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Pretty Hate Machine
1989 studio album by Nine Inch Nails

Pretty Hate Machine is the debut studio album by the American industrial rock band Nine Inch Nails, released on October 20, 1989, by TVT Records. Frontman Trent Reznor performed most instruments and produced it alongside Keith LeBlanc, John Fryer, and Flood. The album blends synthesizer-driven electronic sounds with industrial and rock elements, exploring themes of angst, betrayal, and lovesickness. Promoted through singles like "Down in It," "Head Like a Hole," and "Sin," it reached No. 75 in the US and was later certified triple-platinum by the RIAA. The album remains critically acclaimed and was ranked number 453 on Rolling Stone's "500 Greatest Albums of All Time" list.

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Background

While working nights as a handyman and engineer at the Right Track Studio in Cleveland, Ohio, Reznor used studio "down-time" to record and develop his own music.1 Playing most of the keyboards, drum machines, guitars, and samplers himself, he recorded a demo. The sequencing was done on a Macintosh Plus.2 Reznor mainly used an E-mu Emax, Prophet VS, Oberheim Xpander, and Minimoog as synthesizers.3

With the help of manager John Malm Jr., he sent the demo to various record labels. Reznor received contract offers from many of the labels, but eventually signed with TVT Records, who were known mainly for releasing novelty and television jingle records. Pretty Hate Machine was recorded in various studios with Reznor collaborating with some of his most idolized producers: Flood, Keith LeBlanc, Adrian Sherwood, and John Fryer. Much like his recorded demo, Reznor refused to record the album with a conventional band, recording Pretty Hate Machine mostly by himself.

"A lot of it sounds immature to me now," he stated in 1991 of the recordings that were then two years old. "At first it totally sucked. I became completely withdrawn. I couldn't function in society very well. And the LP became a product of that. It's quite small scale, introverted, claustrophobic – that's the feel I went for."4

Reznor discussed the recording and touring of Pretty Hate Machine in the April 1990 issue of Keyboard. He used an E-mu Emax because it produced a high-end buzzing noise when transposing down sounds.5 Rough and first takes of vocals and guitar were used to contrast the quantized drums and bass.6 Reznor hated the factory sounds of the Emax but had not transferred anything from his old Emulator, and used samples from his record collection for all the drum sounds. He initially expected to use real drum sounds when recording the album, but in the end he and the producers merely equalized his drum samples.7

After the album was released, a recording known as Purest Feeling surfaced. The bootleg album contains early rehearsal recordings of many of the tracks featured on Pretty Hate Machine, as well as a couple that were not used ("Purest Feeling", "Maybe Just Once", and an instrumental introduction to "Sanctified" called "Slate").8 These early songs also featured Chris Vrenna (who initially played keyboards/samplers in the band) and original drummer Ron Musarra.9

Music and lyrics

Unlike the industrial music of Nine Inch Nails' contemporaries, Pretty Hate Machine displays catchy riffs and verse-chorus song structures rather than repetitive electronic beats.10 Reznor's lyrics express adolescent angst and feelings of betrayal by lovers, society, or God.11 Themes of despair are collocated with lovesick sentiments.12 Pitchfork's Tom Breihan categorized it as a synth-pop album that was shaped by industrial music's "nascent new-wave period rather than its subsequent styles."13 According to Breihan, the beats were muscular, but not in the vein of metal or post-punk, and that the most rock-inspired song on the album was "Head Like a Hole".14

Journalist Jon Pareles described the album as "electro-rock or industrial rock, using drum machines, computerized synthesizer riffs and obviously processed sounds to detail, and usually denounce, an artificial world."15 Tom Popson of the Chicago Tribune called it a dance album partly characterized by industrial dance's aggressive sound: "Reznor's electronics-plus-guitar LP also carries a brighter techno-pop element that might remind some of Depeche Mode. Things occasionally mellow out to moody atmospherics, while Reznor's vocals range from whispers to screams."16 Option magazine also characterized Reznor's sound as "industrial dance noise", referring to "Head Like a Hole" and "Terrible Lie" as "techno", but compared the "raspy, angry vocals" to David Lee Roth with "punk intentions".17 Billboard classified Pretty Hate Machine as "DOR...with an industrial edge", saying "NIN make a stellar bow worth investigating."18 Spin described the album as "dance music where technology reigns and sexual innuendoes abound", adding, "Trent Reznor's one-man band comes across like an accessible Front 242, an intelligent Nitzer Ebb or a primal screaming Depeche Mode."19 Retrospectively, PopMatters' AJ Ramirez regarded the album as "a synthesizer-dominated industrial dance record that on occasion slipped under the alternative rock banner."20

Reznor has humorously described Pretty Hate Machine as "the all-purpose alternative album," remarking that "if you want to stage dive to it, you can, but if you're a big Depeche Mode fan, you can get what you need out of it as well."21 Reznor further stated: "I like electronic music, but I like it to have some aggression. That 'first wave' of electro music – Human League and Devo – that's the easiest way to use it. To be able to get some humanity and aggression into it in a cool way, that's the thing ... Pretty Hate Machine is a record you can listen to and get more out of each time. To me, something like Front 242 is the opposite: great at first but, after 10 listens, that's it."22 Reznor additionally cited Depeche Mode's 1986 album Black Celebration as a driving influence, stating that "DM was one of our favorite bands and the Black Celebration record took my love for them to a new level."23

In a commentary on the album, Tom Hull said that Reznor's "notion of industrial is closer to New Order new wave, but with a harder metallic gleam and more dystopian attitude."24

Samples

Prince, Jane's Addiction, and Public Enemy are listed in the liner notes as artists whose music was sampled on the album. Segments of Prince's "Alphabet St." and Jane's Addiction's "Had a Dad" can be heard in "Ringfinger". Other samples were edited or distorted so as to be unrecognizable, such as the introduction to "Kinda I Want To". "Something I Can Never Have" features unused backing tracks created by John Fryer for This Mortal Coil.25

Reznor stated, "I was tempted to lay in more of other people‘s stuff, but I thought that would lend a real dated quality to the record, seeing where that has gone the way it has in hip-hop."26 Time constraints similarly prevented him from accumulating "good sounds" as he wanted.27 He obtained "weird percussion tracks" by sampling loops from artists like Public Enemy, playing them backwards and modulating them in Macintosh Turbosynth with an oscillator tuned to the pitch of the song, obtaining "this weird flanging-type thing that's in key".28 He said that "every drum fill on 'Terrible Lie' is lifted intact from somewhere. There are six other songs playing through that cut, recorded on tape, in and out, depending on where they worked."29

Cover art

The cover art was designed by Gary Talpas, which is a photo of the blades of a turbine stretched vertically to create the illusion of a rib cage.30 For the 2010 reissue, visual artist Rob Sheridan was assigned to update the cover art by Reznor to tone down the heavy late-Eighties neon aesthetic. Unfortunately, Sheridan was unable to locate the original artwork as it was deemed lost forever. To remedy this, he had to reverse engineer the cover art by scanning the existing cover art and digitally painted the image in very high resolution.31

Touring

In 1990, Reznor quickly formed a band, hiring guitarist Richard Patrick who would later form Filter. The live band began the Pretty Hate Machine Tour Series, in which they toured North America as an opening act for alternative rock artists such as Peter Murphy and The Jesus and Mary Chain.3233 Nine Inch Nails' live set at the time was known for louder, more aggressive versions of the studio songs. At some point, Reznor began smashing his equipment onstage (Reznor preferred using the heel of his boots to strip the keys from expensive keyboards, most notably the Yamaha DX7); Nine Inch Nails then embarked on a world tour that continued through the first Lollapalooza festival in 1991 and culminated in an opening slot to support Guns N' Roses on their European tour.34

Critical reception

Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic35
The A.V. ClubB−36
Chicago Tribune37
Mojo38
Pitchfork5.6/10 (2006)399.5/10 (2010)40
Q41
Rolling Stone42
Select4/543
Sounds44

Pretty Hate Machine received widespread acclaim from music critics, who praised the production and Reznor's vocals. In a contemporary review for Rolling Stone, Michael Azerrad called Pretty Hate Machine "industrial-strength noise over a pop framework" and "harrowing but catchy music";45 Reznor proclaimed this combination "a sincere statement" of "what was in [his] head at the time".46 Robert Hilburn found Reznor's "dark obsession" compelling in the Los Angeles Times,47 while Q's Martin Aston said Reznor "scans the spectrum of modern dance" with a "panoramic vision" that is "both admirably adventurous and yet accessible."48 Select critic Neil Perry said that record was "a flawed but listenable labour of loathing".49 Ralph Traitor of Sounds said that "Reznor has guts, and they make his Machine one to be treated with respect", finding that the album was comparable to releases by Ministry and Foetus.50

Jon Pareles was less impressed in his review for The New York Times, writing that Pretty Hate Machine "stays so close to the conventions established by Depeche Mode, Soft Cell and New Order that it could be a parody album", but notes, "Luckily, his voice is surrounded by music that has a sure beat and enough unexpected jolts to support his posturing.51 Frank Beeson was more indifferent in Option magazine, describing the album as, "Not everyone's cup of tea, but good for what it is."52 Mark Jenkins of The Washington Post found the music "competent but undistinctive stuff" and believed the "angry denunciations" of songs such as "Terrible Lie" are overshadowed by the "nursery-rhyme" chants of "Down in It".53 Tom Popson wrote in the Chicago Tribune that "the playing and production get points for introducing some variety to the industrial style, but the moments of soap-on-a-rope singing tend to cancel them out."54

In a retrospective review, AllMusic editor Steve Huey commended Reznor for giving "industrial music a human voice, a point of connection" with his "tortured confusion and self-obsession", and felt that "the greatest achievement of Pretty Hate Machine was that it brought emotional extravagance to a genre whose main theme had nearly always been dehumanization."55 Upon its 2010 reissue, Will Hermes of Rolling Stone called it "the first industrial singer-songwriter album" and commended the sound produced by Flood and Keith LeBlanc, who he said "taught Reznor a lot."56 Kyle Ryan of The A.V. Club felt that the album "remains the work of an artist just discovering his voice" and said that "20 years later, it doesn't warrant repeat listens like its successors." He found some of its synth and sampled sounds to still be dated after the album's remastering and Reznor's lyrics "mopey" and "silly".57 In an interview with Blender, journalist and novelist Chuck Palahniuk said that the album "seemed like the first honest piece of music I ever heard."58 In 2020, Pretty Hate Machine was included at number 453 on Rolling Stone's "500 Greatest Albums of All Time" list.59

Commercial performance

Released on October 20, 1989, Pretty Hate Machine was a commercial success and entered the Billboard 200 in February 1990.60 Although it peaked at number 75 on the Billboard 200, the album gained popularity through word of mouth and developed an underground following. Pretty Hate Machine was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on March 3, 1992, a few years after the album's initial release, for shipping 500,000 units in the USA.61 Three years later in 1995, it became one of the first independently released records to attain a Platinum certification.62 It eventually garnered a triple Platinum certification on May 12, 2003, with three million copies sold in the United States.63 Pretty Hate Machine spent a total of 115 weeks on the Billboard 200 chart, tying their sophomore album, The Downward Spiral as their longest charting effort.64

The album was also certified Silver by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) on November 1, 1995,65 following its number 67 peak on the UK Albums Chart.66

Reissue

Pretty Hate Machine went out of print through TVT, but was reissued by Rykodisc on November 22, 2005, with slightly modified packaging. Reznor had expressed interest in making a deluxe edition with surround sound remastering and new remixes, similar to the rerelease of The Downward Spiral. Rykodisc initially accepted the idea, but wanted Reznor to pay the production costs.67

On March 29, 2010, the recording rights to Pretty Hate Machine were acquired by the Bicycle Music Company and on October 22, 2010, Reznor announced that a remastered edition would be released the following month. The remaster included new cover art by Rob Sheridan and the bonus track "Get Down, Make Love", a Queen cover originally from the "Sin" single.68 The 2010 reissue was mastered by Tom Baker at the Precision Mastering in Hollywood, California.69

"PHM 2.0 is far brighter and clearer than its original incarnation," observed Classic Rock, "but ultimately it's the strength of the songwriting… that shines through. Although that said, a super bass beef-up job on an already infamous cover of Queen's 'Get Down, Make Love' ups the sleaze 'n' grind quotient no end."70

Before the album's rerelease, a fan website was launched featuring touring information for Pretty Hate Machine, the videos for "Head Like a Hole" and "Down in It" (with remastered sound), the uncut video for "Sin" (a remix for the video was used) and two early live segments, one with interviews.

The album and its respective singles were included in a Record Store Day Black Friday exclusive box set, Halo I–IV in 2015.7172

Track listing

All tracks are written by Trent Reznor.

No.TitleProducer(s)Length
1."Head Like a Hole"4:59
2."Terrible Lie"
  • Reznor
  • Flood
4:38
3."Down in It"3:46
4."Sanctified"5:47
5."Something I Can Never Have"
  • Reznor
  • Fryer
5:54
6."Kinda I Want To"
  • Reznor
  • Fryer
4:33
7."Sin"
  • Reznor
  • Fryer
  • LeBlanc[b]
4:06
8."That's What I Get"Fryer4:30
9."The Only Time"
  • Reznor
  • Fryer
  • LeBlanc
4:47
10."Ringfinger"
  • Reznor
  • Fryer
5:42
Total length:48:42
2010 remastered edition bonus track73
No.TitleWriter(s)Producer(s)Length
11."Get Down Make Love"Freddie MercuryHypo Luxa4:19

Notes

  • ^a signifies an additional remix producer.
  • ^b signifies a remixer.

Personnel

Credits adapted from the liner notes of Pretty Hate Machine.7475

  • Trent Reznor – vocals, arrangement, continuity, digital editing, programming (all tracks); production (tracks 1–7, 9, 10); mixing (tracks 2, 6, 7, 10); engineering (tracks 3, 11)
  • Tom Baker – mastering (2010 reissue)
  • Sean Beavan – engineering (tracks 4, 11)
  • Blumpy – remastering preparation
  • Tony Dawsey – mastering
  • Doug DeAngelis – engineering (tracks 1, 2)
  • Flood – engineering, production (tracks 1, 2); additional synth programming (tracks 2, 6)
  • John Fryer – engineering (tracks 2, 4–10); mixing (tracks 2, 4–6, 8–10); production (tracks 4–10)
  • Hypo Luxa – engineering, production (track 11)
  • Kennan Keating – engineering (tracks 1, 3, 6, 7, 9)
  • Keith LeBlanc – additional remix production (track 1); engineering (tracks 1, 3, 6, 7, 9); mixing (tracks 1, 6, 7, 9); production (tracks 3, 9); remix (track 7)
  • Jeff "Critter" Newell – engineering (track 11)
  • Tim Niemi – additional synth programming (tracks 2, 6)
  • Richard Patrick – drone guitar at end (track 4)
  • Ken Quartarone – engineering (tracks 1, 6, 7, 9)
  • Rob Sheridan – art direction (2010 reissue)
  • Adrian Sherwood – engineering, mixing, production (track 3)
  • Jeffrey Silverthorne – portrait photography
  • Gary Talpas – original sleeve
  • Chris Vrenna – continuity, digital editing

Charts

Chart (1990)Peakposition
UK Albums (OCC)7667
US Billboard 2007775

Certifications

RegionCertificationCertified units/sales
Argentina (CAPIF)78Platinum60,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)79Gold100,000‡
United States (RIAA)803× Platinum3,000,000^

^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

Bibliography

References

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