Reference ranges for blood tests

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Common human medical data ranges for blood test results

Reference ranges (reference intervals) for blood tests are sets of values used by a health professional to interpret a set of medical test results from blood samples. Reference ranges for blood tests are studied within the field of clinical chemistry (also known as "clinical biochemistry", "chemical pathology" or "pure blood chemistry"), the area of pathology that is generally concerned with analysis of bodily fluids.

Blood test results should always be interpreted using the reference range provided by the laboratory that performed the test.

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Interpretation

A reference range is usually defined as the set of values 95 percent of the normal population falls within (that is, 95% prediction interval).² It is determined by collecting data from vast numbers of laboratory tests.

Plasma or whole blood

In this article, all values (except the ones listed below) denote blood plasma concentration, which is approximately 60–100% larger than the actual blood concentration if the amount inside red blood cells (RBCs) is negligible. The precise factor depends on hematocrit as well as amount inside RBCs. Exceptions are mainly those values that denote total blood concentration, and in this article they are:³

All values in Hematology – red blood cells (except hemoglobin in plasma)
All values in Hematology – white blood cells
Platelet count (Plt)

A few values are for inside red blood cells only:

Vitamin B9 (folic acid/folate) in red blood cells
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)

Units

Mass concentration (g/dL or g/L) is the most common measurement unit in the United States. Is usually given with dL (decilitres) as the denominator in the United States, and usually with L (litres) in, for example, Sweden.
Molar concentration (mol/L) is used to a higher degree in most of the rest of the world, including the United Kingdom and other parts of Europe and Australia and New Zealand.⁴
International units (IU) are based on measured biological activity or effect, or for some substances, a specified equivalent mass.
Enzyme activity (kat) is commonly used for e.g. liver function tests like AST, ALT, LD and γ-GT in Sweden.⁵
Percentages and time-dependent units (mol/s) are used for calculated derived parameters, e.g. for beta cell function in homeostasis model assessment or thyroid's secretory capacity.

Arterial or venous

If not otherwise specified, a reference range for a blood test is generally the venous range, as the standard process of obtaining a sample is by venipuncture. An exception is for acid–base and blood gases, which are generally given for arterial blood.

Still, the blood values are approximately equal between the arterial and venous sides for most substances, with the exception of acid–base, blood gases and drugs (used in therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) assays).⁶ Arterial levels for drugs are generally higher than venous levels because of extraction while passing through tissues.⁷

Usual or optimal

Reference ranges are usually given as what are the usual (or normal) values found in the population, more specifically the prediction interval that 95% of the population fall into. This may also be called standard range. In contrast, optimal (health) range or therapeutic target is a reference range or limit that is based on concentrations or levels that are associated with optimal health or minimal risk of related complications and diseases. For most substances presented, the optimal levels are the ones normally found in the population as well. More specifically, optimal levels are generally close to a central tendency of the values found in the population. However, usual and optimal levels may differ substantially, most notably among vitamins and blood lipids, so these tables give limits on both standard and optimal (or target) ranges. In addition, some values, including troponin I and brain natriuretic peptide, are given as the estimated appropriate cutoffs to distinguish healthy people from people with specific conditions, which here are myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure, respectively, for the aforementioned substances.⁸ ⁹ ¹⁰

Variability

Further information: Reference range

References range may vary with age, sex, race, pregnancy,¹¹ diet, use of prescribed or herbal drugs and stress. Reference ranges often depend on the analytical method used, for reasons such as inaccuracy, lack of standardisation, lack of certified reference material and differing antibody reactivity.¹² Also, reference ranges may be inaccurate when the reference groups used to establish the ranges are small.¹³

Sorted by concentration

By mass and molarity

Smaller, narrower boxes indicate a more tight homeostatic regulation when measured as standard "usual" reference range.

Reference ranges for blood tests, sorted logarithmically by mass above the scale and by molarity below. (A separate printable image is available for mass and molarity)

Hormones predominate at the left part of the scale, shown with a red at ng/L or pmol/L, being in very low concentration. There appears to be the greatest cluster of substances in the yellow part (μg/L or nmol/L), becoming sparser in the green part (mg/L or μmol/L). However, there is another cluster containing many metabolic substances like cholesterol and glucose at the limit with the blue part (g/L or mmol/L).

The unit conversions of substance concentrations from the molar to the mass concentration scale above are made as follows:

Numerically:

molar concentration × molar mass = mass concentration {\displaystyle {\text{molar concentration}}\times {\text{molar mass}}={\text{mass concentration}}}

Measured directly in distance on the scales:

log 10 ⁡ molar mass 1000 = distance to right (decades) {\displaystyle \log _{10}{\frac {\text{molar mass}}{1000}}={\text{distance to right (decades)}}} ,

where distance is the direct (not logarithmic) distance in number of decades or "octaves" to the right the mass concentration is found. To translate from mass to molar concentration, the dividend (molar mass and the divisor (1000) in the division change places, or, alternatively, distance to right is changed to distance to left. Substances with a molar mass around 1000g/mol (e.g. thyroxine) are almost vertically aligned in the mass and molar images. Adrenocorticotropic hormone, on the other hand, with a molar mass of 4540,¹⁴ is 0.7 decades to the right in the mass image. Substances with molar mass below 1000g/mol (e.g. electrolytes and metabolites) would have "negative" distance, that is, masses deviating to the left. Many substances given in mass concentration are not given in molar amount because they haven't been added to the article.

The diagram above can also be used as an alternative way to convert any substance concentration (not only the normal or optimal ones) from molar to mass units and vice versa for those substances appearing in both scales, by measuring how much they are horizontally displaced from one another (representing the molar mass for that substance), and using the same distance from the concentration to be converted to determine the equivalent concentration in terms of the other unit. For example, on a certain monitor, the horizontal distance between the upper limits for parathyroid hormone in pmol/L and pg/mL may be 7 cm, with the mass concentration to the right. A molar concentration of, for example, 5 pmol/L would therefore correspond to a mass concentration located 7 cm to the right in the mass diagram, that is, approximately 45 pg/mL.

By units

Units do not necessarily imply anything about molarity or mass.

A few substances are below this main interval, e.g. thyroid stimulating hormone, being measured in mU/L, or above, like rheumatoid factor and CA19-9, being measured in U/mL.

By enzyme activity

White blood cells

Sorted by category

Ions and trace metals

Further information: Trace metal and Metals in medicine

Included here are also related binding proteins, like ferritin and transferrin for iron, and ceruloplasmin for copper.

Test	Lower limit	Upper limit	Unit*	Comments
Sodium (Na)	135,¹⁵ 137¹⁶ ¹⁷	145,¹⁸ ¹⁹ 147²⁰	mmol/L or mEq/L²¹	See hyponatremia or hypernatremia
Sodium (Na)	310,²² 320²³	330,²⁴ 340²⁵	mg/dL	See hyponatremia or hypernatremia
Potassium (K)	3.5,²⁶ ²⁷ 3.6²⁸	5.0,²⁹ ³⁰ ³¹ 5.1	mmol/L or mEq/L³²	See hypokalemia or hyperkalemia
Potassium (K)	14³³	20³⁴	mg/dL	See hypokalemia or hyperkalemia
Chloride (Cl)	95,³⁵ 98,³⁶ 100³⁷	105,³⁸ 106,³⁹ 110⁴⁰	mmol/L or mEq/L⁴¹	See hypochloremia or hyperchloremia
Chloride (Cl)	340⁴²	370⁴³	mg/dL	See hypochloremia or hyperchloremia
Ionized calcium (Ca)	1.03,⁴⁴ 1.10⁴⁵	1.23,⁴⁶ 1.30⁴⁷	mmol/L	See hypocalcaemia or hypercalcaemia
Ionized calcium (Ca)	4.1,⁴⁸ 4.4⁴⁹	4.9,⁵⁰ 5.2⁵¹	mg/dL	See hypocalcaemia or hypercalcaemia
Total calcium (Ca)	2.1,⁵² ⁵³ 2.2⁵⁴	2.5,⁵⁵ ⁵⁶ 2.6,⁵⁷ 2.8⁵⁸	mmol/L
Total calcium (Ca)	8.4,⁵⁹ 8.5⁶⁰	10.2,⁶¹ 10.5⁶²	mg/dL
Total serum iron (TSI) – male	65,⁶³ 76⁶⁴	176,⁶⁵ 198⁶⁶	μg/dL	See hypoferremia or the following: iron overload (hemochromatosis), iron poisoning, siderosis, hemosiderosis, hyperferremia
Total serum iron (TSI) – male	11.6,⁶⁷ ⁶⁸ 13.6⁶⁹	30,⁷⁰ 32,⁷¹ 35⁷²	μmol/L
Total serum iron (TSI) – female	26,⁷³ 50⁷⁴	170⁷⁵ ⁷⁶	μg/dL
Total serum iron (TSI) – female	4.6,⁷⁷ 8.9⁷⁸	30.4⁷⁹	μmol/L
Total serum iron (TSI) – newborns	100⁸⁰	250⁸¹	μg/dL
Total serum iron (TSI) – newborns	18⁸²	45⁸³	μmol/L
Total serum iron (TSI) – children	50⁸⁴	120⁸⁵	μg/dL
Total serum iron (TSI) – children	9⁸⁶	21⁸⁷	μmol/L
Total iron-binding capacity (TIBC)	240,⁸⁸ 262⁸⁹	450,⁹⁰ 474⁹¹	μg/dL
Total iron-binding capacity (TIBC)	43,⁹² 47⁹³	81,⁹⁴ 85⁹⁵	μmol/L
Transferrin	190,⁹⁶ 194,⁹⁷ 204⁹⁸	326,⁹⁹ 330,¹⁰⁰ 360¹⁰¹	mg/dL
Transferrin	25¹⁰²	45¹⁰³	μmol/L
Transferrin saturation	20¹⁰⁴	50¹⁰⁵	%
Ferritin – Males and postmenopausal females	12¹⁰⁶	300¹⁰⁷ ¹⁰⁸	ng/mL or μg/L
Ferritin – Males and postmenopausal females	27¹⁰⁹	670¹¹⁰	pmol/L
Ferritin – premenopausal females	12¹¹¹	150¹¹² – 200¹¹³	ng/mL or μg/L
Ferritin – premenopausal females	27¹¹⁴	330¹¹⁵ – 440¹¹⁶	pmol/L
Ammonia	10,¹¹⁷ 20¹¹⁸	35,¹¹⁹ 65¹²⁰	μmol/L	See hypoammonemia and hyperammonemia
Ammonia	17,¹²¹ 34¹²²	60,¹²³ 110¹²⁴	μg/dL	See hypoammonemia and hyperammonemia
Copper (Cu)	70¹²⁵	150¹²⁶	μg/dL	See hypocupremia or hypercupremia
Copper (Cu)	11¹²⁷ ¹²⁸	24¹²⁹	μmol/L	See hypocupremia or hypercupremia
Ceruloplasmin	15¹³⁰	60¹³¹	mg/dL
Ceruloplasmin	1¹³²	4¹³³	μmol/L
Phosphate (HPO42−)	0.8	1.5¹³⁴	mmol/L	See hypophosphatemia or hyperphosphatemia
Inorganic phosphorus (serum)	1.0¹³⁵	1.5¹³⁶	mmol/L
Inorganic phosphorus (serum)	3.0¹³⁷	4.5¹³⁸	mg/dL
Zinc (Zn)	60,¹³⁹ 72¹⁴⁰	110,¹⁴¹ 130¹⁴²	μg/dL	See zinc deficiency or zinc poisoning
Zinc (Zn)	9.2,¹⁴³ 11¹⁴⁴	17,¹⁴⁵ 20¹⁴⁶	μmol/L	See zinc deficiency or zinc poisoning
Magnesium	1.5,¹⁴⁷ 1.7¹⁴⁸	2.0,¹⁴⁹ 2.3¹⁵⁰	mEq/L or mg/dL	See hypomagnesemia or hypermagnesemia
Magnesium	0.6,¹⁵¹ 0.7¹⁵²	0.82,¹⁵³ 0.95¹⁵⁴	mmol/L	See hypomagnesemia or hypermagnesemia

Note: Although 'mEq' for mass and 'mEq/L' are sometimes used in the United States and elsewhere, they are not part of SI and are now considered redundant.

Acid–base and blood gases

Further information: Acid–base homeostasis

Further information: Arterial blood gas test and Arterial blood gas test § Parameters and reference ranges

If arterial/venous is not specified for an acid–base or blood gas value, then it generally refers to arterial, and not venous which otherwise is standard for other blood tests.

Acid–base and blood gases are among the few blood constituents that exhibit substantial difference between arterial and venous values.¹⁵⁵ Still, pH, bicarbonate and base excess show a high level of inter-method reliability between arterial and venous tests, so arterial and venous values are roughly equivalent for these.¹⁵⁶

Test	Arterial/Venous	Lower limit	Upper limit	Unit
pH	Arterial	7.34,¹⁵⁷ 7.35¹⁵⁸	7.44,¹⁵⁹ 7.45¹⁶⁰
pH	Venous	7.31¹⁶¹	7.41¹⁶²
[H+]	Arterial	36¹⁶³	44¹⁶⁴	nmol/L
[H+]	Arterial	3.6¹⁶⁵	4.4¹⁶⁶	ng/dL
Base excess	Arterial & venous¹⁶⁷	−3¹⁶⁸	+3¹⁶⁹	mEq/L
Oxygen partial pressure (pO2)	Arterial pO2	10,¹⁷⁰ 11¹⁷¹	13,¹⁷² 14¹⁷³	kPa
	Arterial pO2	75,¹⁷⁴ ¹⁷⁵ 83¹⁷⁶	100,¹⁷⁷ 105¹⁷⁸	mmHg or torr
	Venous	4.0¹⁷⁹	5.3¹⁸⁰	kPa
	Venous	30¹⁸¹	40¹⁸²	mmHg or torr
Oxygen saturation	Arterial	94,¹⁸³ 95,¹⁸⁴ 96¹⁸⁵	100¹⁸⁶ ¹⁸⁷	%
Oxygen saturation	Venous	Approximately 75¹⁸⁸		%
Carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2)	Arterial PaCO2	4.4,¹⁸⁹ 4.7¹⁹⁰	5.9,¹⁹¹ 6.0¹⁹²	kPa
	Arterial PaCO2	33,¹⁹³ 35¹⁹⁴	44,¹⁹⁵ 45¹⁹⁶	mmHg or torr
	Venous	5.5,¹⁹⁷	6.8¹⁹⁸	kPa
	Venous	41¹⁹⁹	51²⁰⁰	mmHg or torr
Absolute content of carbon dioxide (CO2)	Arterial	23²⁰¹	30²⁰²	mmol/L
Absolute content of carbon dioxide (CO2)	Arterial	100²⁰³	132²⁰⁴	mg/dL
Bicarbonate (HCO3−)	Arterial & venous	18²⁰⁵	23²⁰⁶	mmol/L
Bicarbonate (HCO3−)	Arterial & venous	110²⁰⁷	140²⁰⁸	mg/dL
Standard bicarbonate (SBCe)	Arterial & venous	21, 22²⁰⁹	27, 28²¹⁰	mmol/L or mEq/L²¹¹
Standard bicarbonate (SBCe)	Arterial & venous	134²¹²	170²¹³	mg/dL

Liver function

Further information: Liver function tests

Test	Patient type	Lower limit	Upper limit	Unit	Comments
Total protein (TotPro)		60,²¹⁴ 63²¹⁵	78,²¹⁶ 82,²¹⁷ 84²¹⁸	g/L	See serum total protein Interpretation
Albumin		35²¹⁹ ²²⁰	48,²²¹ 55²²²	g/L	See hypoalbuminemia
		3.5²²³	4.8,²²⁴ 5.5²²⁵	U/L
		540²²⁶	740²²⁷	μmol/L
Globulins		23²²⁸	35²²⁹	g/L
Total bilirubin		1.7,²³⁰ 2,²³¹ 3.4,²³² 5²³³	17,²³⁴ ²³⁵ 22,²³⁶ 25²³⁷	μmol/L
Total bilirubin		0.1,²³⁸ 0.2,²³⁹ 0.29²⁴⁰	1.0,²⁴¹ ²⁴² 1.3,²⁴³ 1.4²⁴⁴	mg/dL
Direct/conjugated bilirubin		0.0²⁴⁵ or N/A²⁴⁶	5,²⁴⁷ 7²⁴⁸ ²⁴⁹	μmol/L
Direct/conjugated bilirubin		0²⁵⁰ ²⁵¹	0.3,²⁵² ²⁵³ 0.4²⁵⁴	mg/dL
Alanine transaminase (ALT/ALAT²⁵⁵)		5,²⁵⁶ 7,²⁵⁷ 8²⁵⁸	20,²⁵⁹ 21,²⁶⁰ 56²⁶¹	U/L	Also called serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT)
	Female	0.15²⁶²	0.75²⁶³	μkat/L
	Male	0.15²⁶⁴	1.1²⁶⁵	μkat/L
Aspartate transaminase (AST/ASAT²⁶⁶)	Female	6²⁶⁷	34²⁶⁸	IU/L	Also called serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT)
	Female	0.25²⁶⁹	0.60²⁷⁰	μkat/L
	Male	8²⁷¹	40²⁷²	IU/L
	Male	0.25²⁷³	0.75²⁷⁴	μkat/L
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)		0.6²⁷⁵	1.8²⁷⁶	μkat/L
	Female	42²⁷⁷	98²⁷⁸	U/L
	Male	53²⁷⁹	128²⁸⁰	U/L
Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT)		5,²⁸¹ 8²⁸²	40,²⁸³ 78²⁸⁴	U/L
	Female		0.63²⁸⁵	μkat/L
	Male		0.92²⁸⁶	μkat/L

Cardiac tests

Test	Patient type	Lower limit	Upper limit	Unit	Comments
Creatine kinase (CK)	Male	24,²⁸⁷ 38,²⁸⁸ 60²⁸⁹	174,²⁹⁰ 320²⁹¹	U/L or ng/mL
	Male	0.42²⁹²	1.5²⁹³	μkat/L
	Female	24,²⁹⁴ 38,²⁹⁵ 96²⁹⁶	140,²⁹⁷ 200²⁹⁸	U/L or ng/mL
	Female	0.17²⁹⁹	1.17³⁰⁰	μkat/L
CK-MB		0	3,³⁰¹ 3.8,³⁰² 5³⁰³	ng/mL or μg/L³⁰⁴
Myoglobin	Female	1³⁰⁵	66³⁰⁶	ng/mL or μg/L
Myoglobin	Male	17³⁰⁷	106³⁰⁸	ng/mL or μg/L
Cardiac troponin T (low sensitive)			0.1³⁰⁹	ng/mL	99th percentile cutoff
Cardiac troponin I (high sensitive)			0.03³¹⁰	ng/mL	99th percentile cutoff
Cardiac troponin T (high sensitive)	Male		0.022³¹¹	ng/mL	99th percentile cutoff
	Female		0.014³¹²	ng/mL	99th percentile cutoff
	newborn/infants		not established		more than adults ³¹³ ³¹⁴

Interpretation	Range / Cutoff
Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) -more detailed ranges in BNP article
Congestive heart failure unlikely	< 100 pg/mL³¹⁵ ³¹⁶
"Gray zone"	100–500 pg/mL³¹⁷ ³¹⁸
Congestive heart failure likely	> 500 pg/mL³¹⁹ ³²⁰

Interpretation	Age	Cutoff
NT-proBNP -more detailed ranges in NT-proBNP article
Congestive heart failure likely	< 75 years	> 125 pg/mL³²¹
Congestive heart failure likely	> 75 years	> 450pg/mL³²²

Lipids

Further information: Blood lipids

Test	Patient type	Lower limit	Upper limit	Unit	Therapeutic target
Triglycerides	10–39 years	54³²³	110³²⁴	mg/dL	< 100 mg/dL³²⁵ or 1.1 mmol/L³²⁶
	10–39 years	0.61³²⁷	1.2³²⁸	mmol/L
	40–59 years	70³²⁹	150³³⁰	mg/dL
	40–59 years	0.77³³¹	1.7³³²	mmol/L
	> 60 years	80³³³	150³³⁴	mg/dL
	> 60 years	0.9³³⁵	1.7³³⁶	mmol/L
Total cholesterol		3.0,³³⁷ 3.6³³⁸ ³³⁹	5.0,³⁴⁰ ³⁴¹ 6.5³⁴²	mmol/L	< 3.9 mmol/L³⁴³
Total cholesterol		120,³⁴⁴ 140³⁴⁵	200,³⁴⁶ 250³⁴⁷	mg/dL	< 150 mg/dL³⁴⁸
HDL cholesterol	Female	1.0,³⁴⁹ 1.2,³⁵⁰ 1.3³⁵¹	2.2³⁵²	mmol/L	> 1.0³⁵³ or 1.6³⁵⁴ mmol/L 40³⁵⁵ or 60³⁵⁶ mg/dL
HDL cholesterol	Female	40,³⁵⁷ 50³⁵⁸	86³⁵⁹	mg/dL
HDL cholesterol	Male	0.9³⁶⁰ ³⁶¹	2.0³⁶²	mmol/L
HDL cholesterol	Male	35³⁶³	80³⁶⁴	mg/dL
LDL cholesterol (Not valid when triglycerides >5.0 mmol/L)		2.0,³⁶⁵ 2.4³⁶⁶	3.0,³⁶⁷ ³⁶⁸ 3.4³⁶⁹	mmol/L	< 2.5 mmol/L³⁷⁰
LDL cholesterol (Not valid when triglycerides >5.0 mmol/L)		80,³⁷¹ 94³⁷²	120,³⁷³ 130³⁷⁴	mg/dL	< 100 mg/dL³⁷⁵
LDL/HDL quotient		n/a	5³⁷⁶	(unitless)

Tumour markers

Further information: Tumour markers

Test	Patient type	Cutoff	Unit	Comments
Alpha fetoprotein (AFP)		44³⁷⁷	ng/mL or μg/L	Hepatocellular carcinoma or testicular cancer
Beta human chorionic gonadotrophin (β-hCG)	In males and non-pregnant females	5³⁷⁸	IU/L or mU/mL	choriocarcinoma
CA19-9		40³⁷⁹	U/mL	Pancreatic cancer
CA-125		30,³⁸⁰ 35³⁸¹	kU/L or U/mL
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)	Non-smokers, 50 years	3.4,³⁸² 3.6³⁸³	μg/L
	Non-smokers, 70 years	4.1³⁸⁴
	Smokers	5³⁸⁵
Prostate specific antigen (PSA)	40–49 years	1.2–2.9³⁸⁶	μg/L³⁸⁷ ³⁸⁸ or ng/mL³⁸⁹	More detailed cutoffs in PSA – Serum levels
	70–79 years, non-African-American	4.0–9.0³⁹⁰
	70–79 years, African-American	7.7–13³⁹¹
PAP		3³⁹²	units/dL (Bodansky units)
Calcitonin		5,³⁹³ 15³⁹⁴	ng/L or pg/mL	Cutoff against medullary thyroid cancer ³⁹⁵More detailed cutoffs in Calcitonin article

Endocrinology

Thyroid hormones

Further information: Thyroid function tests

Test	Patient type	Lower limit	Upper limit	Unit
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH or thyrotropin)	Adults – standard range	0.3,³⁹⁶ 0.4,³⁹⁷ 0.5,³⁹⁸ 0.6³⁹⁹	4.0,⁴⁰⁰ 4.5,⁴⁰¹ 6.0⁴⁰²	mIU/L or μIU/mL
	Adults – optimal range	0.3,⁴⁰³ 0.5⁴⁰⁴	2.0,⁴⁰⁵ 3.0⁴⁰⁶
	Infants	1.3⁴⁰⁷	19⁴⁰⁸
Free thyroxine (FT4) -more detailed ranges in Thyroid function tests article	Normal adult	0.7,⁴⁰⁹ 0.8⁴¹⁰	1.4,⁴¹¹ 1.5,⁴¹² 1.8⁴¹³	ng/dL
	Normal adult	9,⁴¹⁴ ⁴¹⁵ 10,⁴¹⁶ 12⁴¹⁷	18,⁴¹⁸ ⁴¹⁹ 23⁴²⁰	pmol/L
	Child/Adolescent 31 d – 18 y	0.8⁴²¹	2.0⁴²²	ng/dL
	Child/Adolescent 31 d – 18 y	10⁴²³	26⁴²⁴	pmol/L
	Pregnant	0.5⁴²⁵	1.0⁴²⁶	ng/dL
	Pregnant	6.5⁴²⁷	13⁴²⁸	pmol/L
Total thyroxine		4,⁴²⁹ 5.5⁴³⁰	11,⁴³¹ 12.3⁴³²	μg/dL
Total thyroxine		60⁴³³ ⁴³⁴	140,⁴³⁵ 160⁴³⁶	nmol/L
Free triiodothyronine (FT3)	Normal adult	0.2⁴³⁷	0.5⁴³⁸	ng/dL
	Normal adult	3.1⁴³⁹	7.7⁴⁴⁰	pmol/L
	Children 2-16 y	0.1⁴⁴¹	0.6⁴⁴²	ng/dL
	Children 2-16 y	1.5⁴⁴³	9.2⁴⁴⁴	pmol/L
Total triiodothyronine		60,⁴⁴⁵ 75⁴⁴⁶	175,⁴⁴⁷ 181⁴⁴⁸	ng/dL
Total triiodothyronine		0.9,⁴⁴⁹ 1.1⁴⁵⁰	2.5,⁴⁵¹ 2.7⁴⁵²	nmol/L
Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG)		12⁴⁵³	30⁴⁵⁴	mg/L
Thyroglobulin (Tg)		1.5⁴⁵⁵	30⁴⁵⁶	pmol/L
Thyroglobulin (Tg)		1⁴⁵⁷	20⁴⁵⁸	μg/L

Sex hormones

Further information: Sex steroid

The diagrams below take inter-cycle and inter-woman variability into account in displaying reference ranges for estradiol, progesterone, FSH and LH.

Test	Patient type	Lower limit	Upper limit	Unit
Dihydrotestosterone	adult male	30	85	ng/dL
Testosterone	Male, overall	8,⁴⁵⁹ 10⁴⁶⁰	27,⁴⁶¹ 35⁴⁶²	nmol/L
	Male, overall	230,⁴⁶³ 300⁴⁶⁴	780–1000⁴⁶⁵ ⁴⁶⁶	ng/dL
	Male < 50 years	10⁴⁶⁷	45⁴⁶⁸	nmol/L
	Male < 50 years	290⁴⁶⁹	1300⁴⁷⁰	ng/dL
	Male > 50 years	6.2⁴⁷¹	26⁴⁷²	nmol/L
	Male > 50 years	180⁴⁷³	740⁴⁷⁴	ng/dL
	Female	0.7⁴⁷⁵	2.8–3.0⁴⁷⁶ ⁴⁷⁷	nmol/L
	Female	20⁴⁷⁸	80–85⁴⁷⁹ ⁴⁸⁰	ng/dL
17α-Hydroxyprogesterone	male	0.06⁴⁸¹	3.0⁴⁸²	mg/L
	male	0.18⁴⁸³	9.1⁴⁸⁴	μmol/L
	Female (Follicular phase)	0.2⁴⁸⁵	1.0⁴⁸⁶	mg/L
	Female (Follicular phase)	0.6⁴⁸⁷	3.0⁴⁸⁸	μmol/L
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) -more detailed menstrual cycle ranges in separate diagram	Prepubertal	<1⁴⁸⁹	3⁴⁹⁰	IU/L
	Adult male	1⁴⁹¹	8⁴⁹²
	Adult female (follicular and luteal phase)	1⁴⁹³	11⁴⁹⁴
	Adult female (Ovulation)	6⁴⁹⁵ 95% PI (standard)	26⁴⁹⁶ 95% PI)
	Adult female (Ovulation)	5⁴⁹⁷ 90% PI (used in diagram)	15⁴⁹⁸ (90% PI)
	Post-menopausal female	30⁴⁹⁹	118⁵⁰⁰
Luteinizing hormone (LH) -more detailed menstrual cycle ranges in separate diagram	Female, peak	20⁵⁰¹ 90% PI (used in diagram)	75⁵⁰² (90% PI)	IU/L
	Female, post-menopausal	15⁵⁰³	60⁵⁰⁴
	Male aged 18+	2⁵⁰⁵	9⁵⁰⁶
Estradiol (an estrogen) -more detailed ranges in estradiol article	Adult male	50⁵⁰⁷	200⁵⁰⁸	pmol/L
	Adult male	14⁵⁰⁹	55⁵¹⁰	pg/mL
	Adult female (day 5 of follicular phase, and luteal phase)	70⁵¹¹	500,⁵¹² 600⁵¹³	pmol/L
	Adult female (day 5 of follicular phase, and luteal phase)	19⁵¹⁴	140,⁵¹⁵ 160⁵¹⁶	pg/mL
	Adult female – free (not protein bound)	0.5⁵¹⁷	9⁵¹⁸	pg/mL
	Adult female – free (not protein bound)	1.7⁵¹⁹	33⁵²⁰	pmol/L
	Post-menopausal female	N/A⁵²¹	< 130⁵²²	pmol/L
	Post-menopausal female	N/A⁵²³	< 35⁵²⁴	pg/mL
Progesterone -more detailed ranges in Progesterone article	Female in mid-luteal phase (day 21–23)	17,⁵²⁵ 35⁵²⁶	92⁵²⁷	nmol/L
Progesterone -more detailed ranges in Progesterone article	Female in mid-luteal phase (day 21–23)	6,⁵²⁸ 11⁵²⁹	29⁵³⁰	ng/mL
Androstenedione	Adult male and female	60⁵³¹	270⁵³²	ng/dL
	Post-menopausal female		< 180⁵³³
	Prepubertal		< 60⁵³⁴
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate -more detailed ranges in DHEA-S article	Adult male and female	30⁵³⁵	400⁵³⁶	μg/dL
SHBG -more detailed ranges in SHBG article	Adult female	40⁵³⁷	120⁵³⁸	nmol/L
SHBG -more detailed ranges in SHBG article	Adult male	20⁵³⁹	60⁵⁴⁰	nmol/L
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) -more detailed ranges in AMH article	13–45 years	0.7⁵⁴¹	20⁵⁴²	ng/mL
	13–45 years	5⁵⁴³	140⁵⁴⁴	pmol/L

Other hormones

Further information: Hormones

Test	Patient type	Lower limit	Upper limit	Unit
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)		2.2⁵⁴⁵	13.3⁵⁴⁶	pmol/L
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)		20⁵⁴⁷	100⁵⁴⁸	pg/mL
Cortisol	09:00 am	140⁵⁴⁹	700⁵⁵⁰	nmol/L
	09:00 am	5⁵⁵¹	25⁵⁵²	μg/dL
	Midnight	80⁵⁵³	350⁵⁵⁴	nmol/L
	Midnight	2.9⁵⁵⁵	13⁵⁵⁶	μg/dL
Growth hormone (fasting)		0	5⁵⁵⁷	ng/mL
Growth hormone (arginine stimulation)		7⁵⁵⁸	n/a	ng/mL
IGF-1 -more detailed ranges in IGF-1 article	Female, 20 yrs	110⁵⁵⁹	420⁵⁶⁰	ng/mL
	Female, 75 yrs	55⁵⁶¹	220⁵⁶²
	Male, 20 yrs	160⁵⁶³	390⁵⁶⁴
	Male, 75 yrs	48⁵⁶⁵	200⁵⁶⁶
Prolactin -more detailed ranges in Prolactin article	Female	71,⁵⁶⁷ 105⁵⁶⁸	348,⁵⁶⁹ 548⁵⁷⁰	mIU/L
	Female	3.4,⁵⁷¹ 3.9⁵⁷²	16.4,⁵⁷³ 20.3⁵⁷⁴	μg/L
	Male	58,⁵⁷⁵ 89⁵⁷⁶	277,⁵⁷⁷ 365⁵⁷⁸	mIU/L
	Male	2.7,⁵⁷⁹ 3.3⁵⁸⁰	13.0,⁵⁸¹ 13.5⁵⁸²	μg/L
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)		10,⁵⁸³ 17⁵⁸⁴	65,⁵⁸⁵ 70⁵⁸⁶	pg/mL
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)		1.1,⁵⁸⁷ 1.8⁵⁸⁸	6.9,⁵⁸⁹ 7.5⁵⁹⁰	pmol/L
25-hydroxycholecalciferol (a vitamin D) – Standard reference range		8,⁵⁹¹ ⁵⁹² 9⁵⁹³	40,⁵⁹⁴ 80⁵⁹⁵	ng/mL
		20,⁵⁹⁶ 23⁵⁹⁷	95,⁵⁹⁸ 150⁵⁹⁹	nmol/L
25-hydroxycholecalciferol – Therapeutic target range		30,⁶⁰⁰ 40⁶⁰¹	65,⁶⁰² 100⁶⁰³	ng/mL
25-hydroxycholecalciferol – Therapeutic target range		85,⁶⁰⁴ 100⁶⁰⁵	120,⁶⁰⁶ 160⁶⁰⁷	nmol/L
Plasma renin activity		0.29,⁶⁰⁸ 1.9⁶⁰⁹	3.7⁶¹⁰ ⁶¹¹	ng/(mL·h)
Plasma renin activity		3.3,⁶¹² 21⁶¹³	41⁶¹⁴ ⁶¹⁵	mcU/mL
Aldosterone -more detailed ranges in Aldosterone article	Adult		19,⁶¹⁶ 34.0⁶¹⁷	ng/dL
Aldosterone -more detailed ranges in Aldosterone article	Adult		530,⁶¹⁸ 940⁶¹⁹	pmol/L
Aldosterone-to-renin ratio -more detailed ranges in Aldosterone/renin ratio article	Adult		13.1,⁶²⁰ 35.0⁶²¹	ng/dL per ng/(mL·h)
	Adult		360,⁶²² 970⁶²³	pmol/liter per μg/(L·h)

Vitamins

Also including the vitamin B12)-related amino acid homocysteine.

Test	Patient type	Standard range		Optimal range		Unit
Test	Patient type	Lower limit	Upper limit	Lower limit	Upper limit	Unit
Vitamin A		30⁶²⁴	65⁶²⁵			μg/dL
Vitamin B9 (Folic acid/Folate) – Serum	Age > 1 year	3.0⁶²⁶	16⁶²⁷	5⁶²⁸		ng/mL or μg/L
Vitamin B9 (Folic acid/Folate) – Serum	Age > 1 year	6.8⁶²⁹	36⁶³⁰	11⁶³¹		nmol/L
Vitamin B9 (Folic acid/Folate) – Red blood cells		200⁶³²	600⁶³³			ng/mL or μg/L
		450⁶³⁴	1400⁶³⁵			nmol/L
	Pregnant			400⁶³⁶		ng/mL or μg/L
	Pregnant			900⁶³⁷		nmol/L
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)		130,⁶³⁸ 160⁶³⁹	700,⁶⁴⁰ 950⁶⁴¹			ng/L
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)		100,⁶⁴² 120⁶⁴³	520,⁶⁴⁴ 700⁶⁴⁵			pmol/L
Homocysteine -more detailed ranges in Homocysteine article		3.3,⁶⁴⁶ 5.9⁶⁴⁷	7.2,⁶⁴⁸ 15.3⁶⁴⁹		6.3⁶⁵⁰	μmol/L
Homocysteine -more detailed ranges in Homocysteine article		45,⁶⁵¹ 80⁶⁵²	100,⁶⁵³ 210⁶⁵⁴		85⁶⁵⁵	μg/dL
Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)		0.4⁶⁵⁶	1.5⁶⁵⁷	0.9⁶⁵⁸		mg/dL
Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)		23⁶⁵⁹	85⁶⁶⁰	50⁶⁶¹		μmol/L
25-hydroxycholecalciferol (a vitamin D)		8,⁶⁶² ⁶⁶³ 9⁶⁶⁴	40,⁶⁶⁵ 80⁶⁶⁶	30,⁶⁶⁷ 40⁶⁶⁸	65,⁶⁶⁹ 100⁶⁷⁰	ng/mL
25-hydroxycholecalciferol (a vitamin D)		20,⁶⁷¹ 23⁶⁷²	95,⁶⁷³ 150⁶⁷⁴	85,⁶⁷⁵ 100⁶⁷⁶	120,⁶⁷⁷ 160⁶⁷⁸	nmol/L
Vitamin E				28⁶⁷⁹		μmol/L
Vitamin E				1.2⁶⁸⁰		mg/dL

Toxic Substances

Test	Limit type	Limit	Unit
Lead	Optimal health range	< 20⁶⁸¹ or 40⁶⁸²	μg/dL
Blood ethanol content	Limit for drunk driving	0,⁶⁸³ 0.2,⁶⁸⁴ 0.8⁶⁸⁵	‰ or g/L
Blood ethanol content	Limit for drunk driving	17.4⁶⁸⁶	mmol/L

Hematology

Red blood cells

These values (except Hemoglobin in plasma) are for total blood and not only blood plasma.

Test	Patient	Lower limit	Upper limit	Unit	Comments
Hemoglobin (Hb)	Male	2.0,⁶⁸⁷ 2.1⁶⁸⁸ ⁶⁸⁹	2.5,⁶⁹⁰ 2.7⁶⁹¹ ⁶⁹²	mmol/L	Higher in neonates, lower in children.
	Male	130,⁶⁹³ 132,⁶⁹⁴ 135⁶⁹⁵	162,⁶⁹⁶ 170,⁶⁹⁷ 175⁶⁹⁸	g/L	Higher in neonates, lower in children.
	Female	1.8,⁶⁹⁹ 1.9⁷⁰⁰ ⁷⁰¹	2.3,⁷⁰² 2.5⁷⁰³ ⁷⁰⁴ ⁷⁰⁵	mmol/L	Sex difference negligible until adulthood.
	Female	120⁷⁰⁶ ⁷⁰⁷ ⁷⁰⁸	150,⁷⁰⁹ 152,⁷¹⁰ 160⁷¹¹ ⁷¹²	g/L	Sex difference negligible until adulthood.
Hemoglobin subunits (sometimes displayed simply as "Hemoglobin")	Male	8.0,⁷¹³ 8.4⁷¹⁴	10.0,⁷¹⁵ 10.8⁷¹⁶	mmol/L	4 per hemoglobin molecule
	Female	7.2,⁷¹⁷ 7.6⁷¹⁸	9.2,⁷¹⁹ 10.0⁷²⁰	mmol/L	4 per hemoglobin molecule
Hemoglobin in plasma		0.16⁷²¹	0.62⁷²²	μmol/L	Normally diminutive compared with inside red blood cells
Hemoglobin in plasma		1	4	mg/dL	Normally diminutive compared with inside red blood cells
Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)	< 50 years	3.6⁷²³	5.0⁷²⁴	% of Hb
Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)	> 50 years	3.9⁷²⁵	5.3⁷²⁶	% of Hb
Haptoglobin	< 50 years	0.35⁷²⁷	1.9⁷²⁸	g/L
Haptoglobin	> 50 years	0.47⁷²⁹	2.1⁷³⁰	g/L
Hematocrit (Hct)	Male	0.39,⁷³¹ 0.4,⁷³² 0.41,⁷³³ 0.45⁷³⁴	0.50,⁷³⁵ 0.52,⁷³⁶ 0.53,⁷³⁷ 0.62⁷³⁸	L/L
	Female	0.35,⁷³⁹ 0.36,⁷⁴⁰ 0.37⁷⁴¹ ⁷⁴²	0.46,⁷⁴³ ⁷⁴⁴ ⁷⁴⁵ 0.48⁷⁴⁶	L/L
	Child	0.31⁷⁴⁷	0.43⁷⁴⁸	L/L
Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)	Male	76,⁷⁴⁹ 82⁷⁵⁰	100,⁷⁵¹ 102⁷⁵²	fL	Cells are larger in neonates, though smaller in other children.
Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)	Female	78⁷⁵³	101⁷⁵⁴	fL
Red blood cell distribution width (RDW)		11.5⁷⁵⁵	14.5⁷⁵⁶	%
Mean cell hemoglobin (MCH)		0.39⁷⁵⁷	0.54⁷⁵⁸	fmol/cell
Mean cell hemoglobin (MCH)		25,⁷⁵⁹ 27⁷⁶⁰ ⁷⁶¹	32,⁷⁶² 33,⁷⁶³ 35⁷⁶⁴	pg/cell
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)		4.8,⁷⁶⁵ 5.0⁷⁶⁶	5.4,⁷⁶⁷ 5.6⁷⁶⁸	mmol/L
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)		31,⁷⁶⁹ 32⁷⁷⁰ ⁷⁷¹	35,⁷⁷² 36⁷⁷³ ⁷⁷⁴	g/dL or %⁷⁷⁵
Erythrocytes/Red blood cells (RBC)	Male	4.2,⁷⁷⁶ 4.3⁷⁷⁷ ⁷⁷⁸ ⁷⁷⁹	5.7,⁷⁸⁰ 5.9,⁷⁸¹ 6.2,⁷⁸² 6.9⁷⁸³	x1012/Lormillion/mm3
	Female	3.5,⁷⁸⁴ 3.8,⁷⁸⁵ 3.9⁷⁸⁶	5.1,⁷⁸⁷ 5.5⁷⁸⁸ ⁷⁸⁹
	Infant/Child	3.8⁷⁹⁰	5.5⁷⁹¹
Reticulocytes	Adult	26⁷⁹²	130⁷⁹³	x109/L
	Adult	0.5⁷⁹⁴ ⁷⁹⁵	1.5⁷⁹⁶ ⁷⁹⁷	% of RBC
	Newborn	1.1⁷⁹⁸	4.5⁷⁹⁹	% of RBC
	Infant	0.5⁸⁰⁰	3.1⁸⁰¹	% of RBC
Immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF)	Adult	1.6⁸⁰²	12.1⁸⁰³	% of reticulocytes
Reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent	Adult	30.0⁸⁰⁴	37.6⁸⁰⁵	%
Reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent	Adult	24.1⁸⁰⁶	35.8⁸⁰⁷	pg
Immature platelet fraction (IPF)	Adult	0.8⁸⁰⁸	5.6⁸⁰⁹	%

White blood cells

These values are for total blood and not only blood plasma.

Test	Patient type	Lower limit	Upper limit	Unit
White Blood Cell Count (WBC)	Adult	3.5,⁸¹⁰ 3.9,⁸¹¹ 4.1,⁸¹² 4.5⁸¹³	9.0,⁸¹⁴ 10.0,⁸¹⁵ 10.9,⁸¹⁶ 11⁸¹⁷	x109/L x103/mm3 or x103/μL
	Newborn	9⁸¹⁸	30⁸¹⁹
	1 year old	6⁸²⁰	18⁸²¹
Neutrophil granulocytes (A.K.A. grans, polys, PMNs, or segs)	Adult	1.3,⁸²² 1.8,⁸²³ 2⁸²⁴	5.4,⁸²⁵ 7,⁸²⁶ 8⁸²⁷	x109/L
	Adult	45–54⁸²⁸	62,⁸²⁹ 74	% of WBC
	Newborn	6⁸³⁰	26⁸³¹	x109/L
Neutrophilic band forms	Adult		0.7⁸³²	x109/L
Neutrophilic band forms	Adult	3⁸³³	5⁸³⁴	% of WBC
Lymphocytes	Adult	0.7,⁸³⁵ 1.0⁸³⁶ ⁸³⁷	3.5,⁸³⁸ 3.9,⁸³⁹ 4.8⁸⁴⁰	x109/L
	Adult	16–25⁸⁴¹	33,⁸⁴² 45	% of WBC
	Newborn	2⁸⁴³	11⁸⁴⁴	x109/L
Monocytes	Adult	0.1,⁸⁴⁵ 0.2⁸⁴⁶ ⁸⁴⁷	0.8⁸⁴⁸ ⁸⁴⁹ ⁸⁵⁰	x109/L
	Adult	3,⁸⁵¹ 4.0	7,⁸⁵² 10	% of WBC
	Newborn	0.4⁸⁵³	3.1⁸⁵⁴	x109/L
Mononuclear leukocytes (Lymphocytes + monocytes)	Adult	1.5	5	x109/L
Mononuclear leukocytes (Lymphocytes + monocytes)	Adult	20	35	% of WBC
CD4+ T cells	Adult	0.4,⁸⁵⁵ 0.5⁸⁵⁶	1.5,⁸⁵⁷ 1.8⁸⁵⁸	x109/L
Eosinophil granulocytes	Adult	0.0,⁸⁵⁹ 0.04⁸⁶⁰	0.44,⁸⁶¹ 0.45,⁸⁶² 0.5⁸⁶³	x109/L
	Adult	1⁸⁶⁴	3,⁸⁶⁵ 7	% of WBC
	Newborn	0.02⁸⁶⁶	0.85⁸⁶⁷	x109/L
Basophil granulocytes	Adult	40⁸⁶⁸	100,⁸⁶⁹ ⁸⁷⁰ 200,⁸⁷¹ 900⁸⁷²	x106/L
	Adult	0.0	0.75,⁸⁷³ 2	% of WBC
	Newborn		0.64⁸⁷⁴	x109/L

Coagulation

Test	Lower limit	Upper limit	Unit	Comments
Thrombocyte/Platelet count (Plt)	140,⁸⁷⁵ 150⁸⁷⁶ ⁸⁷⁷	350,⁸⁷⁸ ⁸⁷⁹ 400,⁸⁸⁰ 450⁸⁸¹	x109/L or x1000/μL
Mean platelet volume (MPV)	7.2,⁸⁸² 7.4,⁸⁸³ 7.5⁸⁸⁴	10.4,⁸⁸⁵ 11.5,⁸⁸⁶ 11.7⁸⁸⁷	fL
Prothrombin time (PT)	10,⁸⁸⁸ 11,⁸⁸⁹ ⁸⁹⁰ 12⁸⁹¹	13,⁸⁹² 13.5,⁸⁹³ 14,⁸⁹⁴ 15⁸⁹⁵	s	PT reference varies between laboratory kits – INR is standardised
INR	0.9⁸⁹⁶	1.2⁸⁹⁷		The INR is a corrected ratio of a patient's PT to normal
Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)	18,⁸⁹⁸ 30⁸⁹⁹ ⁹⁰⁰	28,⁹⁰¹ 42,⁹⁰² 45⁹⁰³	s
Thrombin clotting time (TCT)	11	18	s
Fibrinogen	1.7,⁹⁰⁴ 2.0⁹⁰⁵	3.6,⁹⁰⁶ 4.2⁹⁰⁷	g/L
Antithrombin	0.80⁹⁰⁸	1.2⁹⁰⁹	kIU/L
Antithrombin	0.15,⁹¹⁰ 0.17⁹¹¹	0.2,⁹¹² 0.39⁹¹³	mg/mL
Bleeding time	2	9	minutes
Viscosity	1.5⁹¹⁴	1.72⁹¹⁵	cP

Immunology

Acute phase proteins

Acute phase proteins are markers of inflammation.

Test	Patient	Lower limit	Upper limit	Unit	Comments
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR)	Male	0	Age÷2⁹¹⁶	mm/h	ESR increases with age and tends to be higher in females.⁹¹⁷
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR)	Female	0	(Age+10)÷2⁹¹⁸	mm/h
C-reactive protein (CRP)			5,⁹¹⁹ ⁹²⁰ 6⁹²¹	mg/L
C-reactive protein (CRP)			200,⁹²² 240⁹²³	nmol/L
Alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT)		20,⁹²⁴ 22⁹²⁵	38,⁹²⁶ 53⁹²⁷	μmol/L
Alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT)		89,⁹²⁸ 97⁹²⁹	170,⁹³⁰ 230⁹³¹	mg/dL
Procalcitonin			0.15⁹³²	ng/mL or μg/L

Isotypes of antibodies

Further information: Antibody

Test	Patient	Lower limit	Upper limit	Unit
IgA	Adult	70,⁹³³ 110⁹³⁴	360,⁹³⁵ 560⁹³⁶	mg/dL
IgD		0.5⁹³⁷	3.0⁹³⁸
IgE		0.01⁹³⁹	0.04⁹⁴⁰
IgG		800⁹⁴¹	1800⁹⁴²
IgM		54⁹⁴³	220⁹⁴⁴

Autoantibodies

For clinical associations, see Autoantibody.

Autoantibodies are usually absent or very low, so instead of being given in standard reference ranges, the values usually denote where they are said to be present, or whether the test is a positive test. There may also be an equivocal interval, where it is uncertain whether there is a significantly increased level.

Test	Negative	Equivocal	Positive	Unit
anti-SS-A (Ro)	< 1.0⁹⁴⁵	n/a	≥ 1.0⁹⁴⁶	Units (U)
anti-SS-B (La)	< 1.0⁹⁴⁷	n/a	≥ 1.0⁹⁴⁸	Units (U)
Anti ds-DNA	< 30.0⁹⁴⁹	30.0–75.0⁹⁵⁰	> 75.0⁹⁵¹	International Units per millilitre (IU/mL)
Anti ss-DNA	< 8⁹⁵²	8–10⁹⁵³	> 10⁹⁵⁴	Units per millilitre (U/mL)
Anti-histone antibodies	< 25⁹⁵⁵	n/a⁹⁵⁶	> 25⁹⁵⁷
Cytoplasmic anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (c-ANCA)	< 20⁹⁵⁸	21–30⁹⁵⁹	> 30⁹⁶⁰
Perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (p-ANCA)	< 5⁹⁶¹	n/a	> 5⁹⁶²
Anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA)	< 0.1⁹⁶³	0.1-0.9⁹⁶⁴	≥ 1.0⁹⁶⁵	Units (U)
Rheumatoid factor (RF)	< 20	20–30	> 30⁹⁶⁶	Units per millilitre (U/mL)
Antistreptolysin O titre (ASOT) in preschoolers			> 100
ASOT at school age			> 250⁹⁶⁷
ASOT in adults			> 125⁹⁶⁸

Test	Negative	Low/weak positive	Moderate positive	High/strong positive	Unit
Anti-phospholipid IgG	< 20⁹⁶⁹	20–30⁹⁷⁰	31–50⁹⁷¹	> 51⁹⁷²	GPLU/mL⁹⁷³
Anti-phospholipid IgM	< 1.5⁹⁷⁴	1.5–2.5⁹⁷⁵	2–9.9⁹⁷⁶	> 10⁹⁷⁷	MPL /mL⁹⁷⁸
Anti-phospholipid IgA	< 10⁹⁷⁹	10–20⁹⁸⁰	21–30⁹⁸¹	> 31⁹⁸²	arb U/mL⁹⁸³
Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies	< 20⁹⁸⁴	20–39⁹⁸⁵	40–59⁹⁸⁶	> 60⁹⁸⁷	EU⁹⁸⁸

Other immunology

Test	Lower limit	Upper limit	Unit
Serum free light chains (FLC): kappa/lambda ratio	0.26⁹⁸⁹	1.65⁹⁹⁰	(unitless)

Other enzymes and proteins

Test	Lower limit	Upper limit	Unit	Comments
Serum total protein	60,⁹⁹¹ 63⁹⁹²	78,⁹⁹³ 82,⁹⁹⁴ 84⁹⁹⁵	g/L	Further information: Serum total protein § Interpretation
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)	50⁹⁹⁶	150⁹⁹⁷	U/L
	0.4⁹⁹⁸	1.7⁹⁹⁹	μmol/L
	1.8¹⁰⁰⁰	3.4¹⁰⁰¹	μkat/L	< 70 years old¹⁰⁰²
Amylase	25,¹⁰⁰³ 30,¹⁰⁰⁴ 53¹⁰⁰⁵	110,¹⁰⁰⁶ 120,¹⁰⁰⁷ 123,¹⁰⁰⁸ 125,¹⁰⁰⁹ 190¹⁰¹⁰	U/L
	0.15¹⁰¹¹	1.1¹⁰¹²	μkat/L
	200¹⁰¹³	240¹⁰¹⁴	nmol/L
D-dimer -more detailed ranges in D-dimer article	n/a	500¹⁰¹⁵	ng/mL	Higher in pregnant women¹⁰¹⁶
D-dimer -more detailed ranges in D-dimer article	n/a	0.5¹⁰¹⁷	mg/L	Higher in pregnant women¹⁰¹⁶
Lipase	7,¹⁰¹⁸ 10,¹⁰¹⁹ 23¹⁰²⁰	60,¹⁰²¹ 150,¹⁰²² 208¹⁰²³	U/L
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)	23¹⁰²⁴	57¹⁰²⁵	U/L
Acid phosphatase		3.0¹⁰²⁶	ng/mL
Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP)	2.3¹⁰²⁷	16¹⁰²⁸	μg/L

Other electrolytes and metabolites

Electrolytes and metabolites: For iron and copper, some related proteins are also included.

Test	Patient type	Lower limit	Upper limit	Unit	Comments
Osmolality		275,¹⁰²⁹ 280,¹⁰³⁰ 281¹⁰³¹	295,¹⁰³² 296,¹⁰³³ 297¹⁰³⁴	mOsm/kg	Plasma weight excludes solutes
Osmolarity		Slightly less than osmolality		mOsm/L	Plasma volume includes solutes
Urea		3.0¹⁰³⁵	7.0¹⁰³⁶	mmol/L	BUN – blood urea nitrogen
Urea		7¹⁰³⁷	18,¹⁰³⁸ 21¹⁰³⁹	mg/dL	BUN – blood urea nitrogen
* Uric acid ¹⁰⁴⁰		0.18¹⁰⁴¹	0.48¹⁰⁴²	mmol/L
	Female	2.0¹⁰⁴³	7.0¹⁰⁴⁴	mg/dL
	Male	2.1¹⁰⁴⁵	8.5¹⁰⁴⁶	mg/dL
Creatinine	Male	60,¹⁰⁴⁷ 68¹⁰⁴⁸	90,¹⁰⁴⁹ 118¹⁰⁵⁰	μmol/L	May be complemented with creatinine clearance
	Male	0.7,¹⁰⁵¹ 0.8¹⁰⁵²	1.0,¹⁰⁵³ 1.3¹⁰⁵⁴	mg/dL
	Female	50,¹⁰⁵⁵ 68¹⁰⁵⁶	90,¹⁰⁵⁷ 98¹⁰⁵⁸	μmol/L
	Female	0.6,¹⁰⁵⁹ 0.8¹⁰⁶⁰	1.0,¹⁰⁶¹ 1.1¹⁰⁶²	mg/dL
BUN/Creatinine Ratio		5¹⁰⁶³	35¹⁰⁶⁴	–
Plasma glucose (fasting)		3.8,¹⁰⁶⁵ 4.0¹⁰⁶⁶	6.0,¹⁰⁶⁷ 6.1¹⁰⁶⁸	mmol/L	See also glycated hemoglobin (in hematology)
Plasma glucose (fasting)		65,¹⁰⁶⁹ 70,¹⁰⁷⁰ 72¹⁰⁷¹	100,¹⁰⁷² 110¹⁰⁷³	mg/dL
Full blood glucose (fasting)		3.3¹⁰⁷⁴	5.6¹⁰⁷⁵	mmol/L
Full blood glucose (fasting)		60¹⁰⁷⁶	100¹⁰⁷⁷	mg/dL
Random glucose		3.9¹⁰⁷⁸	7.8¹⁰⁷⁹	mmol/L
Random glucose		70¹⁰⁸⁰	140¹⁰⁸¹	mg/dL
Lactate (Venous)		4.5¹⁰⁸²	19.8¹⁰⁸³	mg/dL
Lactate (Venous)		0.5¹⁰⁸⁴	2.2¹⁰⁸⁵	mmol/L
Lactate (Arterial)		4.5¹⁰⁸⁶	14.4¹⁰⁸⁷	mg/dL
Lactate (Arterial)		0.5¹⁰⁸⁸	1.6¹⁰⁸⁹	mmol/L
Pyruvate		300¹⁰⁹⁰	900¹⁰⁹¹	μg/dL
Pyruvate		34¹⁰⁹²	102¹⁰⁹³	μmol/L
Ketones			1¹⁰⁹⁴	mg/dL
Ketones			0.1¹⁰⁹⁵	mmol/L

Medication

Test	Lower limit	Upper limit	Unit	Comments
Digoxin	0.5¹⁰⁹⁶	2.0¹⁰⁹⁷	ng/mL	Narrow therapeutic window
Digoxin	0.6¹⁰⁹⁸	2.6¹⁰⁹⁹	nmol/L	Narrow therapeutic window
Lithium	0.4,¹¹⁰⁰ 0.5,¹¹⁰¹ ¹¹⁰² 0.8¹¹⁰³	1.3¹¹⁰⁴ ¹¹⁰⁵	mmol/L	Narrow therapeutic window
Paracetamol		30¹¹⁰⁶	mg/L	Risk of paracetamol toxicity at higher levels
Paracetamol		200¹¹⁰⁷	μmol/L	Risk of paracetamol toxicity at higher levels

Notes

External links

References

"Reference Ranges and What They Mean". Lab Tests Online (USA). Archived from the original on 28 August 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130828020717/http://labtestsonline.org/understanding/features/ref-ranges/start/6 ↩
Page 19 in: Stephen K. Bangert MA MB BChir MSc MBA FRCPath; William J. Marshall MA MSc MBBS FRCP FRCPath FRCPEdin FIBiol; Marshall, William Leonard (2008). Clinical biochemistry: metabolic and clinical aspects. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-443-10186-1.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) 978-0-443-10186-1 ↩
Bransky A, Larsson A, Aardal E, Ben-Yosef Y, Christenson RH (2021). "A Novel Approach to Hematology Testing at the Point of Care". J Appl Lab Med. 6 (2): 532–542. doi:10.1093/jalm/jfaa186. PMC 7798949. PMID 33274357.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7798949 ↩
"Units of measurement" in Medical toxicology, Richard C. Dart Edition: 3, illustrated, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2004, p. 34 ISBN 978-0-7817-2845-4 1914 pages https://books.google.com/books?id=BfdighlyGiwC ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
"Arterial versus venous reference ranges", Medical Laboratory Observer, April, 2000 by D. Robert Dufour http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3230/is_4_32/ai_61893437/ ↩
"Arterial versus venous reference ranges", Medical Laboratory Observer, April, 2000 by D. Robert Dufour http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3230/is_4_32/ai_61893437/ ↩
Ashvarya Mangla. "Troponins". medscape. Retrieved 2017-07-24. Updated: Jan 14, 2015 http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2073935-overview ↩
Brenden CK, Hollander JE, Guss D, et al. (May 2006). "Gray zone BNP levels in heart failure patients in the emergency department: results from the Rapid Emergency Department Heart Failure Outpatient Trial (REDHOT) multicenter study". American Heart Journal. 151 (5): 1006–11. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2005.10.017. PMID 16644322. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Strunk A, Bhalla V, Clopton P, et al. (January 2006). "Impact of the history of congestive heart failure on the utility of B-type natriuretic peptide in the emergency diagnosis of heart failure: results from the Breathing Not Properly Multinational Study". The American Journal of Medicine. 119 (1): 69.e1–11. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.04.029. PMID 16431187. https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.amjmed.2005.04.029 ↩
Abbassi-Ghanavati, M.; Greer, L. G.; Cunningham, F. G. (2009). "Pregnancy and Laboratory Studies". Obstetrics & Gynecology. 114 (6): 1326–31. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181c2bde8. PMID 19935037. S2CID 24249021. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Armbruster, David; Miller (August 2007). "The Joint Committee for Traceability in Laboratory Medicine (JCTLM): A Global Approach to Promote the Standardisation of Clinical Laboratory Test Results". The Clinical Biochemist Reviews. 28 (3): 105–14. PMC 1994110. PMID 17909615. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1994110 ↩
William Q. Meeker & Gerald J. Hahn (1982). "Sample Sizes for Prediction Intervals". Journal of Quality Technology. 14 (4): 201–206. doi:10.1080/00224065.1982.11978821. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
PROOPIOMELANOCORTIN; NCBI / POMC Retrieved on September 28, 2009 https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P01189 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 22.99 g•mol−1 ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 22.99 g•mol−1 ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 22.99 g•mol−1 ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 22.99 g•mol−1 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 39.10 g•mol−1 ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 39.10 g•mol−1 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Merck Manuals > Common Medical Tests > Blood Tests Last full review/revision February 2003 http://www.merck.com/mmhe/appendixes/ap2/ap2b.html ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Merck Manuals > Common Medical Tests > Blood Tests Last full review/revision February 2003 http://www.merck.com/mmhe/appendixes/ap2/ap2b.html ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 35.45 g•mol−1 ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 35.45 g•mol−1 ↩
Larsson L, Ohman S (November 1978). "Serum ionized calcium and corrected total calcium in borderline hyperparathyroidism". Clin. Chem. 24 (11): 1962–65. doi:10.1093/clinchem/24.11.1962. PMID 709830. http://www.clinchem.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=709830 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Larsson L, Ohman S (November 1978). "Serum ionized calcium and corrected total calcium in borderline hyperparathyroidism". Clin. Chem. 24 (11): 1962–65. doi:10.1093/clinchem/24.11.1962. PMID 709830. http://www.clinchem.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=709830 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 40.08 g•mol−1 ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 40.08 g•mol−1 ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 40.08 g•mol−1 ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 40.08 g•mol−1 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 40.08 g•mol−1 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 40.08 g•mol−1 ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 40.08 g•mol−1 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Slon S (2006-09-22). "Serum Iron". University of Illinois Medical Center. Archived from the original on 2006-10-28. Retrieved 2006-07-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20061028111833/http://uimc.discoveryhospital.com/main.php?t=enc&id=1456 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Slon S (2006-09-22). "Serum Iron". University of Illinois Medical Center. Archived from the original on 2006-10-28. Retrieved 2006-07-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20061028111833/http://uimc.discoveryhospital.com/main.php?t=enc&id=1456 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Diagnostic Chemicals Limited > Serum Iron-SL Assay Archived 2009-01-06 at the Wayback Machine July 15, 2005 http://www.dclmexico.com/ingles/hierro_sl.pdf ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 55.85 g•mol−1 ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 55.85 g•mol−1 ↩
Diagnostic Chemicals Limited > Serum Iron-SL Assay Archived 2009-01-06 at the Wayback Machine July 15, 2005 http://www.dclmexico.com/ingles/hierro_sl.pdf ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 55.85 g•mol−1 ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 55.85 g•mol−1 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Slon S (2006-09-22). "Serum Iron". University of Illinois Medical Center. Archived from the original on 2006-10-28. Retrieved 2006-07-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20061028111833/http://uimc.discoveryhospital.com/main.php?t=enc&id=1456 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Slon S (2006-09-22). "Serum Iron". University of Illinois Medical Center. Archived from the original on 2006-10-28. Retrieved 2006-07-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20061028111833/http://uimc.discoveryhospital.com/main.php?t=enc&id=1456 ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 55.85 g•mol−1 ↩
Diagnostic Chemicals Limited > Serum Iron-SL Assay Archived 2009-01-06 at the Wayback Machine July 15, 2005 http://www.dclmexico.com/ingles/hierro_sl.pdf ↩
Diagnostic Chemicals Limited > Serum Iron-SL Assay Archived 2009-01-06 at the Wayback Machine July 15, 2005 http://www.dclmexico.com/ingles/hierro_sl.pdf ↩
Slon S (2006-09-22). "Serum Iron". University of Illinois Medical Center. Archived from the original on 2006-10-28. Retrieved 2006-07-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20061028111833/http://uimc.discoveryhospital.com/main.php?t=enc&id=1456 ↩
Slon S (2006-09-22). "Serum Iron". University of Illinois Medical Center. Archived from the original on 2006-10-28. Retrieved 2006-07-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20061028111833/http://uimc.discoveryhospital.com/main.php?t=enc&id=1456 ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 55.85 g•mol−1 ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 55.85 g•mol−1 ↩
Slon S (2006-09-22). "Serum Iron". University of Illinois Medical Center. Archived from the original on 2006-10-28. Retrieved 2006-07-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20061028111833/http://uimc.discoveryhospital.com/main.php?t=enc&id=1456 ↩
Slon S (2006-09-22). "Serum Iron". University of Illinois Medical Center. Archived from the original on 2006-10-28. Retrieved 2006-07-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20061028111833/http://uimc.discoveryhospital.com/main.php?t=enc&id=1456 ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 55.85 g•mol−1 ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 55.85 g•mol−1 ↩
Slon S (2006-09-22). "Serum Iron". University of Illinois Medical Center. Archived from the original on 2006-10-28. Retrieved 2006-07-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20061028111833/http://uimc.discoveryhospital.com/main.php?t=enc&id=1456 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Slon S (2006-09-22). "Serum Iron". University of Illinois Medical Center. Archived from the original on 2006-10-28. Retrieved 2006-07-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20061028111833/http://uimc.discoveryhospital.com/main.php?t=enc&id=1456 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 55.85 g•mol−1 ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 55.85 g•mol−1 ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 55.85 g•mol−1 ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 55.85 g•mol−1 ↩
Table 1. Page 133" Clinical Chemistry 45, No. 1, 1999 (stating 1.9–3.3 g/L) http://www.clinchem.org/cgi/reprint/45/1/131.pdf ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Table 1. Page 133" Clinical Chemistry 45, No. 1, 1999 (stating 1.9–3.3 g/L) http://www.clinchem.org/cgi/reprint/45/1/131.pdf ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Derived by dividing mass values with molar mass ↩
Derived by dividing mass values with molar mass ↩
Slon S (2006-09-22). "Serum Iron". University of Illinois Medical Center. Archived from the original on 2006-10-28. Retrieved 2006-07-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20061028111833/http://uimc.discoveryhospital.com/main.php?t=enc&id=1456 ↩
Slon S (2006-09-22). "Serum Iron". University of Illinois Medical Center. Archived from the original on 2006-10-28. Retrieved 2006-07-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20061028111833/http://uimc.discoveryhospital.com/main.php?t=enc&id=1456 ↩
Ferritin by: Mark Levin, MD, Hematologist and Oncologist, Newark, NJ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003490.htm ↩
Ferritin by: Mark Levin, MD, Hematologist and Oncologist, Newark, NJ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003490.htm ↩
Andrea Duchini. "Hemochromatosis Workup". Medscape. Retrieved 2016-07-14. Updated: Jan 02, 2016 http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/177216-workup#c8 ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 450,000 g•mol−1 ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 450,000 g•mol−1 ↩
Ferritin by: Mark Levin, MD, Hematologist and Oncologist, Newark, NJ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003490.htm ↩
Ferritin by: Mark Levin, MD, Hematologist and Oncologist, Newark, NJ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003490.htm ↩
Andrea Duchini. "Hemochromatosis Workup". Medscape. Retrieved 2016-07-14. Updated: Jan 02, 2016 http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/177216-workup#c8 ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 450,000 g•mol−1 ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 450,000 g•mol−1 ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 450,000 g•mol−1 ↩
Mitchell ML, Filippone MD, Wozniak TF (August 2001). "Metastatic carcinomatous cirrhosis and hepatic hemosiderosis in a patient heterozygous for the H63D genotype". Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 125 (8): 1084–87. doi:10.5858/2001-125-1084-MCCAHH. PMID 11473464. http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0003-9985&volume=125&page=1084 ↩
Diaz J, Tornel PL, Martinez P (July 1995). "Reference intervals for blood ammonia in healthy subjects, determined by microdiffusion". Clin. Chem. 41 (7): 1048. doi:10.1093/clinchem/41.7.1048a. PMID 7600690. https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fclinchem%2F41.7.1048a ↩
Mitchell ML, Filippone MD, Wozniak TF (August 2001). "Metastatic carcinomatous cirrhosis and hepatic hemosiderosis in a patient heterozygous for the H63D genotype". Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 125 (8): 1084–87. doi:10.5858/2001-125-1084-MCCAHH. PMID 11473464. http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0003-9985&volume=125&page=1084 ↩
Diaz J, Tornel PL, Martinez P (July 1995). "Reference intervals for blood ammonia in healthy subjects, determined by microdiffusion". Clin. Chem. 41 (7): 1048. doi:10.1093/clinchem/41.7.1048a. PMID 7600690. https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fclinchem%2F41.7.1048a ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 17.03 g/mol ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 17.03 g/mol ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 17.03 g/mol ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 17.03 g/mol ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 63.55 g•mol−1 ↩
"Reference range for copper". GPnotebook. https://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=1040580630 ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 63.55 g•mol−1 ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Derived from mass using molar mass of 151kDa ↩
Derived from mass using molar mass of 151kDa ↩
Walter F. Boron (2005). Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approaoch. Elsevier/Saunders. p. 849. ISBN 978-1-4160-2328-9. 978-1-4160-2328-9 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-03-07. Retrieved 2010-01-17.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) https://web.archive.org/web/20100307231954/http://www.dlolab.com/PDFs/DLO-OCTOBER-2008-LAB-UPDATE.pdf ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 65.38 g/mol ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 65.38 g/mol ↩
"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-03-07. Retrieved 2010-01-17.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) https://web.archive.org/web/20100307231954/http://www.dlolab.com/PDFs/DLO-OCTOBER-2008-LAB-UPDATE.pdf ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 65.38 g/mol ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 65.38 g/mol ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 24.31 g/mol ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 24.31 g/mol ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 24.31 g/mol ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 24.31 g/mol ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
"Arterial versus venous reference ranges", Medical Laboratory Observer, April, 2000 by D. Robert Dufour http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3230/is_4_32/ai_61893437/ ↩
Middleton P, Kelly AM, Brown J, Robertson M (August 2006). "Agreements between arterial and central venous values for pH, bicarbonate, base excess, and lactate". Emerg Med J. 23 (8): 622–24. doi:10.1136/emj.2006.035915. PMC 2564165. PMID 16858095. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2564165 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
The Medical Education Division of the Brookside Associates / ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) Retrieved on Dec 6, 2009 http://www.brooksidepress.org/Products/OperationalMedicine/DATA/operationalmed/Lab/ABG_ArterialBloodGas.htm ↩
The Medical Education Division of the Brookside Associates / ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) Retrieved on Dec 6, 2009 http://www.brooksidepress.org/Products/OperationalMedicine/DATA/operationalmed/Lab/ABG_ArterialBloodGas.htm ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 1.01 g•mol−1 ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 1.01 g•mol−1 ↩
The Medical Education Division of the Brookside Associates / ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) Retrieved on Dec 6, 2009 http://www.brooksidepress.org/Products/OperationalMedicine/DATA/operationalmed/Lab/ABG_ArterialBloodGas.htm ↩
The Medical Education Division of the Brookside Associates / ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) Retrieved on Dec 6, 2009 http://www.brooksidepress.org/Products/OperationalMedicine/DATA/operationalmed/Lab/ABG_ArterialBloodGas.htm ↩
The Medical Education Division of the Brookside Associates / ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) Retrieved on Dec 6, 2009 http://www.brooksidepress.org/Products/OperationalMedicine/DATA/operationalmed/Lab/ABG_ArterialBloodGas.htm ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Derived from mmHg values using 0.133322 kPa/mmHg ↩
Derived from mmHg values using 0.133322 kPa/mmHg ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Derived from mmHg values using 0.133322 kPa/mmHg ↩
Derived from mmHg values using 0.133322 kPa/mmHg ↩
The Medical Education Division of the Brookside Associates / ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) Retrieved on Dec 6, 2009 http://www.brooksidepress.org/Products/OperationalMedicine/DATA/operationalmed/Lab/ABG_ArterialBloodGas.htm ↩
The Medical Education Division of the Brookside Associates / ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) Retrieved on Dec 6, 2009 http://www.brooksidepress.org/Products/OperationalMedicine/DATA/operationalmed/Lab/ABG_ArterialBloodGas.htm ↩
The Medical Education Division of the Brookside Associates / ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) Retrieved on Dec 6, 2009 http://www.brooksidepress.org/Products/OperationalMedicine/DATA/operationalmed/Lab/ABG_ArterialBloodGas.htm ↩
Merck Manuals > Common Medical Tests > Blood Tests Last full review/revision February 2003 http://www.merck.com/mmhe/appendixes/ap2/ap2b.html ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Merck Manuals > Common Medical Tests > Blood Tests Last full review/revision February 2003 http://www.merck.com/mmhe/appendixes/ap2/ap2b.html ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Merck Manuals > Common Medical Tests > Blood Tests Last full review/revision February 2003 http://www.merck.com/mmhe/appendixes/ap2/ap2b.html ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Derived from mmHg values using 0.133322 kPa/mmHg ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Derived from mmHg values using 0.133322 kPa/mmHg ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Derived from mmHg values using 0.133322 kPa/mmHg ↩
Derived from mmHg values using 0.133322 kPa/mmHg ↩
The Medical Education Division of the Brookside Associates / ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) Retrieved on Dec 6, 2009 http://www.brooksidepress.org/Products/OperationalMedicine/DATA/operationalmed/Lab/ABG_ArterialBloodGas.htm ↩
The Medical Education Division of the Brookside Associates / ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) Retrieved on Dec 6, 2009 http://www.brooksidepress.org/Products/OperationalMedicine/DATA/operationalmed/Lab/ABG_ArterialBloodGas.htm ↩
The Medical Education Division of the Brookside Associates / ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) Retrieved on Dec 6, 2009 http://www.brooksidepress.org/Products/OperationalMedicine/DATA/operationalmed/Lab/ABG_ArterialBloodGas.htm ↩
The Medical Education Division of the Brookside Associates / ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) Retrieved on Dec 6, 2009 http://www.brooksidepress.org/Products/OperationalMedicine/DATA/operationalmed/Lab/ABG_ArterialBloodGas.htm ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 44.010 g/mol ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 44.010 g/mol ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 61 g/mol ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 61 g/mol ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 61 g/mol ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 61 g/mol ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
"Reference range (albumin)". GPnotebook. https://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=288686147 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Derived from mass using molecular weight of 65kD ↩
Derived from mass using molecular weight of 65kD ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 585g/mol ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 585g/mol ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 585g/mol ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 585g/mol ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 585g/mol ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 585g/mol ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 585g/mol ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Fachwörterbuch Kompakt Medizin E-D/D-E. Author: Fritz-Jürgen Nöhring. Edition 2. Publisher:Elsevier, Urban&FischerVerlag, 2004. ISBN 978-3-437-15120-0. Length: 1288 pages /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Merck Manuals > Common Medical Tests > Blood Tests Last full review/revision February 2003 http://www.merck.com/mmhe/appendixes/ap2/ap2b.html ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
GPnotebook > reference range (AST) Archived 2017-01-07 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on Dec 7, 2009 http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=322240579 ↩
GPnotebook > reference range (AST) Archived 2017-01-07 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on Dec 7, 2009 http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=322240579 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
GPnotebook > reference range (AST) Archived 2017-01-07 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on Dec 7, 2009 http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=322240579 ↩
GPnotebook > reference range (AST) Archived 2017-01-07 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on Dec 7, 2009 http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=322240579 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Fachwörterbuch Kompakt Medizin E-D/D-E. Author: Fritz-Jürgen Nöhring. Edition 2. Publisher:Elsevier, Urban&FischerVerlag, 2004. ISBN 978-3-437-15120-0. Length: 1288 pages /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩
Fachwörterbuch Kompakt Medizin E-D/D-E. Author: Fritz-Jürgen Nöhring. Edition 2. Publisher:Elsevier, Urban&FischerVerlag, 2004. ISBN 978-3-437-15120-0. Length: 1288 pages /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩
Fachwörterbuch Kompakt Medizin E-D/D-E. Author: Fritz-Jürgen Nöhring. Edition 2. Publisher:Elsevier, Urban&FischerVerlag, 2004. ISBN 978-3-437-15120-0. Length: 1288 pages /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩
Fachwörterbuch Kompakt Medizin E-D/D-E. Author: Fritz-Jürgen Nöhring. Edition 2. Publisher:Elsevier, Urban&FischerVerlag, 2004. ISBN 978-3-437-15120-0. Length: 1288 pages /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩
Fachwörterbuch Kompakt Medizin E-D/D-E. Author: Fritz-Jürgen Nöhring. Edition 2. Publisher:Elsevier, Urban&FischerVerlag, 2004. ISBN 978-3-437-15120-0. Length: 1288 pages /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Fachwörterbuch Kompakt Medizin E-D/D-E. Author: Fritz-Jürgen Nöhring. Edition 2. Publisher:Elsevier, Urban&FischerVerlag, 2004. ISBN 978-3-437-15120-0. Length: 1288 pages /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
"Gamma-GT". Leistungsverzeichnis. Medizinisch-Diagnostische Institute. Archived from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 20 November 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20120425233448/http://www.mdi-labor.de/l_leistungsverzeichnis_detail.php?u_id=663&init=letter ↩
"Gamma-GT". Leistungsverzeichnis. Medizinisch-Diagnostische Institute. Archived from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 20 November 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20120425233448/http://www.mdi-labor.de/l_leistungsverzeichnis_detail.php?u_id=663&init=letter ↩
"Creatine kinase". GPnotebook. https://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=1436155929 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Fachwörterbuch Kompakt Medizin E-D/D-E. Author: Fritz-Jürgen Nöhring. Edition 2. Publisher:Elsevier, Urban&FischerVerlag, 2004. ISBN 978-3-437-15120-0. Length: 1288 pages /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Fachwörterbuch Kompakt Medizin E-D/D-E. Author: Fritz-Jürgen Nöhring. Edition 2. Publisher:Elsevier, Urban&FischerVerlag, 2004. ISBN 978-3-437-15120-0. Length: 1288 pages /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩
Page 585 in: Lee, Mary Ann (2009). Basic Skills in Interpreting Laboratory Data. Amer Soc of Health System. ISBN 978-1-58528-180-0. 978-1-58528-180-0 ↩
Page 585 in: Lee, Mary Ann (2009). Basic Skills in Interpreting Laboratory Data. Amer Soc of Health System. ISBN 978-1-58528-180-0. 978-1-58528-180-0 ↩
"Creatine kinase". GPnotebook. https://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=1436155929 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Fachwörterbuch Kompakt Medizin E-D/D-E. Author: Fritz-Jürgen Nöhring. Edition 2. Publisher:Elsevier, Urban&FischerVerlag, 2004. ISBN 978-3-437-15120-0. Length: 1288 pages /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩
Page 585 in: Lee, Mary Ann (2009). Basic Skills in Interpreting Laboratory Data. Amer Soc of Health System. ISBN 978-1-58528-180-0. 978-1-58528-180-0 ↩
Page 585 in: Lee, Mary Ann (2009). Basic Skills in Interpreting Laboratory Data. Amer Soc of Health System. ISBN 978-1-58528-180-0. 978-1-58528-180-0 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Fachwörterbuch Kompakt Medizin E-D/D-E. Author: Fritz-Jürgen Nöhring. Edition 2. Publisher:Elsevier, Urban&FischerVerlag, 2004. ISBN 978-3-437-15120-0. Length: 1288 pages /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Muscle Information and Courses from MediaLab, Inc. > Cardiac Biomarkers Retrieved on April 22, 2010 http://www.medialabinc.net/muscle-keyword.aspx ↩
Muscle Information and Courses from MediaLab, Inc. > Cardiac Biomarkers Retrieved on April 22, 2010 http://www.medialabinc.net/muscle-keyword.aspx ↩
Muscle Information and Courses from MediaLab, Inc. > Cardiac Biomarkers Retrieved on April 22, 2010 http://www.medialabinc.net/muscle-keyword.aspx ↩
Muscle Information and Courses from MediaLab, Inc. > Cardiac Biomarkers Retrieved on April 22, 2010 http://www.medialabinc.net/muscle-keyword.aspx ↩
Ashvarya Mangla. "Troponins". medscape. Retrieved 2017-07-24. Updated: Jan 14, 2015 http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2073935-overview ↩
Ashvarya Mangla. "Troponins". medscape. Retrieved 2017-07-24. Updated: Jan 14, 2015 http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2073935-overview ↩
Ashvarya Mangla. "Troponins". medscape. Retrieved 2017-07-24. Updated: Jan 14, 2015 http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2073935-overview ↩
Ashvarya Mangla. "Troponins". medscape. Retrieved 2017-07-24. Updated: Jan 14, 2015 http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2073935-overview ↩
Caselli, C.; Cangemi, G.; Masotti, S.; Ragusa, R.; Gennai, I.; Del Ry, S.; Prontera, C.; Clerico, A. (2016-07-01). "Plasma cardiac troponin I concentrations in healthy neonates, children and adolescents measured with a high sensitive immunoassay method: High sensitive troponin I in pediatric age". Clinica Chimica Acta. 458: 68–71. doi:10.1016/j.cca.2016.04.029. ISSN 0009-8981. PMID 27118089. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0009898116301553 ↩
Baum, Hannsjörg; Hinze, Anika; Bartels, Peter; Neumeier, Dieter (2004-12-01). "Reference values for cardiac troponins T and I in healthy neonates". Clinical Biochemistry. 37 (12): 1079–82. doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2004.08.003. ISSN 0009-9120. PMID 15589813. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009912004002218 ↩
Brenden CK, Hollander JE, Guss D, et al. (May 2006). "Gray zone BNP levels in heart failure patients in the emergency department: results from the Rapid Emergency Department Heart Failure Outpatient Trial (REDHOT) multicenter study". American Heart Journal. 151 (5): 1006–11. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2005.10.017. PMID 16644322. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Strunk A, Bhalla V, Clopton P, et al. (January 2006). "Impact of the history of congestive heart failure on the utility of B-type natriuretic peptide in the emergency diagnosis of heart failure: results from the Breathing Not Properly Multinational Study". The American Journal of Medicine. 119 (1): 69.e1–11. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.04.029. PMID 16431187. https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.amjmed.2005.04.029 ↩
Brenden CK, Hollander JE, Guss D, et al. (May 2006). "Gray zone BNP levels in heart failure patients in the emergency department: results from the Rapid Emergency Department Heart Failure Outpatient Trial (REDHOT) multicenter study". American Heart Journal. 151 (5): 1006–11. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2005.10.017. PMID 16644322. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Strunk A, Bhalla V, Clopton P, et al. (January 2006). "Impact of the history of congestive heart failure on the utility of B-type natriuretic peptide in the emergency diagnosis of heart failure: results from the Breathing Not Properly Multinational Study". The American Journal of Medicine. 119 (1): 69.e1–11. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.04.029. PMID 16431187. https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.amjmed.2005.04.029 ↩
Brenden CK, Hollander JE, Guss D, et al. (May 2006). "Gray zone BNP levels in heart failure patients in the emergency department: results from the Rapid Emergency Department Heart Failure Outpatient Trial (REDHOT) multicenter study". American Heart Journal. 151 (5): 1006–11. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2005.10.017. PMID 16644322. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Strunk A, Bhalla V, Clopton P, et al. (January 2006). "Impact of the history of congestive heart failure on the utility of B-type natriuretic peptide in the emergency diagnosis of heart failure: results from the Breathing Not Properly Multinational Study". The American Journal of Medicine. 119 (1): 69.e1–11. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.04.029. PMID 16431187. https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.amjmed.2005.04.029 ↩
Page 220 in: Lee, Mary Ann (2009). Basic Skills in Interpreting Laboratory Data. Amer Soc of Health System. ISBN 978-1-58528-180-0. 978-1-58528-180-0 ↩
Page 220 in: Lee, Mary Ann (2009). Basic Skills in Interpreting Laboratory Data. Amer Soc of Health System. ISBN 978-1-58528-180-0. 978-1-58528-180-0 ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Adëeva Nutritionals Canada > Optimal blood test values Archived 2009-05-29 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on July 9, 2009 http://www.adeeva.com/resources/bloodtestscomplete.html ↩
Adëeva Nutritionals Canada > Optimal blood test values Archived 2009-05-29 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on July 9, 2009 http://www.adeeva.com/resources/bloodtestscomplete.html ↩
Derived from values in mg/dL to mmol/L, by dividing by 89, according to faqs.org: What are mg/dL and mmol/L? How to convert? Glucose? Cholesterol? Last Update July 21, 2009. Retrieved on July 21, 2009 http://www.faqs.org/faqs/diabetes/faq/part1/section-9.html ↩
Derived from values in mg/dL to mmol/L, by dividing by 89, according to faqs.org: What are mg/dL and mmol/L? How to convert? Glucose? Cholesterol? Last Update July 21, 2009. Retrieved on July 21, 2009 http://www.faqs.org/faqs/diabetes/faq/part1/section-9.html ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Derived from values in mg/dL to mmol/L, by dividing by 89, according to faqs.org: What are mg/dL and mmol/L? How to convert? Glucose? Cholesterol? Last Update July 21, 2009. Retrieved on July 21, 2009 http://www.faqs.org/faqs/diabetes/faq/part1/section-9.html ↩
Derived from values in mg/dL to mmol/L, by dividing by 89, according to faqs.org: What are mg/dL and mmol/L? How to convert? Glucose? Cholesterol? Last Update July 21, 2009. Retrieved on July 21, 2009 http://www.faqs.org/faqs/diabetes/faq/part1/section-9.html ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Derived from values in mg/dL to mmol/L, by dividing by 89, according to faqs.org: What are mg/dL and mmol/L? How to convert? Glucose? Cholesterol? Last Update July 21, 2009. Retrieved on July 21, 2009 http://www.faqs.org/faqs/diabetes/faq/part1/section-9.html ↩
Derived from values in mg/dL to mmol/L, by dividing by 89, according to faqs.org: What are mg/dL and mmol/L? How to convert? Glucose? Cholesterol? Last Update July 21, 2009. Retrieved on July 21, 2009 http://www.faqs.org/faqs/diabetes/faq/part1/section-9.html ↩
Derived from values in mg/dL to mmol/L, using molar mass of 386.65 g/mol ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Derived from values in mg/dL to mmol/L, using molar mass of 386.65 g/mol ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
"Reference range (cholesterol)". GPnotebook. https://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=-214630397 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Adëeva Nutritionals Canada > Optimal blood test values Archived 2009-05-29 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on July 9, 2009 http://www.adeeva.com/resources/bloodtestscomplete.html ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Adëeva Nutritionals Canada > Optimal blood test values Archived 2009-05-29 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on July 9, 2009 http://www.adeeva.com/resources/bloodtestscomplete.html ↩
Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia; Cholesterol (HDL and LDL) – plasma or serum Last Updated: Monday, 6 August 2007 http://www.rcpamanual.edu.au/sections/pathologytest.asp?s=33&i=450 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Derived from values in mg/dL to mmol/L, using molar mass of 386.65 g/mol ↩
Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia; Cholesterol (HDL and LDL) – plasma or serum Last Updated: Monday, 6 August 2007 http://www.rcpamanual.edu.au/sections/pathologytest.asp?s=33&i=450 ↩
Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia; Cholesterol (HDL and LDL) – plasma or serum Last Updated: Monday, 6 August 2007 http://www.rcpamanual.edu.au/sections/pathologytest.asp?s=33&i=450 ↩
Derived from values in mg/dL to mmol/L, using molar mass of 386.65 g/mol ↩
Derived from values in mmol/L, using molar mass of 386.65 g/mol ↩
What Your Cholesterol Levels Mean. American Heart Association. Retrieved on September 12, 2009 http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=183 ↩
Derived from values in mmol/L, using molar mass of 386.65 g/mol ↩
"HDL Cholesterol: The Test". September 3, 2001. Archived from the original on 2001-09-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20010903133121/http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/hdl/test.html ↩
Derived from values in mmol/L, using molar mass of 386.65 g/mol ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia; Cholesterol (HDL and LDL) – plasma or serum Last Updated: Monday, 6 August 2007 http://www.rcpamanual.edu.au/sections/pathologytest.asp?s=33&i=450 ↩
Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia; Cholesterol (HDL and LDL) – plasma or serum Last Updated: Monday, 6 August 2007 http://www.rcpamanual.edu.au/sections/pathologytest.asp?s=33&i=450 ↩
Derived from values in mmol/L, using molar mass of 386.65 g/mol ↩
Derived from values in mmol/L, using molar mass of 386.65 g/mol ↩
Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia; Cholesterol (HDL and LDL) – plasma or serum Last Updated: Monday, 6 August 2007 http://www.rcpamanual.edu.au/sections/pathologytest.asp?s=33&i=450 ↩
"Reference range (cholesterol)". GPnotebook. https://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=-214630397 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
"Reference range (cholesterol)". GPnotebook. https://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=-214630397 ↩
Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia; Cholesterol (HDL and LDL) – plasma or serum Last Updated: Monday, 6 August 2007 http://www.rcpamanual.edu.au/sections/pathologytest.asp?s=33&i=450 ↩
Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia; Cholesterol (HDL and LDL) – plasma or serum Last Updated: Monday, 6 August 2007 http://www.rcpamanual.edu.au/sections/pathologytest.asp?s=33&i=450 ↩
Derived from values in mmol/L, using molar mass of 386.65 g/mol ↩
Derived from values in mmol/L, using molar mass of 386.65 g/mol ↩
Derived from values in mmol/L, using molar mass of 386.65 g/mol ↩
Derived from values in mmol/L, using molar mass of 386.65 g/mol ↩
Derived from values in mmol/L, using molar mass of 386.65 g/mol ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
GP Notebook > range (reference, ca-125) Retrieved on Jan 5, 2009 http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=-100270014 ↩
ClinLab Navigator > Test Interpretations > CA-125 Retrieved on March 8, 2011 http://www.clinlabnavigator.com/Test-Interpretations/ca-125.html ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Bjerner J, Høgetveit A, Wold Akselberg K, et al. (June 2008). "Reference intervals for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA125, MUC1, Alfa-foeto-protein (AFP), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and CA19.9 from the NORIP study". Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. 68 (8): 703–13. doi:10.1080/00365510802126836. PMID 18609108. S2CID 12545738. https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/11808120 ↩
Bjerner J, Høgetveit A, Wold Akselberg K, et al. (June 2008). "Reference intervals for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA125, MUC1, Alfa-foeto-protein (AFP), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and CA19.9 from the NORIP study". Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. 68 (8): 703–13. doi:10.1080/00365510802126836. PMID 18609108. S2CID 12545738. https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/11808120 ↩
Carcinoembryonic Antigen(CEA) at MedicineNet http://www.medicinenet.com/carcinoembryonic_antigen/article.htm ↩
Luboldt, Hans-Joachim; Schindler, Joachim F.; Rübben, Herbert (2007). "Age-Specific Reference Ranges for Prostate-Specific Antigen as a Marker for Prostate Cancer". EAU-EBU Update Series. 5 (1): 38–48. doi:10.1016/j.eeus.2006.10.003. ISSN 1871-2592. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Luboldt, Hans-Joachim; Schindler, Joachim F.; Rübben, Herbert (2007). "Age-Specific Reference Ranges for Prostate-Specific Antigen as a Marker for Prostate Cancer". EAU-EBU Update Series. 5 (1): 38–48. doi:10.1016/j.eeus.2006.10.003. ISSN 1871-2592. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Luboldt, Hans-Joachim; Schindler, Joachim F.; Rübben, Herbert (2007). "Age-Specific Reference Ranges for Prostate-Specific Antigen as a Marker for Prostate Cancer". EAU-EBU Update Series. 5 (1): 38–48. doi:10.1016/j.eeus.2006.10.003. ISSN 1871-2592. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Basuyau JP, Mallet E, Leroy M, Brunelle P (October 2004). "Reference intervals for serum calcitonin in men, women, and children". Clinical Chemistry. 50 (10): 1828–30. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2003.026963. PMID 15388660. https://doi.org/10.1373%2Fclinchem.2003.026963 ↩
Basuyau JP, Mallet E, Leroy M, Brunelle P (October 2004). "Reference intervals for serum calcitonin in men, women, and children". Clinical Chemistry. 50 (10): 1828–30. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2003.026963. PMID 15388660. https://doi.org/10.1373%2Fclinchem.2003.026963 ↩
Basuyau JP, Mallet E, Leroy M, Brunelle P (October 2004). "Reference intervals for serum calcitonin in men, women, and children". Clinical Chemistry. 50 (10): 1828–30. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2003.026963. PMID 15388660. https://doi.org/10.1373%2Fclinchem.2003.026963 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
The TSH Reference Range Wars: What's "Normal?", Who is Wrong, Who is Right... Archived 2016-04-11 at the Wayback Machine By Mary Shomon, About.com. Updated: June 19, 2006. About.com Health's Disease and Condition http://thyroid.about.com/od/gettestedanddiagnosed/a/tshtestwars.htm ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
2006 Press releases: Thyroid Imbalance? Target Your Numbers Archived 2008-03-03 at the Wayback Machine Contacts: Bryan Campbell American] Association of Clinical Endocrinologists http://www.aace.com/newsroom/press/2006/index.php?r=20060110 ↩
The TSH Reference Range Wars: What's "Normal?", Who is Wrong, Who is Right... Archived 2016-04-11 at the Wayback Machine By Mary Shomon, About.com. Updated: June 19, 2006 http://thyroid.about.com/od/gettestedanddiagnosed/a/tshtestwars.htm ↩
The TSH Reference Range Wars: What's "Normal?", Who is Wrong, Who is Right... Archived 2016-04-11 at the Wayback Machine By Mary Shomon, About.com. Updated: June 19, 2006 http://thyroid.about.com/od/gettestedanddiagnosed/a/tshtestwars.htm ↩
2006 Press releases: Thyroid Imbalance? Target Your Numbers Archived 2008-03-03 at the Wayback Machine Contacts: Bryan Campbell American] Association of Clinical Endocrinologists http://www.aace.com/newsroom/press/2006/index.php?r=20060110 ↩
Demers, Laurence M.; Carole A. Spencer (2002). "LMPG: Laboratory Support for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Thyroid Disease". National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry (USA). Archived from the original on 2008-11-20. Retrieved 2007-04-13. – see Section 2. Pre-analytic factors https://web.archive.org/web/20081120130504/http://www.nacb.org/lmpg/thyroid_LMPG_PDF.stm ↩
Demers, Laurence M.; Carole A. Spencer (2002). "LMPG: Laboratory Support for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Thyroid Disease". National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry (USA). Archived from the original on 2008-11-20. Retrieved 2007-04-13. – see Section 2. Pre-analytic factors https://web.archive.org/web/20081120130504/http://www.nacb.org/lmpg/thyroid_LMPG_PDF.stm ↩
Free T4; Thyroxine, Free; T4, Free Archived 2010-12-22 at the Wayback Machine UNC Health Care System http://labs.unchealthcare.org/labstestinfo/f_tests/free_t4.htm ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Free T4; Thyroxine, Free; T4, Free Archived 2010-12-22 at the Wayback Machine UNC Health Care System http://labs.unchealthcare.org/labstestinfo/f_tests/free_t4.htm ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 776.87 g/mol ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 776.87 g/mol ↩
Table 4: Typical reference ranges for serum assays Archived 2011-07-01 at the Wayback Machine – Thyroid Disease Manager http://www.thyroidmanager.org/chapter6/Ch-6b-2.htm ↩
van der Watt G, Haarburger D, Berman P (July 2008). "Euthyroid patient with elevated serum free thyroxine". Clinical Chemistry. 54 (7): 1239–41. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2007.101428. PMID 18593963. https://doi.org/10.1373%2Fclinchem.2007.101428 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 776.87 g/mol ↩
van der Watt G, Haarburger D, Berman P (July 2008). "Euthyroid patient with elevated serum free thyroxine". Clinical Chemistry. 54 (7): 1239–41. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2007.101428. PMID 18593963. https://doi.org/10.1373%2Fclinchem.2007.101428 ↩
Free T4; Thyroxine, Free; T4, Free Archived 2010-12-22 at the Wayback Machine UNC Health Care System http://labs.unchealthcare.org/labstestinfo/f_tests/free_t4.htm ↩
Free T4; Thyroxine, Free; T4, Free Archived 2010-12-22 at the Wayback Machine UNC Health Care System http://labs.unchealthcare.org/labstestinfo/f_tests/free_t4.htm ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 776.87 g/mol ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 776.87 g/mol ↩
Free T4; Thyroxine, Free; T4, Free Archived 2010-12-22 at the Wayback Machine UNC Health Care System http://labs.unchealthcare.org/labstestinfo/f_tests/free_t4.htm ↩
Free T4; Thyroxine, Free; T4, Free Archived 2010-12-22 at the Wayback Machine UNC Health Care System http://labs.unchealthcare.org/labstestinfo/f_tests/free_t4.htm ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 776.87 g/mol ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 776.87 g/mol ↩
Table 4: Typical reference ranges for serum assays Archived 2011-07-01 at the Wayback Machine – Thyroid Disease Manager http://www.thyroidmanager.org/chapter6/Ch-6b-2.htm ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Table 4: Typical reference ranges for serum assays Archived 2011-07-01 at the Wayback Machine – Thyroid Disease Manager http://www.thyroidmanager.org/chapter6/Ch-6b-2.htm ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Table 4: Typical reference ranges for serum assays Archived 2011-07-01 at the Wayback Machine – Thyroid Disease Manager http://www.thyroidmanager.org/chapter6/Ch-6b-2.htm ↩
van der Watt G, Haarburger D, Berman P (July 2008). "Euthyroid patient with elevated serum free thyroxine". Clinical Chemistry. 54 (7): 1239–41. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2007.101428. PMID 18593963. https://doi.org/10.1373%2Fclinchem.2007.101428 ↩
Table 4: Typical reference ranges for serum assays Archived 2011-07-01 at the Wayback Machine – Thyroid Disease Manager http://www.thyroidmanager.org/chapter6/Ch-6b-2.htm ↩
van der Watt G, Haarburger D, Berman P (July 2008). "Euthyroid patient with elevated serum free thyroxine". Clinical Chemistry. 54 (7): 1239–41. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2007.101428. PMID 18593963. https://doi.org/10.1373%2Fclinchem.2007.101428 ↩
Table 4: Typical reference ranges for serum assays Archived 2011-07-01 at the Wayback Machine – Thyroid Disease Manager http://www.thyroidmanager.org/chapter6/Ch-6b-2.htm ↩
Table 4: Typical reference ranges for serum assays Archived 2011-07-01 at the Wayback Machine – Thyroid Disease Manager http://www.thyroidmanager.org/chapter6/Ch-6b-2.htm ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 650.98 g/mol ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 650.98 g/mol ↩
Cioffi M, Gazzerro P, Vietri MT, et al. (2001). "Serum concentration of free T3, free T4 and TSH in healthy children". Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism. 14 (9): 1635–39. doi:10.1515/jpem.2001.14.9.1635. PMID 11795654. S2CID 34910563. INIST 13391788. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Cioffi M, Gazzerro P, Vietri MT, et al. (2001). "Serum concentration of free T3, free T4 and TSH in healthy children". Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism. 14 (9): 1635–39. doi:10.1515/jpem.2001.14.9.1635. PMID 11795654. S2CID 34910563. INIST 13391788. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 650.98 g/mol ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 650.98 g/mol ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Table 4: Typical reference ranges for serum assays Archived 2011-07-01 at the Wayback Machine – Thyroid Disease Manager http://www.thyroidmanager.org/chapter6/Ch-6b-2.htm ↩
Table 4: Typical reference ranges for serum assays Archived 2011-07-01 at the Wayback Machine – Thyroid Disease Manager http://www.thyroidmanager.org/chapter6/Ch-6b-2.htm ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Table 4: Typical reference ranges for serum assays Archived 2011-07-01 at the Wayback Machine – Thyroid Disease Manager http://www.thyroidmanager.org/chapter6/Ch-6b-2.htm ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Table 4: Typical reference ranges for serum assays Archived 2011-07-01 at the Wayback Machine – Thyroid Disease Manager http://www.thyroidmanager.org/chapter6/Ch-6b-2.htm ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Table 4: Typical reference ranges for serum assays Archived 2011-07-01 at the Wayback Machine – Thyroid Disease Manager http://www.thyroidmanager.org/chapter6/Ch-6b-2.htm ↩
Table 4: Typical reference ranges for serum assays Archived 2011-07-01 at the Wayback Machine – Thyroid Disease Manager http://www.thyroidmanager.org/chapter6/Ch-6b-2.htm ↩
Table 4: Typical reference ranges for serum assays Archived 2011-07-01 at the Wayback Machine – Thyroid Disease Manager http://www.thyroidmanager.org/chapter6/Ch-6b-2.htm ↩
Table 4: Typical reference ranges for serum assays Archived 2011-07-01 at the Wayback Machine – Thyroid Disease Manager http://www.thyroidmanager.org/chapter6/Ch-6b-2.htm ↩
"Andrology Australia: Your Health > Low Testosterone > Diagnosis". Archived from the original on 2012-02-17. Retrieved 2008-11-28. https://web.archive.org/web/20120217051046/http://www.andrologyaustralia.org/pageContent.asp?pageCode=LOWTESTDIAG#LOWTESTDIAGNORM ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 288.42g/mol ↩
"Andrology Australia: Your Health > Low Testosterone > Diagnosis". Archived from the original on 2012-02-17. Retrieved 2008-11-28. https://web.archive.org/web/20120217051046/http://www.andrologyaustralia.org/pageContent.asp?pageCode=LOWTESTDIAG#LOWTESTDIAGNORM ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 288.42g/mol ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 288.42g/mol ↩
MedlinePlus > Testosterone Update Date: 3/18/2008. Updated by: Elizabeth H. Holt, MD, PhD, Yale University. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003707.htm#Normal%20Values ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 288.42g/mol ↩
MedlinePlus > Testosterone Update Date: 3/18/2008. Updated by: Elizabeth H. Holt, MD, PhD, Yale University. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003707.htm#Normal%20Values ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 288.42g/mol ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 288.42g/mol ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 288.42g/mol ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 288.42g/mol ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 288.42g/mol ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 288.42g/mol ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
MedlinePlus > Testosterone Update Date: 3/18/2008. Updated by: Elizabeth H. Holt, MD, PhD, Yale University. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003707.htm#Normal%20Values ↩
MedlinePlus > Testosterone Update Date: 3/18/2008. Updated by: Elizabeth H. Holt, MD, PhD, Yale University. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003707.htm#Normal%20Values ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 288.42g/mol ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 330.46g/mol ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 330.46g/mol ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 330.46g/mol ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 330.46g/mol ↩
reference range (FSH) GPnotebook. Retrieved on September 27, 2009 http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=436600899 ↩
reference range (FSH) GPnotebook. Retrieved on September 27, 2009 http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=436600899 ↩
reference range (FSH) GPnotebook. Retrieved on September 27, 2009 http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=436600899 ↩
reference range (FSH) GPnotebook. Retrieved on September 27, 2009 http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=436600899 ↩
reference range (FSH) GPnotebook. Retrieved on September 27, 2009 http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=436600899 ↩
reference range (FSH) GPnotebook. Retrieved on September 27, 2009 http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=436600899 ↩
reference range (FSH) GPnotebook. Retrieved on September 27, 2009 http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=436600899 ↩
reference range (FSH) GPnotebook. Retrieved on September 27, 2009 http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=436600899 ↩
Values taken from day 1 after LH surge in: Stricker R, Eberhart R, Chevailler MC, Quinn FA, Bischof P, Stricker R (2006). "Establishment of detailed reference values for luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, estradiol, and progesterone during different phases of the menstrual cycle on the Abbott ARCHITECT analyzer". Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. 44 (7): 883–87. doi:10.1515/CCLM.2006.160. PMID 16776638. S2CID 524952. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Values taken from day 1 after LH surge in: Stricker R, Eberhart R, Chevailler MC, Quinn FA, Bischof P, Stricker R (2006). "Establishment of detailed reference values for luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, estradiol, and progesterone during different phases of the menstrual cycle on the Abbott ARCHITECT analyzer". Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. 44 (7): 883–87. doi:10.1515/CCLM.2006.160. PMID 16776638. S2CID 524952. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
reference range (FSH) GPnotebook. Retrieved on September 27, 2009 http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=436600899 ↩
reference range (FSH) GPnotebook. Retrieved on September 27, 2009 http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=436600899 ↩
Values taken from day 1 after LH surge in: Stricker R, Eberhart R, Chevailler MC, Quinn FA, Bischof P, Stricker R (2006). "Establishment of detailed reference values for luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, estradiol, and progesterone during different phases of the menstrual cycle on the Abbott ARCHITECT analyzer". Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. 44 (7): 883–87. doi:10.1515/CCLM.2006.160. PMID 16776638. S2CID 524952. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Values taken from day 1 after LH surge in: Stricker R, Eberhart R, Chevailler MC, Quinn FA, Bischof P, Stricker R (2006). "Establishment of detailed reference values for luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, estradiol, and progesterone during different phases of the menstrual cycle on the Abbott ARCHITECT analyzer". Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. 44 (7): 883–87. doi:10.1515/CCLM.2006.160. PMID 16776638. S2CID 524952. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
New York Hospital Queens > Services and Facilities > Patient Testing > Pathology > New York Hospital Queens Diagnostic Laboratories > Test Directory > Reference Ranges[permanent dead link‍] Retrieved on Nov 8, 2009 http://www.nyhq.org/Reference_Ranges& ↩
New York Hospital Queens > Services and Facilities > Patient Testing > Pathology > New York Hospital Queens Diagnostic Laboratories > Test Directory > Reference Ranges[permanent dead link‍] Retrieved on Nov 8, 2009 http://www.nyhq.org/Reference_Ranges& ↩
Mayo Medical Laboratories > Test ID: LH, Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Serum Archived 2016-09-25 at the Wayback Machine, retrieved December 2012 http://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/Clinical+and+Interpretive/8663 ↩
Mayo Medical Laboratories > Test ID: LH, Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Serum Archived 2016-09-25 at the Wayback Machine, retrieved December 2012 http://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/Clinical+and+Interpretive/8663 ↩
GPNotebook – reference range (oestradiol) Archived 2012-06-09 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on September 27, 2009 http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=570818627&linkID=24801&cook=yes ↩
GPNotebook – reference range (oestradiol) Archived 2012-06-09 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on September 27, 2009 http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=570818627&linkID=24801&cook=yes ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 272.38g/mol ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 272.38g/mol ↩
GPNotebook – reference range (oestradiol) Archived 2012-06-09 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on September 27, 2009 http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=570818627&linkID=24801&cook=yes ↩
GPNotebook – reference range (oestradiol) Archived 2012-06-09 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on September 27, 2009 http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=570818627&linkID=24801&cook=yes ↩
GPNotebook – reference range (oestradiol) Archived 2012-06-09 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on September 27, 2009 http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=570818627&linkID=24801&cook=yes ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 272.38g/mol ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 272.38g/mol ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 272.38g/mol ↩
Total amount multiplied by 0.022 according to 2.2% presented in: Wu CH, Motohashi T, Abdel-Rahman HA, Flickinger GL, Mikhail G (August 1976). "Free and protein-bound plasma estradiol-17 beta during the menstrual cycle". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 43 (2): 436–45. doi:10.1210/jcem-43-2-436. PMID 950372. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Total amount multiplied by 0.022 according to 2.2% presented in: Wu CH, Motohashi T, Abdel-Rahman HA, Flickinger GL, Mikhail G (August 1976). "Free and protein-bound plasma estradiol-17 beta during the menstrual cycle". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 43 (2): 436–45. doi:10.1210/jcem-43-2-436. PMID 950372. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Total amount multiplied by 0.022 according to 2.2% presented in: Wu CH, Motohashi T, Abdel-Rahman HA, Flickinger GL, Mikhail G (August 1976). "Free and protein-bound plasma estradiol-17 beta during the menstrual cycle". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 43 (2): 436–45. doi:10.1210/jcem-43-2-436. PMID 950372. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Total amount multiplied by 0.022 according to 2.2% presented in: Wu CH, Motohashi T, Abdel-Rahman HA, Flickinger GL, Mikhail G (August 1976). "Free and protein-bound plasma estradiol-17 beta during the menstrual cycle". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 43 (2): 436–45. doi:10.1210/jcem-43-2-436. PMID 950372. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
GPNotebook – reference range (oestradiol) Archived 2012-06-09 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on September 27, 2009 http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=570818627&linkID=24801&cook=yes ↩
GPNotebook – reference range (oestradiol) Archived 2012-06-09 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on September 27, 2009 http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=570818627&linkID=24801&cook=yes ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 272.38g/mol ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 272.38g/mol ↩
Values taken from day 1 after LH surge in: Stricker R, Eberhart R, Chevailler MC, Quinn FA, Bischof P, Stricker R (2006). "Establishment of detailed reference values for luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, estradiol, and progesterone during different phases of the menstrual cycle on the Abbott ARCHITECT analyzer". Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. 44 (7): 883–87. doi:10.1515/CCLM.2006.160. PMID 16776638. S2CID 524952. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 314.46 g/mol ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 314.46 g/mol ↩
Values taken from day 1 after LH surge in: Stricker R, Eberhart R, Chevailler MC, Quinn FA, Bischof P, Stricker R (2006). "Establishment of detailed reference values for luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, estradiol, and progesterone during different phases of the menstrual cycle on the Abbott ARCHITECT analyzer". Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. 44 (7): 883–87. doi:10.1515/CCLM.2006.160. PMID 16776638. S2CID 524952. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Bhattacharya Sudhindra Mohan (July/August 2005) Mid-luteal phase plasma progesterone levels in spontaneous and clomiphene citrate induced conception cycles J Obstet Gynecol India Vol. 55, No. 4 : July/August 2005 pp. 350–52 http://medind.nic.in/jaq/t05/i4/jaqt05i4p350.pdf ↩
Bhattacharya Sudhindra Mohan (July/August 2005) Mid-luteal phase plasma progesterone levels in spontaneous and clomiphene citrate induced conception cycles J Obstet Gynecol India Vol. 55, No. 4 : July/August 2005 pp. 350–52 http://medind.nic.in/jaq/t05/i4/jaqt05i4p350.pdf ↩
New York Hospital Queens > Services and Facilities > Patient Testing > Pathology > New York Hospital Queens Diagnostic Laboratories > Test Directory > Reference Ranges[permanent dead link‍] Retrieved on Nov 8, 2009 http://www.nyhq.org/Reference_Ranges& ↩
New York Hospital Queens > Services and Facilities > Patient Testing > Pathology > New York Hospital Queens Diagnostic Laboratories > Test Directory > Reference Ranges[permanent dead link‍] Retrieved on Nov 8, 2009 http://www.nyhq.org/Reference_Ranges& ↩
New York Hospital Queens > Services and Facilities > Patient Testing > Pathology > New York Hospital Queens Diagnostic Laboratories > Test Directory > Reference Ranges[permanent dead link‍] Retrieved on Nov 8, 2009 http://www.nyhq.org/Reference_Ranges& ↩
New York Hospital Queens > Services and Facilities > Patient Testing > Pathology > New York Hospital Queens Diagnostic Laboratories > Test Directory > Reference Ranges[permanent dead link‍] Retrieved on Nov 8, 2009 http://www.nyhq.org/Reference_Ranges& ↩
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEA-S), Serum Archived 2018-03-14 at the Wayback Machine at Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research. Retrieved July 2012 http://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/Clinical+and+Interpretive/8493 ↩
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEA-S), Serum Archived 2018-03-14 at the Wayback Machine at Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research. Retrieved July 2012 http://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/Clinical+and+Interpretive/8493 ↩
Unit Code 91215 Archived 2011-07-20 at the Wayback Machine at Mayo Clinic Medical Laboratories. Retrieved April 2011 http://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/print.php?unit_code=91215 ↩
Unit Code 91215 Archived 2011-07-20 at the Wayback Machine at Mayo Clinic Medical Laboratories. Retrieved April 2011 http://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/print.php?unit_code=91215 ↩
Unit Code 91215 Archived 2011-07-20 at the Wayback Machine at Mayo Clinic Medical Laboratories. Retrieved April 2011 http://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/print.php?unit_code=91215 ↩
Unit Code 91215 Archived 2011-07-20 at the Wayback Machine at Mayo Clinic Medical Laboratories. Retrieved April 2011 http://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/print.php?unit_code=91215 ↩
Antimullerian Hormone (AMH), Serum Archived 2013-07-29 at the Wayback Machine from Mayo Medical Laboratories. Retrieved April 2012. http://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/print/89711 ↩
Antimullerian Hormone (AMH), Serum Archived 2013-07-29 at the Wayback Machine from Mayo Medical Laboratories. Retrieved April 2012. http://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/print/89711 ↩
Derived from mass values using 140,000 g/mol, as given in: Hampl R, Šnajderová M, Mardešić T (2011). "Antimüllerian hormone (AMH) not only a marker for prediction of ovarian reserve". Physiological Research. 60 (2): 217–23. doi:10.33549/physiolres.932076. PMID 21114374. https://doi.org/10.33549%2Fphysiolres.932076 ↩
Derived from mass values using 140,000 g/mol, as given in: Hampl R, Šnajderová M, Mardešić T (2011). "Antimüllerian hormone (AMH) not only a marker for prediction of ovarian reserve". Physiological Research. 60 (2): 217–23. doi:10.33549/physiolres.932076. PMID 21114374. https://doi.org/10.33549%2Fphysiolres.932076 ↩
Nieman, Lynnette K (29 September 2019). "Measurement of ACTH, CRH, and other hypothalamic and pituitary peptides". www.uptodate.com. UpToDate. Retrieved 25 June 2021. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/measurement-of-acth-crh-and-other-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-peptides ↩
Nieman, Lynnette K (29 September 2019). "Measurement of ACTH, CRH, and other hypothalamic and pituitary peptides". www.uptodate.com. UpToDate. Retrieved 25 June 2021. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/measurement-of-acth-crh-and-other-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-peptides ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Biochemistry Reference Ranges at Good Hope Hospital Retrieved on Nov 8, 2009 http://www.goodhope.org.uk/departments/pathweb/refranges.htm ↩
Biochemistry Reference Ranges at Good Hope Hospital Retrieved on Nov 8, 2009 http://www.goodhope.org.uk/departments/pathweb/refranges.htm ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 362 g/mol ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 362 g/mol ↩
Biochemistry Reference Ranges at Good Hope Hospital Retrieved on Nov 8, 2009 http://www.goodhope.org.uk/departments/pathweb/refranges.htm ↩
Biochemistry Reference Ranges at Good Hope Hospital Retrieved on Nov 8, 2009 http://www.goodhope.org.uk/departments/pathweb/refranges.htm ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 362 g/mol ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 362 g/mol ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Friedrich N, Alte D, Völzke H, et al. (June 2008). "Reference ranges of serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels in a general adult population: results of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP)". Growth Hormone & IGF Research. 18 (3): 228–37. doi:10.1016/j.ghir.2007.09.005. PMID 17997337. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Friedrich N, Alte D, Völzke H, et al. (June 2008). "Reference ranges of serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels in a general adult population: results of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP)". Growth Hormone & IGF Research. 18 (3): 228–37. doi:10.1016/j.ghir.2007.09.005. PMID 17997337. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Friedrich N, Alte D, Völzke H, et al. (June 2008). "Reference ranges of serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels in a general adult population: results of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP)". Growth Hormone & IGF Research. 18 (3): 228–37. doi:10.1016/j.ghir.2007.09.005. PMID 17997337. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Friedrich N, Alte D, Völzke H, et al. (June 2008). "Reference ranges of serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels in a general adult population: results of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP)". Growth Hormone & IGF Research. 18 (3): 228–37. doi:10.1016/j.ghir.2007.09.005. PMID 17997337. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Friedrich N, Alte D, Völzke H, et al. (June 2008). "Reference ranges of serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels in a general adult population: results of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP)". Growth Hormone & IGF Research. 18 (3): 228–37. doi:10.1016/j.ghir.2007.09.005. PMID 17997337. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Friedrich N, Alte D, Völzke H, et al. (June 2008). "Reference ranges of serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels in a general adult population: results of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP)". Growth Hormone & IGF Research. 18 (3): 228–37. doi:10.1016/j.ghir.2007.09.005. PMID 17997337. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Friedrich N, Alte D, Völzke H, et al. (June 2008). "Reference ranges of serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels in a general adult population: results of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP)". Growth Hormone & IGF Research. 18 (3): 228–37. doi:10.1016/j.ghir.2007.09.005. PMID 17997337. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Friedrich N, Alte D, Völzke H, et al. (June 2008). "Reference ranges of serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels in a general adult population: results of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP)". Growth Hormone & IGF Research. 18 (3): 228–37. doi:10.1016/j.ghir.2007.09.005. PMID 17997337. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Taken from the assay method giving the lowest and highest estimate, respectively, from Table 2 in: Beltran L, Fahie-Wilson MN, McKenna TJ, Kavanagh L, Smith TP (October 2008). "Serum total prolactin and monomeric prolactin reference intervals determined by precipitation with polyethylene glycol: evaluation and validation on common immunoassay platforms". Clinical Chemistry. 54 (10): 1673–81. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2008.105312. PMID 18719199. http://www.clinchem.org/cgi/content/full/54/10/1673/T2 ↩
Taken from the assay method giving the lowest and highest estimate, respectively, from Table 2 in: Beltran L, Fahie-Wilson MN, McKenna TJ, Kavanagh L, Smith TP (October 2008). "Serum total prolactin and monomeric prolactin reference intervals determined by precipitation with polyethylene glycol: evaluation and validation on common immunoassay platforms". Clinical Chemistry. 54 (10): 1673–81. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2008.105312. PMID 18719199. http://www.clinchem.org/cgi/content/full/54/10/1673/T2 ↩
Taken from the assay method giving the lowest and highest estimate, respectively, from Table 2 in: Beltran L, Fahie-Wilson MN, McKenna TJ, Kavanagh L, Smith TP (October 2008). "Serum total prolactin and monomeric prolactin reference intervals determined by precipitation with polyethylene glycol: evaluation and validation on common immunoassay platforms". Clinical Chemistry. 54 (10): 1673–81. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2008.105312. PMID 18719199. http://www.clinchem.org/cgi/content/full/54/10/1673/T2 ↩
Taken from the assay method giving the lowest and highest estimate, respectively, from Table 2 in: Beltran L, Fahie-Wilson MN, McKenna TJ, Kavanagh L, Smith TP (October 2008). "Serum total prolactin and monomeric prolactin reference intervals determined by precipitation with polyethylene glycol: evaluation and validation on common immunoassay platforms". Clinical Chemistry. 54 (10): 1673–81. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2008.105312. PMID 18719199. http://www.clinchem.org/cgi/content/full/54/10/1673/T2 ↩
Taken from the assay method giving the lowest and highest estimate, respectively, from Table 2 in: Beltran L, Fahie-Wilson MN, McKenna TJ, Kavanagh L, Smith TP (October 2008). "Serum total prolactin and monomeric prolactin reference intervals determined by precipitation with polyethylene glycol: evaluation and validation on common immunoassay platforms". Clinical Chemistry. 54 (10): 1673–81. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2008.105312. PMID 18719199. http://www.clinchem.org/cgi/content/full/54/10/1673/T2 ↩
Taken from the assay method giving the lowest and highest estimate, respectively, from Table 2 in: Beltran L, Fahie-Wilson MN, McKenna TJ, Kavanagh L, Smith TP (October 2008). "Serum total prolactin and monomeric prolactin reference intervals determined by precipitation with polyethylene glycol: evaluation and validation on common immunoassay platforms". Clinical Chemistry. 54 (10): 1673–81. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2008.105312. PMID 18719199. http://www.clinchem.org/cgi/content/full/54/10/1673/T2 ↩
Taken from the assay method giving the lowest and highest estimate, respectively, from Table 2 in: Beltran L, Fahie-Wilson MN, McKenna TJ, Kavanagh L, Smith TP (October 2008). "Serum total prolactin and monomeric prolactin reference intervals determined by precipitation with polyethylene glycol: evaluation and validation on common immunoassay platforms". Clinical Chemistry. 54 (10): 1673–81. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2008.105312. PMID 18719199. http://www.clinchem.org/cgi/content/full/54/10/1673/T2 ↩
Taken from the assay method giving the lowest and highest estimate, respectively, from Table 2 in: Beltran L, Fahie-Wilson MN, McKenna TJ, Kavanagh L, Smith TP (October 2008). "Serum total prolactin and monomeric prolactin reference intervals determined by precipitation with polyethylene glycol: evaluation and validation on common immunoassay platforms". Clinical Chemistry. 54 (10): 1673–81. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2008.105312. PMID 18719199. http://www.clinchem.org/cgi/content/full/54/10/1673/T2 ↩
Taken from the assay method giving the lowest and highest estimate, respectively, from Table 2 in: Beltran L, Fahie-Wilson MN, McKenna TJ, Kavanagh L, Smith TP (October 2008). "Serum total prolactin and monomeric prolactin reference intervals determined by precipitation with polyethylene glycol: evaluation and validation on common immunoassay platforms". Clinical Chemistry. 54 (10): 1673–81. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2008.105312. PMID 18719199. http://www.clinchem.org/cgi/content/full/54/10/1673/T2 ↩
Taken from the assay method giving the lowest and highest estimate, respectively, from Table 2 in: Beltran L, Fahie-Wilson MN, McKenna TJ, Kavanagh L, Smith TP (October 2008). "Serum total prolactin and monomeric prolactin reference intervals determined by precipitation with polyethylene glycol: evaluation and validation on common immunoassay platforms". Clinical Chemistry. 54 (10): 1673–81. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2008.105312. PMID 18719199. http://www.clinchem.org/cgi/content/full/54/10/1673/T2 ↩
Taken from the assay method giving the lowest and highest estimate, respectively, from Table 2 in: Beltran L, Fahie-Wilson MN, McKenna TJ, Kavanagh L, Smith TP (October 2008). "Serum total prolactin and monomeric prolactin reference intervals determined by precipitation with polyethylene glycol: evaluation and validation on common immunoassay platforms". Clinical Chemistry. 54 (10): 1673–81. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2008.105312. PMID 18719199. http://www.clinchem.org/cgi/content/full/54/10/1673/T2 ↩
Taken from the assay method giving the lowest and highest estimate, respectively, from Table 2 in: Beltran L, Fahie-Wilson MN, McKenna TJ, Kavanagh L, Smith TP (October 2008). "Serum total prolactin and monomeric prolactin reference intervals determined by precipitation with polyethylene glycol: evaluation and validation on common immunoassay platforms". Clinical Chemistry. 54 (10): 1673–81. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2008.105312. PMID 18719199. http://www.clinchem.org/cgi/content/full/54/10/1673/T2 ↩
Taken from the assay method giving the lowest and highest estimate, respectively, from Table 2 in: Beltran L, Fahie-Wilson MN, McKenna TJ, Kavanagh L, Smith TP (October 2008). "Serum total prolactin and monomeric prolactin reference intervals determined by precipitation with polyethylene glycol: evaluation and validation on common immunoassay platforms". Clinical Chemistry. 54 (10): 1673–81. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2008.105312. PMID 18719199. http://www.clinchem.org/cgi/content/full/54/10/1673/T2 ↩
Taken from the assay method giving the lowest and highest estimate, respectively, from Table 2 in: Beltran L, Fahie-Wilson MN, McKenna TJ, Kavanagh L, Smith TP (October 2008). "Serum total prolactin and monomeric prolactin reference intervals determined by precipitation with polyethylene glycol: evaluation and validation on common immunoassay platforms". Clinical Chemistry. 54 (10): 1673–81. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2008.105312. PMID 18719199. http://www.clinchem.org/cgi/content/full/54/10/1673/T2 ↩
Taken from the assay method giving the lowest and highest estimate, respectively, from Table 2 in: Beltran L, Fahie-Wilson MN, McKenna TJ, Kavanagh L, Smith TP (October 2008). "Serum total prolactin and monomeric prolactin reference intervals determined by precipitation with polyethylene glycol: evaluation and validation on common immunoassay platforms". Clinical Chemistry. 54 (10): 1673–81. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2008.105312. PMID 18719199. http://www.clinchem.org/cgi/content/full/54/10/1673/T2 ↩
Taken from the assay method giving the lowest and highest estimate, respectively, from Table 2 in: Beltran L, Fahie-Wilson MN, McKenna TJ, Kavanagh L, Smith TP (October 2008). "Serum total prolactin and monomeric prolactin reference intervals determined by precipitation with polyethylene glycol: evaluation and validation on common immunoassay platforms". Clinical Chemistry. 54 (10): 1673–81. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2008.105312. PMID 18719199. http://www.clinchem.org/cgi/content/full/54/10/1673/T2 ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 9.4 kDa ↩
Table 2 in: Aloia JF, Feuerman M, Yeh JK (2006). "Reference range for serum parathyroid hormone". Endocr Pract. 12 (2): 137–44. doi:10.4158/ep.12.2.137. PMC 1482827. PMID 16690460. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/mid/NIHMS10653/table/T2/ ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 9.4 kDa ↩
Table 2 in: Aloia JF, Feuerman M, Yeh JK (2006). "Reference range for serum parathyroid hormone". Endocr Pract. 12 (2): 137–44. doi:10.4158/ep.12.2.137. PMC 1482827. PMID 16690460. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/mid/NIHMS10653/table/T2/ ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 9.4 kDa ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 9.4 kDa ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass 400.6 g/mol ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass 400.6 g/mol ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass 400.6 g/mol ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Bender, David A. (2003). "Vitamin D". Nutritional biochemistry of the vitamins. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-80388-5. Retrieved December 10, 2008 through Google Book Search. 978-0-521-80388-5 ↩
Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Dietrich T, Orav EJ, et al. (September 2004). "Higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are associated with better lower-extremity function in both active and inactive persons aged > or =60 y". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 80 (3): 752–58. doi:10.1093/ajcn/80.3.752. PMID 15321818. https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fajcn%2F80.3.752 ↩
Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Dietrich T, Orav EJ, et al. (September 2004). "Higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are associated with better lower-extremity function in both active and inactive persons aged > or =60 y". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 80 (3): 752–58. doi:10.1093/ajcn/80.3.752. PMID 15321818. https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fajcn%2F80.3.752 ↩
Bender, David A. (2003). "Vitamin D". Nutritional biochemistry of the vitamins. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-80388-5. Retrieved December 10, 2008 through Google Book Search. 978-0-521-80388-5 ↩
Reusch J, Ackermann H, Badenhoop K (May 2009). "Cyclic changes of vitamin D and PTH are primarily regulated by solar radiation: 5-year analysis of a German (50 degrees N) population". Horm. Metab. Res. 41 (5): 402–07. doi:10.1055/s-0028-1128131. PMID 19241329. S2CID 260166796. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Vasquez A, Cannell J (July 2005). "Calcium and vitamin D in preventing fractures: data are not sufficient to show inefficacy". BMJ. 331 (7508): 108–09, author reply 109. doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7508.108-b. PMC 558659. PMID 16002891. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC558659 ↩
Vasquez A, Cannell J (July 2005). "Calcium and vitamin D in preventing fractures: data are not sufficient to show inefficacy". BMJ. 331 (7508): 108–09, author reply 109. doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7508.108-b. PMC 558659. PMID 16002891. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC558659 ↩
Reusch J, Ackermann H, Badenhoop K (May 2009). "Cyclic changes of vitamin D and PTH are primarily regulated by solar radiation: 5-year analysis of a German (50 degrees N) population". Horm. Metab. Res. 41 (5): 402–07. doi:10.1055/s-0028-1128131. PMID 19241329. S2CID 260166796. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Adëeva Nutritionals Canada > Optimal blood test values Archived 2009-05-29 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on July 9, 2009 http://www.adeeva.com/resources/bloodtestscomplete.html ↩
Vasquez A, Cannell J (July 2005). "Calcium and vitamin D in preventing fractures: data are not sufficient to show inefficacy". BMJ. 331 (7508): 108–09, author reply 109. doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7508.108-b. PMC 558659. PMID 16002891. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC558659 ↩
Adëeva Nutritionals Canada > Optimal blood test values Archived 2009-05-29 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on July 9, 2009 http://www.adeeva.com/resources/bloodtestscomplete.html ↩
Vasquez A, Cannell J (July 2005). "Calcium and vitamin D in preventing fractures: data are not sufficient to show inefficacy". BMJ. 331 (7508): 108–09, author reply 109. doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7508.108-b. PMC 558659. PMID 16002891. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC558659 ↩
Converted from values in mcU/mL by dividing with a factor of 11.2 mcU/mL per ng/(mL*hour), as given in: New Assays for Aldosterone, Renin and Parathyroid Hormone Archived 2011-10-27 at the Wayback Machine University of Washington, Department of Laboratory Medicine. Retrieved Mars 2011 http://depts.washington.edu/labweb/referencelab/print/endo.pdf ↩
Pratt RE, Flynn JA, Hobart PM, Paul M, Dzau VJ (March 1988). "Different secretory pathways of renin from mouse cells transfected with the human renin gene". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 263 (7): 3137–41. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)69046-5. PMID 2893797. https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0021-9258%2818%2969046-5 ↩
Converted from values in mcU/mL by dividing with a factor of 11.2 mcU/mL per ng/(mL*hour), as given in: New Assays for Aldosterone, Renin and Parathyroid Hormone Archived 2011-10-27 at the Wayback Machine University of Washington, Department of Laboratory Medicine. Retrieved Mars 2011 http://depts.washington.edu/labweb/referencelab/print/endo.pdf ↩
Pratt RE, Flynn JA, Hobart PM, Paul M, Dzau VJ (March 1988). "Different secretory pathways of renin from mouse cells transfected with the human renin gene". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 263 (7): 3137–41. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)69046-5. PMID 2893797. https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0021-9258%2818%2969046-5 ↩
New Assays for Aldosterone, Renin and Parathyroid Hormone Archived 2011-10-27 at the Wayback Machine University of Washington, Department of Laboratory Medicine. Retrieved Mars 2011 http://depts.washington.edu/labweb/referencelab/print/endo.pdf ↩
Converted from values in ng/(mL*hour) by multiplying with a factor of 11.2 mcU/mL per ng/(mL*hour), as given in: New Assays for Aldosterone, Renin and Parathyroid Hormone Archived 2011-10-27 at the Wayback Machine University of Washington, Department of Laboratory Medicine. Retrieved Mars 2011 http://depts.washington.edu/labweb/referencelab/print/endo.pdf ↩
New Assays for Aldosterone, Renin and Parathyroid Hormone Archived 2011-10-27 at the Wayback Machine University of Washington, Department of Laboratory Medicine. Retrieved Mars 2011 http://depts.washington.edu/labweb/referencelab/print/endo.pdf ↩
Converted from values in ng/(mL*hour) by multiplying with a factor of 11.2 mcU/mL per ng/(mL*hour), as given in: New Assays for Aldosterone, Renin and Parathyroid Hormone Archived 2011-10-27 at the Wayback Machine University of Washington, Department of Laboratory Medicine. Retrieved Mars 2011 http://depts.washington.edu/labweb/referencelab/print/endo.pdf ↩
New Assays for Aldosterone, Renin and Parathyroid Hormone Archived 2011-10-27 at the Wayback Machine University of Washington, Department of Laboratory Medicine. Retrieved Mars 2011 http://depts.washington.edu/labweb/referencelab/print/endo.pdf ↩
New Assays for Aldosterone, Renin and Parathyroid Hormone Archived 2011-10-27 at the Wayback Machine University of Washington, Department of Laboratory Medicine. Retrieved Mars 2011 http://depts.washington.edu/labweb/referencelab/print/endo.pdf ↩
Converted from mass values using molar mass of 360.44 g/mol ↩
Converted from mass values using molar mass of 360.44 g/mol ↩
Tiu SC, Choi CH, Shek CC, et al. (January 2005). "The use of aldosterone-renin ratio as a diagnostic test for primary hyperaldosteronism and its test characteristics under different conditions of blood sampling". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 90 (1): 72–78. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.117.5182. doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1149. PMID 15483077. /wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier) ↩
Tiu SC, Choi CH, Shek CC, et al. (January 2005). "The use of aldosterone-renin ratio as a diagnostic test for primary hyperaldosteronism and its test characteristics under different conditions of blood sampling". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 90 (1): 72–78. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.117.5182. doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1149. PMID 15483077. /wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier) ↩
Tiu SC, Choi CH, Shek CC, et al. (January 2005). "The use of aldosterone-renin ratio as a diagnostic test for primary hyperaldosteronism and its test characteristics under different conditions of blood sampling". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 90 (1): 72–78. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.117.5182. doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1149. PMID 15483077. /wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier) ↩
Tiu SC, Choi CH, Shek CC, et al. (January 2005). "The use of aldosterone-renin ratio as a diagnostic test for primary hyperaldosteronism and its test characteristics under different conditions of blood sampling". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 90 (1): 72–78. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.117.5182. doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1149. PMID 15483077. /wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier) ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Central Manchester University Hospitals / Reference ranges Archived 2012-11-30 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on July 9, 2009 http://www.cmft.nhs.uk/directorates/labmedicine/USERGUIDE/pdfs/Haem%20-%20Coagulation%20Ref%20Ranges.pdf ↩
Central Manchester University Hospitals / Reference ranges Archived 2012-11-30 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on July 9, 2009 http://www.cmft.nhs.uk/directorates/labmedicine/USERGUIDE/pdfs/Haem%20-%20Coagulation%20Ref%20Ranges.pdf ↩
University of Kentucky Chandler Medical Center > Clinical Lab Reference Range Guide Retrieved on April 28, 2009 http://www.hosp.uky.edu/Clinlab/report.pdf ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 441 mol−1 ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 441 mol−1 ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 441 mol−1 ↩
Central Manchester University Hospitals / Reference ranges Archived 2012-11-30 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on July 9, 2009 http://www.cmft.nhs.uk/directorates/labmedicine/USERGUIDE/pdfs/Haem%20-%20Coagulation%20Ref%20Ranges.pdf ↩
Central Manchester University Hospitals / Reference ranges Archived 2012-11-30 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on July 9, 2009 http://www.cmft.nhs.uk/directorates/labmedicine/USERGUIDE/pdfs/Haem%20-%20Coagulation%20Ref%20Ranges.pdf ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 441 mol−1 ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 441 mol−1 ↩
Central Manchester University Hospitals / Reference ranges Archived 2012-11-30 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on July 9, 2009 http://www.cmft.nhs.uk/directorates/labmedicine/USERGUIDE/pdfs/Haem%20-%20Coagulation%20Ref%20Ranges.pdf ↩
Central Manchester University Hospitals / Reference ranges Archived 2012-11-30 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on July 9, 2009 http://www.cmft.nhs.uk/directorates/labmedicine/USERGUIDE/pdfs/Haem%20-%20Coagulation%20Ref%20Ranges.pdf ↩
GPnotebook > B12 Retrieved on April 28, 2009 http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=-2087059389&linkID=35554&cook=no ↩
Derived form molar values using molar mass of 1355g/mol ↩
GPnotebook > B12 Retrieved on April 28, 2009 http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=-2087059389&linkID=35554&cook=no ↩
Derived form molar values using molar mass of 1355g/mol ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 1355g/mol ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 1355g/mol ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
"Homocysteine". www.thedoctorsdoctor.com. http://www.thedoctorsdoctor.com/labtests/homocysteine.htm ↩
"Homocysteine". www.thedoctorsdoctor.com. http://www.thedoctorsdoctor.com/labtests/homocysteine.htm ↩
"Homocysteine". www.thedoctorsdoctor.com. http://www.thedoctorsdoctor.com/labtests/homocysteine.htm ↩
"Homocysteine". www.thedoctorsdoctor.com. http://www.thedoctorsdoctor.com/labtests/homocysteine.htm ↩
Adëeva Nutritionals Canada > Optimal blood test values Archived 2009-05-29 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on July 9, 2009 http://www.adeeva.com/resources/bloodtestscomplete.html ↩
Derived from molar values using molar massof 135 g/mol ↩
Derived from molar values using molar massof 135 g/mol ↩
Derived from molar values using molar massof 135 g/mol ↩
Derived from molar values using molar massof 135 g/mol ↩
Adëeva Nutritionals Canada > Optimal blood test values Archived 2009-05-29 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on July 9, 2009 http://www.adeeva.com/resources/bloodtestscomplete.html ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Adëeva Nutritionals Canada > Optimal blood test values Archived 2009-05-29 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on July 9, 2009 http://www.adeeva.com/resources/bloodtestscomplete.html ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 176 grams per mol ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 176 grams per mol ↩
Adëeva Nutritionals Canada > Optimal blood test values Archived 2009-05-29 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on July 9, 2009 http://www.adeeva.com/resources/bloodtestscomplete.html ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass 400.6 g/mol ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass 400.6 g/mol ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass 400.6 g/mol ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Reusch J, Ackermann H, Badenhoop K (May 2009). "Cyclic changes of vitamin D and PTH are primarily regulated by solar radiation: 5-year analysis of a German (50 degrees N) population". Horm. Metab. Res. 41 (5): 402–07. doi:10.1055/s-0028-1128131. PMID 19241329. S2CID 260166796. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Vasquez A, Cannell J (July 2005). "Calcium and vitamin D in preventing fractures: data are not sufficient to show inefficacy". BMJ. 331 (7508): 108–09, author reply 109. doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7508.108-b. PMC 558659. PMID 16002891. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC558659 ↩
Vasquez A, Cannell J (July 2005). "Calcium and vitamin D in preventing fractures: data are not sufficient to show inefficacy". BMJ. 331 (7508): 108–09, author reply 109. doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7508.108-b. PMC 558659. PMID 16002891. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC558659 ↩
Reusch J, Ackermann H, Badenhoop K (May 2009). "Cyclic changes of vitamin D and PTH are primarily regulated by solar radiation: 5-year analysis of a German (50 degrees N) population". Horm. Metab. Res. 41 (5): 402–07. doi:10.1055/s-0028-1128131. PMID 19241329. S2CID 260166796. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Bender, David A. (2003). "Vitamin D". Nutritional biochemistry of the vitamins. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-80388-5. Retrieved December 10, 2008 through Google Book Search. 978-0-521-80388-5 ↩
Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Dietrich T, Orav EJ, et al. (September 2004). "Higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are associated with better lower-extremity function in both active and inactive persons aged > or =60 y". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 80 (3): 752–58. doi:10.1093/ajcn/80.3.752. PMID 15321818. https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fajcn%2F80.3.752 ↩
Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Dietrich T, Orav EJ, et al. (September 2004). "Higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are associated with better lower-extremity function in both active and inactive persons aged > or =60 y". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 80 (3): 752–58. doi:10.1093/ajcn/80.3.752. PMID 15321818. https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fajcn%2F80.3.752 ↩
Bender, David A. (2003). "Vitamin D". Nutritional biochemistry of the vitamins. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-80388-5. Retrieved December 10, 2008 through Google Book Search. 978-0-521-80388-5 ↩
Adëeva Nutritionals Canada > Optimal blood test values Archived 2009-05-29 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on July 9, 2009 http://www.adeeva.com/resources/bloodtestscomplete.html ↩
Vasquez A, Cannell J (July 2005). "Calcium and vitamin D in preventing fractures: data are not sufficient to show inefficacy". BMJ. 331 (7508): 108–09, author reply 109. doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7508.108-b. PMC 558659. PMID 16002891. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC558659 ↩
Adëeva Nutritionals Canada > Optimal blood test values Archived 2009-05-29 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on July 9, 2009 http://www.adeeva.com/resources/bloodtestscomplete.html ↩
Vasquez A, Cannell J (July 2005). "Calcium and vitamin D in preventing fractures: data are not sufficient to show inefficacy". BMJ. 331 (7508): 108–09, author reply 109. doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7508.108-b. PMC 558659. PMID 16002891. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC558659 ↩
Adëeva Nutritionals Canada > Optimal blood test values Archived 2009-05-29 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on July 9, 2009 http://www.adeeva.com/resources/bloodtestscomplete.html ↩
Adëeva Nutritionals Canada > Optimal blood test values Archived 2009-05-29 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on July 9, 2009 http://www.adeeva.com/resources/bloodtestscomplete.html ↩
Merck Manuals > Common Medical Tests > Blood Tests Last full review/revision February 2003 http://www.merck.com/mmhe/appendixes/ap2/ap2b.html ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
For Driving under the influence by country, see Drunk driving law by country /wiki/Driving_under_the_influence ↩
For Driving under the influence by country, see Drunk driving law by country /wiki/Driving_under_the_influence ↩
For Driving under the influence by country, see Drunk driving law by country /wiki/Driving_under_the_influence ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 46g/mol ↩
Derived from mass values using 64,500 g/mol. This molar mass was taken from: Van Beekvelt MC, Colier WN, Wevers RA, Van Engelen BG (2001). "Performance of near-infrared spectroscopy in measuring local O2 consumption and blood flow in skeletal muscle". J Appl Physiol. 90 (2): 511–19. doi:10.1152/jappl.2001.90.2.511. PMID 11160049. S2CID 15468862. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Normal Lab Values Archived 2014-12-16 at the Wayback Machine at Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine. Retrieved July 2013 http://musom.marshall.edu/usmle/usmlelabvalues.htm ↩
Derived from mass values using 64,500 g/mol. This molar mass was taken from: Van Beekvelt MC, Colier WN, Wevers RA, Van Engelen BG (2001). "Performance of near-infrared spectroscopy in measuring local O2 consumption and blood flow in skeletal muscle". J Appl Physiol. 90 (2): 511–19. doi:10.1152/jappl.2001.90.2.511. PMID 11160049. S2CID 15468862. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Normal Lab Values Archived 2014-12-16 at the Wayback Machine at Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine. Retrieved July 2013 http://musom.marshall.edu/usmle/usmlelabvalues.htm ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Derived from mass values using 64,500 g/mol. This molar mass was taken from: Van Beekvelt MC, Colier WN, Wevers RA, Van Engelen BG (2001). "Performance of near-infrared spectroscopy in measuring local O2 consumption and blood flow in skeletal muscle". J Appl Physiol. 90 (2): 511–19. doi:10.1152/jappl.2001.90.2.511. PMID 11160049. S2CID 15468862. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Normal Lab Values Archived 2014-12-16 at the Wayback Machine at Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine. Retrieved July 2013 http://musom.marshall.edu/usmle/usmlelabvalues.htm ↩
Derived from mass values using 64,500 g/mol. This molar mass was taken from: Van Beekvelt MC, Colier WN, Wevers RA, Van Engelen BG (2001). "Performance of near-infrared spectroscopy in measuring local O2 consumption and blood flow in skeletal muscle". J Appl Physiol. 90 (2): 511–19. doi:10.1152/jappl.2001.90.2.511. PMID 11160049. S2CID 15468862. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Derived from mass values using 64,500 g/mol. This molar mass was taken from: Van Beekvelt MC, Colier WN, Wevers RA, Van Engelen BG (2001). "Performance of near-infrared spectroscopy in measuring local O2 consumption and blood flow in skeletal muscle". J Appl Physiol. 90 (2): 511–19. doi:10.1152/jappl.2001.90.2.511. PMID 11160049. S2CID 15468862. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Normal Lab Values Archived 2014-12-16 at the Wayback Machine at Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine. Retrieved July 2013 http://musom.marshall.edu/usmle/usmlelabvalues.htm ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
molar concentration as given for hemoglobin above, but multiplied by 4, according to: Lodemann P, Schorer G, Frey BM (February 2010). "Wrong molar hemoglobin reference values-a longstanding error that should be corrected". Annals of Hematology. 89 (2): 209. doi:10.1007/s00277-009-0791-x. PMID 19609525. S2CID 3091357. https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00277-009-0791-x ↩
molar concentration as given for hemoglobin above, but multiplied by 4, according to: Lodemann P, Schorer G, Frey BM (February 2010). "Wrong molar hemoglobin reference values-a longstanding error that should be corrected". Annals of Hematology. 89 (2): 209. doi:10.1007/s00277-009-0791-x. PMID 19609525. S2CID 3091357. https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00277-009-0791-x ↩
molar concentration as given for hemoglobin above, but multiplied by 4, according to: Lodemann P, Schorer G, Frey BM (February 2010). "Wrong molar hemoglobin reference values-a longstanding error that should be corrected". Annals of Hematology. 89 (2): 209. doi:10.1007/s00277-009-0791-x. PMID 19609525. S2CID 3091357. https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00277-009-0791-x ↩
molar concentration as given for hemoglobin above, but multiplied by 4, according to: Lodemann P, Schorer G, Frey BM (February 2010). "Wrong molar hemoglobin reference values-a longstanding error that should be corrected". Annals of Hematology. 89 (2): 209. doi:10.1007/s00277-009-0791-x. PMID 19609525. S2CID 3091357. https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00277-009-0791-x ↩
molar concentration as given for hemoglobin above, but multiplied by 4, according to: Lodemann P, Schorer G, Frey BM (February 2010). "Wrong molar hemoglobin reference values-a longstanding error that should be corrected". Annals of Hematology. 89 (2): 209. doi:10.1007/s00277-009-0791-x. PMID 19609525. S2CID 3091357. https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00277-009-0791-x ↩
molar concentration as given for hemoglobin above, but multiplied by 4, according to: Lodemann P, Schorer G, Frey BM (February 2010). "Wrong molar hemoglobin reference values-a longstanding error that should be corrected". Annals of Hematology. 89 (2): 209. doi:10.1007/s00277-009-0791-x. PMID 19609525. S2CID 3091357. https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00277-009-0791-x ↩
molar concentration as given for hemoglobin above, but multiplied by 4, according to: Lodemann P, Schorer G, Frey BM (February 2010). "Wrong molar hemoglobin reference values-a longstanding error that should be corrected". Annals of Hematology. 89 (2): 209. doi:10.1007/s00277-009-0791-x. PMID 19609525. S2CID 3091357. https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00277-009-0791-x ↩
molar concentration as given for hemoglobin above, but multiplied by 4, according to: Lodemann P, Schorer G, Frey BM (February 2010). "Wrong molar hemoglobin reference values-a longstanding error that should be corrected". Annals of Hematology. 89 (2): 209. doi:10.1007/s00277-009-0791-x. PMID 19609525. S2CID 3091357. https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00277-009-0791-x ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Derived from mass concentration, using molar mass of 64,458 g/mol. This molar mass was taken from: Van Beekvelt MC, Colier WN, Wevers RA, Van Engelen BG (2001). "Performance of near-infrared spectroscopy in measuring local O2 consumption and blood flow in skeletal muscle". J Appl Physiol. 90 (2): 511–19. doi:10.1152/jappl.2001.90.2.511. PMID 11160049. S2CID 15468862.. Subsequently, 1 g/dL = 0.1551 mmol/L /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Derived from mass concentration, using molar mass of 64,458 g/mol. This molar mass was taken from: Van Beekvelt MC, Colier WN, Wevers RA, Van Engelen BG (2001). "Performance of near-infrared spectroscopy in measuring local O2 consumption and blood flow in skeletal muscle". J Appl Physiol. 90 (2): 511–19. doi:10.1152/jappl.2001.90.2.511. PMID 11160049. S2CID 15468862.. Subsequently, 1 g/dL = 0.1551 mmol/L /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Derived from mass concentration, using molar mass of 64,458 g/mol. This molar mass was taken from: Van Beekvelt MC, Colier WN, Wevers RA, Van Engelen BG (2001). "Performance of near-infrared spectroscopy in measuring local O2 consumption and blood flow in skeletal muscle". J Appl Physiol. 90 (2): 511–19. doi:10.1152/jappl.2001.90.2.511. PMID 11160049. S2CID 15468862.. Subsequently, 1 g/dL = 0.1551 mmol/L /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Derived from mass concentration, using molar mass of 64,458 g/mol. This molar mass was taken from: Van Beekvelt MC, Colier WN, Wevers RA, Van Engelen BG (2001). "Performance of near-infrared spectroscopy in measuring local O2 consumption and blood flow in skeletal muscle". J Appl Physiol. 90 (2): 511–19. doi:10.1152/jappl.2001.90.2.511. PMID 11160049. S2CID 15468862.. Subsequently, 1 g/dL = 0.1551 mmol/L /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
The MCHC in g/dL and the mass fraction of hemoglobin in red blood cells in % are numerically identical in practice, assuming a RBC density of 1g/mL and negligible hemoglobin in plasma. ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Morkis IV, Farias MG, Scotti L (2016). "Determination of reference ranges for immature platelet and reticulocyte fractions and reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent". Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter. 38 (4): 310–313. doi:10.1016/j.bjhh.2016.07.001. PMC 5119661. PMID 27863758.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5119661 ↩
Morkis IV, Farias MG, Scotti L (2016). "Determination of reference ranges for immature platelet and reticulocyte fractions and reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent". Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter. 38 (4): 310–313. doi:10.1016/j.bjhh.2016.07.001. PMC 5119661. PMID 27863758.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5119661 ↩
Morkis IV, Farias MG, Scotti L (2016). "Determination of reference ranges for immature platelet and reticulocyte fractions and reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent". Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter. 38 (4): 310–313. doi:10.1016/j.bjhh.2016.07.001. PMC 5119661. PMID 27863758.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5119661 ↩
Morkis IV, Farias MG, Scotti L (2016). "Determination of reference ranges for immature platelet and reticulocyte fractions and reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent". Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter. 38 (4): 310–313. doi:10.1016/j.bjhh.2016.07.001. PMC 5119661. PMID 27863758.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5119661 ↩
Brugnara C, Schiller B, Moran J (2006). "Reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (Ret He) and assessment of iron-deficient states". Clinical and Laboratory Haematology. 28 (5): 303–8. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2257.2006.00812.x. PMC 1618805. PMID 16999719.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1618805 ↩
Brugnara C, Schiller B, Moran J (2006). "Reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (Ret He) and assessment of iron-deficient states". Clinical and Laboratory Haematology. 28 (5): 303–8. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2257.2006.00812.x. PMC 1618805. PMID 16999719.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1618805 ↩
Morkis IV, Farias MG, Scotti L (2016). "Determination of reference ranges for immature platelet and reticulocyte fractions and reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent". Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter. 38 (4): 310–313. doi:10.1016/j.bjhh.2016.07.001. PMC 5119661. PMID 27863758.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5119661 ↩
Morkis IV, Farias MG, Scotti L (2016). "Determination of reference ranges for immature platelet and reticulocyte fractions and reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent". Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter. 38 (4): 310–313. doi:10.1016/j.bjhh.2016.07.001. PMC 5119661. PMID 27863758.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5119661 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
lymphomation.org > Tests & Imaging > Labs > Complete Blood Count Retrieved on May 14, 2009 http://www.lymphomation.org/CBC-blood-counts.htm ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
lymphomation.org > Tests & Imaging > Labs > Complete Blood Count Retrieved on May 14, 2009 http://www.lymphomation.org/CBC-blood-counts.htm ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
McClatchey, Kenneth D. (November 28, 2002). Clinical Laboratory Medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9780683307511 – via Google Books. 9780683307511 ↩
McClatchey, Kenneth D. (November 28, 2002). Clinical Laboratory Medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9780683307511 – via Google Books. 9780683307511 ↩
McClatchey, Kenneth D. (November 28, 2002). Clinical Laboratory Medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9780683307511 – via Google Books. 9780683307511 ↩
McClatchey, Kenneth D. (November 28, 2002). Clinical Laboratory Medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9780683307511 – via Google Books. 9780683307511 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
lymphomation.org > Tests & Imaging > Labs > Complete Blood Count Retrieved on May 14, 2009 http://www.lymphomation.org/CBC-blood-counts.htm ↩
McClatchey, Kenneth D. (November 28, 2002). Clinical Laboratory Medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9780683307511 – via Google Books. 9780683307511 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
lymphomation.org > Tests & Imaging > Labs > Complete Blood Count Retrieved on May 14, 2009 http://www.lymphomation.org/CBC-blood-counts.htm ↩
McClatchey, Kenneth D. (November 28, 2002). Clinical Laboratory Medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9780683307511 – via Google Books. 9780683307511 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
McClatchey, Kenneth D. (November 28, 2002). Clinical Laboratory Medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9780683307511 – via Google Books. 9780683307511 ↩
McClatchey, Kenneth D. (November 28, 2002). Clinical Laboratory Medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9780683307511 – via Google Books. 9780683307511 ↩
McClatchey, Kenneth D. (November 28, 2002). Clinical Laboratory Medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9780683307511 – via Google Books. 9780683307511 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
lymphomation.org > Tests & Imaging > Labs > Complete Blood Count Retrieved on May 14, 2009 http://www.lymphomation.org/CBC-blood-counts.htm ↩
McClatchey, Kenneth D. (November 28, 2002). Clinical Laboratory Medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9780683307511 – via Google Books. 9780683307511 ↩
lymphomation.org > Tests & Imaging > Labs > Complete Blood Count Retrieved on May 14, 2009 http://www.lymphomation.org/CBC-blood-counts.htm ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
McClatchey, Kenneth D. (November 28, 2002). Clinical Laboratory Medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9780683307511 – via Google Books. 9780683307511 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
McClatchey, Kenneth D. (November 28, 2002). Clinical Laboratory Medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9780683307511 – via Google Books. 9780683307511 ↩
McClatchey, Kenneth D. (November 28, 2002). Clinical Laboratory Medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9780683307511 – via Google Books. 9780683307511 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
"Determination of monocyte count by hematological analyzers, manual method and flow cytometry in Polish population" Central European Journal of Immunology (Centr Eur J Immunol 2006; 31 (1–2): 1–5) authors: Elżbieta Górska, Urszula Demkow, Roman Pińkowski, Barbara Jakubczak, Dorota Matuszewicz, Jolanta Gawęda, Wioletta Rzeszotarska, Maria Wąsik, http://www.termedia.pl/magazine.php?magazine_id=10&article_id=6801&magazine_subpage=ABSTRACT ↩
gpnotebook.co.uk > blood constituents (reference range) Retrieved on May 14, 2009 http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=-637140985 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
McClatchey, Kenneth D. (November 28, 2002). Clinical Laboratory Medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9780683307511 – via Google Books. 9780683307511 ↩
gpnotebook.co.uk > blood constituents (reference range) Retrieved on May 14, 2009 http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=-637140985 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
McClatchey, Kenneth D. (November 28, 2002). Clinical Laboratory Medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9780683307511 – via Google Books. 9780683307511 ↩
McClatchey, Kenneth D. (November 28, 2002). Clinical Laboratory Medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9780683307511 – via Google Books. 9780683307511 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Merck Manuals > Common Medical Tests > Blood Tests Last full review/revision February 2003 http://www.merck.com/mmhe/appendixes/ap2/ap2b.html ↩
Merck Manuals > Common Medical Tests > Blood Tests Last full review/revision February 2003 http://www.merck.com/mmhe/appendixes/ap2/ap2b.html ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
gpnotebook.co.uk > blood constituents (reference range) Retrieved on May 14, 2009 http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=-637140985 ↩
gpnotebook.co.uk > blood constituents (reference range) Retrieved on May 14, 2009 http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=-637140985 ↩
McClatchey, Kenneth D. (November 28, 2002). Clinical Laboratory Medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9780683307511 – via Google Books. 9780683307511 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
McClatchey, Kenneth D. (November 28, 2002). Clinical Laboratory Medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9780683307511 – via Google Books. 9780683307511 ↩
McClatchey, Kenneth D. (November 28, 2002). Clinical Laboratory Medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9780683307511 – via Google Books. 9780683307511 ↩
lymphomation.org > Tests & Imaging > Labs > Complete Blood Count Retrieved on May 14, 2009 http://www.lymphomation.org/CBC-blood-counts.htm ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
gpnotebook.co.uk > blood constituents (reference range) Retrieved on May 14, 2009 http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=-637140985 ↩
McClatchey, Kenneth D. (November 28, 2002). Clinical Laboratory Medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9780683307511 – via Google Books. 9780683307511 ↩
lymphomation.org > Tests & Imaging > Labs > Complete Blood Count Retrieved on May 14, 2009 http://www.lymphomation.org/CBC-blood-counts.htm ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
McClatchey, Kenneth D. (November 28, 2002). Clinical Laboratory Medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9780683307511 – via Google Books. 9780683307511 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Demirin H, Ozhan H, Ucgun T, Celer A, Bulur S, Cil H, Gunes C, Yildirim HA (2011). "Normal range of mean platelet volume in healthy subjects: Insight from a large epidemiologic study". Thromb. Res. 128 (4): 358–60. doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2011.05.007. PMID 21620440. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Normal Values: RBC, Hgb, Hct, Indices, RDW, Platelets, and MPV (Conventional Units) Archived 2011-07-27 at the Wayback Machine From labcareplus. Retrieved 4 nov, 2010 http://www.labcareplus.org/docs/REFERENCE_RANGES.pdf ↩
Lozano M, Narváez J, Faúndez A, Mazzara R, Cid J, Jou JM, Marín JL, Ordinas A (1998). "[Platelet count and mean platelet volume in the Spanish population]". Med Clin (Barc) (in Spanish). 110 (20): 774–77. PMID 9666418. /wiki/PMID_(identifier) ↩
Normal Values: RBC, Hgb, Hct, Indices, RDW, Platelets, and MPV (Conventional Units) Archived 2011-07-27 at the Wayback Machine From labcareplus. Retrieved 4 nov, 2010 http://www.labcareplus.org/docs/REFERENCE_RANGES.pdf ↩
Lozano M, Narváez J, Faúndez A, Mazzara R, Cid J, Jou JM, Marín JL, Ordinas A (1998). "[Platelet count and mean platelet volume in the Spanish population]". Med Clin (Barc) (in Spanish). 110 (20): 774–77. PMID 9666418. /wiki/PMID_(identifier) ↩
Demirin H, Ozhan H, Ucgun T, Celer A, Bulur S, Cil H, Gunes C, Yildirim HA (2011). "Normal range of mean platelet volume in healthy subjects: Insight from a large epidemiologic study". Thromb. Res. 128 (4): 358–60. doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2011.05.007. PMID 21620440. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Merck Manuals > Common Medical Tests > Blood Tests Last full review/revision February 2003 http://www.merck.com/mmhe/appendixes/ap2/ap2b.html ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: 003652 /wiki/MedlinePlus ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Merck Manuals > Common Medical Tests > Blood Tests Last full review/revision February 2003 http://www.merck.com/mmhe/appendixes/ap2/ap2b.html ↩
MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: 003652 /wiki/MedlinePlus ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Merck Manuals > Common Medical Tests > Blood Tests Last full review/revision February 2003 http://www.merck.com/mmhe/appendixes/ap2/ap2b.html ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Merck Manuals > Common Medical Tests > Blood Tests Last full review/revision February 2003 http://www.merck.com/mmhe/appendixes/ap2/ap2b.html ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Antithrombin III at eMedicine https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2084978-overview ↩
Antithrombin CO000300 in Coagulation Test Handbook at Massachusetts General Hospital. In turn citing: Elizabeth M. Van Cott, M.D., and Michael Laposata, M.D., Ph.D., "Coagulation." In: Jacobs DS et al, ed. The Laboratory Test Handbook, 5th Edition. Lexi-Comp, Cleveland, 2001; 327–58. http://mghlabtest.partners.org/coagbook/co000300.htm ↩
Antithrombin III at eMedicine https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2084978-overview ↩
Antithrombin CO000300 in Coagulation Test Handbook at Massachusetts General Hospital. In turn citing: Elizabeth M. Van Cott, M.D., and Michael Laposata, M.D., Ph.D., "Coagulation." In: Jacobs DS et al, ed. The Laboratory Test Handbook, 5th Edition. Lexi-Comp, Cleveland, 2001; 327–58. http://mghlabtest.partners.org/coagbook/co000300.htm ↩
"Home". pathology.bsuh.nhs.uk. Retrieved November 20, 2009. http://pathology.bsuh.nhs.uk/pathology/Default.aspx?tabid=108 ↩
"Home". pathology.bsuh.nhs.uk. Retrieved November 20, 2009. http://pathology.bsuh.nhs.uk/pathology/Default.aspx?tabid=108 ↩
Miller A, Green M, Robinson D (January 1983). "Simple rule for calculating normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate". British Medical Journal. 286 (6361): 266. doi:10.1136/bmj.286.6361.266. PMC 1546487. PMID 6402065. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1546487 ↩
Böttiger LE, Svedberg CA (1967). "Normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate and age". Br Med J. 2 (5544): 85–87. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5544.85. PMC 1841240. PMID 6020854. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1841240 ↩
Miller A, Green M, Robinson D (January 1983). "Simple rule for calculating normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate". British Medical Journal. 286 (6361): 266. doi:10.1136/bmj.286.6361.266. PMC 1546487. PMID 6402065. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1546487 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
"C-reactive protein". GPnotebook. https://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=946536472 ↩
2730 Serum C-Reactive Protein values in Diabetics with Periodontal Disease Archived 2008-12-20 at the Wayback Machine A.R. Choudhury, and S. Rahman, Birdem, Diabetic Association of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh. (the diabetics were not used to determine the reference ranges) http://iadr.confex.com/iadr/2008Toronto/techprogram/abstract_106289.htm ↩
Derived from mass using molar mass of 25,106 g/mol ↩
Derived from mass using molar mass of 25,106 g/mol ↩
Sipahi T, Kara C, Tavil B, Inci A, Oksal A (March 2003). "Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: an overlooked cause of late hemorrhagic disease of the newborn". Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology. 25 (3): 274–75. doi:10.1097/00043426-200303000-00019. PMID 12621252. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 44324.5 g/mol ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 44324.5 g/mol ↩
Sipahi T, Kara C, Tavil B, Inci A, Oksal A (March 2003). "Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: an overlooked cause of late hemorrhagic disease of the newborn". Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology. 25 (3): 274–75. doi:10.1097/00043426-200303000-00019. PMID 12621252. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 44324.5 g/mol ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 44324.5 g/mol ↩
"Procalcitonin, Serum". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 2015-03-01. http://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/Clinical+and+Interpretive/83169 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
The Society for American Clinical Laboratory Science > Chemistry Tests > Immunoglobulins Archived 2009-10-15 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on Nov 26, 2009 http://www.ascls.org/labtesting/labchem.asp ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
The Society for American Clinical Laboratory Science > Chemistry Tests > Immunoglobulins Archived 2009-10-15 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on Nov 26, 2009 http://www.ascls.org/labtesting/labchem.asp ↩
The Society for American Clinical Laboratory Science > Chemistry Tests > Immunoglobulins Archived 2009-10-15 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on Nov 26, 2009 http://www.ascls.org/labtesting/labchem.asp ↩
The Society for American Clinical Laboratory Science > Chemistry Tests > Immunoglobulins Archived 2009-10-15 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on Nov 26, 2009 http://www.ascls.org/labtesting/labchem.asp ↩
The Society for American Clinical Laboratory Science > Chemistry Tests > Immunoglobulins Archived 2009-10-15 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on Nov 26, 2009 http://www.ascls.org/labtesting/labchem.asp ↩
The Society for American Clinical Laboratory Science > Chemistry Tests > Immunoglobulins Archived 2009-10-15 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on Nov 26, 2009 http://www.ascls.org/labtesting/labchem.asp ↩
The Society for American Clinical Laboratory Science > Chemistry Tests > Immunoglobulins Archived 2009-10-15 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on Nov 26, 2009 http://www.ascls.org/labtesting/labchem.asp ↩
The Society for American Clinical Laboratory Science > Chemistry Tests > Immunoglobulins Archived 2009-10-15 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on Nov 26, 2009 http://www.ascls.org/labtesting/labchem.asp ↩
The Society for American Clinical Laboratory Science > Chemistry Tests > Immunoglobulins Archived 2009-10-15 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on Nov 26, 2009 http://www.ascls.org/labtesting/labchem.asp ↩
The Society for American Clinical Laboratory Science > Chemistry Tests > Immunoglobulins Archived 2009-10-15 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on Nov 26, 2009 http://www.ascls.org/labtesting/labchem.asp ↩
"SSA – Clinical: SS-A/Ro Antibodies, IgG, Serum". www.mayocliniclabs.com. Mayo Clinic Laboratories. Retrieved 2 July 2020. https://www.mayocliniclabs.com/test-catalog/Clinical+and+Interpretive/81360 ↩
"SSA – Clinical: SS-A/Ro Antibodies, IgG, Serum". www.mayocliniclabs.com. Mayo Clinic Laboratories. Retrieved 2 July 2020. https://www.mayocliniclabs.com/test-catalog/Clinical+and+Interpretive/81360 ↩
"SSB – Clinical: SS-B/La Antibodies, IgG, Serum". www.mayocliniclabs.com. Mayo Clinic Laboratories. Retrieved 2 July 2020. https://www.mayocliniclabs.com/test-catalog/Clinical+and+Interpretive/81359 ↩
"SSB – Clinical: SS-B/La Antibodies, IgG, Serum". www.mayocliniclabs.com. Mayo Clinic Laboratories. Retrieved 2 July 2020. https://www.mayocliniclabs.com/test-catalog/Clinical+and+Interpretive/81359 ↩
"ADNA – Clinical: DNA Double-Stranded Antibodies, IgG, Serum". www.mayocliniclabs.com. Mayo Clinic Laboratories. Retrieved 2 July 2020. https://www.mayocliniclabs.com/test-catalog/Clinical+and+Interpretive/8178 ↩
"ADNA – Clinical: DNA Double-Stranded Antibodies, IgG, Serum". www.mayocliniclabs.com. Mayo Clinic Laboratories. Retrieved 2 July 2020. https://www.mayocliniclabs.com/test-catalog/Clinical+and+Interpretive/8178 ↩
"ADNA – Clinical: DNA Double-Stranded Antibodies, IgG, Serum". www.mayocliniclabs.com. Mayo Clinic Laboratories. Retrieved 2 July 2020. https://www.mayocliniclabs.com/test-catalog/Clinical+and+Interpretive/8178 ↩
chronolab.com > Autoantibodies associated with rheumatic diseases > Reference ranges Archived 2013-07-30 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on April 29, 2010 http://www.chronolab.com/rheumatic/range.htm ↩
chronolab.com > Autoantibodies associated with rheumatic diseases > Reference ranges Archived 2013-07-30 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on April 29, 2010 http://www.chronolab.com/rheumatic/range.htm ↩
chronolab.com > Autoantibodies associated with rheumatic diseases > Reference ranges Archived 2013-07-30 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on April 29, 2010 http://www.chronolab.com/rheumatic/range.htm ↩
chronolab.com > Autoantibodies associated with rheumatic diseases > Reference ranges Archived 2013-07-30 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on April 29, 2010 http://www.chronolab.com/rheumatic/range.htm ↩
chronolab.com > Autoantibodies associated with rheumatic diseases > Reference ranges Archived 2013-07-30 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on April 29, 2010 http://www.chronolab.com/rheumatic/range.htm ↩
chronolab.com > Autoantibodies associated with rheumatic diseases > Reference ranges Archived 2013-07-30 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on April 29, 2010 http://www.chronolab.com/rheumatic/range.htm ↩
chronolab.com > Autoantibodies associated with rheumatic diseases > Reference ranges Archived 2013-07-30 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on April 29, 2010 http://www.chronolab.com/rheumatic/range.htm ↩
chronolab.com > Autoantibodies associated with rheumatic diseases > Reference ranges Archived 2013-07-30 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on April 29, 2010 http://www.chronolab.com/rheumatic/range.htm ↩
chronolab.com > Autoantibodies associated with rheumatic diseases > Reference ranges Archived 2013-07-30 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on April 29, 2010 http://www.chronolab.com/rheumatic/range.htm ↩
chronolab.com > Autoantibodies associated with rheumatic diseases > Reference ranges Archived 2013-07-30 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on April 29, 2010 http://www.chronolab.com/rheumatic/range.htm ↩
chronolab.com > Autoantibodies associated with rheumatic diseases > Reference ranges Archived 2013-07-30 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on April 29, 2010 http://www.chronolab.com/rheumatic/range.htm ↩
"AMA – Clinical: Mitochondrial Antibodies (M2), Serum". www.mayocliniclabs.com. Mayo Clinic Laboratories. Retrieved 2 July 2020. https://www.mayocliniclabs.com/test-catalog/Clinical+and+Interpretive/8176 ↩
"AMA – Clinical: Mitochondrial Antibodies (M2), Serum". www.mayocliniclabs.com. Mayo Clinic Laboratories. Retrieved 2 July 2020. https://www.mayocliniclabs.com/test-catalog/Clinical+and+Interpretive/8176 ↩
"AMA – Clinical: Mitochondrial Antibodies (M2), Serum". www.mayocliniclabs.com. Mayo Clinic Laboratories. Retrieved 2 July 2020. https://www.mayocliniclabs.com/test-catalog/Clinical+and+Interpretive/8176 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
chronolab.com > Autoantibodies associated with rheumatic diseases > Reference ranges Archived 2013-07-30 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on April 29, 2010 http://www.chronolab.com/rheumatic/range.htm ↩
chronolab.com > Autoantibodies associated with rheumatic diseases > Reference ranges Archived 2013-07-30 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on April 29, 2010 http://www.chronolab.com/rheumatic/range.htm ↩
chronolab.com > Autoantibodies associated with rheumatic diseases > Reference ranges Archived 2013-07-30 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on April 29, 2010 http://www.chronolab.com/rheumatic/range.htm ↩
chronolab.com > Autoantibodies associated with rheumatic diseases > Reference ranges Archived 2013-07-30 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on April 29, 2010 http://www.chronolab.com/rheumatic/range.htm ↩
chronolab.com > Autoantibodies associated with rheumatic diseases > Reference ranges Archived 2013-07-30 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on April 29, 2010 http://www.chronolab.com/rheumatic/range.htm ↩
chronolab.com > Autoantibodies associated with rheumatic diseases > Reference ranges Archived 2013-07-30 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on April 29, 2010 http://www.chronolab.com/rheumatic/range.htm ↩
chronolab.com > Autoantibodies associated with rheumatic diseases > Reference ranges Archived 2013-07-30 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on April 29, 2010 http://www.chronolab.com/rheumatic/range.htm ↩
chronolab.com > Autoantibodies associated with rheumatic diseases > Reference ranges Archived 2013-07-30 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on April 29, 2010 http://www.chronolab.com/rheumatic/range.htm ↩
chronolab.com > Autoantibodies associated with rheumatic diseases > Reference ranges Archived 2013-07-30 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on April 29, 2010 http://www.chronolab.com/rheumatic/range.htm ↩
chronolab.com > Autoantibodies associated with rheumatic diseases > Reference ranges Archived 2013-07-30 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on April 29, 2010 http://www.chronolab.com/rheumatic/range.htm ↩
chronolab.com > Autoantibodies associated with rheumatic diseases > Reference ranges Archived 2013-07-30 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on April 29, 2010 http://www.chronolab.com/rheumatic/range.htm ↩
chronolab.com > Autoantibodies associated with rheumatic diseases > Reference ranges Archived 2013-07-30 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on April 29, 2010 http://www.chronolab.com/rheumatic/range.htm ↩
chronolab.com > Autoantibodies associated with rheumatic diseases > Reference ranges Archived 2013-07-30 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on April 29, 2010 http://www.chronolab.com/rheumatic/range.htm ↩
chronolab.com > Autoantibodies associated with rheumatic diseases > Reference ranges Archived 2013-07-30 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on April 29, 2010 http://www.chronolab.com/rheumatic/range.htm ↩
chronolab.com > Autoantibodies associated with rheumatic diseases > Reference ranges Archived 2013-07-30 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on April 29, 2010 http://www.chronolab.com/rheumatic/range.htm ↩
chronolab.com > Autoantibodies associated with rheumatic diseases > Reference ranges Archived 2013-07-30 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on April 29, 2010 http://www.chronolab.com/rheumatic/range.htm ↩
chronolab.com > Autoantibodies associated with rheumatic diseases > Reference ranges Archived 2013-07-30 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on April 29, 2010 http://www.chronolab.com/rheumatic/range.htm ↩
chronolab.com > Autoantibodies associated with rheumatic diseases > Reference ranges Archived 2013-07-30 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on April 29, 2010 http://www.chronolab.com/rheumatic/range.htm ↩
chronolab.com > Autoantibodies associated with rheumatic diseases > Reference ranges Archived 2013-07-30 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on April 29, 2010 http://www.chronolab.com/rheumatic/range.htm ↩
chronolab.com > Autoantibodies associated with rheumatic diseases > Reference ranges Archived 2013-07-30 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on April 29, 2010 http://www.chronolab.com/rheumatic/range.htm ↩
Rajkumar SV, Kyle RA, Therneau TM, et al. (August 2005). "Serum free light chain ratio is an independent risk factor for progression in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance". Blood. 106 (3): 812–17. doi:10.1182/blood-2005-03-1038. PMC 1895159. PMID 15855274. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1895159 ↩
Rajkumar SV, Kyle RA, Therneau TM, et al. (August 2005). "Serum free light chain ratio is an independent risk factor for progression in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance". Blood. 106 (3): 812–17. doi:10.1182/blood-2005-03-1038. PMC 1895159. PMID 15855274. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1895159 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Fachwörterbuch Kompakt Medizin E-D/D-E. Author: Fritz-Jürgen Nöhring. Edition 2. Publisher:Elsevier, Urban&FischerVerlag, 2004. ISBN 978-3-437-15120-0. Length: 1288 pages /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩
Fachwörterbuch Kompakt Medizin E-D/D-E. Author: Fritz-Jürgen Nöhring. Edition 2. Publisher:Elsevier, Urban&FischerVerlag, 2004. ISBN 978-3-437-15120-0. Length: 1288 pages /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
"Reference range (amylase)". GPnotebook. https://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=309002307 ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Fachwörterbuch Kompakt Medizin E-D/D-E. Author: Fritz-Jürgen Nöhring. Edition 2. Publisher:Elsevier, Urban&FischerVerlag, 2004. ISBN 978-3-437-15120-0. Length: 1288 pages /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Derived from mass using molar mass of 25,106 g/mol ↩
Derived from mass using molar mass of 25,106 g/mol ↩
Ageno W, Finazzi S, Steidl L, et al. (2002). "Plasma measurement of D-dimer levels for the early diagnosis of ischemic stroke subtypes". Archives of Internal Medicine. 162 (22): 2589–93. doi:10.1001/archinte.162.22.2589. hdl:2434/51239. PMID 12456231. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Kline JA, Williams GW, Hernandez-Nino J (May 2005). "D-dimer concentrations in normal pregnancy: new diagnostic thresholds are needed". Clinical Chemistry. 51 (5): 825–29. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2004.044883. PMID 15764641. https://doi.org/10.1373%2Fclinchem.2004.044883 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Fachwörterbuch Kompakt Medizin E-D/D-E. Author: Fritz-Jürgen Nöhring. Edition 2. Publisher:Elsevier, Urban&FischerVerlag, 2004. ISBN 978-3-437-15120-0. Length: 1288 pages /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Fachwörterbuch Kompakt Medizin E-D/D-E. Author: Fritz-Jürgen Nöhring. Edition 2. Publisher:Elsevier, Urban&FischerVerlag, 2004. ISBN 978-3-437-15120-0. Length: 1288 pages /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩
Fachwörterbuch Kompakt Medizin E-D/D-E. Author: Fritz-Jürgen Nöhring. Edition 2. Publisher:Elsevier, Urban&FischerVerlag, 2004. ISBN 978-3-437-15120-0. Length: 1288 pages /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩
Fachwörterbuch Kompakt Medizin E-D/D-E. Author: Fritz-Jürgen Nöhring. Edition 2. Publisher:Elsevier, Urban&FischerVerlag, 2004. ISBN 978-3-437-15120-0. Length: 1288 pages /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩
Fachwörterbuch Kompakt Medizin E-D/D-E. Author: Fritz-Jürgen Nöhring. Edition 2. Publisher:Elsevier, Urban&FischerVerlag, 2004. ISBN 978-3-437-15120-0. Length: 1288 pages /wiki/ISBN_(identifier) ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Gardner MD, Scott R (April 1980). "Age- and sex-related reference ranges for eight plasma constituents derived from randomly selected adults in a Scottish new town". Journal of Clinical Pathology. 33 (4): 380–85. doi:10.1136/jcp.33.4.380. PMC 1146084. PMID 7400337. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1146084 ↩
Gardner MD, Scott R (April 1980). "Age- and sex-related reference ranges for eight plasma constituents derived from randomly selected adults in a Scottish new town". Journal of Clinical Pathology. 33 (4): 380–85. doi:10.1136/jcp.33.4.380. PMC 1146084. PMID 7400337. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1146084 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Finney H, Newman DJ, Price CP (January 2000). "Adult reference ranges for serum cystatin C, creatinine and predicted creatinine clearance". Annals of Clinical Biochemistry. 37 (1): 49–59. doi:10.1258/0004563001901524. PMID 10672373. S2CID 35866310. https://doi.org/10.1258%2F0004563001901524 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Finney H, Newman DJ, Price CP (January 2000). "Adult reference ranges for serum cystatin C, creatinine and predicted creatinine clearance". Annals of Clinical Biochemistry. 37 (1): 49–59. doi:10.1258/0004563001901524. PMID 10672373. S2CID 35866310. https://doi.org/10.1258%2F0004563001901524 ↩
Derived from molar values by multiplying with the molar mass of 113.118 g/mol, and divided by 10.000 to adapt from μg/L to mg/dL ↩
Derived from molar values by multiplying with the molar mass of 113.118 g/mol, and divided by 10.000 to adapt from μg/L to mg/dL ↩
Derived from molar values by multiplying with the molar mass of 113.118 g/mol, and divided by 10.000 to adapt from μg/L to mg/dL ↩
Derived from molar values by multiplying with the molar mass of 113.118 g/mol, and divided by 10.000 to adapt from μg/L to mg/dL ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Finney H, Newman DJ, Price CP (January 2000). "Adult reference ranges for serum cystatin C, creatinine and predicted creatinine clearance". Annals of Clinical Biochemistry. 37 (1): 49–59. doi:10.1258/0004563001901524. PMID 10672373. S2CID 35866310. https://doi.org/10.1258%2F0004563001901524 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Finney H, Newman DJ, Price CP (January 2000). "Adult reference ranges for serum cystatin C, creatinine and predicted creatinine clearance". Annals of Clinical Biochemistry. 37 (1): 49–59. doi:10.1258/0004563001901524. PMID 10672373. S2CID 35866310. https://doi.org/10.1258%2F0004563001901524 ↩
Derived from molar values by multiplying with the molar mass of 113.118 g/mol, and divided by 10.000 to adapt from μg/L to mg/dL ↩
Derived from molar values by multiplying with the molar mass of 113.118 g/mol, and divided by 10.000 to adapt from μg/L to mg/dL ↩
Derived from molar values by multiplying with the molar mass of 113.118 g/mol, and divided by 10.000 to adapt from μg/L to mg/dL ↩
Derived from molar values by multiplying with the molar mass of 113.118 g/mol, and divided by 10.000 to adapt from μg/L to mg/dL ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Glucose tolerance test /wiki/MedlinePlus ↩
Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease. http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm ↩
Last page of Deepak A. Rao; Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. 978-0-07-149868-5 ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 180g/mol ↩
MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Glucose tolerance test /wiki/MedlinePlus ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008 ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 180g/mol ↩
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 180g/mol ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 180g/mol ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 180g/mol ↩
"Diabetes – Prevention". Cleveland Clinic. Retrieved 2016-06-23. Last revised 1/15/2013 http://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases_conditions/hic_Diabetes_Basics/hic_Understanding_Pre-Diabetes ↩
"Diabetes – Prevention". Cleveland Clinic. Retrieved 2016-06-23. Last revised 1/15/2013 http://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases_conditions/hic_Diabetes_Basics/hic_Understanding_Pre-Diabetes ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 90.08 g/mol ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 90.08 g/mol ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 90.08 g/mol ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 90.08 g/mol ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Blood Test Results – Normal Ranges Archived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Machine Bloodbook.Com http://www.bloodbook.com/ranges.html ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 88.06 g/mol ↩
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 88.06 g/mol ↩
Ketones at eMedicine https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2087982-overview ↩
Ketones at eMedicine https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2087982-overview ↩
Page 700 in:Richard C. Dart (2004). Medical Toxicology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins=year=2004. ISBN 9780781728454. 9780781728454 ↩
Page 700 in:Richard C. Dart (2004). Medical Toxicology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins=year=2004. ISBN 9780781728454. 9780781728454 ↩
Page 700 in:Richard C. Dart (2004). Medical Toxicology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins=year=2004. ISBN 9780781728454. 9780781728454 ↩
Page 700 in:Richard C. Dart (2004). Medical Toxicology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins=year=2004. ISBN 9780781728454. 9780781728454 ↩
The UK Electronic Medical Compendium recommends 0.4–0.8 mmol/L plasma lithium level in adults for prophylaxis of recurrent affective bipolar manic-depressive illness Camcolit 250 mg Lithium Carbonate Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine Revision 2 December 2010, Retrieved 5 May 2011 http://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/document.aspx?documentId=1239 ↩
Amdisen A. (1978). "Clinical and serum level monitoring in lithium therapy and lithium intoxication". J. Anal. Toxicol. 2 (5): 193–202. doi:10.1093/jat/2.5.193. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
R. Baselt, Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man, 8th edition, Biomedical Publications, Foster City, CA, 2008, pp. 851–54. ↩
One study (Solomon, D.; Ristow, W.; Keller, M.; Kane, J.; Gelenberg, A.; Rosenbaum, J.; Warshaw, M. (1996). "Serum lithium levels and psychosocial function in patients with bipolar I disorder". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 153 (10): 1301–07. doi:10.1176/ajp.153.10.1301. PMID 8831438.) concluded a "low" dose of 0.4–0.6 mmol/L serum lithium treatment for patients with bipolar 1 disorder had less side effects, but a higher rate of relapse, than a "standard" dose of 0.8–1.0 mmol/L. However, a reanalysis of the same experimental data (Perlis, R.; Sachs, G.; Lafer, B.; Otto, M.; Faraone, S.; Kane, J.; Rosenbaum, J. (2002). "Effect of abrupt change from standard to low serum levels of lithium: A reanalysis of double-blind lithium maintenance data". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 159 (7): 1155–59. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.7.1155. PMID 12091193. S2CID 12103424.) concluded the higher rate of relapse for the "low" dose was due to abrupt changes in the lithium serum levels[improper synthesis?] /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Amdisen A. (1978). "Clinical and serum level monitoring in lithium therapy and lithium intoxication". J. Anal. Toxicol. 2 (5): 193–202. doi:10.1093/jat/2.5.193. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
R. Baselt, Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man, 8th edition, Biomedical Publications, Foster City, CA, 2008, pp. 851–54. ↩
John Marx; Ron Walls; Robert Hockberger (2013). Rosen's Emergency Medicine – Concepts and Clinical Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 9781455749874. 9781455749874 ↩
John Marx; Ron Walls; Robert Hockberger (2013). Rosen's Emergency Medicine – Concepts and Clinical Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 9781455749874. 9781455749874 ↩

Interpretation

Plasma or whole blood

Units

Arterial or venous

Usual or optimal

Variability

Sorted by concentration

By mass and molarity

By units

By enzyme activity

White blood cells

Sorted by category

Ions and trace metals

Acid–base and blood gases

Liver function

Cardiac tests

Lipids

Tumour markers

Endocrinology

Thyroid hormones

Sex hormones

Other hormones

Vitamins

Toxic Substances

Hematology

Red blood cells

White blood cells

Coagulation

Immunology

Acute phase proteins

Isotypes of antibodies

Autoantibodies

Other immunology

Other enzymes and proteins

Other electrolytes and metabolites

Medication

See also

Notes

External links

Further reading

References