Open Root Server Network (ORSN) was a network of Domain Name System root nameservers for the Internet. ORSN DNS root zone information was kept in synchronization with the "official" Domain Name System root nameservers coordinated by ICANN. The networks were 100% compatible, though ORSN was operated independently. The ORSN servers were primarily placed in Europe. ORSN is also used by public name servers, providing Domain Name System access freely for everyone, without any limitation until the project closed in May 2019.
ORSN was primarily started to reduce the over-dependence of Internet users on the United States and Department of Commerce/IANA/ICANN/VeriSign, limit the control over the Internet that this gives, while ensuring that domain names remain unambiguous. It also helps avoid the technical possibility of global "Internet shutdown" by one party. They also expect their network to make domain name resolutions faster for everyone.
Markus Grundmann, based in Germany, is the founder of ORSN, and author of ORSN distributed system management and monitoring software solution.
Paul Vixie, the main designer of BIND, the de facto standard software for DNS servers in UNIX-like operating systems, is a high-profile proponent of the ORSN. Paul Vixie is member of Security and Stability Advisory Committee of ICANN; he served on the board of trustees of the American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN) from 2005 to 2013, also as ARIN chairman in 2009 and 2010.
ORSN has two operating modes:
- ICANN BASED (default) operating mode involves daily synchronization, except that removed TLDs are not removed from the ORSN root.
- INDEPENDENT mode has no automatic synchronization and is activated "whenever the political situation of the world - in our opinion - makes this step necessary because the possibility of a modification and/or a downtime of the ICANN root zone exists or we do not want that our root zone will rebuild automatically."
Operating history
- ORSN operated from February 2002 until the end of 2008.6
- ORSN operated again from June 2013 until May 2019.7
Several Internet service providers in Europe used ORSN as a root for their name servers.
ORSN root nameservers
ORSN's root server system consisted of 13 root servers, a distributed system connected on a secure VPN, for synchronization and management. All of the 13 servers ran on FreeBSD and BIND. Monitoring and management daemon was developed by founder, Markus Grundmann.
| Letter | IP country | IPv4 address | IPv6 address | Operator / sponsor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | Austria | 185.29.88.82 | 2a00:a6a0:1:1::6:2 | XINON GmbH, St. Anna am Aigen, Austria |
| B | Poland | 91.206.27.66 | 2001:67c:2044:c139::53 | HosTeam S.C., Poznań, Poland |
| C | Germany | 178.19.70.8 | 2a01:440:1:f:178:19:70:8 | whTec, Oberhausen, Germany |
| D | Netherlands | 85.17.122.15 | 2001:1af8:40e0:a007:bbb:: | Mr. Ömer Canıtez |
| E | Denmark | Zen Systems A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark | ||
| F | Germany | 212.224.71.116 | 2a01:7e0:0:100:212:224:71:116 | First Colo GmbH, Munich, Germany |
| G | Greece | 193.93.165.1 | Association for the Development of West Athens (ASDA), Athens, Greece | |
| H | France | 188.165.175.112 | 2001:41d0:2:5a70::c0de | Mr. Péter Vámos, Budapest, Hungary |
| I | India | 180.149.57.12 | National Knowledge Network, New Delhi, India | |
| J | Germany | 188.138.82.98 | 3Q Medien GmbH, Potsdam, Germany | |
| K | Germany | 82.206.1.22 | 2001:4b88:9000:: | Titan Networks GmbH, Hofheim, Germany |
| L | Netherlands | 79.99.236.6 | JustNet GmbH, Baden, Switzerland | |
| M | Germany | 82.193.249.196 | Markus Grundmann, Founder of ORSN, Germany |
table data from ORSN Root Zone8 Version: 2015022600 ORSN Root Server Systems Technical Information
ORSN public DNS servers
ORSN public DNS servers were operated by the community of ORSN, providing Domain Name System access freely for everyone, without any limitation. It did not serve additional TLDs but only the regular ICANN TLDs. ORSN public DNS servers were intended to respect privacy and should not have logged usage, although these servers were run independently and there was no technical means by which ORSN could enforce this. Anyone was able to choose to run an OSRN public DNS server and submit it via web form. These DNS servers were an alternative option for users that did not have a local ORSN-ready server or in the case that the local ISP did not support the use of ORSN. All registered servers were monitored constantly, for availability and functionality. Most of these are Non-Operational including the availability website but a couple still work. 9
ORSN Public DNS data last updated on 18 October 2022. source: Official ORSN Public DNS live data and monitoring.
See also
External links
- ORSN Project Homepage
- ORSN Root Server Systems Technical Information
- Overview of the ORSN Public DNS Servers
- ORSN at ICANNwiki
References
"Under The Stairs: ORSN – European Open Root Server Network". September 19, 2006. https://tfl09.blogspot.com/2006/09/orsn-european-open-root-server-network.html ↩
"Why I Am Participating in the ORSN Project". www.circleid.com. http://www.circleid.com/posts/why_i_am_participating_in_the_orsn_project/ ↩
"Security and Stability Advisory Committee (SSAC) - ICANN". www.icann.org. https://www.icann.org/groups/ssac ↩
"Former Trustees". www.arin.net. https://www.arin.net/about/welcome/board/former/ ↩
ORSN FAQ http://www.orsn.org/faq.php ↩
Vixie, Paul (2008-10-23). "Open Root Server Network project shutdown by 31.12.2008 00:00 UTC". dns-operations (Mailing list). Retrieved 2008-10-23. /wiki/Paul_Vixie ↩
ORSN. "[...] the ORSN was again activated in June 2013". Retrieved 11 October 2013. http://www.orsn.org/en/ ↩
ORSN Root Hint (BIND) http://www.orsn.org/roothint/root-hint.txt ↩
Overview of the ORSN Public DNS Servers http://www.orsn.org/en/tech/pubdns/ ↩