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SQL:2023
2023 edition of the SQL standard

SQL:2023 or ISO/IEC 9075:2023 (under the general title "Information technology – Database languages – SQL") is the ninth edition of the ISO (1987) and ANSI (1986) standard for the SQL database query language. It was formally adopted in June 2023.

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New features

SQL:2023 includes new and updated features.1 The changes can be grouped into three main areas:

  • Property graph queries, a graph query language built on top of SQL
    • The new part 16, “Property Graph Queries (SQL/PGQ)”,2 has been added to the SQL standard.
  • New features related to JSON3
    • JSON data type (T801)
    • Enhanced JSON data type (T802)
    • String-based JSON (T803)
    • Hex integer literals in SQL/JSON path language (T840)
    • SQL/JSON simplified accessor (T860–T864)
    • SQL/JSON item methods (T865–T878)
    • JSON comparison (T879–T882)
  • Various smaller changes to the existing SQL language (all optional features):
    • UNIQUE null treatment (F292)
    • ORDER BY in grouped table (F868)
    • GREATEST and LEAST (T054)
    • String padding functions (T055)
    • Multi-character TRIM function (T056)
    • Optional string types maximum length (T081)
    • Enhanced cycle mark values (T133)
    • ANY_VALUE (T626)
    • Underscores in numeric literals (T662)

Property Graph Queries (SQL/PGQ)

SQL/PGQ reduces the difference in functionality between relational DBMSs and native graph DBMSs. Basically, this new feature makes it easier to query data in tables as if it were in a graph database, providing a possibly more intuitive alternative to writing complex join queries.4

In comparison, the GQL standard for graph DBMSs adds graph updates, querying multiple graphs, and queries that return a graph result rather than a binding table.5

See also

Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: Structured Query Language

References

  1. Eisentraut, Peter (4 April 2023). "SQL:2023 is finished: Here is what's new" (World wide web log). Retrieved 2024-11-08. https://peter.eisentraut.org/blog/2023/04/04/sql-2023-is-finished-here-is-whats-new ↩

  2. "Database languages SQL — Part 16: Property Graph Queries (SQL/PGQ)". ISO/IEC 9075-16:2023 Information technology. ISO. 2023. Retrieved 2023-06-05. https://www.iso.org/standard/79473.html ↩

  3. "SQL: 2023 is Released – A Leap Forward in Data Management". Stack diary. 1 June 2023. Archived from the original on 2023-06-02. Retrieved 2023-06-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20230602210744/https://stackdiary.com/sql-2023-is-released/ ↩

  4. Eisentraut 2023. - Eisentraut, Peter (4 April 2023). "SQL:2023 is finished: Here is what's new" (World wide web log). Retrieved 2024-11-08. https://peter.eisentraut.org/blog/2023/04/04/sql-2023-is-finished-here-is-whats-new ↩

  5. ten Wolde, Daniel; Singh, Tavneet; Szárnyas, Gábor; Boncz, Peter (8 January 2023). "DuckPGQ: Efficient property graph queries in an analytical RDBMS". IR. NL: CWI. Retrieved 2023-06-02. https://ir.cwi.nl/pub/32773 ↩