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Opal Storage Specification
Data storage device security specification

The Opal Storage Specification is a set of specifications for features of data storage devices (such as hard disk drives and solid state drives) that enhance their security. For example, it defines a way of encrypting the stored data so that an unauthorized person who gains possession of the device cannot see the data. That is, it is a specification for self-encrypting drives (SED).

The specification is published by the Trusted Computing Group Storage Workgroup.

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Overview

The Opal SSC (Security Subsystem Class) is an implementation profile for Storage Devices built to:

  • Protect the confidentiality of stored user data against unauthorized access once it leaves the owner's control (involving a power cycle and subsequent deauthentication).
  • Enable interoperability between multiple SD vendors.1

Functions

The Opal SSC encompasses these functions:

  • Security provider support
  • Interface communication protocol
  • Cryptographic features
  • Authentication
  • Table management
  • Access control and personalization
  • Issuance
  • SSC discovery

Features

  • Security Protocol 1 support
  • Security Protocol 2 support
  • Communications
  • Protocol stack reset commands

Security

Radboud University researchers indicated in November 2018 that some hardware-encrypted SSDs, including some Opal implementations, had security vulnerabilities.2

Implementers of SSC

Device companies

Storage controller companies

Software companies

Computer OEMs

References

  1. TCG Storage Security Subsystem Class: Opal Specification Version 2.01 Revision 1.00. Trusted Computing Group, Incorporated. 05 August 2015. Retrieved 2019-11-22. https://trustedcomputinggroup.org/wp-content/uploads/TCG_Storage-Opal_SSC_v2.01_rev1.00.pdf#page=12

  2. Meijer, Carlo; van Gastel, Bernard (19–23 May 2019). Self-Encrypting Deception: Weaknesses in the Encryption of Solid State Drives. 2019 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP). San Francisco, CA, USA: IEEE. pp. 72–87. doi:10.1109/SP.2019.00088. hdl:2066/207837. ISBN 978-1-5386-6660-9. ISSN 2375-1207. 978-1-5386-6660-9

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