domain of the integrin alpha9 subunit requires the adaptor protein paxillin to inhibit cell spreading but promotes cell migration in a paxillin-independent manner". Mol. Biol. Cell. 12 (10): 3214–25. doi:10.1091/mbc.12.10.3214. PMC 60168. PMID 11598204.
• Eto K, Huet C, Tarui T, Kupriyanov S, Liu HZ, Puzon-McLaughlin W, Zhang XP, Sheppard D, Engvall E, Takada Y (2002). "Functional classification of ADAMs based on a conserved motif for binding to integrin alpha 9beta 1: implications for sperm-egg binding and other cell interactions". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (20): 17804–10. doi:10.1074/jbc.M200086200. PMID 11882657.
• Majumdar M, Tarui T, Shi B, Akakura N, Ruf W, Takada Y (2004). "Plasmin-induced migration requires signaling through protease-activated receptor 1 and integrin alpha(9)beta(1)". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (36): 37528–34. doi:10.1074/jbc.M401372200. PMID 15247268.
• Chen C, Young BA, Coleman CS, Pegg AE, Sheppard D (2004). "Spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase specifically binds to the integrin alpha9 subunit cytoplasmic domain and enhances cell migration". J. Cell Biol. 167 (1): 161–70. doi:10.1083/jcb.200312166. PMC 2172529. PMID 15479742.
• Vlahakis NE, Young BA, Atakilit A, Sheppard D (2005). "The lymphangiogenic vascular endothelial growth factors VEGF-C and -D are ligands for the integrin alpha9beta1". J. Biol. Chem. 280 (6): 4544–52. doi:10.1074/jbc.M412816200. PMC 1368959. PMID 15590642.
• Yokosaki Y, Tanaka K, Higashikawa F, Yamashita K, Eboshida A (2005). "Distinct structural requirements for binding of the integrins alphavbeta6, alphavbeta3, alphavbeta5, alpha5beta1 and alpha9beta1 to osteopontin". Matrix Biol. 24 (6): 418–27. doi:10.1016/j.matbio.2005.05.005. PMID 16005200.
• Gulubova M, Vlaykova T (2006). "Immunohistochemical assessment of fibronectin and tenascin and their integrin receptors alpha5beta1 and alpha9beta1 in gastric and colorectal cancers with lymph node and liver metastases". Acta Histochem. 108 (1): 25–35. doi:10.1016/j.acthis.2005.12.001. PMID 16430945.

External links

• ITGA9 Info with links in the Cell Migration Gateway Archived 2014-12-11 at the Wayback Machine

References

1. Palmer EL, Rüegg C, Ferrando R, Pytela R, Sheppard D (Jan 1994). "Sequence and tissue distribution of the integrin alpha 9 subunit, a novel partner of beta 1 that is widely distributed in epithelia and muscle". J Cell Biol. 123 (5): 1289–97. doi:10.1083/jcb.123.5.1289. PMC 2119880. PMID 8245132. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2119880 ↩

2. Hibi K, Yamakawa K, Ueda R, Horio Y, Murata Y, Tamari M, Uchida K, Takahashi T, Nakamura Y, Takahashi T (Feb 1994). "Aberrant upregulation of a novel integrin alpha subunit gene at 3p21.3 in small cell lung cancer". Oncogene. 9 (2): 611–9. PMID 8290272. /wiki/PMID_(identifier) ↩

3. "Entrez Gene: ITGA9 integrin, alpha 9". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3680 ↩

4. Sulimova G, Kutsenko A, Rakhmanaliev E, Udina I, Kompaniytsev A, Protopopov A, Moisjak E, Klimov E, Muravenko O, Zelenin A, Braga E, Kashuba V, Zabarovsky E, Kisselev L (2002). "Human chromosome 3: integration of 60 NotI clones into a physical and gene map". Cytogenetic and Genome Research. 98 (2–3): 177–183. doi:10.1159/000069814. PMID 12698000. S2CID 41010053. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩

5. "Entrez Gene: ITGA9 integrin, alpha 9". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3680 ↩

6. Høye AM, Couchman JR, Wewer UM, Fukami K, Yoneda A (May 2012). "The newcomer in the integrin family: integrin α9 in biology and cancer". Advances in Biological Regulation. 52 (2): 326–39. doi:10.1016/j.jbior.2012.03.004. PMID 22781746. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩