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Skill-based theories of second-language acquisition
Skull–related theories of forensic anthropology

Skill-based theories of second-language acquisition are theories of second-language acquisition based on models of skill acquisition in cognitive psychology. These theories conceive of second-language acquisition as being learned in the same way as any other skill, such as learning to drive a car or play the piano. That is, they see practice as the key ingredient of language acquisition. The most well-known of these theories is based on John Anderson's adaptive control of thought model.

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Adaptive control of thought

Main article: ACT-R

The adaptive control of thought model assumes a distinction between declarative knowledge, knowledge that is conscious and consists of facts,2 and procedural knowledge, knowledge of how an activity is done.34 In this model, skill acquisition is seen as a progression from declarative to procedural knowledge.5 Adaptive control of thought is a general model of cognition, and second-language acquisition is just one application of a wide area of research in cognitive psychology.6 Second-language acquisition is seen as a progression through three stages, declarative, procedural, and autonomous.7

Notes

  • Richards, Jack C.; Schmidt, Richard, eds. (2009). Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics. New York: Longman. ISBN 978-1-4082-0460-3.
  • VanPatten, Bill; Benati, Alessandro G. (2010). Key Terms in Second Language Acquisition. London: Continuum. ISBN 978-0-8264-9914-1.

References

  1. VanPatten & Benati 2010, pp. 149–150, "Skill/s". - VanPatten, Bill; Benati, Alessandro G. (2010). Key Terms in Second Language Acquisition. London: Continuum. ISBN 978-0-8264-9914-1. ↩

  2. Richards & Schmidt 2009, "Declarative knowledge". - Richards, Jack C.; Schmidt, Richard, eds. (2009). Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics. New York: Longman. ISBN 978-1-4082-0460-3. ↩

  3. Richards & Schmidt 2009, "Procedural knowledge". - Richards, Jack C.; Schmidt, Richard, eds. (2009). Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics. New York: Longman. ISBN 978-1-4082-0460-3. ↩

  4. Richards & Schmidt 2009, "Adaptive control of thought". - Richards, Jack C.; Schmidt, Richard, eds. (2009). Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics. New York: Longman. ISBN 978-1-4082-0460-3. ↩

  5. Richards & Schmidt 2009, "Adaptive control of thought". - Richards, Jack C.; Schmidt, Richard, eds. (2009). Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics. New York: Longman. ISBN 978-1-4082-0460-3. ↩

  6. VanPatten & Benati 2010, p. 62, "Adaptive Control of Thought model". - VanPatten, Bill; Benati, Alessandro G. (2010). Key Terms in Second Language Acquisition. London: Continuum. ISBN 978-0-8264-9914-1. ↩

  7. VanPatten & Benati 2010, p. 62, "Adaptive Control of Thought model". - VanPatten, Bill; Benati, Alessandro G. (2010). Key Terms in Second Language Acquisition. London: Continuum. ISBN 978-0-8264-9914-1. ↩