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Plottier Formation

The Plottier Formation is a geologic formation that outcrops in the Argentine Patagonian provinces of Río Negro and Neuquén. It is the younger of two formations belonging to the Río Neuquén Subgroup within the Neuquén Group of the Neuquén Basin, with the oldest rocks dating from the late Coniacian and its youngest maybe from the very start of the Santonian. Formerly, that subgroup was treated as a formation, and the Plottier Formation was known as the Plottier Member.

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Description

A section near the Neuquén City airport, north of the town of Plottier, is the type locality of the Plottier Formation.2 At its base, this formation grades into the Portezuelo Formation, and it is in turn overlain conformably by the Bajo de la Carpa Formation, a unit of the Río Colorado Subgroup.

The Plottier Formation is the thinnest formation within the Neuquén Group, with a maximum thickness of only 25 metres (82 ft). It is differentiated from the underlying Portezuelo Formation primarily by its higher content of argillites (mud deposits) and was deposited under fluvial conditions. In 2006, a detailed lithostratigraphic and paleoecological study of a section of the Plottier Formation was published. This section contained alluvial deposits laid down by what was essentially a low-gradient wandering river throughout the millions of years, but often was of a single-channel type with little meandering.34

Fossil content

Color key
TaxonReclassified taxonTaxon falsely reported as presentDubious taxon or junior synonymIchnotaxonOotaxonMorphotaxon
Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Few animal fossils are known from this formation, including:5

Crocodyliformes

Crocodyliformes reported from the Plottier Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Crocodyliformes indet.6IndeterminateEl Anfiteatro
  • Seven osteoderms (MPCA-AT 251–257)
  • Right dentary fragment (MPCA-AT 75)
Resembles peirosaurids such as Peirosaurus and Uberabasuchus
Lomasuchus78L. palpebrosusEmbalse Cerros ColoradosSkull and partial mandibular ramusA peirosaurid, specimen originally claimed to originate from the Rio Colorado formation.
Mesoeucrocodylia indet.9IndeterminateYacimiento NarambuenaPartial skeleton (MAU-PV-N-280)Subadult specimen showing both derived and primitive traits
Peirosauridae indet.10IndeterminatePuesto HernándezPartial skeleton (MAU-Pv-PH-437)A peirosaurid

Dinosaurs

Ornithischians

A footprint track of an ornithopod is known from the Middle Loma de la Lata site.11

Ornithischians reported from the Plottier Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Ornithopoda indet.1213IndeterminateEl AnfiteatroA pedal ungual phalanx (MPCA-AT 261)An ornithopod roughly the size of Notohypsilophodon
IndeterminatePuesto Hernández quarryPartial dorsal neural arch (MAU-Pv-PH-458)An ornithopod similar to Macrogryphosaurus, estimated to be 6 meters long

Sauropods

12 footprint tracks of a sauropod are known from the site of Proyecto Dino.14

Sauropods reported from the Plottier Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Aeolosaurini indet.15IndeterminateYacimiento NarambuenaFour articulated caudal vertebrae (MAU-Pv-N-414)A titanosaur
Antarctosaurus16A. giganteusAguada del CañoPartial skeleton (MLP 26-316)A titanosaur
Muyelensaurus1718M. pecheniLoma del LinderoPartial skeleton & additional vertebraeA titanosaur, specimens originally thought to be from the Portezuelo Formation
Notocolossus1920N. gonzalezparejasiCerro GuillermoTwo partial skeletons (UNCUYO-LD 301 & UNCUYO-LD 302)A titanosaur
Petrobrasaurus21P. puestohernandeziRincón de los SaucesPartial skeletonA titanosaur
Sauropoda indet.2223Indeterminate5 kilometers north of PlottierPartial right tibia (MCF-PVPH-899)A sauropod
IndeterminateCerro GuillermoIncomplete skeleton (IANIGLA-PV.113)A sauropod
Titanosauria indet.2425IndeterminateEl AnfiteatroIncomplete dorsal vertebra (MPCA-AT 024)A large titanosaur
Indeterminate5 kilometers north of Plottier
  • Left femur and partial ribs (MCF-PVPH-889)
  • Right fibula (MCF-PVPH-900)
Remains of titanosaurs

Theropods

Theropods reported from the Plottier Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Abelisauridae indet.262728IndeterminateCañadon AmarilloToothAn abelisaur tooth formerly thought to be part of the holotype specimen of Aerosteon
IndeterminateEl AnfiteatroTooth (Endemas-PV 16)An abelisaur, tooth originally reported as that of a carcharodontosaurid in 2009 but reclassified in 2021
Alvarezsauria indet.29IndeterminateRincón de los SaucesRight femur (MAU-Pv-PH-453)An alvarezsaur
Brachyrostra indet.30IndeterminateLoma del LinderoVertebrae, teeth and possible sacrum (MAU-Pv-LL-75)An abelisaur
cf. Carcharodontosauridae31IndeterminateEl AnfiteatroTooth (Endemas-PV 16)Reclassified as an abelisaur tooth in 202132
Coelurosauria indet.33IndeterminateEl AnfiteatroTwo teeth (MPCA-AT 263 & 269)A coelurosaur
Maniraptoriformes indet. cf. Unenlagiinae34IndeterminateEl AnfiteatroTooth (Endemas-PV 15)Possible unenlagiine tooth, though more material is needed to confirm this
Theropoda indet.35IndeterminateEl AnfiteatroIncomplete caudal vertebra (MPCA-AT 082)A "moderately sized" theropod

Pterosaurs

Pterosaurs reported from the Plottier Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Thanatosdrakon36T. amaruAgua del Padrillo
  • Partial skeleton (UNCUYO-LD 307)
  • Left humerus (UNCUYO-LD 350)
An azhdarchid

Turtles

Turtles reported from the Plottier Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Chelidae? indet.37IndeterminateEl AnfiteatroPlastron plate (MPCA-AT 089)A chelid
Linderochelys38L. rinconensisLoma de LinderoPartial skeleton (MAU-PV-LL-69)A chelid, locality originally assigned to the Rio Neuquén Subgroup with no specific formation.
Rionegrochelys3940R. caldieroiEl AnfiteatroShell elementsA chelid, type specimen first reported as an indeterminate chelid in 2009

Invertebrates

There are also ichnofossils left on the river's mudflats, as well as fossil freshwater bivalves.41

Ostracods

Ostracods reported from the Plottier Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Cypridoidea indet.42IndeterminateZampalA few specimensA cypridoid
Ilyocypris43I. aff. bauruensisZampalA few moltsAn ilyocypridid
I. cf. riograndensisZampalAn ilyocypridid
I. wichmanniZampalAn ilyocypridid
Neocyprideis4445N.? sp.ZampalAn ilyocypridid
N. zampalensisBabilonia4 valvesAn ilyocypridid
Neuquenocypris4647N. calfucurensisBabilonia3 valve fragmentsAn ilyocypridid
N. cf. minorZampalAn ilyocypridid
N. nahuelniyuensisBabilonia6 valvesAn ilyocypridid
N. tenuipunctataBabilonia5 adult and 3 juvenile valvesAn ilyocypridid
Paralimnocythere48P.? sp.ZampalSeveral carapaces and valvesA limnocytherid
Talicyprideinae sp.49IndeterminateZampalVery scarce number of carapacesAn ilyocypridid
Vecticypris50V. sp.Babilonia2 valvesA limnocytherid
Wolburgiopsis51W. cf. neocretaceaZampalA limnocytherid

Plants

Plants reported from the Plottier Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Angiospermae? indet.52IndeterminateZampalA few seedsA possible angiosperm
Henrisporites53H. sp.ZampalAbundant megasporesA lycopod
Lychnothamnus54L. barbosaiZampalOver 400 microfossilsA stonewort
Nitella55N. sp.Zampal21 microfossilsA stonewort
Spermatites56S. sp. 1ZampalSeedsAn angiosperm
S. sp. 2ZampalSeedsAn angiosperm

See also

Bibliography

References

  1. Sánchez et al., 2006

  2. Fossa Mancini et al., 1938

  3. Leanza et al., 2004

  4. Sánchez et al., 2006

  5. Plottier Formation at Fossilworks.org https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?geological_group=Neuqu%E9n&formation=Plottier

  6. Salgado, Leonardo; Canudo, José I.; Garrido, Alberto C.; Ruiz-Omeñaca, José I.; García, Rodolfo A.; de la Fuente, Marcelo S.; Barco, José L.; Bollati, Raúl (2009-06-01). "Upper Cretaceous vertebrates from El Anfiteatro area, Río Negro, Patagonia, Argentina". Cretaceous Research. 30 (3): 767–784. Bibcode:2009CrRes..30..767S. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2009.01.001. ISSN 0195-6671. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0195667109000032

  7. Gasparini, Zulma; Chiappe, Luis M.; Fernandez, Marta (1991-09-30). "A new Senonian peirosaurid (Crocodylomorpha) from Argentina and a synopsis of the South American Cretaceous crocodilians". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 11 (3): 316–333. Bibcode:1991JVPal..11..316G. doi:10.1080/02724634.1991.10011401. ISSN 0272-4634. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254313755

  8. Diego Pol & Zulma Brandoni de Gasparini (2007). "Crocodyliformes". In: Patagonian Mesozoic Reptiles. Gasparini, Z., Coria, R., & Salgado, L. (Eds.). Indiana University Press: 116–142. ISBN 978-0-253-34857-9. 978-0-253-34857-9

  9. Arcucci, Andrea (2011-01-01). "Un nuevo Mesoeucrocodylia cretácico del norte de la Cuenca Neuquina, Argentina". Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia. 14 (1): 51–60. doi:10.4072/rbp.2011.1.05. https://www.academia.edu/83702584

  10. Filippi, Leonardo Sebastián; Cerda, Ignacio Alejandro; Garrido, Alberto Carlos (February 2013). "Morfología e Histología de Osteodermos de Un Peirosauridae De La Cuenca Neuquina". Ameghiniana. 50 (1): 3–13. doi:10.5710/AMGH.8.6.2012.430. hdl:11336/79259. ISSN 0002-7014. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259569701

  11. Calvo, Jorge O.; Rivera, Cynthia; Avila, Laura (2021-10-01). "An overview of Upper Cretaceous dinosaur tracks and other trace fossils from the Barreales lake area, Neuquén Province, Patagonia, Argentina". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 110: 103375. Bibcode:2021JSAES.11003375C. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103375. ISSN 0895-9811. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0895981121002224

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  13. Cruzado-Caballero, Penélope; Filippi, Leonardo S.; Méndez, Ariel H.; Garrido, Alberto C.; Juárez Valieri, Rubén D. (2016-04-01). "New record of ornithopod dinosaur from the Plottier Formation (Upper Cretaceous), Patagonia, Argentina". Annales de Paléontologie. 102 (2): 145–150. Bibcode:2016AnPal.102..145C. doi:10.1016/j.annpal.2016.02.003. hdl:11336/62352. ISSN 0753-3969. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0753396916300064

  14. Calvo, Jorge O.; Rivera, Cynthia; Avila, Laura (2021-10-01). "An overview of Upper Cretaceous dinosaur tracks and other trace fossils from the Barreales lake area, Neuquén Province, Patagonia, Argentina". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 110: 103375. Bibcode:2021JSAES.11003375C. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103375. ISSN 0895-9811. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0895981121002224

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  16. Otero, Alejandro; Reguero, Marcelo (2023-03-06). "Dinosaurs (Reptilia, Archosauria) at Museo de La Plata, Argentina: annotated catalogue of the type material and Antarctic specimens". Palaeontologia Electronica. 16 (1): 1–24. doi:10.26879/352. hdl:11336/13790. ISSN 1094-8074. https://palaeo-electronica.org/content/2013-technical/410-museo-de-la-plata-catalogue

  17. Porfiri, Juan (2000-01-01). "A New Titanosaur Sauropod from the Late Cretaceous of Neuquén, Patagonia, Argentina". Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro. 65 (4): 485–504. https://www.academia.edu/59692568

  18. Bellardini, Flavio; Baiano, Mattia A.; Barrios, Francisco; Holgado, Borja; Coria, Rodolfo A. (January 2018). "New Titanosauria (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) remains from the Upper Cretaceous (Plottier Fm) of the southern Neuquén Basin (Patagonia, Argentina)". Journal of Iberian Geology. 44 (1): 75–84. Bibcode:2018JIbG...44...75B. doi:10.1007/s41513-018-0047-5. hdl:11336/83306. ISSN 1698-6180. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322804790

  19. González Riga, Bernardo J.; Lamanna, Matthew C.; Ortiz David, Leonardo D.; Calvo, Jorge O.; Coria, Juan P. (2016-01-18). "A gigantic new dinosaur from Argentina and the evolution of the sauropod hind foot". Scientific Reports. 6 (1): 19165. Bibcode:2016NatSR...619165G. doi:10.1038/srep19165. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4725985. PMID 26777391. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4725985

  20. Previtera, Elena (2019-05-31). "Taphonomic analysis of saurischian dinosaurs from the Plottier Formation (Upper Cretaceous), Mendoza, Argentina". Andean Geology. 46 (2): 345. doi:10.5027/andgeoV46n2-3161. hdl:11336/120760. ISSN 0718-7106. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333657838

  21. Filippi, L. S.; Canudo, J. I.; Salgado, J. L.; Garrido, A.; García, R.; Cerda, I. A.; Otero, A. (2011-05-06). "A new sauropod titanosaur from the Plottier Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of Patagonia (Argentina)". Geologica Acta (in Catalan). 9 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1344/105.000001648 (inactive 2024-11-03). ISSN 1696-5728.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235586462

  22. Bellardini, Flavio; Baiano, Mattia A.; Barrios, Francisco; Holgado, Borja; Coria, Rodolfo A. (January 2018). "New Titanosauria (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) remains from the Upper Cretaceous (Plottier Fm) of the southern Neuquén Basin (Patagonia, Argentina)". Journal of Iberian Geology. 44 (1): 75–84. Bibcode:2018JIbG...44...75B. doi:10.1007/s41513-018-0047-5. hdl:11336/83306. ISSN 1698-6180. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322804790

  23. Previtera, Elena (2019-05-31). "Taphonomic analysis of saurischian dinosaurs from the Plottier Formation (Upper Cretaceous), Mendoza, Argentina". Andean Geology. 46 (2): 345. doi:10.5027/andgeoV46n2-3161. hdl:11336/120760. ISSN 0718-7106. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333657838

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  25. Bellardini, Flavio; Baiano, Mattia A.; Barrios, Francisco; Holgado, Borja; Coria, Rodolfo A. (January 2018). "New Titanosauria (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) remains from the Upper Cretaceous (Plottier Fm) of the southern Neuquén Basin (Patagonia, Argentina)". Journal of Iberian Geology. 44 (1): 75–84. Bibcode:2018JIbG...44...75B. doi:10.1007/s41513-018-0047-5. hdl:11336/83306. ISSN 1698-6180. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322804790

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  27. Hendrickx, Christophe; Tschopp, Emanuel; Ezcurra, Martín d. (2020-04-01). "Taxonomic identification of isolated theropod teeth: The case of the shed tooth crown associated with Aerosteon (Theropoda: Megaraptora) and the dentition of Abelisauridae". Cretaceous Research. 108: 104312. Bibcode:2020CrRes.10804312H. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2019.104312. ISSN 0195-6671. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0195667118303860

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  32. Meso, J. G.; Juárez Valieri, R. D.; Porfiri, J. D.; Correa, S. A. S.; Martinelli, A. G.; Casal, G. A.; Canudo, J. I.; Poblete, F.; Dos Santos, D. (2021-09-01). "Testing the persistence of Carcharodontosauridae (Theropoda) in the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia based on dental evidence". Cretaceous Research. 125: 104875. Bibcode:2021CrRes.12504875M. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104875. hdl:11336/183886. ISSN 0195-6671. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0195667121001221

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  47. Kihn, R. G.; Calvo, J. O. (2001-01-01). "Ostracods and paleoambiental inferences in the Plottier Formation (Coniancian - Upper Cretaceous) of the Barreales Lake, Neuquén". Munis Entomology & Zoology. 17 (1): 434–442. ISSN 1306-3022. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358003987

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  50. Kihn, R. G.; Calvo, J. O. (2001-01-01). "Ostracods and paleoambiental inferences in the Plottier Formation (Coniancian - Upper Cretaceous) of the Barreales Lake, Neuquén". Munis Entomology & Zoology. 17 (1): 434–442. ISSN 1306-3022. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358003987

  51. Díaz Martínez, Enrique; Rábano, Isabel (2007). "Late Cretaceous non marine microfossils of the Plottier Formation (Cretaceous) at Zampal, Argentina". 4th european meeting on the palaeontology and stratigraphy of Latin America. Cuadernos del Museo Geominero. European meeting on the palaeontology and stratigraphy of Latin America. Madrid: Instituto geológico y minero de España. pp. 273–278. ISBN 978-84-7840-707-1. 978-84-7840-707-1

  52. Díaz Martínez, Enrique; Rábano, Isabel (2007). "Late Cretaceous non marine microfossils of the Plottier Formation (Cretaceous) at Zampal, Argentina". 4th european meeting on the palaeontology and stratigraphy of Latin America. Cuadernos del Museo Geominero. European meeting on the palaeontology and stratigraphy of Latin America. Madrid: Instituto geológico y minero de España. pp. 273–278. ISBN 978-84-7840-707-1. 978-84-7840-707-1

  53. Díaz Martínez, Enrique; Rábano, Isabel (2007). "Late Cretaceous non marine microfossils of the Plottier Formation (Cretaceous) at Zampal, Argentina". 4th european meeting on the palaeontology and stratigraphy of Latin America. Cuadernos del Museo Geominero. European meeting on the palaeontology and stratigraphy of Latin America. Madrid: Instituto geológico y minero de España. pp. 273–278. ISBN 978-84-7840-707-1. 978-84-7840-707-1

  54. Díaz Martínez, Enrique; Rábano, Isabel (2007). "Late Cretaceous non marine microfossils of the Plottier Formation (Cretaceous) at Zampal, Argentina". 4th european meeting on the palaeontology and stratigraphy of Latin America. Cuadernos del Museo Geominero. European meeting on the palaeontology and stratigraphy of Latin America. Madrid: Instituto geológico y minero de España. pp. 273–278. ISBN 978-84-7840-707-1. 978-84-7840-707-1

  55. Díaz Martínez, Enrique; Rábano, Isabel (2007). "Late Cretaceous non marine microfossils of the Plottier Formation (Cretaceous) at Zampal, Argentina". 4th european meeting on the palaeontology and stratigraphy of Latin America. Cuadernos del Museo Geominero. European meeting on the palaeontology and stratigraphy of Latin America. Madrid: Instituto geológico y minero de España. pp. 273–278. ISBN 978-84-7840-707-1. 978-84-7840-707-1

  56. Díaz Martínez, Enrique; Rábano, Isabel (2007). "Late Cretaceous non marine microfossils of the Plottier Formation (Cretaceous) at Zampal, Argentina". 4th european meeting on the palaeontology and stratigraphy of Latin America. Cuadernos del Museo Geominero. European meeting on the palaeontology and stratigraphy of Latin America. Madrid: Instituto geológico y minero de España. pp. 273–278. ISBN 978-84-7840-707-1. 978-84-7840-707-1