A strange particle is an elementary particle with a strangeness quantum number different from zero. Strange particles are members of a large family of elementary particles carrying the quantum number of strangeness, including several cases where the quantum number is hidden in a strange/anti-strange pair, for example in the Φ meson. The classification of particles, as mesons and baryons, follows the quark/anti-quark and three quark content respectively. Murray Gell-Mann recognized the group structure of elementary particle classification introducing the flavour SU(3) and strangeness as a new quantum number.
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References
Gell-Mann, M. (1982). "Strangeness". Le Journal de Physique Colloques. 43 (C8): C8–395–C8-408. doi:10.1051/jphyscol:1982825. ISSN 0449-1947. Archived from the original on 30 April 2010. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/jpa-00222385/ ↩
Rochester, George D. (1985), "The Early History of the Strange Particles", in Sekido, Yataro; Elliot, Harry (eds.), Early History of Cosmic Ray Studies, Astrophysics and Space Science Library, vol. 118, Springer Netherlands, pp. 299–321, Bibcode:1985ASSL..118..299R, doi:10.1007/978-94-009-5434-2_31, ISBN 978-94-010-8899-2, retrieved 2020-05-06 978-94-010-8899-2 ↩
Wroblewski, A.K. (2004). "Hypernuclei (and Strange Particles) — How It All Began?". Acta Phys. Pol. B. 35: 901. https://www.actaphys.uj.edu.pl/R/35/3/901/pdf ↩
Griffiths, David (1987). Introduction to Elementary Particles. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 28–33. ISBN 978-3-527-61847-7. Strange particles (1947-1960) 978-3-527-61847-7 ↩
Adair, Robert Kemp; Fowler, Earle Cabell (1963). Strange particles. Interscience Publishers. https://books.google.com/books?id=lYZ5AAAAIAAJ ↩