Jakarta XML Binding (JAXB; formerly Java Architecture for XML Binding) is a software framework that allows Java EE developers to map Java classes to XML representations. JAXB provides two main features: the ability to marshal Java objects into XML and the inverse, i.e. to unmarshal XML back into Java objects. In other words, JAXB allows storing and retrieving data in memory in any XML format, without the need to implement a specific set of XML loading and saving routines for the program's class structure. It is similar to xsd.exe and XmlSerializer in the .NET Framework.
JAXB is particularly useful when the specification is complex and changing. In such a case, regularly changing the XML Schema definitions to keep them synchronised with the Java definitions can be time-consuming and error-prone.
JAXB is one of the APIs in the Jakarta EE platform (formerly Java EE), part of the Java Web Services Development Pack (JWSDP), and one of the foundations for WSIT. It was also part of the Java SE platform (in version Java SE 6–10). As of Java SE 11, JAXB was removed. For details, see JEP 320.
JAXB 1.0 was released in 2003, having been developed under the Java Community Process as JSR 31. In 2006 JAXB 2.0 was released under JSR 222 and Maintenance Release 2 released in December 2009. Reference implementations for these specifications were available under the CDDL open source license at java.net.
Usage
The tool "xjc" can be used to convert XML Schema and other schema file types (as of Java 1.6, RELAX NG, XML DTD, and WSDL are supported experimentally) to class representations.3 Classes are marked up using annotations from javax.xml.bind.annotation.* namespace, for example, @XmlRootElement and @XmlElement. XML list sequences are represented by attributes of type java.util.List. Marshallers and Unmarshallers are created through an instance of JAXBContext.
In addition, JAXB includes a "schemagen" tool that can essentially perform the inverse of "xjc", creating an XML Schema from a set of annotated classes.
Default data type bindings
The table below lists the mappings of XML Schema (XSD) data types to Java data types in JAXB.4
| XML Schema Type | Java Data Type |
|---|---|
| xsd:string | java.lang.String |
| xsd:integer | java.math.BigInteger |
| xsd:positiveInteger | java.math.BigInteger |
| xsd:int | int |
| xsd:long | long |
| xsd:short | short |
| xsd:decimal | java.math.BigDecimal |
| xsd:float | float |
| xsd:double | double |
| xsd:boolean | boolean |
| xsd:byte | byte |
| xsd:QName | javax.xml.namespace.QName |
| xsd:dateTime | javax.xml.datatype.XMLGregorianCalendar |
| xsd:base64Binary | byte[] |
| xsd:hexBinary | byte[] |
| xsd:unsignedInt | long |
| xsd:unsignedShort | int |
| xsd:unsignedByte | short |
| xsd:unsignedLong | java.math.BigDecimal |
| xsd:time | javax.xml.datatype.XMLGregorianCalendar |
| xsd:date | javax.xml.datatype.XMLGregorianCalendar |
| xsd:g | javax.xml.datatype.XMLGregorianCalendar |
| xsd:anySimpleType5 | java.lang.Object |
| xsd:anySimpleType6 | java.lang.String |
| xsd:duration | javax.xml.datatype.Duration |
| xsd:NOTATION | javax.xml.namespace.QName |
Versions
- Java SE 9: JAXB 2.3.0 7 (in module java.xml.bind; this module is marked as deprecated 8)
- Java SE 8: JAXB 2.2.8 9
- Java SE 7: JAXB 2.2.3 (JSR 222, maintenance release 2) 10
- Java SE 6: JAXB 2.0 (JSR 222) 11
See also
- XML data binding
- JiBX
- XMLBeans – a similar and complementary technology to JAXB from Apache Software Foundation
- TopLink – an object to relational and object to XML mapper from Oracle that supports JAXB 1.0
- EclipseLink MOXy – open source implementation of JAXB and object XML mapping services under the Eclipse Foundation
- Liquid XML Studio – Commercial tool for XML data binding code generation
External links
- Official website Reference Implementation on Project GlassFish
- Previous JAXB home page Archived 2017-05-04 at the Wayback Machine
- Original JAXB home page Archived 2005-07-09 at the Wayback Machine
- A JAXB Tutorial Archived 2013-03-23 at the Wayback Machine by Wolfgang Laun
- JSR 222 (JAXB 2.0)
- JSR 31 (JAXB 1.0)
- The Java EE 5 Tutorial - Binding between XML Schema and Java Classes JAXB chapter of the Java EE 5 Tutorial
- JAXB Wizard Archived 2012-05-31 at the Wayback Machine
- JAXB Tutorials
Articles
- JAXB 2.0 offers improved XML binding in Java
- XML and Java technologies: Data binding, Part 2: Performance
References
"JSRs: Java Specification Requests. JSR 31: XML Data Binding Specification". Retrieved 2011-02-15. http://jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=031 ↩
"JSRs: Java Specification Requests. JSR 222: Java Architecture for XML Binding (JAXB) 2.0". Retrieved 2011-02-15. http://jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=222 ↩
"xjc - Java Architecture for XML Binding". Retrieved 2011-02-15. http://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/tools/share/xjc.html ↩
"Using JAXB Data Binding: Standard Data Type Mapping". http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E12840_01/wls/docs103/webserv/data_types.html#wp223908 ↩
for xsd:element of this type ↩
for xsd:attribute of this type ↩
"Which JAXB RI is included in which JDK?". https://javaee.github.io/jaxb-v2/doc/user-guide/release-documentation.html#deployment-which-jaxb-ri-is-included-in-which-jdk ↩
"Deprecated module java.xml.bind". https://docs.oracle.com/javase/9/docs/api/java.xml.bind-summary.html ↩
"Jaxb 2.2.8 (JDK 8)". Archived from the original on May 12, 2015. Retrieved 2015-03-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20150512171511/https://java.net/jira/browse/JAXB/fixforversion/16521 ↩
"Java SE 7: Java XML Technology Enhancements". Retrieved 2012-03-21. http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/technotes/guides/xml/enhancements.html ↩
"Java SE 6: Features and Enhancements". Retrieved 2012-03-21. http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/features-141434.html ↩