MPEG-1 Audio Layer I, commonly abbreviated to MP1, is a lossy audio codec and one of three audio formats included in the MPEG-1 standard. For files only containing MP1 audio, the file extension .mp1 is used.
It is a deliberately simplified version of MPEG-1 Audio Layer II (MP2), created for applications where lower compression efficiency could be tolerated in return for a less complex algorithm that could be executed with simpler hardware requirements. While supported by most media players, the codec is considered largely obsolete due to wider acceptance of the more complex MPEG-1 Audio Layer II and Layer III (MP3) MPEG-1 codecs.
A limited version of MPEG-1 layer I was also used by the Digital Compact Cassette format, in the form of the PASC (Precision Adaptive Subband Coding) audio compression codec. The bit rate of PASC was fixed at 384 kilobits per second, and when encoding audio at a sample frequency of 44.1 kHz, PASC regards the padding slots as 'dummy' and sets them to zero, whereas the ISO/IEC 11172-3 standard uses them to store data.
Specification
MPEG-1 Layer I is defined in ISO/IEC 11172-3, the first version of which was published in 1993.
- Sampling rates: 32, 44.1 and 48 kHz
- Bitrates: 32, 64, 96, 128, 160, 192, 224, 256, 288, 320, 352, 384, 416 and 448 kbit/s2
An extension has been provided in MPEG-2 Layer I and is defined in ISO/IEC 13818-3, which first version was published in 1995.
- Additional sampling rates: 16, 22.05 and 24 kHz
- Additional bitrates: 48, 56, 80, 112, 144 and 176 kbit/s3
MP1 uses a comparatively simple sub-band coding, using 32 sub-bands.4
External links
- Official website
- Sub-Band Coding: A description of sub-band coding, including an overview of the MP1 codec.
References
"Philips DCC System Description Draft". Archive.org. Philips Consumer Electronics B.V. September 1994. Retrieved 14 April 2021. The padding bit [...] indicates whether the current frame has a 'dummy' slot https://archive.org/details/philips-dcc-system-description-draft/page/n91/mode/1up ↩
"MPEG Audio Frame Header". 2003-08-03. Archived from the original on 2015-02-08. Retrieved 2009-05-29. https://web.archive.org/web/20150208104604/http://www.mpgedit.org/mpgedit/mpeg_format/mpeghdr.htm ↩
"MPEG Audio Frame Header". 2003-08-03. Archived from the original on 2015-02-08. Retrieved 2009-05-29. https://web.archive.org/web/20150208104604/http://www.mpgedit.org/mpgedit/mpeg_format/mpeghdr.htm ↩
"MPEG-1 audio layer 1". TheFreeDictionary.com. https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/MPEG-1+audio+layer+1 ↩