Format

Explanation of the format of these listings:

• "name 1" (location of name), [specific citation] "name 2" (location 2): opening position[, extension, notes] [general citation]
  • subsequent figures

List

• "Ace of Diamonds" (Hawaii: "E-ke-ma-nu"): position 1, similar to Cat's cradle's "Mattress"¹²
  • "Big Star" (Navajo)³
• "Ace of Hearts" (Hawaii: "E-ke-pe-ki"): ???⁴
• "Ace of Spades" (Hawaii: "E-ke-ha-ka"): ???⁵
• "Andromeda Galaxy" (invented): opening A⁶
• "Antares" (Nauru): opening A⁷
• "Apache Door" (Apache),⁸ "Pancho" (Navajo),⁹ "Sling" (Zuni),¹⁰ "Tent Door"/"String Bag"/"Horde"/"Poncho"/"Streamers"/"Fish Net"¹¹ (N. America): opening A,¹² (Navajo): position 1¹³
• "Apache Teepee" (Apache): nonstandard¹⁴
• "Arms" (Nunivak Inuit: "moguk"): ???¹⁵
  • "Legs" ("eruk")¹⁶
• "Arrow" (Navajo: "Ka"): opening A¹⁷
• "Baby Being Born" (Wadaman): position 1¹⁸
• "Bagobo Diamonds" (Bagobo, also Linao Moros): opening A¹⁹
• "Bagobo Two Diamonds" (Bagobo): opening A²⁰
• "Bear's Den" (Kwakiutl):²¹
  • "Bear" (Kwakiutl), "Dog" (N. Alaska, W. Greenland), "Fox" (Mackenzie, W. Copper, Netsilik, Iglulik)²²
    • "Porcupine" (Kwakiutl), "Man Kneeling" (Caribou), "Hunter Approaching a Seal on Ice" (Netsilik)²³
    • "Goose" (Kwakiutl)²⁴
• "Bird" (Papua): position 1²⁵
• "Bird House" (Hawaii: "A-na-ma-nu"): ???²⁶
• "Bird's Nest" (Navajo): position 1²⁷
• "Bow" (Navajo: "Atl-ti"): Navajo opening²⁸
• "Breastbone and Ribs" (Inuit: "Grut"): ribcage opening²⁹
• "Breasts" (Hawaii: "Wai-u-la-wa"): ???³⁰
• "Brush House" (Zuni: "Pi-cho-wai, ham-pun-nai"), "Hut" (Pueblo: "Nathu"), (Klamath): nonstandard³¹
  • "Six-Pointed Star": continuation³²
• "Butterfly" (Navajo: "Ga-lo-ki/'Ga-hi-ki"): Navajo opening³³³⁴
• "Butterfly" (Nauru: "Ijewaioi"): ???³⁵
• "Candle Thief" (England, Ireland, Germany): nonstandard³⁶
• "Canoe with Two Masts" (Torres Straits: "Nar"): opening A, requires two people or use of a toe³⁷
• "Canoe with Two Sails" (Gilbert Islands, chant: Te Wa Ma le-Na): opening A³⁸
• "Caribou" (Cumberland Sound Inuit: "Tuktuqdjung"),³⁹ "Caribou" (St. Michael Island Inuit: "tuk-tuk"):⁴⁰ opening A
• "Caroline Islands Catch" (Ngatik): opening A, similar to "King Fish"⁴¹
• "Caroline Islands Diamonds" (Ngatik): nonstandard, Caroline extension⁴²
• "Carrying Bundles of Wood" (Navajo): opening A⁴³
• "Casting the Fish-Spear" (Torres Straits): opening A,⁴⁴ similar to "Fish-Spear"
• "Catching a Cockroach" (Samoa): nonstandard⁴⁵
• Cat's cradle (Europe),⁴⁶ game of string (Russia),⁴⁷ kang sok (Southern China: "well rope"),⁴⁸ Jack in the Pulpit⁴⁹ (regional U.S.): Cradle
  • 1: "Cradle": around wrists⁵⁰⁵¹
  • 2: "Soldier's Bed",⁵² "Mattress"⁵³
  • 3: "Candles",⁵⁴ "Calm Sea"⁵⁵
  • 4: "Manger",⁵⁶ "Upturned Cradle"⁵⁷
  • End: "Saw"⁵⁸
  • 5 & 12: "Diamonds",⁵⁹ Carpet, (Russia)⁶⁰ "Mattress Turned Over"⁶¹
  • 6: "Cat's Eye"⁶²⁶³
  • 7: "Fish in a Dish",⁶⁴ "Pig on Pegs"⁶⁵
  • 10: "Hand Drum"/"Scraggly"⁶⁶
  • End: "Two Royal Crowns"/"Grandfather Clock"⁶⁷
  • End: "Lucky Tea Kettle"⁶⁸
• "Chicken Bum" (Guianas, Peru, Sierra Leone), "Wink" (Hawaii): nonstandard⁶⁹
• "Chochaío" (Palau: "Bird"): opening B⁷⁰
• "Circles and Triangles" (Ngatik: Bur-bur-ani jau): opening A⁷¹
• "Clothes Line" (Cape Prince of Wales Inuit: "iniarat"): ???⁷²
• "Cobweb" (Whanganui): position 1⁷³
• "Coconut Net" (Gilbert Islands: "Teibu Te Tatai"): around wrists⁷⁴
• "Coral" (Uap: "Melang"): opening A, Caroline extension⁷⁵
  • "Variation of Coral" (invented)⁷⁶
• "Cup and Saucer" (Europe),⁷⁷⁷⁸ "Sake Cup"/"House" (Japan),⁷⁹ "Canoe with Outrigger" (New Caledonia⁸⁰),⁸¹ "Skinning the Bison"/"Dressing a Skin"⁸² (Salish):⁸³ opening A
  • "Owl's Eyes" (Europe): opening A⁸⁴
• "Cutting the Hand" (Inuit): opening A⁸⁵
• "Dancer" (Caroline and Loyalty Islands): position 1⁸⁶
• "Diadem",⁸⁷ "Jacob's Ladder" (Europe),⁸⁸⁸⁹ "Osage Diamonds" (Osage),⁹⁰⁹¹⁹² "Fence"/"Ladder" (Irish),⁹³ "Calabesh Net" (Africa),⁹⁴ "Le pont de Quebec"⁹⁵ (Quebec, "Quebec Bridge"): opening A
  • "Cat's Whiskers" (Europe): continuation⁹⁶
  • "Eiffel Tower" (Europe): continuation⁹⁷
  • "Witch's Hat" (Europe): continuation⁹⁸
  • "King's Crown" (Germany): variation⁹⁹
• "Dog On a Leash" (Nunivak Island Inuit: "kaymuchta"): ???¹⁰⁰
• "Dog with Large Ears" (Copper Inuit): nonstandard¹⁰¹
• "Dravidian Trick" (Dravidian):¹⁰²
• "Drunken Tree" (Eastern Toba): opening A¹⁰³
• "Eel" (Papua), "Catching Crabs" (Gilbert Islands): nonstandard¹⁰⁴
• "Egarawinago" (Nauru: "Lady of Quality"): ???¹⁰⁵
• "Egona and Egameang Sitting On a Stone" (Nauru): ???¹⁰⁶
• "Erupting Volcano" (Mapuche): opening A¹⁰⁷
• "Fighting Head-hunters" (Torres Straits: Ares, or Murray and Duaur men fighting): opening A¹⁰⁸
• "Find the Owl" (Navajo): opening A¹⁰⁹
• "Flint and Steel" (Yap: "Nifi")/"Origin of Fire" (Torres Straits),¹¹⁰ "Chellaba" (Africa: "turn over"),¹¹¹ "Tinder-box"¹¹² (Caroline Islands): position 1
• "Finger Catch" (Chippewa): nonstandard¹¹³
• "Fire Drill" (Kwakiutl): opening B¹¹⁴
• "Fish" (???): Murray opening¹¹⁵
  • "Pig" (Lifu Island, Loyalty Islands)¹¹⁶
  • "Frog" (Patomana, British Guiana)¹¹⁷
  • "Silau" (Papuan, Goodenough Island: "Evil Spirit"): Murray opening¹¹⁸
• "Fish-Spear" (Torres Straits: "Baur"),^119120121 "Pitching a Tent" (Salish, B.C.),¹²²¹²³ "Sea-Egg (Echinus) Spear" (Clayoquaht),¹²⁴ "Duck Spear" (Alaska),¹²⁵ "Coconut Palm Tree" (Africa),¹²⁶ "Parachute" (Europe),¹²⁷ "Witches Broom"¹²⁸ (Europe): position 1,¹²⁹¹³⁰ similar to "Hogan" but with three lines, and similar to "Casting the Fish-Spear"
• "Floor Mat" (Nauru): ???¹³¹
• "Flower" (Navajo): position 1¹³²
• "Fly"/"Mosquito"/"Smashing a Coconut"/"Flying Fox" (Solomon Islands¹³³): nonstandard¹³⁴
• "Fly On the Nose" (Torres Straits: "Buli"): nonstandard, trick¹³⁵
• "Flying Bird" (South Sea Islands): position 1¹³⁶
• "Four Boys Hand-in-Hand" (Australia): Murray opening¹³⁷
• "Fox and Whale" (King Island Inuit: "achvuk-tezeuk"):¹³⁸ position 1¹³⁹
• "Ghost Dance" (New Guinea): two person¹⁴⁰
• "Gated Well"/"Well" (South Sea Islands),¹⁴¹ "Velovelo" (Fiji: "Dugout Canoe"), "Ti Meta" (Murray Island: "Ti Bird's Nest"),¹⁴² "Basket"/"Wooden Food Bowl" (???): opening A¹⁴³
  • "Fence Around the Well": continuation¹⁴⁴ (Lifu: Sihnag)¹⁴⁵
  • "Crab" (Kiwai Island: "Kokowa"): continuation¹⁴⁶
    • "Variation of the Crab" (invented)¹⁴⁷
• "Giraffe Eating Grass" (Japan): opening A, variation of "Two Brown Bears"¹⁴⁸
• "Ha-le-ku-mu-ma-ka-a" (Hawaii): ???¹⁴⁹
• "Hammock" (Muslim): position 1¹⁵⁰
• "Hammock [Weaving]" (N. or S. America): two person¹⁵¹
• "'Hanging'" (Philippines & Yap): nonstandard, trick¹⁵²
• "Hare" (Inuit: "Ukaliaqdjung"): ???¹⁵³
• "Hawk" (Wardaman): opening A, two people¹⁵⁴
• "Headhunters" (Murray island): opening A¹⁵⁵
• "Hill and Two Ponds" (Inuit: "Qaqaqdjung Sesinging"): ???¹⁵⁶
• "Hogan" (Navajo): nonstandard,¹⁵⁷ "Parachute" with four lines
• "House" (Australia): around wrists, two people¹⁵⁸
• "House" (Yap: "Naun", Maori, North Queensland): opening A, two people¹⁵⁹
• "Hull of a Ship" (Nauru: "Deimano"):¹⁶⁰
• "Hunter Stalking a Seal" (Inuit): position 1¹⁶¹
• "Ibunemun" (Nauru: "Man"): ???¹⁶²
• "Iburenio" (Nauru: a growth in the tomana tree): opening A¹⁶³
• "Japanese Butterfly" (Japan): nonstandard¹⁶⁴¹⁶⁵
• "Kani Mumun" (Gilbert Islands: 'dispersing clouds' or 'flight of the conquered'): position 1¹⁶⁶
• "King Fish" (Murray Island: "Geigi", Mabuiag: "Dangal"[Dugong/Sea-cow]), "Kamo" (Torres Straits: "The Thief"):¹⁶⁷ opening A,¹⁶⁸ similar to "Caroline Islands Catch"
• "King's Throne"/"The Bed" (Gilbert Islands: Bao-n te nea): opening A¹⁶⁹
• "Kiwi" (Maori): opening A¹⁷⁰
• "Ko-he" (Hawaii): ???¹⁷¹
• "Laia Flower"/"Lotus Flower (New Hebrides): opening A¹⁷²¹⁷³
• "Lairo" (Fiji: "Land Crab"): position 1 variant¹⁷⁴
• "Lake Fish" (Anvik Inuit: "nanvumcheseah"): ???¹⁷⁵
• "Leashing/Lines of Lochiel's Dogs"¹⁷⁶ (Scotland, Ireland, England),¹⁷⁷ "Raven's Feet"/"Crow's Feet" (Tanana Inuit),¹⁷⁸ "Ptarmigan Feet"/"Crows' Feet"¹⁷⁹ (N. America),¹⁸⁰ "Cock's Feet" (France),¹⁸¹ "Chicken Toes"¹⁸²/"Wooden Spoon" (Africa: "Umuzwa"),¹⁸³ "Emus'/Cockerels' Feet" (???),¹⁸⁴ "Two Tents" (???),¹⁸⁵ "Spade" (New Zealand),¹⁸⁶ "Ducks' Feet" (Scotland): opening A, nearly identical to "Two Hogans"¹⁸⁷
  • "Pepper Plant"¹⁸⁸
    • "Spider's Web": two people¹⁸⁹
  • "Caterpillar"¹⁹⁰
• "Lightning" (Navajo: "Atsinil-klish", Tewa: "Vo-pi-ri-dai"): Navajo opening^191192193
• "Little Boat"/"Two Boats" (King Island Inuit: "kayak"/"malruk-kayak"): ???¹⁹⁴
• "Little Boy Carrying Wood" (Klamath): Navajo opening¹⁹⁵
• "Little Fishes" (Murray Island: "Tup"): Navajo opening¹⁹⁶
• "Little Fish That Hides in the Mud" (Klamath): nonstandard¹⁹⁷
• "Little Girl with Pigtails" (Japan): opening A¹⁹⁸
• "Lizard" (Navajo: Nashoi-dichizhi): Navajo opening¹⁹⁹²⁰⁰
• "Lozenge" (invented): opening A²⁰¹
• "Ma-ka-pe-na" (Hawaii): ???²⁰²
• "Man" (Navajo: "Diné"): opening A, resembles "Coral"²⁰³
• "Man Climbing a Tree" (Australia): opening A²⁰⁴
• "Man in a Hammock" (???): around wrists²⁰⁵
• "Man on/and a Bed" (Torres Straits: "Le Sik"): opening A²⁰⁶²⁰⁷
  • "Hoochie Koochie Man" (Europe)²⁰⁸
• "Many Stars"²⁰⁹/"Starry Sky"²¹⁰ (Navajo: "Son-tlani"): opening A²¹¹
  • "Firmament": two people²¹²
• "Net" (Hawaii: "U-pe-na"): ???²¹³
• "New Mittens" (Tanana: "ajakailaiguk"): ???²¹⁴
• "O-ko-le-a-mo" (Hawaii): ???²¹⁵
• "One Chief" (Yap: "Pilun"): position 1, Caroline extension²¹⁶
  • "Owl" 1 ("Nas-ja"): variation²¹⁷
  • "Owl" 2: variation²¹⁸
  • "Owl" 3: variation²¹⁹
  • "Seven Stars" ("Dil-ye-he"[Pleiades]): variation²²⁰
  • "Two-Horned Star"[Son-bi-tere]/"Cow's Head": variation²²¹
  • "Two Coyotes" ("Ma-i-at-sani-il-watli"): variation²²²
  • "Big Star": variation²²³
  • "North Star" ("Tsun-tsi"): variation²²⁴
  • "Carrying Wood" ("Chiz-jǒ-yĕt-lĭ"): variation²²⁵
  • "Owl's Net": variation²²⁶
• "M" (Omaha): opening A²²⁷
• "Maui's Lasso" (Hawaii): opening A²²⁸
• "Melon Rind" (Papuan, Bamu River): position 1²²⁹
• "Moe Hora Hia" (Tuamotus: "Ghost's Path"): opening A²³⁰
• "Monkey Bum"²³¹/"Flying Parrot" ([British] Guiana), "Wink" (Hawaii): nonstandard²³²
• "Moth" (Zulu), "Spectacles" (Europe): opening A²³³²³⁴
• "Mouse" (Murray Island: "Kebe Mokeis"), "Express Train" (Germany), (Inuit, N. & S. America, Japan, Philippines, Australia): nonstandard, "Probably the most widely distributed of all the string figures."²³⁵²³⁶
• "Mouth" (Topek Inuit: "Rote"),²³⁷ "Trap" (Cape Prince of Wales Inuit: "keezook"):²³⁸ Navajo opening
• "Mrs. Crab" (South Pacific), "Elastic Band" (Japan), "Twitcher" (Hawaii): position 1²³⁹
• "Mr. Spider" (Gilbert Islands): opening A²⁴⁰
• Murray opening²⁴¹/Index opening (technical): opening position
• "Naio Tree" (Kauai and Niihau: False Sandalwood): position 1²⁴²
• Navajo opening (Navajo), Opening B (technical):²⁴³ opening position^244245246
• "Neneuri" (Gilbert Islands: maybe someone's name): opening A²⁴⁷
• "Night"/"Darkness"²⁴⁸ (Hawaii: "Po",²⁴⁹ also Pacific, Japan, Africa, South America): opening A²⁵⁰
  • "Twinkling Star"²⁵¹
• No Name (Ngatik): opening A²⁵²
• "One Hogan" (Navajo): nonstandard²⁵³
• Opening A^254255256/Japanese opening²⁵⁷ (technical: Inuit, N. & S. America, Papua²⁵⁸): position 1
• "Open the Gate" (Hawaii), "Island Separated from Land" (Fiji), "Kokoko" (New Guinea: bird call): opening A²⁵⁹
• "Osage Two Diamonds" (Osage): opening A²⁶⁰²⁶¹
• "Owl" (Navajo: "Nasha"): position 1, similar to "Starry Night"²⁶²
• "Palm Tree" (Torres Straits: "U"): opening A²⁶³
• "Paths to the Well" (Gilbert Islands): opening A, "clearly similar to," "Iburenio"²⁶⁴
• "Plinthios Brokhos" (Ancient Greece),^265266267 "Sun Clouded Over" (Australia),²⁶⁸ "Giant Clam" (Fiji):²⁶⁹ opening A
• "Polar Bear" (North Alaskan Inuit): position 1, variant of "Swan"²⁷⁰
• Pole Star (???): opening A²⁷¹
• "Porcupine" (Klamath), "Wolf"/"Wolverine" (Cape Prince of Wales: "koftsick"/"kulonik"),²⁷² "Fox" (???): opening A²⁷³
• Position 1/First position²⁷⁴ (technical): opening position²⁷⁵²⁷⁶
• Position 2 (technical): opening position²⁷⁷
• "Post" (Hawaii: "Pou"): ???²⁷⁸
• "Priestess" (Nauru: "Etaroking"): ???²⁷⁹
• "Pu" (Hawaii): ???²⁸⁰
• "Pump" (Hawaii: "Pau-ma-wai"): ???²⁸¹
• "Pygmy Diamonds" (Batwa): Navajo opening²⁸²
• "Rabbit" (Klamath): opening A^283284285
• "Rabbit" (Anvik Inuit: "makadok"), "Bird On Eggs" (St. Michael Island): ???²⁸⁶
• "Rain" (Nauru: "O-eron"): opening A²⁸⁷
• "Rattlesnake and a Boy" (Klamath): opening A²⁸⁸
  • "Two Skunks": variation²⁸⁹
  • "Two Foxes": variation²⁹⁰
  • "Two Squirrels": variation²⁹¹
• "Rectangle" (???): position 1²⁹²
• "Ribcage" (Alaska Inuit): ribcage opening²⁹³
• Ribcage opening (technical): opening position²⁹⁴
• "Salt Cave" (Hawaii): opening A, variation of "Fishnet"²⁹⁵
• "Sandsnipe" (Kiribati): nonstandard²⁹⁶
• "Saw" (Hawaii: "Pa-hi-o-lo"),²⁹⁷ "Saw" (Scotland): "Cradle"²⁹⁸
• "Sawing Together" (around the world),²⁹⁹ "Saw Mill" (Ireland):³⁰⁰ position 1/nonstandard, two people, trick
• "Scarab" (invented): all moves but one taken from "Well", "Crab", and "Fence"³⁰¹
• "Seagull"/"Man Carrying a Kayak" (Nunivak Island Inuit: "tc-c-kyack"³⁰²): opening A³⁰³
• "Sealskin Carrying-bag" (St. Michael Island Inuit: "aginuk"): ???³⁰⁴
  • "Kidneys" ("taktuk"): continuation³⁰⁵
• "Sea-snake" (Murray Island: "Pagi"):³⁰⁶
• "Seasnake" (Nauru: "Iiyanibongo"): ???³⁰⁷
• "Second Worm" (Navajo): Navajo opening³⁰⁸
• "See-saw" (Hawaii: "Ma-hi-ki"): ???³⁰⁹
• "Seven Diamonds" (Brillo Nuevo): nonstandard³¹⁰
• "Sewing Machine" (Basel): "Cradle"³¹¹
• "Ship" (King Island Inuit: "umiakbuk"): ???³¹²
• "Siberian House"³¹³³¹⁴/"Two Brown Bears and Their Caves"³¹⁵ (Big Diomede Island Inuit):³¹⁶ opening A
  • "Two Inuit Running Away" ("mugalonik enuck okparuktuk")³¹⁷
• "Smith's Secret 1" (Europe): nonstandard³¹⁸
• "Smith's Secret 2" (Alaskan Inuit): nonstandard³¹⁹
• "Spectacles" (invented): opening A³²⁰
• "Square" (invented): begins as does "Apache Door"³²¹
• "Stairs" (Cape Prince of Wales Inuit: "tutumukaligat"): ???³²²
• "Star of David" (???): nonstandard, two people³²³
  • "Hut" (Pueblo: "Nathu")³²⁴
• "Stickleback" (Guianas): nonstandard, two people³²⁵
• "Storm Clouds" (Navajo): Navajo opening³²⁶
• "Sun" (Nauru Island): opening A³²⁷
• "Sun" (Klamath): opening A³²⁸
• "Sunset" (Murray island: "Lem Baraigida"),³²⁹ (Mabuiag: "Dògai", or "Star"): opening A, related to "Fighting Head-Hunters"³³⁰
• "Swan" (Mackenzie Delta Inuit): position 1,³³¹ variant of "Polar Bear"
• "Ta Ai" (Gilbert Islands: "Sun"): opening A³³²
• "Tallow Dips" (Great Britain): nonstandard³³³
• "Tao Ta 16" (Japan): opening A³³⁴
• "Ten Men"³³⁵ (Ngatik),³³⁶ "Turtle" (Australia),³³⁷ "White Betel Leaf"/"Leaves of the Bread-fruit Tree"³³⁸ (Pacific): opening A
  • "Ten Men variation" variation³³⁹
  • "Second Variation of Ten Men" (invented)³⁴⁰
  • "Caroline Islands Triangles": variation³⁴¹
  • "Carrying Money" (Uap: "Runi-ka-fei"): continuation³⁴²
  • "House of the Blos-Bird" (Ngatik: "Palngan-im-mun-blos"): variation³⁴³
• "Threading a Closed Loop" (Omaha, Pawnee, Kwakiutl, Japan, Caroline Islands): nonstandard, trick³⁴⁴
• "Three Stars" (Uap: "Dilipi-tuf"): opening A, Caroline extension³⁴⁵
• "Thumb Catch[er]"³⁴⁶ (Osage, England), "Bow-String" (Tanana³⁴⁷): opening A, trick³⁴⁸
• "Tinamitto" (Nauru: "Dandy"): ???³⁴⁹
• "Toad and a Man" (Kwakiutl): opening A³⁵⁰
• "Torres Straits Lizard" (Murray Island: "Monan"), "Intestines of a Turtle" (Mabuiag: "Maita"): nonstandard, trick³⁵¹
• "Tortoise" (???): ribcage opening, two person³⁵²
• "Tree Hole/Hole in the Tree"/"Sun"/"Moon"/"Female Sexual Organs" (Chama & Oceania): opening A³⁵³
• "Tree with Roots and Branches" (Guiana): position 1³⁵⁴
• "Trigger Fish" (Torres Straits: "Nageg"): "Well"³⁵⁵
• "Turtle" (Japan): opening A³⁵⁶
• "Turtle" (Yap): nonstandard, Caroline extension, resembles "Bagobo Diamonds"³⁵⁷
  • "Ten Times": continuation, any even number of times possible³⁵⁸
• "Twin Stars" (Navajo: "Sono-tsihu")(Zuni): Navajo opening, closely resembles "Osage Two Diamonds"³⁵⁹
• "Two Boys Fighting for an Arrow" (Klamath): opening A variation³⁶⁰
• "Two Chiefs" (Yap: "Logaru-pilun"): opening A, Caroline extension³⁶¹
• "Two Coyotes" (Navajo): opening A³⁶²
  • "Cow's Head"/"Star with Two Horns" (Navajo)³⁶³
• "Two Dolphins" (invented): opening A³⁶⁴³⁶⁵
• "Two Dragonflies" (Gilbert Islands: "U-oman ni keketi"): opening A³⁶⁶
• "Two Elks" (Klamath): opening A³⁶⁷
• "Two Hogans" (Navajo): opening A³⁶⁸
• "Two Islands Joined by a Log" (Warrau): opening A³⁶⁹
• "Two Islands Linked by a Bridge" (Warau, Guiana): opening A³⁷⁰
• "Two Little Boys Running Away" (Klamath): Navajo opening³⁷¹
• "Two Mountains and a Stream" (St. Michael Island Inuit: "tituchtak"): ???³⁷²
• "Two Ptarmigans" (Cape Prince of Wales Inuit: "mugalonik-okhozgiuk"): ???³⁷³
• "Two Stars" (Navajo): opening A³⁷⁴
• "Two Wells" (Gilbert Islands: "Tan iti ran"): around wrists³⁷⁵
• "Two Women" (Nauru: "Echeog and Edawaroi"): ???³⁷⁶
• "Ussugdjung" (Cumberland Sound Inuit: "circle" or "sun"): position 1³⁷⁷³⁷⁸
• "W" (Omaha): opening A³⁷⁹
• "Wanderer" (invented): nonstandard³⁸⁰
• "What Will You Do?" (Kwakiutl), "Old Woman" (Bella Coola): opening B³⁸¹
• "Wheelbarrow" (invented): Navajo opening³⁸²
• "[White] Man in a Bed" (N. America): opening A³⁸³
• "[White Man's] Camp Bed"/"Fetish Man's Breastplate"/"Sumbo" (central Africa: "Fishing Net"): nonstandard³⁸⁴
• "Winking Eye" (Kauai): non-standard³⁸⁵
• "Wolf" (Inuit: "Amaroqdjung"): ???³⁸⁶
• "Woman" (Nauru: "Egattamma"): ???³⁸⁷
• "Woman Who Walks a Lot" (N. New Guinea): opening A³⁸⁸
• "Women of Rank" (Nauru: "Etima and Etowa"; Nauru women of rank): ???³⁸⁹
• "Worm" (Navajo): Navajo opening³⁹⁰
• "Would You Like a Sweet/Yam?" (northern Australia),³⁹¹ "Will You Have a Yam?"/"Food" (Torres Straits: "Lewer"):³⁹² position 1
• "Yam Thief"/"Snake in the Trees" (South America), "Mouse" (Inuit): nonstandard³⁹³

See also

• Notable string scholars

The list includes all figures from Elffers & Schuyt (1979), Gryski (1983) and (1985), ISFA (1999), and Jayne (1962).

External links

Webpages with lists of string figures:

• "String Figure of the Month", ISFA.org.
• "Index to the Collection", WWW Collection of Favorite String Figures.
• "String Figures", Gadan.it.
• "Index", String Figure Studio.
• "Introduction", Dine String Games.
• "Jayne's Finished-Pattern-Only Figures", Neil Parker's homepage.
• The Survival, Origin and Mathematics of String Figures.
• "Strings on Your Fingers", GardenDigest.com.
• "Memoir No. 13: String-Figures From the Gilbert Islands", Journal of the Polynesian Society.
• Magazines Ficelles at the Wayback Machine (archived June 13, 2013) (in French)
• Magazine Mai 2003 at the Wayback Machine (archived June 13, 2013) (in English)

References

1. Elffers, Joost and Schuyt, Michael (1979). Cat's Cradle and Other String Figures, p.196. Translation of Das Hexenspiel (1978). ISBN 0140052011. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

2. Jayne (1962), p.372-75. Collected by Stewart Culin from four Hawaiian sailors, Aka (Kamehameha), Daviese Kahimoku, Welakahao, and Hale Paka (Harry Park), from Honolulu (????). /wiki/Stewart_Culin ↩

3. Elffers, Joost and Schuyt, Michael (1979). Cat's Cradle and Other String Figures, p.196. Translation of Das Hexenspiel (1978). ISBN 0140052011. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

4. Jayne (1962), p.372-75. Collected by Stewart Culin from four Hawaiian sailors, Aka (Kamehameha), Daviese Kahimoku, Welakahao, and Hale Paka (Harry Park), from Honolulu (????). /wiki/Stewart_Culin ↩

5. Jayne (1962), p.372-75. Collected by Stewart Culin from four Hawaiian sailors, Aka (Kamehameha), Daviese Kahimoku, Welakahao, and Hale Paka (Harry Park), from Honolulu (????). /wiki/Stewart_Culin ↩

6. International String Figure Association (ISFA) (1996/1999). Fascinating String Figures, p.75. ISBN 0486404005. Invented by Felix Paturi in Rodenbach, Germany. /wiki/International_String_Figure_Association ↩

7. "String Figure of the Month 2013: Antares", ISFA.org. Collected by Honor Maude in Nauru. http://www.isfa.org/sfotm/march_2013/antares_1.htm ↩

8. Jayne (1962), p.12. Collected by Jayne from a girl in New Mexico (1904). /wiki/New_Mexico ↩

9. Jayne (1962), p.12. Collected by Jayne from a girl in New Mexico (1904). /wiki/New_Mexico ↩

10. Jayne (1962), p.12. Collected by Jayne from a girl in New Mexico (1904). /wiki/New_Mexico ↩

11. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.88. ↩

12. Jayne (1906), p.12-15. https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:String_Figures_and_How_to_Make_Them.djvu&page=44 ↩

13. Gryski, Camilla (1983). Cat's Cradle, Owl's Eyes: A Book of String Games, p.58. ISBN 0-688-03941-3. /wiki/Camilla_Gryski ↩

14. Jayne (1962), p.246. Collected by Jayne from an Apache woman, Darcia Tafoya, in Jicarilla, New Mexico (1904). ↩

15. Jayne (1962), p.359-66. Inuit figures with no instructions collected by Dr. George B. Gordon in Alaska on an expedition for the Philadelphia Free Museum of Science and Art (????). /wiki/George_B._Gordon ↩

16. Jayne (1962), p.359-66. Inuit figures with no instructions collected by Dr. George B. Gordon in Alaska on an expedition for the Philadelphia Free Museum of Science and Art (????). /wiki/George_B._Gordon ↩

17. Jayne (1962), p.133. Collected by Jayne from Zah Tso & sister (1904). ↩

18. ISFA (1999), p.21. Collected by Daniel Sutherland Davidson in Northern Australia (????). /wiki/Northern_Australia ↩

19. Jayne (1962), p.43 & 46. Collected by Jayne from a, "young man," in the Vietnamese section at the St. Louis Expo (1904). ↩

20. Jayne (1962), p.43 & 46. Collected by Jayne from a, "young man," in the Vietnamese section at the St. Louis Expo (1904). ↩

21. Averkieva, Julia and Sherman, Mark (1992). Kwakiutl String Figures, p.12. ISBN 029597172X. /wiki/Julia_Averkieva ↩

22. Averkieva & Sherman (1992), p.13 and 10. ↩

23. Averkieva & Sherman (1992), p.11. ↩

24. Averkieva, Julia and Sherman, Mark (1992). Kwakiutl String Figures, p.12. ISBN 029597172X. /wiki/Julia_Averkieva ↩

25. Gryski (1983), p.52. ↩

26. Jayne (1962), p.372-75. Collected by Stewart Culin from four Hawaiian sailors, Aka (Kamehameha), Daviese Kahimoku, Welakahao, and Hale Paka (Harry Park), from Honolulu (????). /wiki/Stewart_Culin ↩

27. Jayne (1962), p.314. Collected by Jayne from Tso et al (1904). ↩

28. Jayne (1962), p.212. Collected by Jayne from Tso and sister (1904). ↩

29. Jayne (1962), p.. Collected by Jayne from Chief Zaroff (1904). ↩

30. Jayne (1962), p.372-75. Collected by Stewart Culin from four Hawaiian sailors, Aka (Kamehameha), Daviese Kahimoku, Welakahao, and Hale Paka (Harry Park), from Honolulu (????). /wiki/Stewart_Culin ↩

31. Jayne (1962), p.301 & 307. Collected by John L. Cox in Hampton, Virginia from a Pueblo Indian, Antonio Abeita, from Isleta, New Mexico and from Emma Jackson (????), also Culin. ↩

32. Jayne (1962), p.301 & 307. Collected by John L. Cox in Hampton, Virginia from a Pueblo Indian, Antonio Abeita, from Isleta, New Mexico and from Emma Jackson (????), also Culin. ↩

33. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.84. ↩

34. Jayne (1962), p.219. Collected by Jayne from Tso et al. (1904). ↩

35. Jayne (1962), p.367-71. Nauru figures without instructions given to Furness as prepared mounted illustrations by E. Stephen in Pleasant Island (????). ↩

36. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.136. With story. ↩

37. Jayne (1962), p.195. Collected by Haddon, published first by Jayne. ↩

38. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.185. ↩

39. Jayne (1962), p.124. Collected by Dr. Boas in Baffin Land. ↩

40. Jayne (1962), p.359-66. Inuit figures with no instructions collected by Dr. George B. Gordon in Alaska on an expedition for the Philadelphia Free Museum of Science and Art (????). /wiki/George_B._Gordon ↩

41. Jayne (1962), p.142. Collected by W.H. Furness from Emily on their way to the Caroline Islands (1902). ↩

42. Jayne (1962), p.260. Collected by Furness from a woman, Emily, in the Caroline Islands (????). ↩

43. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.200. ↩

44. Jayne (1962), p.131. Collected but not published by Haddon. ↩

45. ISFA (1999), p.27. Collected by Peter H. Buck in the South Pacific (????). ↩

46. Gryski (1983), p.63. ↩

47. Buchanan, Andrea J. and Peskowitz, Miriam (2007). The Daring Book for Girls, p.277. ISBN 978-0-06-147257-2. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

48. Jayne, C. F. (1906/1962), p.324. https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:String_Figures_and_How_to_Make_Them.djvu&page=367 ↩

49. Anderson, John P. (2010). Joyce's Finnegans Wake: The Curse of Kabbalah, Volume 4, p.301. ISBN 978-1-59942-810-9. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

50. Gryski (1983), p.63. ↩

51. Elffers and Schuyt (1979), p.27. ↩

52. Gryski (1983), p.63. ↩

53. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.100. ↩

54. Gryski (1983), p.63. ↩

55. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.100. ↩

56. Gryski (1983), p.63. ↩

57. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.100. ↩

58. Gryski (1983), p.63. ↩

59. Gryski (1983), p.63. ↩

60. Buchanan, Andrea J. and Peskowitz, Miriam (2007). The Daring Book for Girls, p.277. ISBN 978-0-06-147257-2. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

61. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.100. ↩

62. Gryski (1983), p.63. ↩

63. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.100. ↩

64. Gryski (1983), p.63. ↩

65. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.100. ↩

66. Gryski (1983), p.63. ↩

67. Gryski (1983), p.63. ↩

68. Gryski (1983), p.63. ↩

69. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.34. ↩

70. "String Figure of the Month 2013: Chochaio Bird", ISFA.org. Collected by Father Raymund (????). http://www.isfa.org/sfotm/january_2013/chochaio_1.htm ↩

71. Jayne (1962), p.146. Collected by Furness from Emily on their way to the Caroline Islands (1902). ↩

72. Jayne (1962), p.359-66. Inuit figures with no instructions collected by Dr. George B. Gordon in Alaska on an expedition for the Philadelphia Free Museum of Science and Art (????). /wiki/George_B._Gordon ↩

73. ISFA (1999), p.24. Collected by Johannes Carl Andersen in New Zealand (????). /wiki/Johannes_Carl_Andersen ↩

74. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.204. ↩

75. Jayne (1962), p.176. Collected by Furness, from Lemet, a Uap Mispil, in Dulukan (????). /wiki/Mispil ↩

76. Jayne (1962), p.393. ↩

77. Gryski (1983), p.18. ↩

78. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.31. ↩

79. Gryski (1983), p.18. ↩

80. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.31. ↩

81. Gryski (1983), p.18. ↩

82. Jayne (1962), p.30. Collected by Harlan I. Smith in Thompson River B.C. on the Jesup North Pacific Expedition (1897–1902). Upside down compared to "Cup and Saucer". /wiki/Jesup_North_Pacific_Expedition#Harlan_I._Smith ↩

83. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.31. ↩

84. Gryski (1983), p.20. ↩

85. Gryski (1983), p.28. ↩

86. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.182. ↩

87. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.148. ↩

88. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.148. ↩

89. Gryski (1983), p.40. ↩

90. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.148. ↩

91. Gryski (1983), p.40. ↩

92. Jayne (1962), p.24. Collected by Jayne in Pawhuska (1904), also exists in Hawaii. /wiki/Pawhuska ↩

93. Jayne (1962), p.24. Collected by Jayne in Pawhuska (1904), also exists in Hawaii. /wiki/Pawhuska ↩

94. Gryski (1983), p.40. ↩

95. Gryski (1983), p.40. ↩

96. Gryski (1983), p.40. ↩

97. Gryski (1983), p.40. ↩

98. Gryski (1983), p.40. ↩

99. "String Figure of the Month 2013: King's Crown", ISFA.org. Collected by Erik Kaas Nielsen from a sixth grade student, Susanne Nielsen, at Brøndbyvester School, Copenhagen (1965). http://www.isfa.org/sfotm/august_2013/crown_1.htm ↩

100. Jayne (1962), p.359-66. Inuit figures with no instructions collected by Dr. George B. Gordon in Alaska on an expedition for the Philadelphia Free Museum of Science and Art (????). /wiki/George_B._Gordon ↩

101. ISFA (1999), p.59. Collected by Diamond Jenness in Canada (????). /wiki/Diamond_Jenness ↩

102. Jayne (1962), p.345. Collected by Dr. S. Levinstein from traveling Dravidians in Leipzig (????). ↩

103. "String Figure of the Month 2013: A Drunken Tree", ISFA.org. Collected by Isabel Balducci in Gran Chaco, Argentina (????). http://www.isfa.org/sfotm/october_2013/drunken_tree_1.htm ↩

104. Gryski (1985). Many Stars and More String Games, p.20. ISBN 0688057926. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

105. Jayne (1962), p.367-71. Nauru figures without instructions given to Furness as prepared mounted illustrations by E. Stephen in Pleasant Island (????). ↩

106. Jayne (1962), p.367-71. Nauru figures without instructions given to Furness as prepared mounted illustrations by E. Stephen in Pleasant Island (????). ↩

107. ISFA (1999), p.55. Collected by Raul Martinez-Crovetto in Norther Patagonia, Argentina (????). ↩

108. Jayne (1962), p.16. Collected by Dr. Haddon on the Cambridge Anthropological Expedition (1898), see Rivers and Haddon (1902, p.150). ↩

109. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.200. ↩

110. Jayne (1962), p.320. Collected by Furness from a boy, Gumaun, in the Caroline Islands (????). Collected by Haddon in the Torres Straits (1898). ↩

111. Gryski (1985), p.26. ↩

112. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.138. ↩

113. Jayne (1962), p.346. Collected Jayne from a Chippewa Chief at the St. Louis Expo (1904), and by Furness from a Yap boy (1902). ↩

114. Averkieva & Sherman (1992), p.7. ↩

115. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.188. ↩

116. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.187. ↩

117. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.187. ↩

118. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.188. ↩

119. Rivers and Haddon (1902), p.149, fig.1. Cited in Jayne (1962), p.32. ↩

120. Gryski (1983), p.22. ↩

121. Jayne (1962), p.32. Salish collected by Harlan I. Smith in Thompson River (1897–1902), Clayoquaht by Haddon at St. Louis Exposition (1904), Zuni by Stewart Culin in New Mexico (????). /wiki/Tla-o-qui-aht_First_Nations ↩

122. Gryski (1983), p.22. ↩

123. Jayne (1962), p.32. Salish collected by Harlan I. Smith in Thompson River (1897–1902), Clayoquaht by Haddon at St. Louis Exposition (1904), Zuni by Stewart Culin in New Mexico (????). /wiki/Tla-o-qui-aht_First_Nations ↩

124. Jayne (1962), p.32. Salish collected by Harlan I. Smith in Thompson River (1897–1902), Clayoquaht by Haddon at St. Louis Exposition (1904), Zuni by Stewart Culin in New Mexico (????). /wiki/Tla-o-qui-aht_First_Nations ↩

125. Gryski (1983), p.22. ↩

126. Gryski (1983), p.22. ↩

127. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.42. ↩

128. Gryski (1983), p.22. ↩

129. Gryski (1983), p.22. ↩

130. Jayne (1962), p.32. Salish collected by Harlan I. Smith in Thompson River (1897–1902), Clayoquaht by Haddon at St. Louis Exposition (1904), Zuni by Stewart Culin in New Mexico (????). /wiki/Tla-o-qui-aht_First_Nations ↩

131. Jayne (1962), p.367-71. Nauru figures without instructions given to Furness as prepared mounted illustrations by E. Stephen in Pleasant Island (????). ↩

132. "String Figure of the Month 2013: A Flower", ISFA.org. Collected by Will Wirt from a student at Navajo Mountain High School, Utah (????). http://www.isfa.org/sfotm/november_2013/flower_1.htm ↩

133. Gryski (1983), p.54. ↩

134. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.38. ↩

135. Jayne (1962), p.348. Collected by Haddon (????). ↩

136. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.75. ↩

137. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.204. ↩

138. Jayne (1962), p.359-66. Inuit figures with no instructions collected by Dr. George B. Gordon in Alaska on an expedition for the Philadelphia Free Museum of Science and Art (????). /wiki/George_B._Gordon ↩

139. ISFA (1999), p.66. Collected by G.B. Gordon in King Island (first print in Jayne 1906). /wiki/George_Byron_Gordon_(archaeologist) ↩

140. Gryski (1985), p.32. ↩

141. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.76. ↩

142. Jayne (1962), p.85. Collected by Haddon from a native from Lifu in Mabuiag (????) ↩

143. Gryski (1985), p.36 & 38. ↩

144. Gryski (1985), p.36 & 38. ↩

145. Jayne (1962), p.88. ↩

146. Jayne (1962), p.89. Collected by Rivers & Haddon in Saguane (????). ↩

147. Jayne (1962), p.394. ↩

148. "String Figure of the Month 2013: Giraffe Eating Grass", ISFA.org. Invented by Kazuo Kamiya of Saitama, Japan. http://www.isfa.org/sfotm/february_2013/giraffe_1.htm ↩

149. Jayne (1962), p.372-75. Collected by Stewart Culin from four Hawaiian sailors, Aka (Kamehameha), Daviese Kahimoku, Welakahao, and Hale Paka (Harry Park), from Honolulu (????). /wiki/Stewart_Culin ↩

150. ISFA (1999), p.29. Collected by James Hornell in Zanzibar Island (????). /wiki/James_Hornell ↩

151. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.53. ↩

152. Jayne (1962), p.339. Collected by Jayne from Linao Moro and Negrito Filipinos (1904) and by Furness from Dakofel in the Caroline Islands (????). /wiki/Negrito ↩

153. Jayne (1962), p.371. Collected without instructions by Dr. Boas in Cumberland Sound. ↩

154. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.118. ↩

155. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.156. ↩

156. Jayne (1962), p.371. Collected without instructions by Dr. Boas in Cumberland Sound. ↩

157. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.47. ↩

158. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.110. ↩

159. Jayne (1962), p.200. Collected by Furness from a boy in West Carolines (1902). ↩

160. Jayne (1962), p.367-71. Nauru figures without instructions given to Furness as prepared mounted illustrations by E. Stephen in Pleasant Island (????). ↩

161. "String Figure of the Month 2013: A Hunter Stalking a Seal", ISFA.org. Collected by Guy Mary-Rousselière in Pelly Bay, Nunavut, Canada (????). http://www.isfa.org/sfotm/september_2013/seal_hunter_1.htm ↩

162. Jayne (1962), p.367-71. Nauru figures without instructions given to Furness as prepared mounted illustrations by E. Stephen in Pleasant Island (????). ↩

163. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.182. ↩

164. Gryski (1983), p.32. ↩

165. Gryski (1985), p.24. ↩

166. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.186. ↩

167. Gryski (1985), p.48 & 50. ↩

168. Jayne (1962), p.39. Collected by Haddon in Torres Straits (????). ↩

169. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.183. ↩

170. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.93. ↩

171. Jayne (1962), p.372-75. Collected by Stewart Culin from four Hawaiian sailors, Aka (Kamehameha), Daviese Kahimoku, Welakahao, and Hale Paka (Harry Park), from Honolulu (????). /wiki/Stewart_Culin ↩

172. Gryski (1985), p.44. ↩

173. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.130. ↩

174. Gryski (1985), p.18. ↩

175. Jayne (1962), p.359-66. Inuit figures with no instructions collected by Dr. George B. Gordon in Alaska on an expedition for the Philadelphia Free Museum of Science and Art (????). /wiki/George_B._Gordon ↩

176. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.195. ↩

177. Jayne (1962), p.116. Collected by Haddon from a part European/African/Cherokee Pullman porter (????) and by John L. Cox from an Onondaga Indian, Charles Doxon (????). ↩

178. Jayne (1962), p.359-66. Inuit figures with no instructions collected by Dr. George B. Gordon in Alaska on an expedition for the Philadelphia Free Museum of Science and Art (????). /wiki/George_B._Gordon ↩

179. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.195. ↩

180. Jayne (1962), p.116. Collected by Haddon from a part European/African/Cherokee Pullman porter (????) and by John L. Cox from an Onondaga Indian, Charles Doxon (????). ↩

181. Jayne (1962), p.116. Collected by Haddon from a part European/African/Cherokee Pullman porter (????) and by John L. Cox from an Onondaga Indian, Charles Doxon (????). ↩

182. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.195. ↩

183. Jayne (1962), p.116. Collected by Haddon from a part European/African/Cherokee Pullman porter (????) and by John L. Cox from an Onondaga Indian, Charles Doxon (????). ↩

184. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.195. ↩

185. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.195. ↩

186. Gryski (1985), p.30. ↩

187. Jayne (1962), p.116. Collected by Haddon from a part European/African/Cherokee Pullman porter (????) and by John L. Cox from an Onondaga Indian, Charles Doxon (????). ↩

188. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.195. ↩

189. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.120. ↩

190. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.197. ↩

191. Jayne (1962), p.216. Collected by Haddon in Chicago (1901). ↩

192. Gryski (1983), p.48. ↩

193. Jayne (1906), front matter. https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:String_Figures_and_How_to_Make_Them.djvu&page=5 ↩

194. Jayne (1962), p.359-66. Inuit figures with no instructions collected by Dr. George B. Gordon in Alaska on an expedition for the Philadelphia Free Museum of Science and Art (????). /wiki/George_B._Gordon ↩

195. Jayne (1962), p.295. Collected by John L. Cox from Emma Jackson (????). ↩

196. Jayne (1962), p.233. Collected by Haddon in the Torres Straits (1904). ↩

197. Jayne (1962), p.291. Collected by John L. Cox from Emma Jackson (????). ↩

198. ISFA (1999), p.34. Tradition, described by Hiroshi Noguchi of Tokyo (????). ↩

199. Jayne (1962), p.230. Collected by Jayne from Tso et al. (1904). ↩

200. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.184. ↩

201. Jayne (1962), p.391. ↩

202. Jayne (1962), p.372-75. Collected by Stewart Culin from four Hawaiian sailors, Aka (Kamehameha), Daviese Kahimoku, Welakahao, and Hale Paka (Harry Park), from Honolulu (????). /wiki/Stewart_Culin ↩

203. Jayne (1962), p.184. Collected by Jayne from Zah Tso & sister (1904). ↩

204. Gryski (1983), p.44. ↩

205. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.81. ↩

206. Jayne (1962), p.192. Collected by Haddon (????), published first by Jayne with chant. ↩

207. Gryski (1983), p.56-7. ↩

208. Gryski (1983), p.56-7. ↩

209. Gryski (1985), p.51. ↩

210. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.122. ↩

211. Jayne (1962), p.48, 53, & 66. Also Haddon (1903). Collected by Haddon from, "two old Navajo men," in Chicago (1901). ↩

212. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.121. ↩

213. Jayne (1962), p.372-75. Collected by Stewart Culin from four Hawaiian sailors, Aka (Kamehameha), Daviese Kahimoku, Welakahao, and Hale Paka (Harry Park), from Honolulu (????). /wiki/Stewart_Culin ↩

214. Jayne (1962), p.359-66. Inuit figures with no instructions collected by Dr. George B. Gordon in Alaska on an expedition for the Philadelphia Free Museum of Science and Art (????). /wiki/George_B._Gordon ↩

215. Jayne (1962), p.372-75. Collected by Stewart Culin from four Hawaiian sailors, Aka (Kamehameha), Daviese Kahimoku, Welakahao, and Hale Paka (Harry Park), from Honolulu (????). /wiki/Stewart_Culin ↩

216. Jayne (1962), p.253. Collected by Furness from a woman, Lemet, in the Caroline Islands (1902). ↩

217. Jayne (1962), p.48, 53, & 66. Also Haddon (1903). Collected by Haddon from, "two old Navajo men," in Chicago (1901). ↩

218. Jayne (1962), p.54 & 55. Collected by Jayne from two girls, Zah Tso and her sister, from Gallup, New Mexico at the St. Louis Expo (1904). ↩

219. Jayne (1962), p.54 & 55. Collected by Jayne from two girls, Zah Tso and her sister, from Gallup, New Mexico at the St. Louis Expo (1904). ↩

220. Jayne (1962), p.56. Collected by Jayne from two girls from Gallup, New Mexico at the St. Louis Expo (1904), also Culin. ↩

221. Jayne (1962), p.58, 60, & 64. Collected by Jayne from two girls from Gallup, New Mexico at the St. Louis Expo (1904). ↩

222. Jayne (1962), p.58, 60, & 64. Collected by Jayne from two girls from Gallup, New Mexico at the St. Louis Expo (1904). ↩

223. Jayne (1962), p.58, 60, & 64. Collected by Jayne from two girls from Gallup, New Mexico at the St. Louis Expo (1904). ↩

224. Jayne (1962), p.56. Collected by Jayne from two girls from Gallup, New Mexico at the St. Louis Expo (1904), also Culin. ↩

225. Jayne (1962), p.48, 53, & 66. Also Haddon (1903). Collected by Haddon from, "two old Navajo men," in Chicago (1901). ↩

226. Jayne (1962), p.69, 74, 79, & 82. Collected by John L. Cox from a Klamath Indian from Oregon, Emma Jackson, in Hampton, Virginia (????). ↩

227. Jayne (1962), p.209. Collected by John L. Cox from Wallace Springer (????). ↩

228. Gryski (1985), p.40. ↩

229. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.194. ↩

230. "String Figure of the Month 2013: Moe Hora Hia", ISFA.org. Collected by Kenneth Emory in Polynesia (????). http://www.isfa.org/sfotm/july_2013/ghosts_path_1.htm ↩

231. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.36. ↩

232. Gryski (1983), p.46. ↩

233. Gryski (1985), p.12. ↩

234. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.78. ↩

235. Jayne (1962), p.340. Collected by Jayne from Batwa, Negrito, Linao Moros, Chippewa, Osage, Navajo, and Apache. Collected by Haddon from the Omaha and Japanese, and in Torres Straits (????). It is also known to the Irish, Wajiji, and Alaskan Inuit. /w/index.php?title=Wajiji&action=edit&redlink=1 ↩

236. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.44-5. ↩

237. Jayne (1962), p.282. Collected by Jayne from an Inuk man from Alaska, Chief Zaroff, at the St. Louis Expo (1904). /wiki/Inuit ↩

238. Jayne (1962), p.359-66. Inuit figures with no instructions collected by Dr. George B. Gordon in Alaska on an expedition for the Philadelphia Free Museum of Science and Art (????). /wiki/George_B._Gordon ↩

239. Gryski (1983), p.38. ↩

240. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.185. ↩

241. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.25. ↩

242. "String Figure of the Month 2013: Naio Tree", ISFA.org. Collected by Lyle Dickey in Hawaii (????). http://www.isfa.org/sfotm/june_2013/naio_1.htm ↩

243. Averkieva & Sherman (1992), p.xxxi. ↩

244. Gryski (1983), p.48. ↩

245. ISFA (1999), p.52. Wheelbarrow: invented by Carey C.K. Smith in Stratford, New Zealand (???). ↩

246. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.197. ↩

247. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.194. ↩

248. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.197. ↩

249. Jayne (1962), p.372-75. Collected by Stewart Culin from four Hawaiian sailors, Aka (Kamehameha), Daviese Kahimoku, Welakahao, and Hale Paka (Harry Park), from Honolulu (????). /wiki/Stewart_Culin ↩

250. ISFA (1999), p.5 & 9. Collected by Lyle A. Dickey in Hawaii (????). ↩

251. ISFA (1999), p.5 & 9. Collected by Lyle A. Dickey in Hawaii (????). ↩

252. Jayne (1962), p.176. Collected by Furness from Emily (1902). ↩

253. Jayne (1962), p.243. Collected by Haddon in Chicago (1901). ↩

254. Jayne (1962), p.11. ↩

255. Gryski (1983), p.13 and (1985), p.9 and ISFA (1999), p.5. ↩

256. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.24. ↩

257. ISFA (1999), p.34. ↩

258. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.24. ↩

259. Gryski (1985), p.22. ↩

260. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.49. ↩

261. Jayne (1962), p.28. Collected by Jayne in Pawhuska (1904), also exists in Hawaii. ↩

262. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.201. ↩

263. Jayne (1962), p.195. Collected by Haddon. ↩

264. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.204. ↩

265. Miller, Lawrence G. (1945). "The Earliest (?) Description of a String Figure". American Anthropologist. New Series. 47 (3): 461–462. doi:10.1525/aa.1945.47.3.02a00190. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩

266. D'Antoni, Joseph (1997), Bulletin of the International String Figure Association, 4: 90–94, ISSN 1076-7886 {{citation}}: Missing or empty |title= (help) /wiki/ISSN_(identifier) ↩

267. ISFA (June 2001). "Plinthios Brokhos". String Figure Magazine. 6 (2). International String Figure Association: 3–4. Retrieved 2008-08-13. /wiki/International_String_Figure_Association ↩

268. Day, Cyrus L. (1967). Quipus and Witches' Knots. Lawrence, Kansas: University of Kansas Press. pp. 86–89, 124–126. https://archive.org/details/quipuswitcheskno0000dayc ↩

269. Gryski (1985), p.28. ↩

270. ISFA (1999), p.14. Collected by Diamond Jenness in Northern Alaska (????). ↩

271. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.127. ↩

272. Jayne (1962), p.359-66. Inuit figures with no instructions collected by Dr. George B. Gordon in Alaska on an expedition for the Philadelphia Free Museum of Science and Art (????). /wiki/George_B._Gordon ↩

273. Jayne (1962), p.137. Collected by John L. Cox from Emma Jackson (1904). "Appears to be...an [Inuit] figure,...very widely distributed." ↩

274. Jayne (1962), p.10. ↩

275. Gryski (1983), p.12. ↩

276. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.22. ↩

277. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.23. ↩

278. Jayne (1962), p.372-75. Collected by Stewart Culin from four Hawaiian sailors, Aka (Kamehameha), Daviese Kahimoku, Welakahao, and Hale Paka (Harry Park), from Honolulu (????). /wiki/Stewart_Culin ↩

279. Jayne (1962), p.367-71. Nauru figures without instructions given to Furness as prepared mounted illustrations by E. Stephen in Pleasant Island (????). ↩

280. Jayne (1962), p.372-75. Collected by Stewart Culin from four Hawaiian sailors, Aka (Kamehameha), Daviese Kahimoku, Welakahao, and Hale Paka (Harry Park), from Honolulu (????). /wiki/Stewart_Culin ↩

281. Jayne (1962), p.372-75. Collected by Stewart Culin from four Hawaiian sailors, Aka (Kamehameha), Daviese Kahimoku, Welakahao, and Hale Paka (Harry Park), from Honolulu (????). /wiki/Stewart_Culin ↩

282. Jayne (1962), p.276. Collected by Jayne from a Congo Kasai Valley Batwa boy, Ottobang, at the St. Louis Expo (1904). /wiki/Congo_(area) ↩

283. Jayne (1962), p.69, 74, 79, & 82. Collected by John L. Cox from a Klamath Indian from Oregon, Emma Jackson, in Hampton, Virginia (????). ↩

284. Gryski (1985), p.54. ↩

285. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.132. ↩

286. Jayne (1962), p.359-66. Inuit figures with no instructions collected by Dr. George B. Gordon in Alaska on an expedition for the Philadelphia Free Museum of Science and Art (????). /wiki/George_B._Gordon ↩

287. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.204. ↩

288. Jayne (1962), p.101, 110, 114, & 114. Collected by John L. Cox from Emma Jackson (????). ↩

289. Jayne (1962), p.101, 110, 114, & 114. Collected by John L. Cox from Emma Jackson (????). ↩

290. Jayne (1962), p.101, 110, 114, & 114. Collected by John L. Cox from Emma Jackson (????). ↩

291. Jayne (1962), p.101, 110, 114, & 114. Collected by John L. Cox from Emma Jackson (????). ↩

292. Elffers, Joost and Schuyt, Michael (1979). Cat's Cradle and Other String Figures, p.196. Translation of Das Hexenspiel (1978). ISBN 0140052011. /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩

293. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.72. ↩

294. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.26. ↩

295. Gryski (1985), p.62. ↩

296. ISFA (1999), p.37. Collected by Harry and Honor Maude in Micronesia (????). /wiki/Henry_Evans_Maude ↩

297. Jayne (1962), p.372-75. Collected by Stewart Culin from four Hawaiian sailors, Aka (Kamehameha), Daviese Kahimoku, Welakahao, and Hale Paka (Harry Park), from Honolulu (????). /wiki/Stewart_Culin ↩

298. Gryski (1983), p.36. ↩

299. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.112. ↩

300. Jayne (1962), p.356. Collected by Jayne from a girl in Ireland (???). ↩

301. Jayne (1962), p.390. ↩

302. Jayne (1962), p.359-66. Inuit figures with no instructions collected by Dr. George B. Gordon in Alaska on an expedition for the Philadelphia Free Museum of Science and Art (????). /wiki/George_B._Gordon ↩

303. Gryski (1985), p.58. ↩

304. Jayne (1962), p.359-66. Inuit figures with no instructions collected by Dr. George B. Gordon in Alaska on an expedition for the Philadelphia Free Museum of Science and Art (????). /wiki/George_B._Gordon ↩

305. Jayne (1962), p.359-66. Inuit figures with no instructions collected by Dr. George B. Gordon in Alaska on an expedition for the Philadelphia Free Museum of Science and Art (????). /wiki/George_B._Gordon ↩

306. Jayne (1962), p.34. ↩

307. Jayne (1962), p.367-71. Nauru figures without instructions given to Furness as prepared mounted illustrations by E. Stephen in Pleasant Island (????). ↩

308. Jayne (1962), p.299. Collected by Jayne from Tso et al. (1904). ↩

309. Jayne (1962), p.372-75. Collected by Stewart Culin from four Hawaiian sailors, Aka (Kamehameha), Daviese Kahimoku, Welakahao, and Hale Paka (Harry Park), from Honolulu (????). /wiki/Stewart_Culin ↩

310. ISFA (1999), p.11. Collected from children by Will Wirt in northeastern Peru (????). ↩

311. ISFA (1999), p.70. Collected from a girl by H.R. Haefelfinger in Basel, Germany (????). ↩

312. Jayne (1962), p.359-66. Inuit figures with no instructions collected by Dr. George B. Gordon in Alaska on an expedition for the Philadelphia Free Museum of Science and Art (????). /wiki/George_B._Gordon ↩

313. Gryski (1983), p.30. ↩

314. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.126. ↩

315. Gryski (1985), p.34. ↩

316. Jayne (1962), p.359-66. Inuit figures with no instructions collected by Dr. George B. Gordon in Alaska on an expedition for the Philadelphia Free Museum of Science and Art (????). /wiki/George_B._Gordon ↩

317. Jayne (1962), p.359-66. Inuit figures with no instructions collected by Dr. George B. Gordon in Alaska on an expedition for the Philadelphia Free Museum of Science and Art (????). /wiki/George_B._Gordon ↩

318. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.43. ↩

319. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.46. ↩

320. ISFA (1999), p.63. Invented in by Udo Engelhardt in Berlin, Germany (????). ↩

321. Jayne (1962), p.392. ↩

322. Jayne (1962), p.359-66. Inuit figures with no instructions collected by Dr. George B. Gordon in Alaska on an expedition for the Philadelphia Free Museum of Science and Art (????). /wiki/George_B._Gordon ↩

323. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.117. ↩

324. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.117. ↩

325. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.114. ↩

326. Jayne (1962), p.236. Collected by Jayne from Tso et al. (1904). ↩

327. ISFA (1999), p.49. Collected by Honor Maude in Micronesia (????). ↩

328. Jayne (1962), p.69, 74, 79, & 82. Collected by John L. Cox from a Klamath Indian from Oregon, Emma Jackson, in Hampton, Virginia (????). ↩

329. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.151. ↩

330. Jayne (1962), p.21. Collected by Dr. Haddon in the Torres Straits (????), see Rivers and Haddon (1902, p.150). ↩

331. ISFA (1999), p.44. Collected by Diamond Jenness in Canada (????). ↩

332. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.194. ↩

333. Jayne (1962), p.248. Collected by the Rev. John Gray from children in Cowgate, Edinburgh (????), story described by Margaret A. Hingston as in Somerset. ↩

334. "String Figure of the Month 2013: Tao Ta 16", ISFA.org. Invented by Masahiko Eguchi of Japan, based on techniques from Tikopia Island. http://www.isfa.org/sfotm/april_2013/tao_ta_16_1.htm ↩

335. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.200. ↩

336. Jayne (1962), p.150, 156, 158, & 162. Collected by Furness from Emily (1902), Roth gives "Turtle". ↩

337. Jayne (1962), p.150, 156, 158, & 162. Collected by Furness from Emily (1902), Roth gives "Turtle". ↩

338. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.200. ↩

339. Jayne (1962), p.150, 156, 158, & 162. Collected by Furness from Emily (1902), Roth gives "Turtle". ↩

340. Jayne (1962), p.395. ↩

341. Jayne (1962), p.150, 156, 158, & 162. Collected by Furness from Emily (1902), Roth gives "Turtle". ↩

342. Jayne (1962), p.160. Collected by Dr. Furness from a boy in West Carolines (1902). Step two produces "Plinthios Brokhos" ↩

343. Jayne (1962), p.150, 156, 158, & 162. Collected by Furness from Emily (1902), Roth gives "Turtle". ↩

344. Jayne (1962), p.354. ↩

345. Jayne (1962), p.167. Collected by Furness from a 13yo woman, Dakofel, in the West Carolines (???). ↩

346. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.38. ↩

347. Jayne (1962), p.359-66. Inuit figures with no instructions collected by Dr. George B. Gordon in Alaska on an expedition for the Philadelphia Free Museum of Science and Art (????). /wiki/George_B._Gordon ↩

348. Jayne (1962), p.350. Collected by Jayne in Pawhuska (1904). ↩

349. Jayne (1962), p.367-71. Nauru figures without instructions given to Furness as prepared mounted illustrations by E. Stephen in Pleasant Island (????). ↩

350. ISFA (1999), p.41. Collected by Julia Averkieva in Vancouver Island (????). ↩

351. Jayne (1962), p.337. Collected by Haddon in the Torres Straits (????). Collected by Furness from a boy in the Caroline Islands (1902). ↩

352. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.63. ↩

353. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.197. ↩

354. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.182. ↩

355. Jayne (1962), p.96. Collected by Haddon (????), first published by Jayne. ↩

356. ISFA (1999), p.19. Modern figure, possible 1st mention: Noguchi, Hiroshi (1980). ↩

357. Jayne (1962), p.265 & 271. "Turtle" collected by Furness from a woman, Dakofel, in the Caroline Islands (????). "Ten Times" resembles a figure Jayne saw Linao Moros people form in St. Louis (1904). ↩

358. Jayne (1962), p.265 & 271. "Turtle" collected by Furness from a woman, Dakofel, in the Caroline Islands (????). "Ten Times" resembles a figure Jayne saw Linao Moros people form in St. Louis (1904). ↩

359. Jayne (1962), p.228. Collected by Jayne from Tso et al. (1904), also Culin. ↩

360. Jayne (1962), p.317. Collected by Cox from Emma Jackson (????). ↩

361. Jayne (1962), p.188. Collected by Furness, from a man, probably from Dulukan, in Uap (????). ↩

362. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.197. ↩

363. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.201. ↩

364. Jayne (1962), p.393. ↩

365. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.201. ↩

366. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.205. ↩

367. Jayne (1962), p.69, 74, 79, & 82. Collected by John L. Cox from a Klamath Indian from Oregon, Emma Jackson, in Hampton, Virginia (????). ↩

368. Jayne (1962), p.121. Collected by Haddon from two old Navajo men in Chicago (1901), also Culin. ↩

369. ISFA (1999), p.72. Collected by Walter E. Roth in Guyana (????). /wiki/Walter_Roth ↩

370. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.205. ↩

371. Jayne (1962), p.287. Collected by John L. Cox from Emma Jackson (????). ↩

372. Jayne (1962), p.359-66. Inuit figures with no instructions collected by Dr. George B. Gordon in Alaska on an expedition for the Philadelphia Free Museum of Science and Art (????). /wiki/George_B._Gordon ↩

373. Jayne (1962), p.359-66. Inuit figures with no instructions collected by Dr. George B. Gordon in Alaska on an expedition for the Philadelphia Free Museum of Science and Art (????). /wiki/George_B._Gordon ↩

374. Jayne (1962), p.129. Collected by Jayne from Zah Tso & sister (1904). ↩

375. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.205. ↩

376. Jayne (1962), p.367-71. Nauru figures without instructions given to Furness as prepared mounted illustrations by E. Stephen in Pleasant Island (????). ↩

377. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.197. ↩

378. Jayne (1962), p.127. Collected by Boas. ↩

379. Jayne (1962), p.204. Collected by John L. Cox in Hampton, Virginia, from Wallace Springer, an Omaha Indian (????). ↩

380. "String Figure of the Month 2013: A Wanderer", ISFA.org. Invented by Tom Storer after Hiroshi Noguchi (????). http://www.isfa.org/sfotm/december_2013/wanderer_1.htm ↩

381. Averkieva & Sherman (1992), p.9. ↩

382. ISFA (1999), p.52. Wheelbarrow: invented by Carey C.K. Smith in Stratford, New Zealand (???). ↩

383. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.87. ↩

384. Gryski (1985), p.16. ↩

385. Gryski (1983), p.24. ↩

386. Jayne (1962), p.371. Collected without instructions by Dr. Boas in Cumberland Sound. ↩

387. Jayne (1962), p.367-71. Nauru figures without instructions given to Furness as prepared mounted illustrations by E. Stephen in Pleasant Island (????). ↩

388. "String Figure of the Month 2013: The Woman Who Walks a Lot", ISFA.org. Collected by Camilla Wedgwood in N. New Guinea (????). http://www.isfa.org/sfotm/may_2013/walking_woman_1.htm ↩

389. Jayne (1962), p.367-71. Nauru figures without instructions given to Furness as prepared mounted illustrations by E. Stephen in Pleasant Island (????). ↩

390. Jayne (1962), p.222. Collected by Jayne from Tso et al. (1904). ↩

391. Elffers & Schuyt (1979), p.134. ↩

392. Jayne (1962), p.352. Collected by Haddon (????). ↩

393. Gryski (1983), p.50. ↩