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Moon tree
Tree grown from one of the 500 seeds taken into orbit around the Moon by Stuart Roosa during the Apollo 14 mission in 1971

Moon trees are trees grown from seeds taken into orbit around the Moon, initially by Apollo 14 in 1971, and later by Artemis I in 2022. The idea was first proposed by Edward P. Cliff, then the Chief of the United States Forest Service, who convinced Stuart Roosa, the Command Module Pilot on the Apollo 14 mission, to bring a small canister containing about 500 seeds aboard the module in 1971. Seeds for the experiment were chosen from five species of tree: loblolly pine, sycamore, sweetgum, redwood, and Douglas fir. In 2022, NASA announced it would be reviving the Moon tree program by carrying 1,000 seeds aboard Artemis I.

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History

After the flight, the seeds were sent to the southern Forest Service station in Gulfport, Mississippi, and to the western station in Placerville, California, with the intent to germinate them.5 Nearly all the seeds germinated successfully, and after a few years, the Forest Service had about 420 seedlings. Some of these were planted alongside their Earth-bound counterparts, which were specifically set aside as controls. After more than 40 years, there was no discernible difference between the two classes of trees. Most of the Moon trees were given away in 1975 and 1976 to state forestry organizations, in order to be planted as part of the nation's bicentennial celebration. Since the trees were all of southern or western species, not all states received trees. A Loblolly Pine was planted at the White House, and trees were planted in Brazil, Switzerland, and presented to Emperor Hirohito, among others.6

The locations of many of the trees that were planted from these seeds were largely unknown for decades. In 1996, a third-grade teacher, Joan Goble, and her students found a tree in their local area with a plaque identifying it as a Moon tree. Goble sent an email to NASA, and reached employee Dave Williams. Williams was unaware of the trees' existence, as were most of his colleagues at NASA. Upon doing some research, Williams found some old newspaper clippings that described the initial actions taken by Roosa to bring these seeds to space and home to be planted.7

Williams posted a page on NASA's official website asking for public help to find the trees. The page also contained a table listing the locations and species of known Moon trees. Williams began to hear from people around the United States who had seen trees with plaques identifying them as Moon trees. Williams began to manage a database listing details about such trees, including their location and species. In 2011, an article in Wired magazine described the effort, and provided Williams' email address, encouraging anyone to write who might have data on existing Moon trees.8 As of 2022, efforts were continuing to identify and locate existing trees;9 the NASA page remains active.10

In March 2021, the Royal Astronomical Society and the UK Space Agency asked for the help of the public to identify up to 15 Moon Trees that may be growing in the United Kingdom. As of April 2021, none of the trees that supposedly came to the UK have been identified.11

Current efforts

The Moon Tree Foundation is an organization run by Roosa's daughter, Rosemary, which seeks to plant Moon trees in regions around the world. The foundation sponsors and hosts ceremonies to plant new trees, with seeds produced by the original generation of trees that grew from the seeds carried by Roosa in 1971.12

Apollo Moon Tree Locations

Table key
†Indicates a tree that is no longer alive.
‡Indicates the exact date of planting is unknown.

United States

CityStateLocationSpeciesDate plantedRef.
Salem OregonPrivate Residence2 Douglas Firs1973 ‡
Wiggins MississippiGirl Scouts Camp Iti KanaSycamore1974 ‡13
Starkville MississippiDorman Hall, Mississippi State UniversitySycamore1975 ‡14
Philadelphia PennsylvaniaWashington Square ParkSycamore †May 6, 197515
Bethesda MarylandSociety of American ForestersLoblolly PineSeptember 30, 197516
Princeton West VirginiaUSDA Forestry Sciences LaboratorySycamoreOctober 18, 197517
Fort Smith ArkansasSebastian County CourthouseLoblolly PineMarch 15, 197618
Little Rock ArkansasForestry Commission HeadquartersLoblolly Pine †March 15, 197619
Monticello ArkansasUniversity of Arkansas at MonticelloLoblolly Pine †March 15, 197620
Washington ArkansasHistoric Washington State ParkLoblolly PineMarch 15, 197621
Asheville North CarolinaBotanical Gardens at AshevilleSycamoreMarch 19, 197622
College Station TexasD. A. "Andy" Anderson ArboretumSycamore †March 21, 197623
Birmingham AlabamaBirmingham Botanical Gardens, near Lane ParkSycamoreApril 1976 ‡24
Montgomery AlabamaAlabama State Capitol BuildingLoblolly PineApril 1976 ‡25
North Pembroke MassachusettsPembroke Historical SocietySycamore †April 1976 ‡26
Elmer LouisianaPalustris Experiment Station, Kisatchie National ForestLoblolly PineApril 1976 ‡27
Knoxville TennesseeForestry Experiment Station, University of TennesseeLoblolly PineApril 1976 ‡28
Sewanee TennesseeWoods Laboratories, University of the SouthSycamoreApril 1976 ‡29
Elizabethton TennesseeFort Watauga, Sycamore Shoals State Historic AreaSycamore †April 1976 ‡30
Tullahoma TennesseeArnold Air Force BaseLoblolly Pine †April 1976 ‡31
Olympia WashingtonWashington State Capitol BuildingDouglas FirApril 1976 ‡32
Albuquerque New MexicoHarry E. Kinney Civic PlazaDouglas Fir †April 7, 197633
Indianapolis IndianaIndiana StatehouseSycamoreApril 9, 197634
Lansing MichiganMichigan State Capitol BuildingSycamore †April 22, 197635
Wyoming MichiganWyoming Police DepartmentSycamore †April 23, 197636
Niles MichiganFernwood Botanical Gardens and Nature PreserveSycamoreApril 23, 197637
Salt Lake City UtahUtah State Capitol BuildingDouglas Fir †April 28, 197638
Flagstaff ArizonaFrances Short Pond, formerly Flagstaff Junior High SchoolDouglas Fir †April 30, 197639
Tucson ArizonaKuiper Space Sciences Building, University of ArizonaSycamoreApril 30, 197640
Des Moines IowaIowa State Capitol BuildingSycamoreApril 30, 197641
Middletown PennsylvaniaCore Creek ParkSycamoreApril 30, 197642
Salem OregonOregon State Capitol BuildingDouglas FirApril 30, 197643
Hampton VirginiaAlbert W. Patrick III, Elementary SchoolSycamoreApril 30, 197644
Arcata CaliforniaCalifornia State Polytechnic University, Humboldt3 RedwoodsMay 1976 ‡45
Athens GeorgiaAthens-Clarke County Planning DepartmentLoblolly PineMay 1976 ‡46
Lincoln City IndianaLincoln State ParkSycamoreMay 1, 197647
Roseburg OregonRoseburg Veteran Affairs Medical CenterDouglas FirMay 3, 197648
Hollidaysburg PennsylvaniaHighland HallSycamoreMay 5, 197649
Boise IdahoIdaho State Capitol BuildingDouglas Fir †May 7, 197650
Capitan New MexicoSmokey Bear State ParkSycamore †May 15, 197651
Topton PennsylvaniaBorough HallSycamoreJune 20, 197652
Cape Canaveral FloridaKennedy Space CenterSycamore †June 25, 197653
Ebensburg PennsylvaniaCambria County CourthouseSycamoreJune 29, 197654
King of Prussia PennsylvaniaLockheed Martin Space Systems BuildingSycamoreJune 30, 197655
Missoula MontanaUniversity Center Mall, University of MontanaDouglas FirJuly 17, 197656
New Orleans LouisianaNASA Michoud Assembly FacilityLoblolly Pine †July 20, 197657
Santa Fe New MexicoNew Mexico State Capitol BuildingDouglas FirJuly 22, 197658
Atchison KansasInternational Forest of FriendshipSycamoreJuly 24, 197659
Berkeley CaliforniaNorthwest area of Tilden Nature Area2 RedwoodsJuly 26, 197660
Monterey CaliforniaFriendly Plaza, near Colton HallRedwoodJuly 27, 197661
Steubenville OhioFriendship ParkSycamoreJuly 29, 197662
San Luis Obispo CaliforniaMission PlazaRedwoodJuly 30, 197663
Troy AlabamaPioneer Museum of AlabamaLoblolly PineAugust 5, 197664
Silver City New MexicoGough ParkSycamoreAugust 14, 197665
Alamogordo New MexicoNew Mexico Museum of Space HistorySycamore †October 5, 197666
Brevard North CarolinaCradle of Forestry, Pisgah National ForestSycamoreOctober 18, 197667
Tuscumbia AlabamaIvy Green, historic monument and birthplace of Helen KellerLoblolly PineOctober 19, 197668
Auburn AlabamaG.W. Andrews Forestry Sciences Lab, Auburn UniversityLoblolly Pine †October 22, 197669
Huntsville AlabamaU.S. Space and Rocket Center5 Sycamores, 2 Pines *October 29, 197670
Tuskegee AlabamaVeteran Affairs Hospital (CAVHCS)Loblolly Pine †1976 ‡71
Sacramento CaliforniaCalifornia State Capitol BuildingRedwoodApril 21, 197672
El Dorado Hills CaliforniaSt. Stephen's Lutheran ChurchRedwood †1976 ‡73
Tallahassee FloridaFlorida Department of AgricultureLoblolly Pine1976 ‡74
Waycross GeorgiaOkefenokee Regional Educational Service AgencyLoblolly Pine1976 ‡75
Cannelton IndianaGirl Scouts Camp KochSycamore1976 ‡76
Tell City IndianaHoosier National Forest Service Office2 Sweetgums1976 ‡77
Monmouth New JerseyMonmouth County CourthouseSycamore †1976 ‡78
Clyde North CarolinaDisc Golf Course, Haywood Community CollegeSycamore1976 ‡79
Draper UtahLone Peak Conservation CenterSycamore1976 ‡80
Columbus OhioFranklin Park ConservatorySycamore †1976 ‡81
Corvallis OregonPeavy Hall, Oregon State UniversityDouglas Fir1976 ‡82
Cave Junction OregonSiskiyou Smokejumper Base, Illinois Valley AirportDouglas Fir †1976 ‡83
Eugene OregonErb Memorial Union, University of OregonDouglas Fir1976 ‡84
Doswell VirginiaKings Dominion Amusement Park2 Sycamores (1 dead)1976 ‡85
Washington, D.C. District of ColumbiaRose Garden, White HouseLoblolly Pine †January 19, 197786
San Dimas CaliforniaSan Dimas Technology and Development CenterRedwoodMarch 29, 197787
Gainesville FloridaUniversity of FloridaSycamore1977 ‡88
Boise IdahoLowell Elementary SchoolLoblolly Pine1977 ‡89
Greenbelt MarylandGoddard Space Flight CenterSycamoreJune 9, 197790
Perry FloridaForest Capital Museum State ParkLoblolly PineApril 29, 197891
Hamilton VirginiaScott Jenkins Memorial ParkSweetgumSeptember 1978 ‡92
Westlake TexasPrivate ResidenceSycamore1978 ‡93
Lockeford CaliforniaLockeford Plant Materials CenterRedwood1979 ‡94
Dillsburg PennsylvaniaDillsburg Elementary SchoolSycamoreApril 29, 198395
New Orleans LouisianaNew Orleans River WalkLoblolly Pine †June 1983 ‡96
Holliston MassachusettsHolliston Police StationSycamore1982 ‡97
Keystone Heights FloridaKeystone Heights LibrarySycamore1984 ‡98
Plano TexasPlano Senior High SchoolSycamore †November 4, 200999
Tallahassee FloridaCascades ParkSycamoreUnknown ‡100
Moscow IdahoAdministration Building, University of IdahoSycamore †Unknown ‡101
Waynesboro MississippiForestry Commission NurserySycamoreUnknown ‡102
DeSoto MissouriWalthers ParkSycamoreUnknown ‡103
Elkton OregonD.L. Phipps State Forest NurseryDouglas FirUnknown ‡104
Coudersport PennsylvaniaCoudersport Area Recreational ParkSycamoreUnknown ‡105
Piedmont South CarolinaPrivate ResidenceSycamoreUnknown ‡106

Other countries

CityCountryLocationSpeciesDate plantedRef.
Brasília BrazilInstitute for Environment and Natural Renewable ResourcesSweetgumJanuary 14, 1980107
Santa Rosa BrazilSoybean Fairgrounds, Parque Municipal de ExposiçõesRedwoodAugust 18, 1981108
Cambará do Sul BrazilSt. Joseph Central SquareRedwoodSeptember 26, 1982109

Artemis Moon Tree Locations

Distribution of Artemis moon trees began in the spring of 2024.110

United States

CityStateLocationSpeciesDate plantedRef.
Raleigh North CarolinaNorth Carolina Executive MansionLoblolly PineApril 24, 2024111
Mount Gilead North CarolinaMount Gilead Community GardenLoblolly PineJune 3, 2024112
New Canaan ConnecticutSouth Elementary SchoolSycamoreApril 27, 2024113
Shelbyville KentuckyCollins High SchoolSycamore or SweetgumMay 10, 2024114115
New Paltz New YorkSUNY CampusSweetgumMay 23, 2024116117
Manchester New HampshireBarnstead Elementary SchoolSycamoreMay 24, 2024118
Tecumseh KansasTecumseh South Elementary SchoolSweetgumMay 28, 2024119120
Cedar Rapids IowaMetro High SchoolSycamoreMay 30, 2024121
Washington, D.C. District of ColumbiaU.S. Capital Building groundsSweetgumJune 4, 2024122
Menomonie WisconsinRassbach MuseumSycamoreJune 2024123
Green Cove Springs FloridaUF IFAS Clay County Extension OfficeLoblolly PineAugust 22, 2024124
Pittsburgh PennsylvaniaAllegheny Observatory, Riverside ParkSweetgumOctober 3, 2024125
Young Harris GeorgiaYoung Harris CollegeLoblolly PineOctober 29, 2024126
West Windsor New JerseyWest Windsor-Plainsboro High School SouthSweetgum2024127128
Huntsville AlabamaMonte Sano State ParkLoblolly PineMarch 20, 2025129

See also

References

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  2. "Race Against Time to Find Apollo 14's Lost Voyagers: 'Moon Trees'". Science Daily. February 10, 2011. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/02/110209171139.htm ↩

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  7. We Almost Forgot About the Moon Trees: A collection of tree seeds that went round and round the moon was scattered far and wide back home, by Marina Koren. The seeds orbited the Moon, but were not landed on it. The Atlantic, January 31, 2022. https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2022/01/nasa-moon-trees-apollo/621395/ ↩

  8. The Mystery of the Missing Moon Trees: 15 years after NASA astronomer David Williams started searching for them, hundreds of trees grown from space-faring seeds are still missing. The moon trees, whose seeds circled the moon 34 times in Apollo 14 astronaut Stuart Roosa‘s pocket, were welcomed back to Earth with great fanfare in 1971. February 10, 2011, wired.com. https://www.wired.com/2011/02/moon-trees/ ↩

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