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List of video game developers

This is a list of notable video game companies that have made games for either computers (like PC or Mac), video game consoles, handheld or mobile devices, and includes companies that currently exist as well as now-defunct companies.

See the list of video games for other lists relating to video games, and defunct video game companies for a more specific list of companies that no longer exist. Many of the developers publish their own games.

List of notable developers

Legend
Active independently
Active as subsidiary
Defunct and no longer active
DeveloperCityAdministrative divisionCountryEst.Notable games, series or franchisesNotes
0verflowTokyoJapan1997School DaysSummer DaysCross DaysVisual Novel brand (both developer and publisher)
11 bit studiosWarsawMasovian VoivodeshipPoland2010This War of MineFrostpunkIndie developer/publisher
1C CompanyMoscowRussia1991King's Bounty: Warriors of the NorthThe company still exists, but Snowball Studios [ru], the game development subsidiary, was dissolved in 2012 and former employees of the studios formed Snowbird Game Studios, and 1C Entertainment, the game publishing, localization, and development subsidiary, was acquired by Tencent and was renamed Fulqrum Games in 2022.
1-Up StudioTokyoJapan2000Mother 3Subsidiary of Nintendo. Formed by former employees of Square
2K CzechBrnoCzech Republic1997MafiaMafia IIFormer subsidiary of 2K; previously known as Illusion Softworks; closed in 2017 after merged into Hangar 13
2KNovatoCaliforniaUnited States2005Developer/publisher/distributor/marketer; owned by Take-Two Interactive
343 IndustriesRedmondWashingtonUnited States2009Halo seriesSubsidiary of Microsoft Studios, took over development for the Halo franchise from Bungie
38 StudiosProvidenceRhode IslandUnited States2006Kingdoms of Amalur: ReckoningDefunct in 2012; their assets were acquired by THQ Nordic
3D RealmsGarlandTexasUnited States1987Duke Nukem seriesAcquired by Saber Interactive in 2021
42 EntertainmentPasadenaCaliforniaUnited States1993I Love Bees
4A GamesKyivSliemaUkraineMalta20052014Metro seriesThey moved its headquarters from Ukraine to Malta; acquired by Embracer Group in 20201
5th CellBellevueWashingtonUnited States2003Scribblenauts series
87KGamesWarringtonEnglandUnited Kingdom2024Don't Be Scared Of The Dead
989 StudiosFoster CityCaliforniaUnited States1995Twisted Metal III–4Jet Moto 2124Division of Sony Computer Entertainment America
Acclaim EntertainmentGlen CoveNew YorkUnited States1987Developer/Publisher; declared Bankruptcy August 2004
Acclaim Studios AustinSanta ClaraCaliforniaUnited States1991Turok seriesAll-Star Baseball seriesSouth Park seriesAcquired by Acclaim Entertainment in 1995
AccoladeSan JoseCaliforniaUnited States1984HardBall! seriesStar Control seriesTest Drive II–IIIFormer publisher and developer. Acquired by Atari, SA née Infogrames in 1999, name retired.
Access GamesOsakaJapan2002Deadly PremonitionSubsidiary of Digital Media Lab [ja]
Access SoftwareSalt Lake CityUtahUnited States1982Under a Killing MoonThe Pandora DirectiveTop Spin seriesAcquired by Microsoft
ACE TeamSantiago de ChileChile2007Zeno Clash series
Aces Game StudioRedmondWashingtonUnited States1988Microsoft Flight SimulatorAcquired by Microsoft
AcquireChiyoda, TokyoJapan1994Tenchu seriesWay of the Samurai seriesShinobido seriesAkiba seriesNo Heroes Allowed! seriesOctopath TravelerDeveloper/publisher; acquired by GungHo Online Entertainment in 2011 and then acquired by Kadokawa Corporation in 2024
Action FormsKyivUkraine1995Carnivores seriesTheir main employees moved to Tatem Games
Active Gaming MediaOsakaJapan2006Game localization, debugging/testing, international indie game distribution, publishing
ActivisionSanta MonicaCaliforniaUnited States1979Call of Duty seriesMechWarrior 2Also video game publisher; acquired several other developers; merged with Vivendi Games to form Activision Blizzard in 2008
Adventure SoftBirminghamEnglandUnited Kingdom1992Simon the Sorcerer seriesThe development company is now defunct but the publishing company, Adventure Soft Publishing, is still active.
AkellaMoscowRussia1995Age of Sail IIAge of Pirates seriesSea DogsDefunct in 2012
Alfa SystemKumamoto CityJapan1988Tales of the World seriesOreshika seriesAcquired by Meteorise in 2021
AlphaDreamTokyoJapan2000Mario & Luigi seriesDefunct in 2019
Amazon Game StudiosSeattleWashingtonUnited States2012New WorldSubsidiary of Amazon.com
Animation MagicGaithersburgMarylandUnited States1991Link: The Faces of Evil Zelda: The Wand of GamelonAcquired by Davidson & Associates, a subsidiary of Cendant Software (latterly Vivendi Games), in 1997; closed in 2001
Amazon Game Studios, Orange County (formerly Double Helix Games)IrvineCaliforniaUnited States2007Silent Hill: HomecomingKiller InstinctFront Mission Evolvedacquired by Amazon and incorporated in Amazon Game Studios
AmbrellaTokyoJapan1996Hey You, Pikachu!Pokémon Rumble seriesAcquired and merged by Creatures in 2020
AncientHinoJapan1990
AninoManilaPhilippines2001Despicable Me: Minion Mania
Ankama GamesRoubaixFrance2001WakfuDofus
Appy EntertainmentCarlsbadCaliforniaUnited States2008
Appxplore (iCandy)Kuala LumpurMalaysia2011Alien HiveSnaky Cat70% of the company is owned by iCandy Interactive
AQ InteractiveTokyoJapan2005Merged into Marvelous Entertainment in 2011
AquriaYokohamaKanagawaJapan2002Sword Art Online series
Arc System WorksYokohamaJapan1988Guilty Gear seriesBlazBlue seriesDragon Ball FighterZGranblue Fantasy VersusDeveloper/publisher
Arcane KidsLos AngelesCaliforniaUnited States2010Bubsy 3D: Bubsy Visits the James Turrell RetrospectiveSonic Dreams Collection
Arcen GamesDurhamNorth CarolinaUnited States2009AI War seriesA Valley Without Wind seriesBionic DuesThe Last FederationStarward Rogue
Arkane StudiosLyonFrance1999Arx FatalisDeathloopDishonored seriesPreySubsidiary of ZeniMax Media
Arkedo StudioParisFrance2006Hell Yeah! Wrath of the Dead RabbitDefunct in 2013
ArenaNetBellevueWashingtonUnited States2000Guild WarsGuild Wars 2Subsidiary of NCSoft
ArikaTokyoJapan1995Endless Ocean seriesStreet Fighter EX seriesTetris: The Grand Master seriesTetris 99Pac-Man 99
Arrowhead Game StudiosSkellefteåSweden2008Helldivers series
ArkadiumNew YorkNew YorkUnited States2001Microsoft Minesweeper
Artech Digital EntertainmentOttawaOntarioCanada1982Monopoly Star WarsMonopoly (2000)Defunct in 2011
ArtdinkTsukishimaJapan1986A-Train seriesSword Art Online seriesDragon Quest HD-2D Remake series
ArtePiazzaTokyoJapan1989
Artificial StudiosGainesvilleFloridaUnited States2001Subsumed by Ignition Entertainment which was defunct in 2012
ArtoonYokohamaJapan1999Yoshi's Island DSSubsidiary of AQ Interactive; defunct in 2010
ArzestYokohamaJapan2010Wii Play: MotionYoshi's New IslandFormed by former employees of Artoon
AscaronGüterslohGermany1989Sacred seriesDeveloper/publisher; closed in 2009
Asobo StudioBordeauxFrance2002Kinect Rush: A Disney–Pixar AdventureMonopoly PlusA Plague Tale seriesMicrosoft Flight Simulator (2020)
AspyrAustinTexasUnited States1996Game porting. Acquired by Embracer Group as a subsidiary of Saber Interactive in 2021.
Atelier 801LilleHauts-de-FranceFrance2011TransformiceDead MazeIndie developer/publisher
Atari Interactive (formerly Hasbro Interactive)PawtucketRhode IslandUnited States1995Acquired by Infogrames in 2001
AtlusTokyoJapan1986Megami Tensei franchise

Etrian Odyssey seriesTrauma Center seriesCatherine

Developer/publisher; acquired by Sega in 2013
Atomic Planet EntertainmentMiddlesbroughEnglandUnited Kingdom2000Taito Legends seriesClosed in 2009
Attic Entertainment SoftwareAlbstadtGermany1990Realms of Arkania: Blade of DestinyDeveloper/publisher; defunct in 2001
AudiogenicEssexEnglandUnited Kingdom1985Brian Lara Cricket series
Avalanche Studios GroupStockholmSweden2003Just Cause seriestheHunter seriesAcquired by Nordisk Film in 2018
Aventurine SAAthensGreece2002Darkfall
BabarogaChicagoIllinoisUnited States2001
Backflip StudiosBoulderColoradoUnited States2009DragonValeSubsidiary of Hasbro; closed in 20192
Bandai Namco EntertainmentBandai Namco StudiosMinato, TokyoJapan19552012Pac-Man franchiseTekken franchise

Soul Calibur seriesTales seriesKatamari seriesKlonoa seriesAce Combat seriesThe Idolmaster seriesTaiko no Tatsujin seriesGod Eater seriesSuper Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii UPokkén TournamentMr. Driller seriesMojipittan seriesFamily Stadium seriesGo VacationCode VeinNew Pokémon Snap

Bandai Namco Entertainment is a subsidiary of Bandai Namco Holdings; Bandai Namco Studios was split off from Bandai Namco Entertainment in 2012
Bandai Namco Forge DigitalsTokyoJapan1994Digimon World seriesSuper Robot Wars seriesFormerly known as Banpre Kikaku and Banpresoft; Subsidiary of Bandai Namco Entertainment
Bauhaus EntertainmentTokyoJapan2006Division of Imagica DigitalScape [ja]
BeamdogEdmontonAlbertaCanada2009Baldur's Gate: Siege of DragonspearAcquired by Aspyr in 2022
BeenoxQuebec CityQuebecCanada2000Spider-Man game seriesCrash Team Racing Nitro-FueledGuitar Hero Smash HitsSkylanders: SuperChargersAcquired by Activision on May 25, 2005
Behaviour InteractiveMontrealQuebecCanada1992Dead by Daylight
Behaviour SantiagoSantiago de ChileChile2002Assault Heroes seriesAcquired by Vivendi Games in 2007 and then acquired by Behaviour Interactive in 2008; closed in 2017
Bethesda Game StudiosRockvilleMarylandUnited States2001The Elder Scrolls seriesFallout seriesIn-house development team of Bethesda Softworks LLC which is a subsidiary of ZeniMax Media.
Big Blue BubbleLondonOntarioCanada2004My Singing Monsters franchiseAcquired by Enad Global 7 in 2020.3
Big Finish GamesSalt Lake CityUtahUnited States2007Tesla Effect: A Tex Murphy Adventure
Big Huge GamesBaltimoreMarylandUnited States2000Rise of NationsKingdoms of Amalur: ReckoningDomiNationsAcquired by Nexon in 2016
BioWareEdmontonAlbertaCanada1995Baldur's Gate seriesMass Effect seriesDragon Age seriesNeverwinter NightsStar Wars: The Old RepublicAnthemAcquired by Electronic Arts in 2007
The Bitmap BrothersLondonEnglandUnited Kingdom1987Xenon seriesDissolved.45 Their portfolio was acquired by Rebellion Developments in 2019.6
Best WayLuhanskUkraine1991Men of War series
Bits StudiosLondonEnglandUnited Kingdom1991Spider-Man: Return of the Sinister SixAcquired by PlayWize in 2008
Bizarre CreationsLiverpoolEnglandUnited Kingdom1994Project Gotham Racing seriesGeometry Wars seriesAcquired by Activision in 2007; defunct in 2011
Black Forest GamesOffenburgGermany2012Giana Sisters: Twisted DreamsDestroy All Humans! (2020 remake)Acquired by THQ Nordic in 2017
Black Isle StudiosOrange CountyCaliforniaUnited States1996Fallout 2Planescape: TormentIcewind DaleSubsidiary of Interplay Entertainment; closed in 2003
Black Rock StudioBrightonEnglandUnited Kingdom1998MotoGP 2ATV Offroad Fury 3Defunct in 2011
Blind Squirrel GamesIrvineCaliforniaUnited States2010BioShock: The CollectionSonic Colors: UltimateSubsidiary of Blind Squirrel Entertainment
Blitz Games StudiosLeamington SpaEnglandUnited Kingdom1990Karaoke RevolutionLiquidated7
Blizzard EntertainmentIrvineCaliforniaUnited States1991Diablo seriesStarCraft seriesWarcraft seriesHearthstoneHeroes of the StormOverwatchDeveloper/publisher; acquired by Vivendi and became part of Vivendi Games group in 1998; merged into Activision Blizzard in 2008
Bloober TeamKrakówLesser Poland VoivodeshipPoland2008Layers of Fear seriesSilent Hill remake series
Bluepoint GamesAustinTexasUnited States2006Shadow of the Colossus remakeDemon's Souls remakeAcquired by Sony Interactive Entertainment in 2021
BluesideSeoulSouth Korea2003Kingdom Under Fire seriesFounded by former employees of Phantagram
Blue Fang GamesWalthamMassachusettsUnited States1998Zoo Tycoon seriesShut down in 2011
Blue Tongue EntertainmentMelbourneVictoriaAustralia1995Jurassic Park: Operation Genesisde BlobMarvel Super Hero SquadShut down in 2011; subsidiary of THQ
Bluehole StudioSeongnamSouth Korea2007TERASubsidiary of Krafton
Bohemia InteractivePragueCzech Republic1999Operation Flashpoint: Cold War CrisisArma seriesTake On HelicoptersCarrier Command: Gaea MissionDayZ
Boss Fight EntertainmentMcKinneyTexasUnited States2013Acquired by Netflix in 2022
Boss Key ProductionsRaleighNorth CarolinaUnited States2014LawBreakersFounded by Cliff Bleszinski and Arjan Brussee
BreakAway GamesHunt ValleyMarylandUnited States1998
BroderbundEugeneOregonUnited States1980Prince of Persia seriesClosed in 1998
Budcat CreationsIowa CityIowaUnited States2000Madden NFL 2002 handheld versionAcquired by Activision Blizzard in 2008; defunct in 2010
Bugbear EntertainmentHelsinkiFinland2000FlatOut seriesWreckfestAcquired by THQ Nordic in 2018
Bullfrog ProductionsGuildfordEnglandUnited Kingdom1987Theme ParkMagic CarpetSyndicateDungeon Keeper seriesAcquired by Electronic Arts in 1995 and closed in 2001
BungieBellevueWashingtonUnited States1991Halo seriesMarathon seriesOniMythPathways into DarknessMinotaur: The Labyrinths of CreteOperation: Desert StormDestiny seriesFormerly a subsidiary of Microsoft Game Studios, acquired by Sony Interactive Entertainment in 2022
Camelot Software PlanningTokyoJapan1990Shining seriesMario Golf seriesMario Tennis seriesGolden Sun series
CapcomOsakaJapan1979Mega Man franchise

Street Fighter franchiseResident Evil franchiseDevil May Cry franchiseMonster Hunter franchiseGhost 'n Goblins seriesStrider seriesFinal Fight seriesDino Crisis seriesDarkstalkers seriesAce Attorney franchiseOnimusha seriesSengoku BASARA seriesDragon's Dogma seriesViewtiful Joe seriesŌkami seriesDead Rising seriesMarvel vs. Capcom seriesBreath of Fire seriesBionic Commando

Developer/publisher
Capcom VancouverBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada2005Dead Rising seriesFounded as Blue Castle Games; acquired by Capcom in 2010; closed on September 18, 2018
Carbine StudiosAliso ViejoCaliforniaUnited States2005WildStarSubsidiary of NCSoft
Cattle CallTokyoJapan1998Metal Max seriesArc the Lad seriesFormed by former employees of Data East
CauldronBratislavaSlovakia1996ChaserTheir assets were acquired by Bohemia Interactive8
CaveShinjuku, TokyoJapan1994DoDonPachi
CaviaTokyoJapan2000Drakengard seriesNier
CCP GamesReykjavíkIceland1997Eve OnlineTheir Newcastle studio was acquired by Sumo Digital. CCP Games itself was acquired by Pearl Abyss.
CD Projekt RedWarsawMasovian VoivodeshipPoland2002The Witcher seriesCyberpunk 2077Game development studio of CD Projekt
Certain AffinityAustinTexasUnited States2006Halo seriesCo-developed the Halo series; acquired by Keywords Studios in 2024
Chair EntertainmentSalt Lake CityUtahUnited States2005UndertowShadow ComplexInfinity Blade seriesSubsidiary of Epic Games
ChunsoftShinjuku, TokyoJapan1984Mystery Dungeon seriesDragon Quest I–VMerged with Spike to become Spike Chunsoft in 2012
CingFukuokaJapan1999Another Code seriesLittle King's Story
Clap HanzYokohamaJapan1998Everybody's Golf seriesEverybody's Tennis series
Climax EntertainmentTokyoJapan1990Runabout series
Climax StudiosPortsmouthEnglandUnited Kingdom1988Silent Hill: OriginsSilent Hill: Shattered MemoriesAssassin's Creed Chronicles seriesAcquired by Keywords Studios in 2021
Clover StudioOsakaJapan2004Viewtiful Joe seriesOkamiGod HandSubsidiary of Capcom; became defunct in 2007.
Coded IllusionsRotterdamNetherlands2005
CodemastersSouthamEnglandUnited Kingdom1985F1 seriesColin McRae Rally seriesOperation Flashpoint seriesGrid series Brian Lara Cricket seriesFormer subsidiary of Reliance Entertainment; acquired by Electronic Arts in 2021
Coffee Stain StudiosSkövdeSweden2010Goat Simulator

Satisfactory

Acquired by THQ Nordic AB (latterly Embracer Group) in 2018
Cohort StudiosCardiffWalesUnited Kingdom2006Buzz! Junior series
Coktel VisionParisFrance1985Inca seriesFormer publisher
Colossal OrderTampereFinland2009Cities in MotionCities: Skylines seriesDeveloper for Paradox Interactive
Compile HeartTokyoJapan2006Hyperdimension Neptunia franchiseMary Skelter seriesRecord of Agarest WarDeveloper/publisher; subsidiary of Idea Factory
Compulsion GamesMontrealQuebecCanada2009ContrastWe Happy FewAcquired by Microsoft Studios in 2018
Com2uSSeoulSouth Korea1998Summoners War: Sky ArenaSkylanders Ring of HeroesAcquired by Gamevil in 2013
CoreplayMunichGermany2007Jagged Alliance: Back in ActionDefunct in 2013
Com2uS Holdings (formerly Gamevil)SeoulSouth Korea2000Zenonia series
Core DesignDerbyEnglandUnited Kingdom1988Tomb Raider seriesSubsidiary of Eidos Interactive; closed down in 2006
Crafts & MeisterOsakaJapan2004Gundam Breaker series
Crawfish InteractiveCroydonEnglandUnited Kingdom1997Defunct in 2002
Creat StudiosCantonMassachusettsUnited States1990American Chopper 2: Full ThrottleTony Hawk's Motion
Creative AssemblyHorshamEnglandUnited Kingdom1987Total War seriesAlien: IsolationAcquired by Sega in 2005
CreaturesTokyoJapan1995Pokémon Ranger seriesDetective Pikachu
Criterion GamesGuildfordEnglandUnited Kingdom1993Burnout seriesSubsidiary of Electronic Arts
CroteamZagrebCroatia1993Serious Sam seriesThe Talos PrincipleAcquired by Devolver Digital in 2020
Cryo InteractiveParisFrance1992DuneEgypt seriesBankrupt in 2002
Culture Brain ExcelTokyoJapan1980Hiryū no Ken seriesSuper Chinese series
Crea-TechTokyoJapan1988Metal Max series
Cryptic StudiosLos GatosCaliforniaUnited States2000City of HeroesChampions OnlineStar Trek OnlineAcquired by Atari, SA in 2008 and then acquired by Perfect World in 2011 and managed by Perfect World Entertainment, the North American subsidiary, which was acquired by Embracer Group in 2021
Crystal DynamicsRedwood CityCaliforniaUnited States1992Legacy Of Kain seriesTomb Raider series (second era)Acquired by Square Enix in 2009 and then acquired by Embracer Group in 2022
CrytekFrankfurtGermany1999Far CryCrysis seriesRyse: Son of Rome
Crytek UKNottinghamEnglandUnited Kingdom1999TimeSplitters seriesFounded as Free Radical Design; acquired by Crytek in 2009; defunct in 2014
Cyan WorldsMeadWashingtonUnited States1987Myst seriesObductionFirmamentThe ManholeCosmic OsmoSpelunxOldest surviving independent game studio in the United States.9
CyanideNanterreFrance2000Pro Cycling Manager seriesAcquired by Bigben Interactive (latterly Nacon) in 2018
CyberConnect2FukuokaJapan1996.hack franchise

Naruto: Ultimate Ninja seriesDragon Ball Z: Kakarot

Cyberlore Studios (Blueline Simulations10)NorthamptonMassachusettsUnited States1992Majesty: The Fantasy Kingdom SimDeveloper of computer games
CyberStepTokyoJapan2000GetAmpedCosmic BreakGetAmped2OnigiriDeveloper/publisher of global online games
CygamesTokyoJapan2011The Idolmaster Cinderella Girls seriesGranblue Fantasy seriesShadowversePrincess Connect! seriesDragalia LostSubsidiary of CyberAgent
Daedalic EntertainmentHamburgGermany2007Edna & Harvey seriesBlackguards seriesThe Lord of the Rings: GollumAcquired by Bastei Lübbe in 2014 and then acquired by Nacon in 2022
Dambuster StudiosNottinghamEnglandUnited Kingdom2014Homefront: The RevolutionDead Island 2Formed by former employees of Crytek UK; acquired by Koch Media in 2014 and managed by its Deep Silver division
Danger Close GamesLos AngelesCaliforniaUnited States1995Medal of Honor seriesSubsidiary of Electronic Arts; defunct in 2013
Day 1 StudiosChicagoIllinoisUnited States2001Axis & Allies seriesMechAssault seriesMerged with WarGaming11
Daybreak Game CompanySan DiegoCaliforniaUnited States1997EverQuest seriesPlanetSide seriesH1Z1 seriesAcquired by Enad Global 7 in 2020.12
Deadline GamesCopenhagenDenmark1996Total OverdoseWatchmen: The End Is NighFaith and a .45
Deck13FrankfurtGermany2001Ankh seriesThe Surge seriesAcquired by Focus Home Interactive(currently Focus Entertainment) in 2020.13
Demiurge StudiosCambridgeMassachusettsUnited States2002acquired by Sega in 2015; became independent in 2020; acquired by Embracer Group in 2021
DeNATokyoJapan1999Final Fantasy Record KeeperPokémon MastersMario Kart Tour
devCAT Studios (Nexon development 3rd division)SeoulSouth Korea2001MabinogiVindictusDivision of Nexon Korea
Dhruva InteractiveBangaloreIndia1997Acquired by Starbreeze Studios in 2016 and then they were acquired by Rockstar Games and were merged into Rockstar India in 2019
Die Gute FabrikCopenhagenDenmark2006Where is my Heart?Sportsfriends
Digital ExtremesLondonOntarioCanada1993WarframeSubsidiary of Leyou, which was acquired by Tencent in 2020; Founded by James Schmalz, co-creator of Unreal series.
Digital EclipseEmeryvilleCaliforniaUnited States1992Spyro handheld seriesFormer division of Other Ocean Group;14 acquired by Atari SA in 202315
Digital HappinessBandungWest JavaIndonesia2013DreadOut
Digital RealityBudapestHungary1991Imperium Galactica seriesDefunct in 2013; their assets were acquired by Nordic Games16
DimpsOsakaJapan2000Street Fighter IVCrash Boom Bang!Tamagotchi Connection: Corner Shop 2-3Dragon Ball Z: Budokai seriesDragon Ball Xenoverse seriesSword Art Online: Fatal Bullet
Disney Interactive StudiosGlendaleCaliforniaUnited States1988Publisher and subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company; closed in 2016
Don Bluth EntertainmentDublinIreland1979Dragon's Lair II–IIIDefunct in 1995
Don't NodParisFrance2008Life Is Strange seriesTell Me Why
DotEmuParisFrance2007Wonder Boy: The Dragon's TrapStreets of Rage 4Acquired by Focus Home Interactive in 2021
Double Fine ProductionsSan FranciscoCaliforniaUnited States2000Psychonauts seriesBroken AgeGang BeastsFounded by former employees of LucasArts; acquired by Microsoft in 2019
Dovetail GamesChathamEnglandUnited Kingdom2008Train Simulator franchiseAcquired by Focus Entertainment in 202317
The Dovetail GroupUnited Statesc. 1984Early developer of music video games
Dr. PandaChengduChina2011Role-playing apps aimed at children ages 5 and under
DynamixEugeneOregonUnited States1984Red BaronFront Page Sports seriesBetrayal at KrondorTribes seriesMechWarriorClosed in 2001
EA Black BoxBritish ColumbiaCanada1998Skate seriesNHL Hitz seriesSubsidiary of Electronic Arts; closed in 2013
EA Digital Illusions CE (EA DICE)StockholmSweden1992Battlefield seriesMirror's EdgeAcquired by Electronic Arts in 2004
EA GothenburgGothenburgSweden2011Need for Speed PaybackSubsidiary of Electronic Arts
EA PhenomicIngelheim am RheinGermany1997SpellForce seriesBattleForgeLord of UltimaCommand and Conquer: Tiberium AlliancesAcquired by Electronic Arts in 2006; shut down in 2013
EA Salt LakeSalt Lake CityUtahUnited States1992Tiger Woods PGA Tour 2001–08Littlest Pet Shop seriesNerf N-Strike seriesMonopoly StreetsAcquired by Electronic Arts in 2006; defunct in 2017
EA TiburonMaitlandFloridaUnited States1994Madden NFL seriesNBA Live series (2013–)NFL Head Coach seriesNCAA Football seriesEA Sports NASCAR seriesAcquired by Electronic Arts in 1998
EA Vancouver (formerly Distinctive Software)BurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada1982Test DriveSSX seriesNHL seriesNBA Live series (1994–2010)EA Sports UFC seriesFIFA seriesEA Sports FC seriesAcquired by Electronic Arts in 1991
Eagle DynamicsMoscowRussia1991Su-27 FlankerFlanker 2.0Lock On: Modern Air CombatDCS World
Eat Sleep PlaySalt Lake CityUtahUnited States2007Twisted Metal seriesDefunct in 2017
Eko SoftwareParisFrance1999Acquired by Bigben Interactive (latterly Nacon) in 2018
EgosoftWürselenGermany1988X series
Eden GamesLyonFrance1998Test Drive Unlimited seriesFormer subsidiary of Atari SA; acquired by Engine Media in 2017 and then acquired by Animoca Brands in 2022
Eidos-MontréalMontrealQuebecCanada2007Deus Ex seriesSubsidiary of Embracer Group
EightingTokyoJapan1993Kururin seriesKamen Rider: Climax seriesKamen Rider: Battride War seriesMarvel vs. Capcom 3: Fate of Two WorldsAcquired by COLOPL
Electronic ArtsRedwood CityCaliforniaUnited States1982Need For Speed seriesApex LegendsDeveloper/publisher/distributor
Elemental GamesVladivostokRussia1999Space RangersDefunct in 2015
Elite SystemsLichfieldEnglandUnited Kingdom1984Dragon's Lair: The Legend
Engine SoftwareDoetinchemNetherlands1995Also middleware developer
Ensemble StudiosDallasTexasUnited States1995Age of Empires seriesAge of MythologyHalo WarsFormer subsidiary of Microsoft Studios
Epic GamesCaryNorth CarolinaUnited States1991Unreal seriesGears of War seriesShadow ComplexInfinity Blade seriesFortniteDeveloper, publisher, and distributor
EpicsTokyoJapan1987PoPoLoCrois series
Epicenter StudiosSherman OaksCaliforniaUnited States2007Real Heroes: Firefighter
ESA (formerly Softmax)SeoulSouth Korea1994TalesWeaverESA left from game business. The former employees formed Studio 4Leaf and the studio was acquired by NextFloor [ko].18
Eric BaroneSeattleUnited States2012Stardew ValleyDeveloper/publisher
EpyxSan FranciscoCaliforniaUnited States1978California Games seriesImpossible Mission seriesJumpman seriesPitstop seriesSummer Games seriesDeveloper/publisher, defunct 1993
Étranges LibellulesLyonFrance1994Asterix & Obelix XXLThe Legend of Spyro: Dawn of the Dragon
Eugen SystemsParisFrance2000Act of War seriesWargame seriesSteel Division series
EurocomDerbyEnglandUnited Kingdom1988GoldenEye 007Crash BashSpyro: A Hero's TailDefunct in 2012
Evolution StudiosRuncornEnglandUnited Kingdom1999World Rally Championship seriesMotorStorm seriesDivision of SIE Worldwide Studios and subsidiary of Sony Computer Entertainment; defunct in 2016
ExamuTokyoJapan2007Arcana Heart seriesTheir business operations were suspended in 2020 and their business was taken over by Team Arcana.19
Eyedentity GamesSeoulSouth Korea2007Dragon NestAcquired by Shanda Games (currently Shengqu Games) in 2010
Facepunch StudiosWalsallEnglandUnited Kingdom2009Garry's Mod Rust
FarSight StudiosBig Bear LakeCaliforniaUnited States1989The Pinball Arcade
FASA StudioRedmondWashingtonUnited States1994MechCommander seriesMechWarrior 4defunct in 2007
FatsharkStockholmSweden2008War of the RosesBionic Commando Rearmed 2Warhammer: Vermintide seriesSubsidiary of Tencent
feelplusTokyoJapan1992No More Heroes: Heroes' ParadiseMerged into AQ Interactive
FelistellaGifuJapan2010Summon Night 5
Firaxis GamesSparksMarylandUnited States1996Civilization series (part 3 and later)XCOM (Reboot) seriesSubsidiary of 2K; founded by former employees of MicroProse.
Firefly StudiosLondonEnglandUnited Kingdom1999Stronghold seriesAcquired by Devolver Digital in 2021
FirespriteLiverpoolEnglandUnited Kingdom2012Formed by former employees of Studio Liverpool; acquired by Sony Interactive Entertainment in 2021
First Star SoftwareChappaquaNew YorkUnited States1982Defunct in 2018. Their name and assets were acquired by BBG Entertainment
Flagship StudiosSan FranciscoCaliforniaUnited States2003Hellgate:LondonMythosClosed down in 2008
Flight-PlanGifuJapan1989Black/Matrix seriesSummon Night seriesDefunct in 2010
Flying Wild HogWarsawPoland2009Hard ResetShadow Warrior seriesAcquired by Embracer Group in 2020.20
Focus EntertainmentParisFrance1996Cities XL series (2011 and later)
Foundation 9 EntertainmentEmeryvilleCaliforniaUnited States1992Dissolved in 2016
Fox Digital EntertainmentLos AngelesCaliforniaUnited States2002Subsidiary of 20th Century Studios. The company still exists, but 20th Century Fox's video game business was rearranged to FoxNext.
FoxNextLos AngelesCaliforniaUnited States2017Marvel Strike ForceDivision of 20th Century Studios. The company still exists but their game development studios were acquired by Scopely in 2020.21
Frictional GamesHelsingborgSweden2001Penumbra seriesAmnesia: The Dark DescentSOMA
FrogwaresKyivUkraine2000Adventures of Sherlock Holmes seriesThe Sinking City series
Frog City SoftwareSan FranciscoCaliforniaUnited States1994Imperialism seriesTropico 2: Pirate CoveAcquired by Take-Two Interactive in 2003 and closed in 2006
FromSoftwareTokyoJapan1986Armored Core seriesDark Souls seriesBloodborneSekiroElden RingSubsidiary of Kadokawa Corporation
Frontier DevelopmentsCambridgeEnglandUnited Kingdom1994Elite seriesThrillvilleLostWindsKinectimalsRollerCoaster Tycoon 3Planet Coaster
FrozenbyteHelsinkiFinland2001Shadowgrounds seriesTrine series
FTL GamesSan DiegoCaliforniaUnited States1982Dungeon Master seriesClosed in 1982
Fun LabsBucharestRomania1999MIB: Alien CrisisCabela's seriesAcquired by Maximum Entertainment in 202322
FuncomOsloNorway1993The Longest Journey seriesAnarchy OnlineAge of ConanThe Secret WorldConan ExilesDeveloper/publisher; acquired by Tencent in 202023
FuRyuTokyoJapan2007Unchained Blades seriesBeyblade Burst seriesCardfight!! Vanguard series
FuturemarkEspooFinland1997Shattered HorizonTheir game development division was acquired by Rovio Entertainment. Futuremark itself was acquired by UL and was merged into them.
Gaijin EntertainmentBudapestHungary2002War ThunderIL-2 Sturmovik: Birds of Prey
Game ArtsChiyoda, TokyoJapan1985Thexder seriesLunar seriesGrandia seriesAcquired by GungHo Online Entertainment in 2005.
Game FreakSetagaya-ku, TokyoJapan1989Pokémon seriesPocket Card Jockey series
Canada2000Hangry
Game StudioShinagawa, TokyoJapan1985The Return of Ishtar
GameHouseSeattleWashingtonUnited States1998Delicious seriesCasual game developer, publisher and portal; acquired by RealNetworks
GameloftParisFrance1999Modern Combat: DominationOrder & Chaos OnlineAssassin's Creed (for mobile)AsphaltSubsidiary of Vivendi; developer/publisher of mobile games
GanbarionFukuokaJapan1999One Piece seriesJump Super Stars seriesWii Fit UDragon Ball Fusions
Gearbox SoftwarePlanoTexasUnited States1999Brothers In Arms seriesBorderlands seriesHalf-Life: Opposing ForceRisk of Rain seriesAcquired by Embracer Group in 2021 and acquired by 2K in 2024
Genius SonorityTokyoJapan2002Pokémon Colosseum seriesPokémon Trozei! seriesThe Denpa Men series
GenkiShinjuku, TokyoJapan1990Shutokou Battle seriesSubsidiary of Daikoku Denki [ja]
Glu MobileSan FranciscoCaliforniaUnited States2001Deer Hunter seriesDeveloper and publisher of mobile games; acquired by Electronic Arts in 2021
Gogii GamesMonctonNew BrunswickCanada2006Developer/publisher
Good-FeelKobeJapan2005Kirby's Epic YarnYoshi's Woolly WorldYoshi's Crafted WorldFounded by former employees of Konami
Goodgame StudiosHamburgHamburgGermany2009Developer/publisher
GranzellaNonoichiJapan2011Disaster Report 4 PlusFounded by former Irem employees
Grasshopper ManufactureChiyoda, TokyoJapan1998The Silver CaseFlower, Sun, and Rainkiller7No More Heroes seriesShadows of the DamnedLollipop ChainsawKiller Is DeadLet It DieFounded by Suda51; acquired by GungHo Online Entertainment in 2013; later acquired by NetEase Games
GravitySeoulSouth Korea2000Ragnarok OnlineAcquired by GungHo Online Entertainment
Gray Matter StudiosLos AngelesCaliforniaUnited States1993Call of Duty: United OffensiveAcquired by Activision in 2002; merged into Treyarch in 2005
Gremlin InteractiveSheffieldEnglandUnited Kingdom1984Monopoly (1997)Zool seriesPremier Manager seriesTaken over by Infogrames in 1999 studio closed in 2003
GrezzoShibuya, TokyoJapan2006The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time 3DThe Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask 3DThe Legend of Zelda: Tri Force HeroesEver OasisThe Legend of Zelda: Link's Awakening (2019 Remake)Second-party developer of Nintendo
GrinStockholmSweden1997Bionic Commando RearmedBionic Commando (2009)Defunct in 2009
Grinding Gear GamesAucklandNew Zealand2006Path of ExileAcquired by Tencent
Griptonite GamesKirklandWashingtonUnited States1994Marvel Super Hero Squad: Comic CombatAcquired by Glu Mobile
GSC Game WorldKyivUkraine1995Cossacks series, S.T.A.L.K.E.R seriesDefunct in 2011, reopened in 2014
Guerrilla CambridgeCambridgeEnglandUnited Kingdom1997 (as SCE Cambridge Studio), 2013MediEvil seriesBranch of Guerrilla Games and division of SIE Worldwide Studios; closed in 2017
Guerrilla GamesAmsterdamNetherlands2000Killzone seriesHorizon seriesDivision of SIE Worldwide Studios since 2004
Gunfire GamesAustinTexasUnited States2014Darksiders seriesRemnant: From the AshesFormed by former employees of Vigil Games; acquired by THQ Nordic in 2019
GungHo Online EntertainmentChiyoda, TokyoJapan1998Puzzle & Dragons seriesDeveloper/publisher
GustNaganoJapan1993Atelier seriesBlue Reflection seriesFairy TailBecame a division of Koei Tecmo Games in 2014
Haemimont GamesSofiaBulgaria1997Tropico 3–5Jagged Alliance 3Acquired by Paradox Interactive in 2025
HAL LaboratoryChiyoda, TokyoJapan1980Kirby series Earthbound/Mother seriesPokémon SnapDeveloper closely associated with Nintendo
HalfbrickBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia2001Fruit Ninja seriesJetpack JoyrideMobile game developer/publisher
HanahoCerritosCaliforniaUnited States1992
h.a.n.d.SapporoJapan1993Aikatsu! seriesKingdom Hearts 358/2 DaysDisney Magical World seriesTamagotchi: Party On!
Hangar 13NovatoCaliforniaUnited States2014Mafia series (2014-)TopSpin 2K25Subsidiary of 2K
Harebrained SchemesSeattleWashingtonUnited States2011Shadowrun ReturnsShadowrun: DragonfallShadowrun: Hong KongAcquired by Paradox Interactive in 2018; became independent in 202424
Harmonix Music SystemsCambridgeMassachusettsUnited States1995Guitar Hero I–IIRock Band seriesDance Central seriesFormer subsidiary of Viacom; acquired by Epic Games in 2021
Hazelight StudiosStockholmSweden2014It Takes Two
Headstrong GamesLondonEnglandUnited Kingdom2000Battalion Wars seriesArt Academy seriesSubsidiary of Kuju Entertainment; defunct in 2017
HeartbeatTokyoJapan1992Dragon Quest VI–VII
Heavy Iron StudiosManhattan BeachCaliforniaUnited States1999SpongeBob's Truth or SquareUFC Personal TrainerFamily Guy: Back to the MultiverseAcquired by Keywords Studios in 2020.
HB StudiosLunenburgNova ScotiaCanada2000PGA Tour 2K seriesAcquired by 2K in 2021
Hello GamesGuildfordSurreyUnited Kingdom2008Joe Danger

No Man's SkyThe Last Campfire

HexaDriveOsakaJapan2007Rez HDŌkami HDSuper Bomberman R
High Impact GamesBurbankCaliforniaUnited States2003Ratchet & Clank: Size MattersSecret Agent ClankJak and Daxter: The Lost FrontierFounded by former employees of Insomniac Games & Naughty Dog
High Moon StudiosSan DiegoCaliforniaUnited States2005Transformers: War for Cybertron seriesDeadpoolSubsidiary of Activision
High Voltage SoftwareHoffman EstatesIllinoisUnited States1993The Conduit seriesAcquired by Keywords Studios in 2020.
Hothead GamesVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada2006DeathSpankSwarmFounded by former employees of Radical Entertainment
HousemarqueHelsinkiFinland1995Super StardustReturnalAcquired by Sony Interactive Entertainment as a subsidiary of PlayStation Studios in 2021
Hudson SoftTokyoJapan1973Bomberman seriesAdventure Island seriesFar East of Eden seriesMomotaro Dentetsu seriesMario Party seriesDeveloper/publisher; acquired and dissolved by Konami
Human EntertainmentTokyoJapan1983Fire Pro Wrestling seriesFormation Soccer seriesTwilight Syndrome series
Human Head StudiosMadisonWisconsinUnited States1997RunePrey
Humongous EntertainmentBothellWashingtonUnited States1992Fatty Bear's Birthday SurprisePutt-Putt seriesFreddi Fish seriesPajama Sam seriesSpy Fox seriesBackyard Sports seriesFormer subsidiary of Infogrames; closed in 2006; their assets and brand were acquired by Tommo and relaunched in 2013
Hyperion EntertainmentBrusselsBelgium1999
Ice-Pick LodgeMoscowRussia2002Pathologic series
id SoftwareMesquiteTexasUnited States1991Wolfenstein seriesDoom seriesQuake seriesAcquired by ZeniMax Media on June 24, 2009
Idea FactoryShibuya, TokyoJapan1994Amnesia seriesDeveloper/publisher
ILCATokyoJapan2010Pokémon Brilliant Diamond and Shining Pearl
Idol MindsWestminsterColoradoUnited States1997Cool Boarders 3–4PainNeopets: Darkest FaerieRally Cross
ImageepochTokyoJapan2005Luminous Arc seriesFate/Extra seriesDefunct in 2016
Image & FormGothenburgSweden1997SteamWorld seriesSubsidiary of Thunderful; merged into Thunderful Development in 2020.
ImagineerTokyoJapan1986Shape Boxing seriesFitness Boxing series
Infinity WardWoodland HillsCaliforniaUnited States2002Call of Duty seriesAcquired by Activision in 2003.
InfocomCambridge]MassachusettsUnited States1979Zork seriesPlanetfall seriesThe Hitchhiker's Guide to the GalaxyLeather Goddesses of PhobosAcquired by Activision in 1986; closed in 1989.
Incognito EntertainmentSalt Lake CityUtahUnited States1999Twisted Metal seriesWarhawk (2007)Formed by former employees of SingleTrac; subsidiary of SCE Worldwide Studios; defunct in 2009
Incredible TechnologiesArlington HeightsIllinoisUnited States1985Golden Tee GolfDefunct in 2016; arcade game designer, arcade game manufacturer
indieszeroMusashinoJapan1997Cooking Guide: Can't Decide What to Eat?Theatrhythm seriesKingdom Hearts: Melody of Memory
Innerloop StudiosOsloNorway1996Project I.G.I. seriesDefunct in 2003
Insomniac GamesBurbankCaliforniaUnited States1994Spyro the Dragon seriesRatchet & Clank seriesResistance seriesSunset OverdriveSpider-Man (2018)Acquired by Sony Interactive Entertainment in 2019 as a division of SIE Worldwide Studios.
Intelligent SystemsTokyoJapan1986Fire Emblem franchiseAdvance Wars seriesPaper Mario seriesPuzzle League seriesDeveloper closely associated with Nintendo
Interplay EntertainmentBeverly HillsCaliforniaUnited States1983Earthworm Jim seriesClayFighter seriesWastelandFallout seriesThe Bard's Tale seriesDeveloper/publisher
Inti CreatesIchikawa, ChibaJapan1996Mega Man Zero seriesMega Man ZX series

Gunvolt franchise:

Gal Gun seriesBloodstained: Curse of the Moon seriesBlaster Master Zero trilogyDragon Marked for DeathGal Guardians: Demon PurgeMighty Gunvolt seriesMega Man 9Mega Man 10

Introversion SoftwareLondonEnglandUnited Kingdom2002DarwiniaDEFCON
inXile EntertainmentNewport BeachCaliforniaUnited States2002Wasteland 2The Bard's Tale IV: Barrows DeepFounded by one of Interplay Entertainment founders; acquired by Microsoft Studios in 2018
IO InteractiveCopenhagenDenmark1998Hitman seriesSubsidiary of Square Enix until 2017 when they dropped IO, they then became independent
Ion StormDallasTexasUnited States1996DaikatanaAnachronoxShut down in 2001; subsidiary of Eidos Interactive
Ion Storm AustinAustinTexasUnited States1997Deus ExThief: Deadly ShadowsShut down in 2005; subsidiary of Eidos Interactive
IremHakusanJapan1974R-Type seriesDisaster Report 1–3Subsidiary of Eizo
Iron Galaxy StudiosChicagoIllinoisUnited States2008DivekickBorderlands 2 (PSVita)
Iron Lore EntertainmentMaynardMassachusettsUnited States2000Titan Quest seriesWarhammer 40,000: Dawn of War – SoulstormDefunct in 2008
Irrational GamesQuincyMassachusettsUnited States1996System Shock 2Freedom Force seriesBioShock seriesSubsidiary of 2K; defunct in 2017. Their main employees moved to Ghost Story Games.
Ivory TowerLyonFrance2007The Crew seriesSubsidiary of Ubisoft;25 founded by former employees of Eden Games
Jackbox GamesChicagoIllinoisUnited States1989The Jackbox Party Pack series
Jadestone GroupStockholmSweden2000Acquired by WMS Industries in 2012 and merged into Williams Interactive; Online game developer, mobile game developer
JagexCambridgeEnglandUnited Kingdom2001RuneScapeSubsidiary of CVC Capital Partners; online game developer
JalecoTokyoJapan1974Idol Janshi Suchie-Pai seriesAcquired by Game Yarou in 2009 and defunct in 2014
Jam CityLos AngelesCaliforniaUnited States2007Harry Potter: Hogwarts MysteryFormer subsidiary of Netmarble;26 mobile game developer
JavagroundIrvineMassachusettsUnited States2001God of War: BetrayalMobile game developer
JupiterKyotoJapan1996Picross seriesPokémon Pinball series
JV GamesLas VegasNevadaUnited States1999
KairosoftTokyoJapan1996Game Dev Story
Kalypso MediaWormsGermany2006Tropico seriesDeveloper/publisher
Kaos StudiosNew York CityNew YorkUnited States2006Frontlines: Fuel of WarHomefrontSubsidiary of THQ
Keen Software HousePragueCzech Republic2010Space Engineers
KesmaiCharlottesvilleVirginiaUnited States1981Island of KesmaiSubsidiary of Electronic Arts; closed in 2001
Kiloo GamesAarhusDenmark2000Subway SurfersFrisbee ForeverMobile game developer; closed in 202327
KingStockholmSweden2003Candy Crush seriesSubsidiary of Activision Blizzard; Mobile game developer
Klei EntertainmentVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada2005Shank seriesDon't StarveAcquired by Tencent in 2021.28
Koei Tecmo Games (formerly Koei)AshikagaJapan1978Warriors franchise

Trilogy of Histories franchise

Ninja Gaiden seriesDead or Alive franchiseNioh seriesHaruka seriesFire Emblem: Three Houses

Developer/publisher; subsidiary of Koei Tecmo Holdings
KOG StudiosSeoulSouth Korea2000Elsword
Kojima ProductionsTokyoJapan2005Death Stranding seriesOriginally a Konami subsidiary until 2015, when it was closed and subsequently re-established as an independent studio.
KonamiTokyo MidtownMinatoJapan1969Gradius seriesContra seriesMetal Gear seriesCastlevania seriesPro Evolution Soccer seriesSilent Hill seriesTwinBee seriesBemani seriesPower Pros seriesProfessional Baseball Spirits seriesGanbare Goemon seriesTokimeki Memorial seriesLovePlus seriesSuikoden seriesBombergirl seriesShine PostDeveloper/publisher
KongzhongBeijingChina2002
Krome StudiosBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia1999The Legend of Spyro series
Krome Studios MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia1988Horace seriesDefunct
Kuju EntertainmentShalfordEnglandUnited Kingdom1998Microsoft Train SimulatorSubsidiary of Catalis SE
Kunos SimulazioniRomeItaly2005Assetto Corsa seriesSubsidiary of Digital Bros
Kush GamesCamarilloCaliforniaUnited States1998
Kuma Reality GamesNew York CityNew YorkUnited States2003
KylotonnParisFrance2002WRC 5–V-Rally 4Acquired by Bigben Interactive (latterly Nacon) in 201829
Larian StudiosOudenaardeBelgium1996Divinity seriesBaldur's Gate III
Left Field ProductionsVenturaCaliforniaUnited States1994Excitebike 64closed in 2011
Legacy InteractiveLos AngelesCaliforniaUnited States1998Emergency Room series
Legend EntertainmentChantillyVirginiaUnited States1989Spellcasting seriesSuperhero League of HobokenThe Wheel of TimeUnreal IIClosed in 2004.
Legendo EntertainmentGothenburgSweden2004Developer/publisher
Level-5FukuokaJapan1998Dark Cloud seriesRogue GalaxyProfessor Layton seriesInazuma Eleven seriesNi no Kuni seriesYo-Kai Watch franchiseFantasy Life seriesThe Snack WorldDragon Quest VIII–IXDeveloper/publisher and founded by Akihiro Hino
Lift LondonLondonEnglandUnited Kingdom2012videogame developer for Microsoft HololensSubsidiary by Microsoft Studios in 2018
Limbic EntertainmentLangenGermany2002Might & Magic X: LegacyMight & Magic Heroes VIITropico 6The majority stake was acquired by Bandai Namco
Lionhead StudiosGuildfordEnglandUnited Kingdom1997Black & White seriesFable seriesClosed by Microsoft Studios in 2016
Liquid EntertainmentPasadenaCaliforniaUnited States1999Battle RealmsDissolved in 201830
Little Green Men GamesZagrebCroatia2006Starpoint Gemini
LK AvalonŚwilcza, RzeszówPoland1989Hans KlossSchizm: Mysterious Journey
LlamasoftReadingEnglandUnited Kingdom1982
Linden LabSan FranciscoCaliforniaUnited States1999Second Life
Locomotive GamesSanta ClaraCaliforniaUnited States1997Jet Moto 3Defunct in 2008
Looking Glass StudiosCambridgeMassachusettsUnited States1990Ultima Underworld seriesSystem Shock seriesThief series
Love-de-LicTokyoJapan1995Moon: Remix RPG AdventureFormed by former employees of Square
LucasArtsSan FranciscoCaliforniaUnited States1982Maniac MansionSam & Max Hit the RoadDay of the TentacleMonkey Island seriesThe DigFull ThrottleGrim FandangoStar Wars: The Force Unleashed seriesStar Wars: Battlefront seriesPublisher and former developer; closed as developer of April 3, 2013 by Disney
Luma ArcadeJohannesburgSouth Africa2006Division of Luma Animation
LuxofluxSanta MonicaCaliforniaUnited States1998True Crime seriesAcquired by Activision in 2002; defunct in 2010
MachineGamesUppsalaSweden2009Wolfenstein seriesFounded by former employees of Starbreeze Studios; acquired by ZeniMax Media in 2010.
Magenta SoftwareLiverpoolEnglandUnited Kingdom1994Buzz! Junior series
MAGES.Shibuya, TokyoJapan2005Science Adventure franchiseAcquired by COLOPL in 2020.31 Former subsidiary of Dwango.
Majesco EntertainmentEdisonNew JerseyUnited States1986Defunct December 8, 2016
MarvelousShibuya, TokyoJapan1997Senran Kagura seriesSoul Sacrifice series

Story of Seasons seriesRune Factory seriesFate/Extella seriesKandagawa Jet GirlsDaemon X MachinaSuper Monkey Ball: Banana Splitz

Developer/publisher
Massive EntertainmentMalmöSweden1997Ground ControlWorld In ConflictTom Clancy's The Division seriesFounded in 1997; acquired by Vivendi Universal Games in 2002 and then acquired by Ubisoft in 2008
Masthead StudiosSofiaBulgaria2005Earthrise
Matrix SoftwareTokyoJapan1994Omega Labyrinth seriesBrigandine: The Legend of Runersia
MaxisEmeryvilleCaliforniaUnited States1987The Sims seriesSimCity seriesBecame a subsidiary of Electronic Arts in 1997
Mean Hamster SoftwareDeer ParkWashingtonUnited States1985
Media MoleculeGuildfordEnglandUnited Kingdom2006LittleBigPlanet seriesTereawayFounded by former employees of Lionhead Studios; division of SIE Worldwide Studios since 2010
Media.VisionTokyoJapan1993Wild Arms seriesChaos Rings seriesDigimon Story: Cyber SleuthSummon Night 6
MediatonicLondonEnglandUnited Kingdom2005Robot Unicorn AttackFable FortuneSubsidiary of Tonic Games Group, which was acquired by Epic Games in 2021
MegaZebraMunichGermany2009
Mercury SteamMadridSpain2002Castlevania: Lords of Shadow series

Metroid: Samus Returns

Metroid Dread

Metropolis SoftwareWarsawPoland1992TeenagentGorky 17InfernalStudio was bought by CD Projekt in 2008 and closed in 2009.
MicroProse SoftwareHunt ValleyMarylandUnited States1982Silent ServiceGunshipPirates!Railroad TycoonCivilization series
Microsoft Casual GamesRedmondWashingtonUnited States2013SolitaireMahjongMinesweeperWordamentDivision of Microsoft
Midway GamesChicagoIllinoisUnited States1988Mortal Kombat seriesNFL Blitz seriesAs of 2012, Midway is a corporation existing under Delaware law subject to a Chapter 11 bankruptcy liquidation plan
Midway Studios – NewcastleGatesheadEnglandUnited Kingdom1996Test Drive 4–6Defunct in 2009
Might and DelightStockholmSweden2010Shelter seriesFormed by former employees of Grin
miHoYoShanghaiChina2012Honkai seriesTears of ThemisGenshin ImpactZenless Zone ZeroDeveloper and publisher; founded by Cai Haoyu, Liu Wei, and Luo Yuhao, three former students from Shanghai Jiao Tong University
MilestoneSuginami, TokyoJapan2003Chaos Field series
Milestone srlMilanItaly1996Superbike seriesMotoGP seriesWRC 1–4MXGP seriesRide seriesAcquired by Koch Media in 2019
Millennium KitchenTokyoJapan1997Boku no Natsuyasumi series
Mimimi GamesMunichGermany2011Desperados IIIthe studio was closed in 202332
Minakuchi EngineeringKōkaJapan1984Solar StrikerMega Man seriesExact fate unknown. Defunct in 2002 (estimated)
MistwalkerTokyoJapan2004Blue Dragon
Mitchell CorporationTokyoJapan1960PolariumPuzz Loop series
MLB Advanced MediaNew York CityNew YorkUnited States2000R.B.I. Baseball 18
Mode 7 GamesBrightonEast SussexUnited Kingdom2005Frozen Synapse seriesTokyo 42The company still exists, but they exited the game development business in 2019.
Mojang ABStockholmSweden2009MinecraftScrollsCobaltFormer Indie developer and publisher; acquired by Microsoft on September 15, 2014
Monolith ProductionsKirklandWashingtonUnited States1994F.E.A.R. seriesMiddle-earth: Shadow of Mordor

Middle-earth: Shadow of War

Acquired by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment in 2004; closed in 2025
Monolith SoftTokyoJapan1999Xenosaga seriesBaten Kaitos seriesXenoblade Chronicles seriesProject X Zone seriesFounded by Tetsuya Takahashi and former subsidiary of Namco; acquired by Nintendo as a first-party developer and subsidiary in 2007
Monster GamesNorthfieldMinnesotaUnited States1996NASCAR Heat seriesExcite TruckPilotwings ResortAcquired by iRacing.com Motorsport Simulations in 2022
Monte CristoParisFrance1995City Life seriesCities XLDefunct in 2010
MoontonShanghaiChina2015Mobile Legends: Bang BangAcquired by Bytedance in 2021
Moon StudiosViennaAustria2010Ori series
Motion TwinBordeauxFrance2001Dead Cells
MTOYokohamaJapan1996GT Advance series
Mythic EntertainmentFairfaxVirginiaUnited States1995Dark Age of CamelotAcquired by Electronic Arts in 2006 and closed in 2014
NadeoParisFrance2000TrackManiaAcquired by Ubisoft in 2009
Namco Tales StudioTokyoJapan1986Tales seriesOriginally it was division or subsidiary of Telenet Japan but it became a jointly-owned company of Namco and Telenet Japan
NanaOn-ShaTokyoJapan1993PaRappa the Rapper seriesTamagotchi Connection: Corner Shop
NanobitZagrebCroatia2008Acquired by Stillfront Group in 2020
NAPS teamMessinaItaly1993Gekido seriesNAPS team is the oldest Italian development studio
Natsume AtariShinjuku, TokyoJapan1987Metabots seriesTony Hawk's Pro Skater (GBC version)Pocky and Rocky series
Natsume Inc.Burlingame, CaliforniaUnited States1988Harvest Moon series Reel Fishing River King
NaturalMotionLondonEnglandUnited Kingdom2001Backbreaker seriesAcquired by Zynga
Naughty DogSanta MonicaCaliforniaUnited States1986Crash Bandicoot 1–3Crash Team RacingJak and Daxter seriesUncharted seriesThe Last of Us seriesDivision of SIE Worldwide Studios since 2001
NCSoftSeoulSouth Korea1997AionLineage seriesBlade & SoulOnline game developer/publisher
NDOORS CorporationSeoulSouth Korea1999Atlantica OnlineDeveloper/publisher; subsidiary of Nexon; merged into Nexon Red in 201733
Neko EntertainmentMontreuil-sous-BoisFrance1998CocotoThe Mysterious Cities of Gold: Secret PathsKung Fu RabbitPuddleDeveloper/publisher; defunct in 2017
Nerve SoftwareRichardsonTexasUnited States1999
NetDevilLouisvilleColoradoUnited States1997LEGO Universe
NetDragon WebsoftFuzhouChina1999Disney Fantasy Online
NetEaseGuangzhouChina1997Fantasy Westward JourneyCyber HunterIdentity VRules of SurvivalMarvel DuelMarvel Super WarRevelation OnlineDeveloper, publisher, and online services company
NetherRealm StudiosChicagoIllinoisUnited States2010Mortal Kombat seriesInjustice: Gods Among Us

Injustice 2

Successor to Midway Games; Subsidiary of Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment
NeverlandTokyoJapan1993Rune Factory series
NeversoftWoodland HillsCaliforniaUnited States1994Guitar Hero III–MetallicaTony Hawk series

Gun

Acquired by Activision in 1999; merged into Infinity Ward in 2014
New World ComputingAgoura HillsCaliforniaUnited States1984Might and Magic franchise
New World InteractiveDenverColoradoUnited States2010InsurgencyAcquired by Saber Interactive in 202034
NexonTokyoSeoulJapanSouth Korea20021994MapleStoryMabinogiVindictusAtlantica OnlineOnline video game developer, publisher and distributor; moved its headquarters from Korea to Japan.
Next Level GamesVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada2002Super Mario StrikersLuigi's Mansion: Dark MoonLuigi's Mansion 3Spider-Man: Friend or FoeAcquired by Nintendo in 2021.35
NianticSan FranciscoCaliforniaUnited States2010IngressPokémon Go
NibrisKrakówPoland2000
NicalisSanta AnaCaliforniaUnited States2007VVVVVVCave StoryNightSky1001 SpikesThe Binding of Isaac: RebirthCrystal CrisisIndie developer/publisher
Night School StudioGlendaleCaliforniaUnited States2014OxenfreeAfterpartyAcquired by Netflix in 2021
Nihon FalcomTokyoJapan1981Ys seriesXanadu seriesThe Legend of Heroes franchiseDragon Slayer seriesTrailsDeveloper/publisher
Nikita OnlineSt. PetersburgRussia1991
Nimble Giant EntertainmentBuenos AiresArgentina2002Regnum OnlineMaster of Orion: Conquer the StarsAcquired by Embracer Group in 2020.36
NinjabeeOremUtahUnited States2005Division of Wahoo Studios
Ninja TheoryCambridgeEnglandUnited Kingdom2000Heavenly SwordEnslaved: Odyssey to the WestDmC: Devil May CryHellblade seriesFormer Indie developer and publisher; acquired by Microsoft Studios in 2018
NintendoKyotoJapan1889Donkey Kong franchise

Super Mario franchiseThe Legend of Zelda franchisePokémon franchiseFire Emblem franchiseSplatoon seriesMetroid franchiseKid Icarus seriesPikmin seriesXenoblade Chronicles seriesAnimal Crossing seriesF-Zero seriesStar Fox seriesKirby franchiseMother seriesSuper Smash Bros. seriesTomodachi seriesBrain Age seriesBig Brain Academy seriesNintendogs seriesWave Race seriesFamicom Detective Club seriesExcitebikePilotwingsTetris Attack series1-2-Switch series

First-party developer/publisher/console manufacturer
Nintendo CubeTokyoJapan2000Wii Party seriesMario Party seriesClubhouse Games: 51 Worldwide ClassicsSubsidiary of Nintendo
Nintendo Software TechnologyRedmondWashingtonUnited States1998Bionic Commando: Elite ForcesWave Race: Blue StormMario vs. Donkey Kong seriesSubsidiary of Nintendo
Nippon Ichi SoftwareKakamigaharaJapan1991Rhapsody: A Musical AdventureLa Pucelle: TacticsDisgaea seriesPhantom BraveGrimGrimoireHotaru no NikkiDeveloper/publisher
NivalSt. PetersburgRussia1996Etherlords seriesBlitzkrieg seriesHeroes of Might and Magic V
NordeusBelgradeSerbia2009Top Eleven Football ManagerDeveloper/publisher; acquired by Take-Two Interactive in 2021
NovaLogicAgoura HillsCaliforniaUnited States1985Delta Force seriesJoint Operations seriesTheir assets were acquired by THQ Nordic
NovaramaBarcelonaSpain2003Invizimals series
Now ProductionOsakaJapan1986Mario Super SluggersSonic Riders
Nude MakerTokyoJapan2002Steel Battalion seriesInfinite SpaceNightCryFormed by former employees of Human Entertainment
NuFXHoffman EstatesIllinoisUnited States1990Merged into EA Chicago in 2004
n-SpaceOrlandoFloridaUnited States1994Heroes of RuinPort for various video games, include Call of Duty series
Obsidian EntertainmentIrvineCaliforniaUnited States2004Fallout New VegasNeverwinter Nights 2Dungeon Siege IIISouth Park: The Stick of TruthPillars of EternityThe Outer WorldsAcquired by Microsoft Studios in 2018
Oddworld InhabitantsSan Luis ObispoCaliforniaUnited States1994Oddworld series
Omega ForceAshikagaJapan1997Warriors franchise

Toukiden seriesDragon Quest Heroes seriesDragon Quest Builders 2Persona 5 Strikers

Division of Koei Tecmo Games
Origin SystemsAustinTexasUnited States1983Ultima seriesUltima OnlineWing Commander seriesAcquired by Electronic Arts in 1992 and closed in 2004
OtherSide EntertainmentBostonMassachusettsUnited States2013Underworld AscendantSystem Shock 3Founded by one of Looking Glass Studios founders.
Outfit7LjubljanaSlovenia2010Talking Tom and Friends franchiseAcquired by Zhejiang Jinke Entertainment Culture Co., Ltd. in 2017
Outrage EntertainmentAnn ArborMichiganUnited States1996Descent 3Closed in 2004
Out of the Park DevelopmentsHollern-TwielenflethGermany1999Out of the Park Baseball seriesAcquired by Com2uS in 2020
Overkill SoftwareStockholmSweden2009Payday seriesFounded by Grin founders; acquired by Starbreeze Studios in 2012
Oxygen StudiosCroydonEnglandUnited Kingdom2006King of Clubs
Page 44 StudiosSan FranciscoCaliforniaUnited States1998FreekstyleHigh School Musical 3: Senior Year DanceMadden NFL 11 iOSuDraw PictionaryWorld of Goo iOSSubsidiary of Zynga; closed in 2011.
Pangea SoftwareAustinTexasUnited States1987
Paradigm EntertainmentFarmers BranchTexasUnited States1997F-1 World Grand Prix seriesPilotwings 64Acquired by Infogrames Entertainment SA in 2000; acquired by THQ in 2006; closed in 2008
People Can FlyWarsawPoland2002BulletstormPainkiller
Project SoraTokyoJapan2009Kid Icarus: UprisingSubsidiary of Nintendo; became defunct in 2012
Purple Lamp StudiosViennaAustria2018SpongeBob SquarePants: Battle for Bikini Bottom – RehydratedAcquired by Embracer Group in 2020.37
Papaya StudioIrvineCaliforniaUnited States1999
Project SoulTokyoJapan1996Soul seriesDivision of Bandai Namco Studios
Panther Games Pty LtdCanberraAustralia1985Fire-BrigadeCommand Ops: Battles from the Bulge
Paradox Development StudioStockholmSweden1995Europa Universalis seriesHearts of Iron seriesCrusader Kings seriesIn-house development studio and subsidiary of Paradox Interactive
Parallax SoftwareAnn ArborMichiganUnited States1993Descent seriesSplit into Volition and Outrage Entertainment
Pandemic StudiosLos AngelesCaliforniaUnited States1998Star Wars: BattlefrontDestroy All Humans! seriesFull Spectrum WarriorMercenaries: Playground of DestructionThe SaboteurAcquired by Electronic Arts in 2007 and closed in 2009.
Pendulo StudiosMadridSpain1993Hollywood Monsters seriesRunaway seriesYesterday series
Penguin SoftwareGenevaIllinoisUnited States1978Transylvania series
Perfect WorldBeijingChina2004Perfect World seriesDeveloper/publisher
PetroglyphLas VegasNevadaUnited States2003Star Wars: Empire at WarUniverse at War: Earth AssaultGrey GooCommand & Conquer Remastered Collection
PhantagramSeoulSouth Korea1994Kingdom Under Fire seriesAcquired by Blueside in 201038
Pipeworks StudiosEugeneOregonUnited States1999Godzilla: Destroy All Monsters MeleeDeadliest WarriorZumba FitnessAcquired by Sumo Group in 2020, acquired by Jagex in 2022, and acquired by Virtuos in 2025
Piranha BytesEssenGermany1997Gothic 1–3Risen seriesELEXAcquired by THQ Nordic in 2019; closed in 2024
Piranha GamesVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada2000MechWarrior 5MechWarrior OnlineBass Pro Shops: The StrikeDie Hard: Nakatomi PlazaAcquired by Enad Global 7 in 2020.39
Pi StudiosHoustonTexasUnited States2002Bomberman Live: Battlefest
Pivotal GamesBathEnglandUnited Kingdom2000Conflict seriesThe Great Escape
Pixel FederationBratislavaSlovakia2007Galactic Junk LeagueDeveloper/Publisher
PlaydomSan FranciscoCaliforniaUnited States2009Facebook, Myspace game developer Subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company; closed in 2016
PlayfishLondonEnglandUnited Kingdom2007The Sims SocialFacebook, Myspace game developer Acquired by Electronic Arts; closed in 2013
PlayFirstSan FranciscoCaliforniaUnited States2004Acquired by Glu Mobile in 2014; Casual game developer, publisher and portal
Playground GamesRoyal Leamington SpaEnglandUnited Kingdom2009Forza Horizon seriesFable (2020)Acquired by Microsoft Studios in 2018
PlatinumGamesOsakaJapan2006MadWorldBayonetta seriesVanquishAnarchy ReignsMetal Gear Rising: RevengeanceThe Wonderful 101Star Fox ZeroNier: AutomataAstral ChainSuccessor to Clover Studio, and founded by Shinji Mikami, Atsushi Inaba, and Hideki Kamiya.
Polyphony DigitalTokyoJapan1998Gran Turismo seriesTourist TrophyDivision of SIE Worldwide Studios
PopCap GamesSeattleWashingtonUnited States2000Bejeweled seriesPlants vs. Zombies seriesPeggle seriesZumaCasual game developer, publisher and portal; subsidiary of Electronic Arts since 2011
PopTop SoftwareFentonMissouriUnited States1993TropicoRailroad Tycoon seriesAcquired by Take-Two Interactive in 2000 and merged into Firaxis Games in 2006
Press PlayCopenhagenDenmark2006Max & the Magic MarkerMax: The Curse of BrotherhoodFormer subsidiary of Microsoft Studios; defunct in March 2016
Private DivisionNew York CityNew YorkUnited States2017Kerbal Space Program 2Former subsidiary of Take-Two Interactive. The company still exists, but their game development studios, Intercept Games studio and Roll7 studio, were closed in 2024.40
Project MoonSuwonSouth Korea2016Lobotomy CorportationLibrary of Ruine
PsyonixSan DiegoCaliforniaUnited States2001Rocket LeagueXCOM: Enemy UnknownAcquired by Epic Games in 2019
PUBG StudiosSeongnamSouth Korea2009DevilianPlayerUnknown's BattlegroundsAcquired by Bluehole (currently Krafton) in 2015
Punch EntertainmentHanoiVietnam2005Subsidiary of Evolable Asia [ja]; Casual games, social games developer
Pyro MobileMadridSpain1996Commandos seriesSubsidiary of Zed Group; their assets were acquired by Kalypso Media41
Q EntertainmentTokyoJapan2003Lumines seriesAcquired by Sanyo Kasei Seisakusho in 2013 and the parent company was defunct in 2018.
Q-GamesNakagyō-kuJapan2001Star Fox CommandPixelJunk seriesThe Tomorrow Children
Quantic DreamParisFrance1997FahrenheitHeavy RainBeyond: Two SoulsDetroit: Become HumanAcquired by NetEase in 2022
Quest CorporationTokyoJapan1988Ogre Battle seriesThe game development division was acquired by Square in 2002
QuintetTokyoJapan1989ActRaiserSoul BlazerIllusion of GaiaTerranigmaRobotrekThe company appears to have been inactive since 2002. According to Terranigma artist Kamui Fujiwara, Quintet president Tomoyoshi Miyazaki had "disappeared" to his knowledge. A remaster of ActRaiser entitled ActRaiser Renaissance was released in September 2021 by Square Enix, suggesting that Square Enix at least has access to ActRaiser's rights, and might have the rest of Quintet's library as well.42
Radical EntertainmentVancouverCanada1991Prototype seriesMario Is Missing!Crash Tag Team RacingCrash of the TitansAcquired by Vivendi Games in 2005; dissolved in 201343
Rage GamesLiverpoolEnglandUnited Kingdom1992Incoming seriesDefunct in 2003
Rainbow StudiosPhoenixArizonaUnited States1996MX vs. ATV seriesAcquired by THQ, later closed by THQ, but re-instated in 2013 by Nordic Games (later known as THQ Nordic); became independent in 2024
RareTwycrossEnglandUnited Kingdom1985Battletoads seriesDonkey Kong Country seriesKiller Instinct seriesBanjo-Kazooie seriesDonkey Kong 64GoldenEye 007Conker's Bad Fur DayPerfect Dark seriesSea of ThievesSuccessor to Ultimate Play the Game; second-party developer for Nintendo; turned; Acquired by Microsoft Studios in 2002 as a first-party developer
Raven SoftwareMiddletonWisconsinUnited States1990HereticHexenSingularityCall of Duty seriesStar Wars Jedi Knight II: Jedi OutcastSoldier of Fortune II: Double HelixMarvel: Ultimate AllianceAcquired by Activision in 1997
RDI Video SystemsCarlsbadCaliforniaUnited States1982Dragon's LairDefunct in 1985
Ready at DawnIrvineCaliforniaUnited States2003DaxterThe Order: 1886DeformersLone EchoFormed by former members of Naughty Dog and Blizzard Entertainment. Acquired by Facebook in 2020.44 Closed in 2024.
Red EntertainmentTokyoJapan1976 (as the Red Company), 2000 (as Red Entertainment)Sakura Wars seriesGungrave seriesDeveloper/publisher; acquired by Oizumi Corporation [ja] in 2014
Reality Pump StudiosKrakówPoland1995Two Worlds seriesDivision of TopWare Interactive
Realtime AssociatesLos AngelesCaliforniaUnited States1986
Realtime WorldsDundeeScotlandUnited Kingdom2002CrackdownClosed in 2010
Rebel WolvesWarsawPoland2022
Rebellion DevelopmentsOxfordEnglandUnited Kingdom1992Aliens vs. Predator seriesSniper Elite series
Rebellion WarwickLeamington SpaEnglandUnited Kingdom2013SkySaga: Infinite IslesFormed by former employees of Blitz Games Studios; acquired by Rebellion Developments in 2018
RedLynxHelsinkiFinland2000Trials seriesSubsidiary of Ubisoft
Red Thread GamesOsloNorway2012Dreamfall Chapters: The Longest JourneyFounded by former employees of Funcom
Red Storm EntertainmentCaryNorth CarolinaUnited States1996Tom Clancy's Ghost ReconTom Clancy's Rainbow SixAssassin's Creed Nexus VRAcquired by Ubisoft in 2000
RedTribe (Tribalant)MelbourneVictoriaAustralia2003
Reflexive EntertainmentLake ForestCaliforniaUnited States1997Airport Mania seriesSubsidiary of Amazon.com
Relic EntertainmentVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada1997Company of Heroes seriesWarhammer 40000: Dawn of War seriesHomeworld seriesAcquired by Sega in 2013; became independent in 202445
Remedy EntertainmentEspooFinland1995Max Payne seriesAlan Wake seriesControl
Respawn EntertainmentSherman Oaks, Los AngelesCaliforniaUnited States2010TitanfallApex LegendsStar Wars Jedi: Fallen OrderAcquired by Electronic Arts in 2017.
Reto-MotoCopenhagenDenmark2008Heroes & GeneralsThe business was acquired by TLM Partners in 202246
Retro StudiosAustinTexasUnited States1998Metroid Prime seriesDonkey Kong Country seriesFirst-party developer and subsidiary of Nintendo
Revolution SoftwareYorkEnglandUnited Kingdom1990Broken Sword seriesBeneath a Steel Sky
Riot GamesSanta MonicaCaliforniaUnited States2006League of Legends

Legends of Runeterra

Valorant

Acquired by Tencent in 2011
Rising Star GamesLutonEnglandUnited Kingdom2004Acquired by Thunderful in 2018
RobomodoChicagoIllinoisUnited States2008Tony Hawk's Pro Skater HDTony Hawk's Pro Skater 5Defunct in 2016
Robot EntertainmentPlanoTexasUnited States2009Orcs Must Die! seriesHero Academy seriesAge of Empires Online
Rockstar GamesRockstar IndiaRockstar LeedsRockstar LincolnRockstar LondonRockstar New EnglandRockstar NorthRockstar San DiegoRockstar TorontoNew York CityBangaloreLeedsLincolnLondonBallardvaleEdinburghCarlsbadOakvilleNew YorkKarnatakaEnglandScotlandMassachusettsCaliforniaOntarioUnited StatesIndiaUnited KingdomCanada199820162004200220052008200220021999Grand Theft Auto franchiseManhunt seriesMidnight Club seriesRed Dead seriesBullyDeveloper/publisher; owned by Take-Two Interactive
Rockstar DundeeDundeeScotlandUnited Kingdom2008Crackdown 2Acquired by Take-Two Interactive in 2020
Rocksteady StudiosLondonEnglandUnited Kingdom2005Batman: Arkham seriesSuicide Squad: Kill the Justice LeagueSubsidiary of Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment
Robinson TechnologiesHiroshimaJapan1989Dink Smallwood
Romero GamesGalwayIreland2015Empire of Sin
Rovio EntertainmentEspooFinland2003Angry Birds franchisePublisher, developer and distributor; acquired by Sega in 2023
Runic GamesSeattleWashingtonUnited States2008TorchlightSubsidiary of Perfect World; closed in 2017
Running with ScissorsTucsonArizonaUnited States1997Postal series
Saber InteractiveMillburnNew JerseyUnited States2001World War ZAcquired by Embracer Group in 202047 and acquired by Beacon Interactive in 2024
SandlotTokyoJapan2001Robot Alchemic DriveEarth Defense Force seriesZangeki no ReginleivFormed by former employees of Human Entertainment
Sanzaru GamesFoster CityCaliforniaUnited States2006Sly Cooper: Thieves in TimeSonic Boom: Shattered CrystalSonic Boom: Fire & IceAcquired by Facebook in 2020.48
Sir-TechOgdensburgNew YorkUnited StatesCanada1979Wizardry seriesJagged Alliance series
Schell GamesPittsburghPennsylvaniaUnited States2002I Expect You To DieDeveloper and publisher
SCS SoftwarePragueCzech Republic199718 Wheels of Steel seriesEuro Truck Simulator series
SegaTokyoJapan1960Sonic the Hedgehog franchiseCrazy Taxi seriesGolden Axe seriesStreets of Rage seriesThe House of the Dead seriesSuper Monkey Ball seriesPuyo Puyo seriesJet Set Radio seriesPhantasy Star seriesPanzer Dragoon seriesJet Set Radio seriesLet's Make a Soccer Team! seriesMario & Sonic at the Olympic Games seriesShenmue seriesSakura Wars seriesYakuza franchiseValkyria Chronicles seriesMushiking seriesBorder Break series

Hatsune Miku: Project DIVA seriesVirtua Fighter seriesVirtua Tennis seriesWorld Club Champion Football seriesSamba de Amigo series

Third-party (Formerly first-party) developer, publisher, and former console manufacturer; subsidiary of Sega Sammy Holdings
Sensible SoftwareCambridgeEnglandUnited Kingdom1986Sensible Soccer seriesCannon Fodder seriesMega Lo ManiaWizballWizkidMicroprose SoccerShoot-'Em-Up Construction KitParallaxSensible GolfDeveloper, studio closed and company acquired by Codemasters in 1999
Bend StudioBendOregonUnited States1993 (Founded as Blank, Berlyn and Co., later Eidetic)Syphon Filter seriesDays GoneFounded by Blank, Berlyn and Co. and Eidetic, acquired by Sony Interactive Entertainment as a part of SIE Worldwide Studios in 2000.
San Mateo Studio (formerly Foster City Studio)San MateoCaliforniaUnited States1998Division of SIE Worldwide Studios; relocated from Foster City to San Mateo
Japan StudioTokyoJapan1993Ape Escape seriesIcoShadow of the ColossusSiren seriesPatapon seriesLoco Roco seriesGravity Rush seriesKnack seriesThe Last GuardianFantavisionFormer division of SIE Worldwide Studios, re-organized into Team Asobi in 202149
London StudioLondonEnglandUnited Kingdom2002SingStar seriesDivision of SIE Worldwide Studios; closed in 2024
San Diego StudioSan DiegoCaliforniaUnited States2001MLB: The Show seriesDivision of SIE Worldwide Studios
Santa Monica StudioLos AngelesCaliforniaUnited States1999God of War seriesDivision of SIE Worldwide Studios
Studio LiverpoolLiverpoolEnglandUnited Kingdom1984Wipeout seriesFormula One seriesColony Wars seriesFormer Division of SIE Worldwide Studios; shut down by Sony on August 22, 2012
Shaba GamesSan FranciscoCaliforniaUnited States1997Tony Hawk's Underground 2: RemixSpider-Man: Web of ShadowsAcquired by Activision in 2002; defunct in 2009
SIE Worldwide StudiosTokyo, Fukuoka, Santa Monica, Los Angeles, San Diego, Bend, Amsterdam, London, Guildford, CambridgeCalifornia, Washington, Oregon, EnglandJapan, United States, Netherlands, United Kingdom2005A group of first-party development studios and subsidiaries owned by Sony Interactive Entertainment
SingleTracSalt Lake CityUtahUnited States1994Twisted Metal 1–2Jet Moto 1–2Warhawk (1995)Defunct in 2000
Shengqu GamesShanghaiChina1999Acquired by Zhejiang Century Huatong in 2017
Sherman3DPetaling JayaMalaysia2003Alpha Kimori
Shift UpSeoulSouth Korea2013Stellar Blade
Shin'en MultimediaMunichGermany1999Fast Racing League series
Sierra EntertainmentOakhurstCaliforniaUnited States1979Mystery HouseKing's Quest seriesSpace Quest seriesPolice Quest seriesLeisure Suit Larry seriesQuest for Glory seriesGabriel Knight seriesSubsidiary of Activision; internal development ceased in 1999; closed in 2004
Silicon KnightsSt. CatharinesOntarioCanada1992Blood Omen: Legacy of KainEternal Darkness: Sanity's RequiemToo HumanClosed in 2014
Silicon StudioTokyoJapan2000Bravely Default seriesThey still develop game middlewares but their game contents division was sold to CREEK & RIVER.50
SimtexAustinTexasUnited States1988Master of Orion seriesMaster of MagicClosed in 1997
skip Ltd.TokyoJapan2000bit Generations seriesChibi-Robo! seriesFormed by former employees of Love-de-Lic
SkyBox LabsBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada2011Kinect Nat Geo TVProject SparkAcquired by NetEase Games in 2023.
Slant Six GamesVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada2005SOCOM U.S. Navy SEALs seriesResident Evil: Operation Raccoon CityDefunct in 2013
Sledgehammer GamesFoster CityCaliforniaUnited States2009Call of Duty: Advanced Warfareco-developer of Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3Subsidiary of Activision
SnailSuzhouChina2000Voyage Century Online
Snapshot GamesSofiaBulgaria2013Chaos RebornAcquired by Embracer Group in 2020.51
Slightly Mad StudiosLondonEnglandUnited Kingdom2008Project CARS seriesAcquired by Codemasters in 201952
Slipgate IronworksAarsDenmark2017Rad RodgersFormed by former employees of Interceptor Entertainment; acquired by Saber Interactive in 2021
Slitherine SoftwareEpsomEnglandUnited Kingdom2000Horrible Histories: Ruthless Romans
SmilegateSeoulSouth Korea2002Crossfire series
Smoking Gun InteractiveVancouverCanada2007Age of Empires: Castle SiegeMicrosoft Solitaire CollectionAcquired by Keywords Studios in 2022
SNKOsakaJapan2001Fatal Fury seriesThe King of Fighters seriesMetal Slug seriesSamurai Showdown seriesThe Last Blade seriesWorld Heroes seriesAcquired by 37Games in 2015; game hardware and software developer/publisher/manufacture
Sobee StudiosIstanbulTurkey2000I Can FootballSüpercanMerged into TTNET; closed in 2013
Snowblind StudiosSeattleWashingtonUnited States1997Top Gear OverdriveChampions of NorrathSubsidiary of Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment; defunct in 2012
Software 2000EutinGermany1987Pizza Tycoon seriesClosed in 2002
Sony Interactive EntertainmentTokyo (SIE, Inc.)

San Mateo (SIE, LLC)

Japan (SIE, Inc.)

California (SIE, LLC)

United States1994Various titlesFirst-party developer, publisher and console manufacturer
Sora Ltd.TokyoJapan2005Kid Icarus: UprisingSuper Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii USuper Smash Bros. Ultimate
Spellbound EntertainmentOffenburgGermany1994Desperados seriesArcania: Gothic 4Closed in 2012
SpidersParisFrance2008The TechnomancerGreedFallAcquired by Bigben Interactive (latterly Nacon) in 201953
SpikeTokyoJapan1991Dragon Ball Z: Budokai Tenkaichi seriesMerged with Chunsoft to become Spike Chunsoft in 2012
Spike ChunsoftTokyoJapan2012Zero Escape seriesDanganronpa franchiseAI: The Somnium Files seriesMystery Dungeon franchise

Jump Force

The result of a merger between Spike and Chunsoft and is owned by Dwango
Spil GamesHilversumNetherlands2001Web game developer/publisher. Acquired by Azerion.5455
Splash DamageLondonEnglandUnited Kingdom2001Enemy Territory: Quake WarsBrinkDirty BombAcquired by Leyou in 2016 and then Leyou was acquired by Tencent in 2020
Sports InteractiveLondonEnglandUnited Kingdom1994Championship Manager seriesFootball Manager seriesEastside Hockey Manager seriesAcquired by Sega in 2006
Sproing Interactive MediaViennaAustria2001Cursed MountainDefunct in 2017; their assets were acquired by Purple Lamp Studios
Square EnixShinjuku, TokyoJapan1975Final Fantasy franchiseMana seriesSaGa seriesChrono TriggerBrave Fencer MusashiStar Ocean franchiseValkyrie Profile seriesKingdom Hearts franchiseDragon Quest franchiseDrakengard series

Bravely Default seriesOctopath TravelerFront Mission series

Developer/publisher; previously known as Square Co. and Enix
SquadMexico CityMexico2009Kerbal Space Program series
Stainless GamesNewportEnglandUnited Kingdom1993Magic: The Gathering – Duels of the Planeswalkers series
Stainless Steel StudiosCambridgeMassachusettsUnited States1998Empire EarthClosed in 2005
Starbreeze StudiosUppsalaSweden1998EnclaveRiddickSyndicateBrothers: A Tale of Two Sons
StardockPlymouthMichiganUnited States1991Galactic Civilizations seriesDeveloper/publisher
Sting EntertainmentTokyoJapan1989Baroque seriesDungeon Travelers series
Strategic SimulationsSunnyvaleCaliforniaUnited States1979Gold Box seriesPanzer General seriesClosed in 1994
Stoic StudioAustinTexasUnited States2011The Banner Saga seriesFounded by former employees of BioWare
Strawdog StudiosDerbyEnglandUnited Kingdom2003Geon series
Straylight StudiosDunedinNew Zealand2004Closed in 2009
Streamline StudiosKuala LumpurMalaysia2001
SuccessTokyoJapan1978Cotton series
Sucker Punch ProductionsBellevueWashingtonUnited States1997Rocket: Robot on WheelsSly Cooper seriesInfamous seriesGhost of TsushimaDivision of SIE Worldwide Studios since 2011
Sumo DigitalSheffieldEnglandUnited Kingdom2003LittleBigPlanet 3Crackdown 3Subsidiary of Sumo Group
SunsoftKōnanAichiJapan1978Blaster MasterDeveloper and publisher. Division of Sun Corporation.
SupercellHelsinkiFinland2010Clash of ClansHay DayBoom BeachClash RoyaleSubsidiary of Tencent
Supermassive GamesGuildfordEnglandUnited Kingdom2008Until DawnAcquired by Nordisk Games, a subsidiary of Nordisk Film, in 2022
Supergiant GamesSan FranciscoCaliforniaUnited States2009Hades
SuperVillain StudiosOrange CountyCaliforniaUnited States2004Order Up!acquired by Nicalis in 2017
SurviosLos AngelesCaliforniaUnited States2013
Studio WildcardKirklandWashingtonUnited States2014Ark: Survival Evolved
Swordfish StudiosBirminghamEnglandUnited Kingdom2002Brian Lara International Cricket 2005Acquired by Vivendi Games in 2005 and then acquired by Codemasters in 2008; defunct in 2010
Swingin' Ape StudiosAliso ViejoCaliforniaUnited States2000Metal Arms: Glitch in the SystemAcquired by Blizzard Entertainment
StormRegionBudapestHungary2001S.W.I.N.E.Codename: Panzers seriesAcquired by 10tacle Studios AG in 2007 and then defunct in 2008
Sunstorm InteractiveIndianapolisIndianaUnited States1995Deer Hunter seriesDefunct in 2003
Syn SophiaTokyoJapan1995WCW/nWo RevengeSimCity DS seriesStyle Savvy seriesPretty Series franchise
SystemSoft BetaTokyoJapan1999Daisenryaku seriesSubsidiary of Nippon Ichi Software, successor of SystemSoft Alpha56
TaitoShinjuku, TokyoJapan1953Space InvadersBubble Bobble seriesDeveloper/publisher; acquired by Square Enix
Tango GameworksMinato, TokyoJapan2010The Evil Within seriesGhostwire: TokyoHi-Fi RushAcquired by ZeniMax Media in 2010, and founded by Shinji Mikami. Defunct in May 2024. Acquired and revived in August 2024 by Krafton.
Tag GamesDundeeScotlandUnited Kingdom2006Acquired by Scopely in 202357
TaleWorlds EntertainmentAnkaraTurkey2005Mount & Blade series
TamsoftAsakusaJapan1992Onechanbara seriesSenran Kagura seriesCaptain Tsubasa: Rise of New Champions
T&E SoftAichiJapan1982Hydlide seriesMerged into Spike Chunsoft in 2013
Tantalus MediaMelbourneVictoriaAustralia1994mostly acquired by Keywords Studios in 2021
Tarsier StudiosMalmöSweden2004Little NightmaresAcquired by Embracer Group in 2019.58
Tate MultimediaWarsawPoland2002Kao the Kangaroo seriesUrban Trial Freestyle
Team17OssettEnglandUnited Kingdom1990Alien Breed seriesWorms seriesThe Escapists seriesOvercooked series
Team AsobiTokyoJapan2012 (as division of Japan Studio)2021 (as Team Asobi)The Playroom, Astro Bot Rescue Mission, Astro's PlayroomDivision of SIE Worldwide Studios
Team BondiSydneyNew South WalesAustralia2003L.A. NoireClosed in 2011
Team IcoTokyoJapan1997IcoShadow of the ColossusDivision of Japan Studio; Their staffs moved to genDESIGN [ja]
Team NinjaTokyoJapan1995Ninja Gaiden seriesDead or Alive franchiseNioh seriesMarvel Ultimate Alliance 3Division of Koei Tecmo Games; formerly a division of Tecmo
TechlandWrocław, WarszawaPoland1991Chrome seriesCall of Juarez seriesDead Island seriesDying LightDeveloper/publisher; mostly acquired by Tencent59
TecmoTokyoJapan1967Ninja Gaiden seriesDead or Alive franchiseMonster Rancher seriesGallop Racer seriesFatal Frame seriesTecmo and Koei co-founded Koei Tecmo Holdings in 2009 and Tecmo was merged into Koei Tecmo Games in 2010
Telltale GamesSan RafaelCaliforniaUnited States2004Sam & Max episodic seriesThe Walking Dead seriesThe Wolf Among UsTales from the BorderlandsGame of ThronesMinecraft: Story ModeFounded by former employees of LucasArts, defunct in 2018; their assets were acquired by LCG Entertainment
TencentShenzhenChina1998Developer, publisher, online services company
Tencent GamesShenzhenChina2003Ring of ElysiumDivision of Tencent Interactive Entertainment
Tequila WorksMadridSpain2009DeadlightDefunct in November 12, 2024
Terminal RealityLewisvilleTexasUnited States1994Monster Truck Madness seriesClosed in 2013
Tetris OnlineHonoluluHawaiiUnited States2006Tetris FriendsClosed in 2019
TeyonKrakówPoland2006Heavy Fire series
ThatgamecompanySanta MonicaCaliforniaUnited States2006JourneySky
The Chinese RoomBrightonEnglandUnited Kingdom2007Amnesia: A Machine For PigsSubsidiary of Sumo Digital
The CoalitionVancouverCanada2010Gears of War seriesSubsidiary of Microsoft Studios
The Farm 51GliwicePoland2005Get Even
The InitiativeSanta MonicaCaliforniaUnited States2018Perfect Dark (cancelled)Subsidiary of Microsoft Studios; closed in 2025
THQAgoura HillsCaliforniaUnited States1989Developer/publisher; defunct in 2013; their assets were acquired by Nordic Games, 505 Games, or Gearbox Software60
THQ NordicViennaAustria2011SpellForce 3Developer/publisher; subsidiary of Embracer Group
Three Fields EntertainmentPetersfieldEnglandUnited Kingdom2014Danger Zone seriesDangerous Driving seriesFounded by the founders of Criterion Games
Three Rings DesignSan FranciscoCaliforniaUnited States2001Doctor Who: Worlds in Time
TimeGate StudiosSugar LandTexasUnited States1998Kohan seriesSection 8 series
TiMi StudiosShenzhenChina2008Call of Duty: MobilePokémon UniteSubsidiary of Tencent Games
ToaplanTokyoJapan1984Snow Bros.Developer of arcade games; went bankrupt and closed in 1994
Toby FoxUnited States2015UndertaleDeltarune
Toca BocaStockholmSweden2010Toca Life seriesSubsidiary of Spin Master
ToeJam & Earl ProductionsSan FranciscoCaliforniaUnited States1989 (as Johnson Voorsanger Productions)ToeJam & Earl seriesFounded by Mark Voorsanger and Greg Johnson; became defunct in 2003
Tokyo RPG FactoryTokyoJapan2014I Am SetsunaLost SphearOninakiSubsidiary of Square Enix; closed in 202461
ToolworksNovatoCaliforniaUnited States1980Chessmaster 2000Mavis Beacon Teaches TypingMario Is Missing!Acquired by Pearson plc
TopWare InteractiveKarlsruheGermany1995Publisher (developing in Reality Pump Studios division)
Torpex GamesBellevueWashingtonUnited States2005Schizoid
Torus GamesBayswaterVictoriaAustralia1994Scooby-Doo! First FrightsScooby-Doo! and the Spooky SwampShrek Smash n' Crash RacingMonster Jam
ToseKyotoJapan1979The Legendary Starfy seriesDragon Quest Monsters seriesSlime seriesWorld of Final FantasySuper Princess Peach
Toys for BobNovatoCaliforniaUnited States1989Skylanders seriesCrash Bandicoot 4Spyro Reignited TrilogyFormer subsidiary of Activision; became independent in 2024
TrapdoorMontrealQuebecCanada2010Warp
Transmission GamesMelbourneVictoriaAustralia1996Heroes of the PacificHeroes Over EuropeClosed in 2009
Traveller's TalesKnutsfordEnglandUnited Kingdom1990Lego seriesCrash Bandicoot: The Wrath of CortexSubsidiary of TT Games
TreyarchSanta MonicaCaliforniaUnited States1996Call of Duty seriesSpider-Man (2002)Acquired by Activision in 2001.
TreasureTokyoJapan1992Gunstar HeroesDynamite HeaddyGuardian HeroesAlien SoldierBangai-OIkarugaSin and PunishmentSin & Punishment: Star SuccessorGaist Crusher
tri-AceTokyoJapan1995Star Ocean franchiseValkyrie Profile seriesAcquired by Nepro Japan (currently NJ Holdings [ja]) in 2015
tri-CrescendoTokyoJapan1999Digimon World Re:Digitize series
Trion WorldsRedwood CityCaliforniaUnited States2006RiftDefunct in 2018; their assets were acquired by Gamigo [de]62
Tripwire InteractiveRoswellGeorgiaUnited States2005Killing Floor seriesRed Orchestra: Ostfront 41-45Acquired by Embracer Group in 2022
Triumph StudiosDelftNetherlands1997Age of Wonders seriesOverlord seriesAcquired by Paradox Interactive
Turn 10 StudiosRedmondWashingtonUnited States2001Forza Motorsport seriesSubsidiary of Microsoft Studios
Turtle Rock StudiosLake ForestCaliforniaUnited States2002Left 4 Dead seriesEvolveAcquired by Tencent in 2021
Two Point StudiosFarnham, SurreyEnglandUnited Kingdom2016Two Point HospitalFormed by former employees of Lionhead Studios; acquired by Sega in 2019
Two TribesAmersfoortNetherlands2000Toki Tori
Typhoon Games (HK)Hong Kong SARChina2001Subsidiary of Typhoon Entertainment (Asia)
UbisoftMontreuil-sous-BoisFrance1986Rayman seriesAssassin's Creed seriesJust Dance seriesPrince of Persia seriesFar Cry seriesZombiUTom Clancy's Ghost Recon seriesTom Clancy's Rainbow Six seriesTom Clancy's Splinter Cell seriesBeyond Good & Evil seriesDeveloper/publisher
Ubisoft Blue ByteDüsseldorfGermany1988Battle Isle seriesThe Settlers seriesAnno seriesAcquired by Ubisoft
Ubisoft LeamingtonLeamington SpaEnglandUnited Kingdom2002DJ Hero seriesGuitar Hero LiveAcquired by Activision in 2008 and acquired by Ubisoft in 2017; defunct in 2025.63
Ubisoft ReflectionsNewcastle upon TyneEnglandUnited Kingdom1984Driver seriesDestruction Derby seriesAcquired by Ubisoft
UEP SystemsTokyoJapan1985Cool Boarders seriesDefunct in 2001
Ultimate Play the GameAshby-de-la-ZouchEnglandUnited Kingdom1982JetpacLunar JetmanAtic AtacSabreman seriesAlien 8Predecessor to Rare; Defunct in 1988
Undead LabsSeattleWashingtonUnited States2009State of Decay seriesAcquired by Microsoft Studios in 2018
Underground DevelopmentFoster CityCaliforniaUnited States1994Guitar Hero: Van HalenAcquired by Activision in 2002; dissolved in 2010
United Front GamesVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada2006ModNation RacersSleeping DogsLittleBigPlanet KartingDefunct in 2016
United Game ArtistsTokyoJapan1996Space Channel 5 seriesRezSubsidiary of Sega
UniversomoTampereFinland2002Defunct in 2010
Unknown Worlds EntertainmentSan FranciscoCaliforniaUnited States2001Natural Selection seriesSubnautica seriesAcquired by Krafton in 2021
Valhalla Game StudiosTokyoJapan2008Devil's ThirdMomotaro Dentetsu 2017Acquired by Wake Up Interactive in 2017 and merged into Wake Up Interactive by Tencent, its new parent company, in 2021
ValveKirklandWashingtonUnited States1996Half-Life seriesPortal seriesLeft 4 Dead seriesTeam Fortress 2Dota 2Counter-Strike seriesDeveloper, publisher and distributor
VanillawareChūō-ku, OsakaJapan2002Odin SphereGrimGrimoireMuramasa: The Demon BladeDragon's Crown13 Sentinels: Aegis Rim
VanpoolTokyoJapan1999Tingle seriesSuper Kirby ClashKirby Fighters 2Formed by former employees of Love-de-Lic; closed in 202364
Velan StudiosTroyNew YorkUnited States2012Knockout City Mario Kart Live: Home CircuitFormed by former Vicarious Visions developers
Venan EntertainmentCromwellConnecticutUnited States2002NinjatownTheir assets were acquired by Megaspace Industries.
VG EntertainmentKyivUkraine2012SurvariumVostok Games was founded in March 2012 by former employees of GSC Game World, following that firm's closing
Vic TokaiShizuokaJapan1984Developer and publisher. Branch of Tokai Communications.
Vicarious VisionsAlbany (Menands)New YorkUnited States1990Guitar Hero series (Wii and DS version)Tony Hawk series

Skylanders: SuperChargersCrash Bandicoot series

Marvel: Ultimate Alliance 2

Acquired by Activision in 2004; merged into Blizzard Entertainment in 2021.65
Vigil GamesAustinTexasUnited States2005Darksiders seriesSubsidiary of THQ; defunct in 2013
Virtual HeroesRaleighNorth CarolinaUnited States2004Moonbase Alphaacquired by Applied Research Associates in 2009
VirtuosSingapore2004Monster Jam: Path of DestructionGhost Recon Predator
Visceral GamesRedwood CityCaliforniaUnited States1998Dead Space seriesFormerly known as EA Redwood Shores, former in-house development studio and subsidiary of Electronic Arts, closed in 2017.
Visual ConceptsNovatoCaliforniaUnited States1988NFL 2KNBA 2K seriesMLB 2K seriesNHL 2K seriesWWE 2K20Subsidiary of 2K
VolitionChampaignIllinoisUnited States1996Saints Row seriesRed Faction seriesAcquired by Koch Media in 2013 and managed by its Deep Silver division; transferred to the Gearbox Entertainment belonging to the same industrial group in 2022 and closed in 2023
Wahoo StudiosOremUtahUnited States2001
Warhorse StudiosPragueCzech Republic2011Kingdom Come: DeliveranceAcquired by Koch Media in 2019
WargamingNicosiaMinskCyprusBelarus1998World of TanksWorld of WarplanesDeveloper/publisher
Lesta Studio (formerly Wargaming Saint Petersburg)Saint PetersburgRussia1991World of WarshipsFormer subsidiary of Wargaming
Wargaming SeattleRedmondWashingtonUnited States1998Supreme CommanderSubsidiary of Wargaming
Warner Bros. Interactive EntertainmentChicagoIllinoisUnited States1988Batman: Arkham seriesLego seriesF.E.A.R. seriesMortal Kombat seriesDivision of Warner Bros. Entertainment which is a subsidiary of WarnerMedia
WB Games Boston (formerly Turbine)NeedhamMassachusettsUnited States1994Asheron's Call seriesDungeons & Dragons OnlineThe Lord of the Rings OnlineSubsidiary of Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment
WB Games - Avalanche (formerly Avalanche Software)Salt Lake CityUtahUnited States1995Disney Infinity seriesSubsidiary of Disney Interactive Studios; defunct in 2016Relaunched by Warner Bros. in 2017.
Webfoot TechnologiesChicagoIllinoisUnited States1993Dragon Ball Z: The Legacy of GokuYou Don't Know Jack! series[which?]Deadly Rooms of DeathCreators of many Dragon Ball Z games for Atari; specializes in Nintendo platforms
WeMadeSeoulSouth Korea2000The Legend of Mir series
Westone Bit EntertainmentTokyoJapan1986Wonder Boy seriesMonster World seriesBankrupt and became defunct in 2014
Westwood StudiosLas VegasNevadaUnited States1985Eye of the BeholderDune IIThe Legend of Kyrandia seriesMonopoly (1995)Lands of Lore seriesCommand & Conquer seriesAcquired by Electronic Arts in 1998 and closed in 2003.
Wideload GamesChicagoIllinoisUnited States2003Stubbs the Zombie in Rebel Without a PulseSubsidiary of Disney Interactive Studios; closed in 2014
Wildfire StudiosBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia1995
Wizet studio (Nexon development 1st division)SeoulSouth Korea1999MapleStoryAcquired by Nexon and became to its division
Wolfire GamesBerkeleyCaliforniaUnited States2003
World ForgeVoronezhRussia2004Ancient Wars: SpartaFounded by Burut Creative Team employees.
Xbox Game StudiosRedmondWashingtonUnited States2002Age of Empires seriesCrackdown seriesForza Motorsport seriesGears of War seriesHalo seriesMicrosoft Flight Simulator seriesZoo Tycoon seriesFirst-party developer, publisher, and console manufacturer; established as Microsoft Game Studios
XPEC EntertainmentTaipeiTaiwan2000Bounty HoundsDeveloper/publisher
Yager DevelopmentBerlinGermany1999Spec Ops: The Linemostly acquired by Tencent in 2021
Yuke'sOsakaJapan1993WWE 2K series (–2018)Earth Defense Force: Iron Rain
ZeniMax Online StudiosHunt ValleyMarylandUnited States2007The Elder Scrolls OnlineSubsidiary of ZeniMax Media Inc
Zen StudiosBudapestHungary2003Pinball FX seriesAcquired by Embracer Group in 2020.66
Zipper InteractiveRedmondWashingtonUnited States1995SOCOM U.S. Navy SEALs seriesMechWarrior 3Shut down in 2012 by Sony Computer Entertainment
Zombie StudiosSeattleWashingtonUnited States1994Spec Ops: Rangers Lead the WayBlacklight: Retribution
ZootFlyLjubljanaSlovenia2002Marlow Briggs and the Mask of DeathAcquired by Elektroncek
ZyngaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUnited States2007FarmVilleZynga PokerSocial network game developer; acquired by Take-Two Interactive in 2022

See also

References

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  2. Backflip Studios shutting down. GamesIndustry.biz. October 24, 2019. https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2019-10-24-backflip-studios-shutting-down ↩

  3. EG7 to acquire two Canadian studios – Mechwarrior dev Piranha Games & My Singing Monsters dev Big Blue Bubble. MCV/DEVELOP. November 26, 2020. https://www.mcvuk.com/business-news/eg7-to-acquire-two-canadian-studios-mechwarrior-dev-piranha-games-my-singing-monsters-dev-big-blue-bubble/ ↩

  4. THE BITMAP BROTHERS LIMITED, Company Check https://companycheck.co.uk/company/02718076/THE-BITMAP-BROTHERS-LIMITED/companies-house-data ↩

  5. THE BITMAP BROTHERS (NORTH) LIMITED, Company Check https://companycheck.co.uk/company/03722282/THE-BITMAP-BROTHERS-NORTH-LIMITED/companies-house-data ↩

  6. Rebellion acquires The Bitmap Brothers' classic games portfolio, Eurogamer.net, 25 November 2019 https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2019-11-25-rebellion-acquires-the-bitmap-brothers-classic-games-portfolio ↩

  7. BLITZ GAMES STUDIOS LIMITED, GOV.UK https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/02482913 ↩

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  9. Morgan, Adam (March 15, 2023). "Into the Myst: The Oral History of America's Oldest Surviving Indie Game Studio". Inverse. Retrieved September 24, 2023. https://www.inverse.com/gaming/myst-cyan-worlds-oral-history?fbclid=IwAR1ShRdJ2eHcLlMAbo4WBhU2wHfqLj0naTkpagRWOLHndHvDBiud4AhtVAQ ↩

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  12. EG7 acquires Daybreak. GamesIndustry.biz. December 1, 2020. https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2020-12-01-eg7-acquires-daybreak ↩

  13. Focus Home Interactive acquires Deck13 Interactive. Gematsu. June 25, 2020. https://www.gematsu.com/2020/06/focus-home-interactive-acquires-deck13-interactive ↩

  14. Digital Eclipse is back with a new mission: preserve classic games. Gamasutra. June 8, 2015 https://www.gamedeveloper.com/business/digital-eclipse-is-back-with-a-new-mission-preserve-classic-games ↩

  15. Atari to acquire Digital Eclipse in $20m deal. GamesIndustry.biz. October 31, 2023 https://www.gamesindustry.biz/atari-to-acquire-digital-eclipse-in-20m-deal ↩

  16. Nordic acquires Digital Reality IP Imperium Galactica, Sine Mora, others, VG247, 2 February 2016 https://www.vg247.com/2016/02/02/nordic-acquires-digital-reality-ip-imperium-galactica-sine-mora-others/ ↩

  17. Focus Entertainment acquires Dovetail Games. GamesIndustry.biz. April 20, 2023 https://www.gamesindustry.biz/focus-entertainment-acquires-dvetail-games ↩

  18. Next Floor Invests on Studio 4LEAF Archived 2019-08-07 at the Wayback Machine. Tech for Korea. October 24, 2017. http://www.techforkorea.com/2017/10/24/next-floor-invests-on-studio-4leaf/ ↩

  19. エクサムが2020年2月末で全業務を休止すると発表。現行の業務などはTEAM ARCANAへ移管 (in Japanese). 4Gamer.net. February 10, 2020. https://www.4gamer.net/games/397/G039755/20200210087/ ↩

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  21. Disney sells mobile game studio FoxNext Games to Scopely TechCrunch January 22, 2020 https://techcrunch.com/2020/01/22/disney-sells-mobile-game-studio-foxnet-games-to-scopely/ ↩

  22. Maximum Entertainment acquires Fun Labs - News-in-brief. GamesIndustry.biz. March 15, 2023 https://www.gamesindustry.biz/maximum-entertainment-acquires-fun-labs-news-in-brief ↩

  23. Tencent bids to acquire 100% of Funcom. GamesIndustry.biz. January 22, 2020 https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2020-01-22-tencent-bids-to-acquire-100-percent-of-funcom ↩

  24. Harebrained Schemes and Paradox Interactive to split in 2024. GamesIndustry.biz. October 17, 2023 https://www.gamesindustry.biz/harebrained-schemes-and-paradox-interactive-to-split-in-2024 ↩

  25. Makuch, Eddie (2015-10-05). "The Crew Reaches 3 Million Players, Ubisoft Acquires Developer". GameSpot. Retrieved 2018-10-16. https://www.gamespot.com/articles/the-crew-reaches-3-million-players-ubisoft-acquire/1100-6431160/ ↩

  26. Harry Potter Hot, Marvel Avengers Not in Jam City Game Plans, Bloomberg, June 29, 2018 https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-06-28/harry-potter-is-hot-marvel-avengers-not-in-jam-city-game-plans ↩

  27. Kiloo Games shutting down. GamesIndustry.biz. June 15, 2023 https://www.gamesindustry.biz/kiloo-games-shutting-down ↩

  28. Tencent acquires majority stake in Klei Entertainment. GamesIndustry.biz. January 22, 2021. https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2021-01-22-tencent-acquires-majority-stake-in-klei-entertainment ↩

  29. Bigben spending spree continues with Kylotonn acquisition, GamesIndustry.biz, October 3, 2018 https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2018-10-03-bigben-spending-spree-continues-with-kylotonn-acquisition ↩

  30. DISSOLUTION, California Secretary of State https://businesssearch.sos.ca.gov/Document/RetrievePDF?Id=199903210059-24600528 ↩

  31. Colopl acquires Mages. Gematsu. March 30, 2020. https://www.gematsu.com/2020/03/colopl-acquires-mages ↩

  32. Weeks After Releasing An Acclaimed Game, A 15-Year-Old Studio Is Shutting Down. GameSpot. August 29, 2023 https://www.gamespot.com/articles/weeks-after-releasing-an-acclaimed-game-a-15-year-old-studio-is-shutting-down/1100-6517269/ ↩

  33. Nexon merges NDoors and Nexon Red, GamesIndustry.biz, January 2, 2018 https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2018-01-02-nexon-merges-ndoors-and-nexon-red ↩

  34. Embracer Group acquires multiple studios, including 4A Games. GamesIndustry.biz. August 13, 2020. https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2020-08-13-embracer-group-acquires-multiple-studios-including-4a-games ↩

  35. Nintendo acquires Next Level Games. GamesIndustry.biz. January 5, 2021. https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2021-01-05-nintendo-acquires-next-level-games ↩

  36. Embracer Group acquires 13 studios: Here's everything you need to know. GamesIndustry.biz. November 18, 2020. https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2020-11-18-embracer-group-acquires-13-studios ↩

  37. Embracer Group acquires 13 studios: Here's everything you need to know. GamesIndustry.biz. November 18, 2020. https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2020-11-18-embracer-group-acquires-13-studios ↩

  38. 김세정 블루사이드 대표 "7년간 800억원 투자한 '킹덤언더파이어2'...전 세계 흥행 자신감" (in Korean), ChosunBiz, November 28, 2016 http://biz.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2016/11/28/2016112801142.html ↩

  39. EG7 to acquire two Canadian studios – Mechwarrior dev Piranha Games & My Singing Monsters dev Big Blue Bubble. MCV/DEVELOP. November 26, 2020. https://www.mcvuk.com/business-news/eg7-to-acquire-two-canadian-studios-mechwarrior-dev-piranha-games-my-singing-monsters-dev-big-blue-bubble/ ↩

  40. Take-Two sells Private Division label, confirms closure of OlliOlli World and Kerbal Space Program 2 studios. Eurogamer.net. November 6, 2024. https://www.eurogamer.net/take-two-sells-private-division-label-confirms-closure-of-olliolli-world-and-kerbal-space-program-2-studios ↩

  41. Tropico publisher Kalypso acquires rights to Commandos series, Gamasutra, July 13, 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180919221542/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/322057/Tropico_publisher_Kalypso_acquires_rights_to_Commandos_series.php ↩

  42. "ActRaiser got a remake, so now it's time for a Soul Blazer trilogy revival". Destructoid - Nintendo. 2021-09-24. Retrieved 2022-06-15. https://www.nintendo.destructoid.com/actraiser-remake-soul-blazer-trilogy-revival-illusion-of-gaia-terranigma/ ↩

  43. Federal Corporation Information - 428888-2, Government of Canada https://www.ic.gc.ca/app/scr/cc/CorporationsCanada/fdrlCrpDtls.html?corpId=4288882 ↩

  44. Facebook acquires Ready at Dawn. GamesIndustry.biz. June 22, 2020. https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2020-06-22-facebook-acquires-ready-at-dawn ↩

  45. SEGA sells Relic Entertainment, lays off 240 staff across European studios. Gematsu. March 28, 2024 https://www.gematsu.com/2024/03/sega-sells-relic-entertainment-lays-off-240-staff-across-european-studios ↩

  46. TLM Partners acquires Heroes & Generals business operations. GamesIndustry.biz. February 4, 2022 https://www.gamesindustry.biz/tlm-partners-acquires-heroes-and-generals-business-operations ↩

  47. Embracer Group acquires Saber Interactive in $525m deal. GamesIndustry.biz. February 19, 2020. https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2020-02-19-embracer-group-acquires-saber-interactive-in-usd525m-deal ↩

  48. Facebook acquires Sanzaru Games. GamesIndustry.biz. February 25, 2020. https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2020-02-25-facebook-acquires-sanzaru-games ↩

  49. "PlayStation Confirms Japan Studio Will be Re-Organized". 17 August 2021. Retrieved 12 July 2022. https://www.ign.com/articles/team-asobi-official-playstation-studios-dev-new-logo ↩

  50. シリコンスタジオ、コンテンツ事業を会社分割してC&R社に譲渡へ...新設会社スタジオリボルバーの株式の90%を譲渡 譲渡価額は概算で1億3700万円. (in Japanese) Social Game Info. June 18, 2018. https://gamebiz.jp/?p=213439 ↩

  51. Embracer Group acquires 13 studios: Here's everything you need to know. GamesIndustry.biz. November 18, 2020. https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2020-11-18-embracer-group-acquires-13-studios ↩

  52. Codemasters buys Slightly Mad Studios for $30m, GamesIndustry.biz, 28 November 2019 http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2019-11-28-codemasters-buys-slightly-mad-studios-for-usd30m ↩

  53. Bigben Interactive acquires Spiders Games. Gematsu. July 25, 2019. https://gematsu.com/2019/07/bigben-interactive-acquires-spiders-games ↩

  54. Azerion buys Spil Games' mobile game division. VentureBeat. June 20, 2019. https://venturebeat.com/2019/06/20/azerion-buys-mobile-game-division-of-spil-games/ ↩

  55. Azerion acquires remainder of Spil Games. GamesIndustry.biz. February 12, 2020. https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2020-02-12-azerion-acquires-remainder-of-spil-games ↩

  56. Nippon Ichi Software establishes SystemSoft Beta to succeed SystemSoft Alpha game division. Gematsu. January 6, 2020 https://www.gematsu.com/2020/01/nippon-ichi-software-establishes-systemsoft-beta-to-succeed-systemsoft-alpha-game-division ↩

  57. Scopely acquires Tag Games. GamesIndustry.biz. June 29, 2023 https://www.gamesindustry.biz/scopely-acquires-tag-games ↩

  58. Embracer Group acquires Little Nightmares dev Tarsier Studios for $10.5m. GamesIndustry.biz. December 20, 2019. http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2019-12-20-embracer-group-acquires-little-nightmares-dev-tarsier-studios-for-usd10-5m ↩

  59. Tencent to become majority shareholder of Techland. GamesIndustry.biz. July 24, 2023 https://www.gamesindustry.biz/tencent-to-become-majority-shareholder-of-techland ↩

  60. THQ auction results: Nordic Games takes Darksiders, Red Faction; 505 Games is Drawn to Life, Engadget, April 22, 2013 https://www.engadget.com/2013/04/22/thq-auction-darksiders-red-faction-homeworld/ ↩

  61. Square Enix dissolves Tokyo RPG Factory. GamesIndustry.biz. January 31, 2024 https://www.gamesindustry.biz/square-enix-dissolves-tokyo-rpg-factory ↩

  62. DGAP-Adhoc: gamigo AG: Übernahme des Spiele Unternehmens Trion Worlds zur weiteren Stärkung ihrer Marktposition im Spielemarkt. (in German), Finanznachrichten.de [de], October 22, 2018 https://www.finanznachrichten.de/nachrichten-2018-10/45070748-dgap-adhoc-gamigo-ag-uebernahme-des-spiele-unternehmens-trion-worlds-zur-weiteren-staerkung-ihrer-marktposition-im-spielemarkt-deutsch-016.htm ↩

  63. Ubisoft announces studio closure as it lays off 185 staff. Eurogamer.net. January 27, 2025 https://www.eurogamer.net/ubisoft-announces-studio-closure-as-it-lays-off-185-staff ↩

  64. Kirby support studio Vanpool shut down. GamesIndustry.biz. June 1, 2023 https://www.gamesindustry.biz/kirby-support-studio-vanpool-shut-down ↩

  65. Vicarious Visions merged into Blizzard. GamesIndustry.biz. January 22, 2021. https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2021-01-22-vicarious-visions-merged-into-blizzard ↩

  66. Embracer Group acquires 13 studios: Here's everything you need to know. GamesIndustry.biz. November 18, 2020. https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2020-11-18-embracer-group-acquires-13-studios ↩