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Lufeng Formation
Early Jurassic geological formation in China

The Lufeng Formation (formerly Lower Lufeng Series) is a Lower Jurassic sedimentary rock formation found in Yunnan, China. It has two units: the lower Dull Purplish Beds/Shawan Member are of Hettangian age, and Dark Red Beds/Zhangjia'ao Member are of Sinemurian age. It is known for its fossils of early dinosaurs. The Dull Purplish Beds have yielded the possible therizinosaur Eshanosaurus, the possible theropod Lukousaurus, and the "prosauropods" "Gyposaurus" sinensis, Lufengosaurus, Jingshanosaurus, and Yunnanosaurus. Dinosaurs discovered in the Dark Red Beds include the theropod Sinosaurus triassicus, the "prosauropods" "Gyposaurus", Lufengosaurus, and Yunnanosaurus, indeterminate remains of sauropods, and the early armored dinosaurs Bienosaurus and Tatisaurus.

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Paleofauna

Rhynchocephalians

Rhynchocephalians reported from the Lufeng Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotes

Clevosaurus3

Indeterminate

Yunnan

Partial skulls and jaws.4The three named species do not display any autapomorphic characters and should be considered indeterminate within the genus. Only record of rhynchocephalians from Asia.5

Crurotarsans

Crurotarsans reported from the Lufeng Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotes

Dianchungosaurus6

D. lufengensis7

Yunnan8

Dark Red Beds9

Formerly considered an ornithopod dinosaur.

Ornithischians

Indeterminate ornithopod remains Yunnan. Dark Red Beds.10

Ornithischians reported from the Lufeng Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotes

Bienosaurus1112

B. lufengensis13

Yunnan14

Dark Red Beds15

A right "[d]entary with teeth,"16 with additional cranial fragments such as a partial frontal. These specimens are catalogued as IVPP V 9612. The dentary preserves 11 teeth or roots with two additional empty alveoli.

Tatisaurus17

T. oehleri18

Yunnan19

Dark Red Beds20

"Isolated dentary."21

Sauropodomorphs

Color key
TaxonReclassified taxonTaxon falsely reported as presentDubious taxon or junior synonymIchnotaxonOotaxonMorphotaxon
Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.
Sauropodomorphs reported from the Lufeng Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImages

Chuxiongosaurus22

C. lufengensis23

Yunnan24

"Skull25

Gyposaurus26

G. sinensis27

Yunnan28

  • Dark Red Beds29
  • Dull Purplish Beds30

"[Two] skeletons, [one] with partial skull, [two] partial skeletons, [three] skull fragments, adult."31

Fulengia32

F. youngi33

Yunnan34

  • Dark Red Beds35

"Skull."36

Jingshanosaurus37

J. xinwaensis38

Yunnan39

  • Dull Purplish Beds40

"Complete skeleton with skull, adult."41

"Kunmingosaurus"42

"K. wusdingensis"43

Yunnan44

  • Dark Red Beds45

nomen nudum

Lishulong46L. wangi47Yunnan48
  • Shawan Member49
Skull and cervical vertebrae 2–1050

Lufengosaurus51

L. huenei52

Yunnan53

  • Dark Red Beds54
  • Dull Purplish55

"(including Gyposaurus sinensis, L. magnus)"56

L. magnus57

Yunnan58

  • Dark Red Beds59
  • Dull Purplish60

Tawasaurus61

T. minor62

Yunnan63

  • Dark Red Beds64
XingxiulongX. chengiYunnan
X. yueorum65Yunnan
  • Zhangjiaao Member
LF2015-NO01, an articulated postcranial skeleton
Yizhousaurus66Y. sunaeYunnan
  • Zhangjiaao Member
Partial skeleton with skull

Yunnanosaurus67

Y. huangi68

Yunnan69

  • Dark Red Beds70
  • Dull Purplish71

"More than [twenty] partial to complete skeletons, [two] skulls, juvenile to adult."72

Y. robustus73

Yunnan74

  • Dark Red Beds75
  • Dull Purplish76

Theropods

Theropods reported from the Lower Lufeng Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImages

Eshanosaurus77

E. deguchiianus78

Yunnan79

  • Dull Purplish Beds80

"Dentary."81

Possible therizinosaur

Lukousaurus82

L. yini83

Yunnan84

  • Dark Red Beds85
  • Dull Purplish Beds86
  • Holotype skull, tooth87
  • Three bone fragments88

Possible crocodylomorph89

Sinosaurus90

S. triassicus91

Yunnan92

  • Dark Red Beds93
  • Dull Purplish Beds94
  • Maxillary fragments, teeth, and a lower jaw fragment
  • Incomplete skull and other post-cranial fragments

Dilophosaurus sinensis specimen

Now included in Sinosaurus

Panguraptor95P. lufengensis96Yunnan97
  • Dull Purplish Beds98
  • Partial skeleton99
A coelophysid

Cynodonts

Cynodonts reported from the Lufeng Formation
GenusSpeciesLocationStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImages
Bienotherium
  • B. yuannanese
  • B. magnum
A tritylodontid
DianzhongiaD. longirostrataA tritylodontid
Hadrocodium100

H. wui101

Yunnan102

  • Dark Red Beds
SkullOne of the oldest and smallest mammaliaforms known. Indicates a correlation between the separation of the middle ear bones from the mandible and the expanded brain vault in early mammals.103
LufengiaL. delicataA tritylodontid
Morganucodon
  • M. oehleri
  • M. heikuopengensis
Zhangjiawa Member (M. heikuopengensis)

Shawan Member (M. oehleri)

A morganucodontan
SinoconodonS. rigneyiZhangjiawa MemberA mammaliamorph closely related to Mammaliaformes
Yunnanodon104105

Y. brevirostre106

Yunnan107

  • Dark Red Beds
A tritylodontid

See also

Bibliography

  • Barrett, P.M.; Xu X. (2005). "Reassessment of Dianchungosaurus lufengensis Yang, 1982, an enigmatic reptile from the Lower Lufeng Formation (Lower Jurassic) of Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China". Journal of Paleontology. 79 (5): 981–986. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079[0981:ARODLY]2.0.CO;2.
  • Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. 861 pp. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.

References

  1. Luo, Z., and X.-C. Wu. 1994. The small tetrapods of the Lower Lufeng Formation, Yunnan, China; pp. 251–270 in N. C. Fraser and H.-D.Sues (eds.), In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs. Cambridge University Press, New York ↩

  2. Weishampel, et al. 2004. ↩

  3. Jones MEH. 2006 The Early Jurassic clevosaurs from China (Diapsida: Lepidosauria). New Mex. Museum Nat. Hist. Sci. Bull. 37, 548–562. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230865919_The_Early_Jurassic_clevosaurs_from_China_Diapsida_Lepidosauria ↩

  4. Jones MEH. 2006 The Early Jurassic clevosaurs from China (Diapsida: Lepidosauria). New Mex. Museum Nat. Hist. Sci. Bull. 37, 548–562. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230865919_The_Early_Jurassic_clevosaurs_from_China_Diapsida_Lepidosauria ↩

  5. Jones MEH. 2006 The Early Jurassic clevosaurs from China (Diapsida: Lepidosauria). New Mex. Museum Nat. Hist. Sci. Bull. 37, 548–562. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230865919_The_Early_Jurassic_clevosaurs_from_China_Diapsida_Lepidosauria ↩

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  12. Raven, Thomas J.; Barrett, Paul M.; Xu, Xing; Maidment, Susannah C.R. (2019). "A reassessment of the purported ankylosaurian dinosaur Bienosaurus lufengensis from the Lower Lufeng Formation of Yunnan, China". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 64 (2): 335–342. doi:10.4202/app.00577.2018. hdl:10141/622543. https://nhm.openrepository.com/handle/10141/622543 ↩

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  22. Junchang, Lü; Kobayashi, Yoshitsugu; Tianguang, Li; Shimin, Zhong (2010). "A New Basal Sauropod Dinosaur from the Lufeng Basin, Yunnan Province, Southwestern China". Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition). 84 (6): 1336–1342. Bibcode:2010AcGlS..84.1336L. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00332.x. http://www.geojournals.cn/dzxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=201006003&flag=1 ↩

  23. Junchang, Lü; Kobayashi, Yoshitsugu; Tianguang, Li; Shimin, Zhong (2010). "A New Basal Sauropod Dinosaur from the Lufeng Basin, Yunnan Province, Southwestern China". Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition). 84 (6): 1336–1342. Bibcode:2010AcGlS..84.1336L. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00332.x. http://www.geojournals.cn/dzxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=201006003&flag=1 ↩

  24. Junchang, Lü; Kobayashi, Yoshitsugu; Tianguang, Li; Shimin, Zhong (2010). "A New Basal Sauropod Dinosaur from the Lufeng Basin, Yunnan Province, Southwestern China". Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition). 84 (6): 1336–1342. Bibcode:2010AcGlS..84.1336L. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00332.x. http://www.geojournals.cn/dzxben/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=201006003&flag=1 ↩

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