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Lethal synthesis
Synthesis of toxic substances from a non-toxic precursor

Lethal synthesis, or suicide metabolism, is the biosynthesis of a toxin from a precursor which is not itself toxic, such as the synthesis of fluorocitrate from fluoroacetate or the synthesis of methylglyoxal from glycerol.

The term was first publicised by Rudolph Peters in his Croonian Lecture of 1951.

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Lethal synthesis of methylglyoxal

A 1971 study published by the Harvard Medical School identified methylglyoxal, a form of glycerol, as a product of lethal synthesis in a specific E.coli mutant.8 In E.coli, the synthesis of triose phosphate from glycerol is a reaction regulated by the synthesis rate of glycerol kinase and by feedback inhibition by fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.9 The study demonstrated that, in E.coli mutants that had lost both control mechanisms, glycerol kinase no longer reacted to feedback regulation and instead produced the cytotoxic methylglyoxal.10 A more recent review of research done on methylglyoxal metabolism concluded that the compound's cytotoxic nature is dependent on its ability to form advanced glycation end products (AGEs).11 These compounds, which are thought to be factors in ageing and in the progression of degenerative diseases, have been shown to hinder the functions of the proteins they target.12

References

  1. "Lethal synthesis". Compendium of Chemical Terminology (the "Gold Book"). IUPAC. 2014. doi:10.1351/goldbook.L03501. Retrieved 2018-03-13. https://goldbook.iupac.org/html/L/L03501.html ↩

  2. "Lethal synthesis". Oxford Reference. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2018-03-12. http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100101430 ↩

  3. van der Kamp, Marc W.; McGeagh, John D.; Mulholland, Adrian J. (24 October 2011). ""Lethal Synthesis" of Fluorocitrate by Citrate Synthase Explained through QM/MM Modeling". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 50 (44): 10349–10351. doi:10.1002/anie.201103260. PMID 21922613. https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fanie.201103260 ↩

  4. Freedberg, W. B.; Kistler, W. S.; Lin, E. C. (October 1971). "Lethal synthesis of methylglyoxal by Escherichia coli during unregulated glycerol metabolism". Journal of Bacteriology. 108 (1): 137–144. doi:10.1128/JB.108.1.137-144.1971. ISSN 0021-9193. PMC 247042. PMID 4941552. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC247042 ↩

  5. Peters, R. A. (28 February 1952). "Croonian Lecture: Lethal Synthesis". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 139 (895): 143–170. Bibcode:1952RSPSB.139..143P. doi:10.1098/rspb.1952.0001. PMID 14911820. S2CID 84782137. /wiki/Bibcode_(identifier) ↩

  6. van der Kamp, Marc W.; McGeagh, John D.; Mulholland, Adrian J. (24 October 2011). ""Lethal Synthesis" of Fluorocitrate by Citrate Synthase Explained through QM/MM Modeling". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 50 (44): 10349–10351. doi:10.1002/anie.201103260. PMID 21922613. https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fanie.201103260 ↩

  7. Anon (1982). "Obituary". BMJ. 284 (6315): 589–590. doi:10.1136/bmj.284.6315.589. S2CID 220197192. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩

  8. Freedberg, W. B.; Kistler, W. S.; Lin, E. C. (October 1971). "Lethal synthesis of methylglyoxal by Escherichia coli during unregulated glycerol metabolism". Journal of Bacteriology. 108 (1): 137–144. doi:10.1128/JB.108.1.137-144.1971. ISSN 0021-9193. PMC 247042. PMID 4941552. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC247042 ↩

  9. Freedberg, W. B.; Kistler, W. S.; Lin, E. C. (October 1971). "Lethal synthesis of methylglyoxal by Escherichia coli during unregulated glycerol metabolism". Journal of Bacteriology. 108 (1): 137–144. doi:10.1128/JB.108.1.137-144.1971. ISSN 0021-9193. PMC 247042. PMID 4941552. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC247042 ↩

  10. Freedberg, W. B.; Kistler, W. S.; Lin, E. C. (October 1971). "Lethal synthesis of methylglyoxal by Escherichia coli during unregulated glycerol metabolism". Journal of Bacteriology. 108 (1): 137–144. doi:10.1128/JB.108.1.137-144.1971. ISSN 0021-9193. PMC 247042. PMID 4941552. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC247042 ↩

  11. Chakraborty, Sangeeta; Karmakar, Kapudeep; Chakravortty, Dipshikha (2014). "Cells producing their own nemesis: Understanding methylglyoxal metabolism". IUBMB Life. 66 (10): 667–678. doi:10.1002/iub.1324. ISSN 1521-6551. PMID 25380137. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩

  12. Chakraborty, Sangeeta; Karmakar, Kapudeep; Chakravortty, Dipshikha (2014). "Cells producing their own nemesis: Understanding methylglyoxal metabolism". IUBMB Life. 66 (10): 667–678. doi:10.1002/iub.1324. ISSN 1521-6551. PMID 25380137. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩