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OSAM-1
NASA Spacecraft

OSAM-1 (On-orbit Servicing, Assembly, and Manufacturing 1) was a NASA mission concept from 2016 to 2024 aimed at demonstrating on-orbit refueling of satellites, specifically targeting the Landsat 7 satellite launched in 1999. Planned to launch no earlier than 2026, OSAM-1 would have used robotic arms to access and refuel Landsat 7 with hydrazine fuel, despite the satellite not being designed for servicing. This ambitious project sought to extend satellite lifespans by overcoming the challenges of refueling dormant spacecraft. Additionally, a secondary mission added in 2020 involved deploying the SPIDER robot to autonomously build new structures in space, marking a significant step toward on-orbit assembly and manufacturing. However, the program was cancelled in 2024, ending plans for this pioneering effort.

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Description

The OSAM-1 spacecraft was to include:

  • two arms to grapple the target satellite;
  • the attached payload for SPIDER.

History

In 2016, NASA's Restore-L satellite was intended to refuel Landsat 7.10

In 2020, SPIDER was added and the name was changed from Restore-L to OSAM-1.

In Feb 2022, OSAM-1 passed its Critical Design Review.11

On 04 Sept 2023, NASA notified Congress of their intent to cancel OSAM-1.12

On 20 Sept 2023 the satellite bus arrived at NASA Goddard from Maxar.13

On 1 March 2024, NASA announced that OSAM-1 had been cancelled due to "continued technical, cost, and schedule challenges, and a broader community evolution away from refueling unprepared spacecraft."14

Cost & legacy

OSAM-1 was funded by NASA’s Space Technology Mission Directorate through its Technology Demonstration Missions program.15

At cancellation in 2024, about $2 billion had been invested in the project.16

Progression

A subsequent mission, OSAM-2, would have also had two robotic arms.17 OSAM-2 would have used ModuLink software which is based on xLink.18 In 2023, NASA decided to conclude the OSAM-2 project without proceeding to a flight demonstration.19

See also

References

  1. Kleiner, Kurt (24 February 2022). "Orbiting robots could help fix and fuel satellites in space". Knowable Magazine. doi:10.1146/knowable-022422-1. S2CID 247119849. Retrieved 10 March 2022. https://knowablemagazine.org/article/technology/2022/space-robots-promise-fix-and-fuel-satellites ↩

  2. Henshaw, Carl Glen; Glassner, Samantha; Naasz, Bo; Roberts, Brian (3 May 2022). "Grappling Spacecraft". Annual Review of Control, Robotics, and Autonomous Systems. 5: 137–159. doi:10.1146/annurev-control-042920-011106. ISSN 2573-5144. S2CID 242628083. Retrieved 10 March 2022. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-control-042920-011106 ↩

  3. "OSAM-1 Mission". NASA. Retrieved 10 March 2022. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. https://nexis.gsfc.nasa.gov/osam-1.html ↩

  4. Hall, Loura (22 June 2016). "NASA's Restore-L Mission to Refuel Landsat 7, Demonstrate Technologies". NASA. Retrieved 10 March 2022. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-s-restore-l-mission-to-refuel-landsat-7-demonstrate-crosscutting-technologies ↩

  5. "OSAM-1: Proving Satellite Servicing—Starting with Landsat 7". Goddard Space Flight Center. NASA. 26 August 2022. Retrieved 5 December 2023. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. https://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov/article/osam-1-proving-satellite-servicing-starting-with-landsat-7/ ↩

  6. Kleiner, Kurt (24 February 2022). "Orbiting robots could help fix and fuel satellites in space". Knowable Magazine. doi:10.1146/knowable-022422-1. S2CID 247119849. Retrieved 10 March 2022. https://knowablemagazine.org/article/technology/2022/space-robots-promise-fix-and-fuel-satellites ↩

  7. Kleiner, Kurt (24 February 2022). "Orbiting robots could help fix and fuel satellites in space". Knowable Magazine. doi:10.1146/knowable-022422-1. S2CID 247119849. Retrieved 10 March 2022. https://knowablemagazine.org/article/technology/2022/space-robots-promise-fix-and-fuel-satellites ↩

  8. Henshaw, Carl Glen; Glassner, Samantha; Naasz, Bo; Roberts, Brian (3 May 2022). "Grappling Spacecraft". Annual Review of Control, Robotics, and Autonomous Systems. 5: 137–159. doi:10.1146/annurev-control-042920-011106. ISSN 2573-5144. S2CID 242628083. Retrieved 10 March 2022. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-control-042920-011106 ↩

  9. Kleiner, Kurt (24 February 2022). "Orbiting robots could help fix and fuel satellites in space". Knowable Magazine. doi:10.1146/knowable-022422-1. S2CID 247119849. Retrieved 10 March 2022. https://knowablemagazine.org/article/technology/2022/space-robots-promise-fix-and-fuel-satellites ↩

  10. Hall, Loura (22 June 2016). "NASA's Restore-L Mission to Refuel Landsat 7, Demonstrate Technologies". NASA. Retrieved 10 March 2022. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-s-restore-l-mission-to-refuel-landsat-7-demonstrate-crosscutting-technologies ↩

  11. https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/goddard/nasas-robotic-osam-1-mission-completes-its-critical-design-review/ https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/goddard/nasas-robotic-osam-1-mission-completes-its-critical-design-review/ ↩

  12. Announcement from NASA Headquarters https://www.nasa.gov/mission/on-orbit-servicing-assembly-and-manufacturing-1/ ↩

  13. Spacecraft Bus for Satellite Servicing Mission Arrives at NASA Goddard https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/spacecraft-bus-for-satellite-servicing-mission-arrives-at-nasa-goddard/ ↩

  14. Foust, Jeff (1 March 2024). "NASA cancels OSAM-1 satellite servicing technology mission". SpaceNews. Retrieved 2 March 2024. https://spacenews.com/nasa-cancels-osam-1-satellite-servicing-technology-mission/ ↩

  15. https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/goddard/nasas-robotic-osam-1-mission-completes-its-critical-design-review/ https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/goddard/nasas-robotic-osam-1-mission-completes-its-critical-design-review/ ↩

  16. Oxford, Clarence (3 March 2024). "NASA Ends $2 Billion Satellite Refueling Project Amid Challenges". Space Daily. Retrieved 17 March 2024. https://www.spacedaily.com/reports/NASA_Ends_2_Billion_Satellite_Refueling_Project_Amid_Challenges_999.html ↩

  17. "Motiv Space Systems and Blue Origin announce ModuLink". Space War. 10 March 2022. Retrieved 17 March 2024. https://www.spacewar.com/reports/Motiv_Space_Systems_and_Blue_Origin_announce_ModuLink_999.html ↩

  18. "Motiv Space Systems and Blue Origin announce ModuLink". Space War. 10 March 2022. Retrieved 17 March 2024. https://www.spacewar.com/reports/Motiv_Space_Systems_and_Blue_Origin_announce_ModuLink_999.html ↩

  19. "On-Orbit Servicing, Assembly, and Manufacturing 2 (OSAM-2)". NASA. 30 October 2023. Retrieved 17 March 2024. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. https://www.nasa.gov/mission/on-orbit-servicing-assembly-and-manufacturing-2-osam-2/ ↩