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Korean postpositions, or particles, are suffixes or short words in Korean grammar that immediately follow a noun or pronoun. This article uses the Revised Romanization of Korean to show pronunciation. The hangul versions in the official orthographic form are given underneath.
| Preceding syntactic element | Example sentence | Translation |
|---|---|---|
| (n-)eun은/는 | Used as a topic particle or a subject particle. Eun 은 is used following a consonant, Neun 는 is used following a vowel. | |
| Nouns (topic) | Naneun haksaengida.나는 학생이다. | I am a student. |
| Nouns (topic) | Igeoseun yeonpirida.이것은 연필이다. | This is a pencil. |
| Nouns (genericized nominative) | Chitaneun ppareuda.치타는 빠르다. | Cheetahs are fast. |
| Nouns (topic) | Jeoneun jjajangmyeon juseyo.저는 짜장면 주세요. | I'd like a jajangmyeon. |
| i/ga이/가 | Used as an identifier or subject particle to indicate the nominative case. I 이 is used following a consonant, Ga 가 is used following a vowel. | |
| Nouns (agent) | Naega masyeotda.내가 마셨다. | I drank. |
| Nouns (identifier) | Jeogeosi Han-gang-iya.저것이 한강이야. | That is the Han River. |
| Nouns (specific nominative) | Chitaga neurida.치타가 느리다. | This cheetah is slow. |
| kkeseo께서 | The honorific nominative marker. It could be added to Neun, Do, and Man to form 께서는 (topic), 께서도 (too/also), and 께서만 (only), respectively, which are the respective honorific forms. | |
| Nouns | Seonsaengnimkkeseo osyeotda.선생님께서 오셨다. | (The) teacher arrived . |
| (r-)eul을/를 | Used as an object particle to indicate the accusative case. Eul 을 is used following a consonant, Reul 를 is used following a vowel. | |
| Nouns (objective) | Naneun ramyeoneul meogeotda.나는 라면을 먹었다. | I ate ramen. |
| ege/hante에게/한테 | Used as a dative particle. Ege 에게 is the literary form, and Hante 한테 is the colloquial form. | |
| Noun | Neohuiege hal mari itda.너희에게 할 말이 있다. | I have something to tell you. |
| kke께 | Kke 께 is the honorific dative marker. | |
| Noun | Goyongjukke seonmureul deuryeotda.고용주께 선물을 드렸다. | I gave a gift to my employer. |
| (eu)ro으로/로 | Used to mark the instrumental case, which can also denote destination or role. Euro 으로 is used following a consonant other than 'ㄹ', which is abbreviated to Ro 로 following a vowel or the consonant 'ㄹ'. | |
| Noun (means) | KTX-ro Seoureseo Busankkaji se sigan geollinda.KTX로 서울에서 부산까지 3시간 걸린다. | It takes 3 hours to go from Seoul to Busan via KTX. |
| Noun (destination) | Naeil Hojuro tteonamnida.내일 호주로 떠납니다. | I am leaving for Australia tomorrow. |
| Noun (role) | Unjeonsaro chwijikhaeyo.운전사로 취직해요. | I'm going to be working as a driver. |
| e에 | Used for any words relating to time or place. Sometimes used for cause. | |
| Time (noun) | Maikeureun parweore watda.마이클은 8월에 왔다. | Michael came in August. |
| Location (noun) | Jedongeun ilbone gatda.제동은 일본에 갔다. | Jedong went to Japan. |
| Cause (noun) | Jamyeongjong sorie kkaetta자명종 소리에 깼다. | Woke up by the sound of the alarm. |
| eseo에서 | Translates to: "from" (ablative) when used with a motion verb. May also be used as "at", "in" (locative) when used with an action verb which is not motion related. | |
| Noun (from) | Junggugeseo wasseo.중국에서 왔어. | I came from China. |
| Noun (in) | Bang-eseo gongbu-reul haet-da.방에서 공부를 했다. | I studied in my room. |
| buteo부터 | Translates to: Used to show when or where an action or situation started. (Egressive) | |
| Noun | Cheoeumbuteo kkeutkkaji처음부터 끝까지 | From beginning to end |
| kkaji까지 | Translates to: Used to illustrate the extent of an action, either in location or time, generally meaning "until", "up to". (Terminative) | |
| Noun | Cheoeumbuteo kkeutkkaji처음부터 끝까지 | From beginning to end |
| man만 | Translates to: "only", used after a noun. | |
| Noun | Ojik jeimseu-man hangugeo-reul gongbu-haet-da.오직 제임스만 한국어를 공부했다. | Only James studied Korean. |
| ui의 | Functions as: possession indicator, noun link, topic marker. | |
| Noun: possession | Migugui daetongryeong미국의 대통령 | President of the United States |
| do도 | Used as an additive particle. When dealing with additive qualities/descriptions of the same subject, see ttohan 또한. | |
| Nouns | Geunyeodo gongbuhanda.그녀도 공부한다. | She studies too. |
| (g)wa/rang과/와/랑 | Translates to: "and" (conjunction); "with" or "as with" (preposition). Gwa 과 is used following a consonant, Wa 와 is used following a vowel. Wa 와 is the literary form, and rang 랑 is the colloquial form. | |
| Nouns: conjunction | Neowa na너와 나 | You and I |
| (y)a아/야 | The vocative marker. A 아 is used following a consonant, Ya 야 is used following a vowel. | |
| Noun | Minsuya!민수야! | Minsu! |
| (i)yeo이여/여 | The vocative marker, with added nuance of exclamation. Iyeo 이여 is used following a consonant, Yeo 여 is used following a vowel. | |
| Noun | Naui georukhasin gusejuyeo.나의 거룩하신 구세주여. | O my divine Redeemer. |
- Martin, Samuel E. (2006). Reference Grammar of Korean: A Complete Guide to the Grammar and History of the Korean Language. Clarendon, Vt.: Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 978-0804837712.
- Vincent, Mark & Yeon, Jaehoon (2010). Complete Korean (2nd ed.). Blacklick, OH: McGraw-Hill Professional. ISBN 978-0071737586.
- Ihm, Ho Bin; Hong, Kyung Pyo & Chang, Suk In (2009). Korean Grammar for International Learners (New ed.). Seoul: Yonsei University Press. ISBN 9788971415542.