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Tom Hanks
American actor and film producer (born 1956)

Thomas Jeffrey Hanks (born July 9, 1956) is an acclaimed American actor and filmmaker known for his versatility across comedic and dramatic roles. Ranked as the fourth-highest-grossing American film actor, Hanks has received numerous honors, including two Academy Awards, seven Emmy Awards, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom. He rose to fame with comedies like Splash and Big, won back-to-back Oscars for Philadelphia and Forrest Gump, and collaborated often with Steven Spielberg. His filmography spans beloved dramas and rom-coms such as Sleepless in Seattle and Apollo 13. Beyond film, Hanks co-led the sitcom Bosom Buddies and heads the production company Playtone.

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Early life and family

Hanks was born in Concord, California,10 on July 9, 1956,11 to hospital worker Janet Marylyn (née Frager) and itinerant1213 cook Amos "Bud"1415 Hanks. His mother was from a Portuguese family; their surname was originally "Fraga".16 His father had English ancestry,17 and through his line, Hanks is a distant cousin of President Abraham Lincoln1819 and children's host Fred Rogers (who Hanks has portrayed in a film role).2021

Hanks' parents divorced in 1960.22 Their three oldest children, Sandra (later Sandra Hanks Benoiton, a writer),23 Larry (who became an entomology professor at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign),2425 and Tom, went with their father, while the youngest, Jim (who also became an actor and filmmaker), remained with their mother in Red Bluff, California.26 In his childhood, Hanks' family moved often; by age ten, he had lived in ten different houses.27

Hanks' family's religious history was Catholic and Mormon.28 One journalist characterized Hanks' teenage self as being a "Bible-toting evangelical" for several years.29 In school, he was unpopular with students and teachers alike, later telling Rolling Stone magazine, "I was a geek, a spaz. I was horribly, painfully, terribly shy. At the same time, I was the guy who'd yell out funny captions during filmstrips. But I didn't get into trouble. I was always a real good kid and pretty responsible."30 Hanks acted in school plays, including South Pacific, while attending Skyline High School in Oakland, California.31

Having grown up in the Bay Area, Hanks says that some of his first movie memories were seeing movies in the Alameda Theatre.32 Hanks studied theater at Chabot College in Hayward, California,33 and transferred to California State University, Sacramento after two years.3435 During a 2001 interview with sportscaster Bob Costas, Hanks was asked whether he would rather have an Oscar or a Heisman Trophy. He replied that he would have rather won a Heisman by playing halfback for the California Golden Bears.36 He told New York magazine in 1986, "Acting classes looked like the best place for a guy who liked to make a lot of noise and be rather flamboyant. I spent a lot of time going to plays. I wouldn't take dates with me. I'd just drive to a theater, buy myself a ticket, sit in the seat and read the program, and then get into the play completely. I spent a lot of time like that, seeing Brecht, Tennessee Williams, Ibsen, and all that."37

During his years studying theater, Hanks met Vincent Dowling, head of the Great Lakes Theater Festival in Cleveland, Ohio.38 At Dowling's suggestion, Hanks became an intern at the festival. His internship stretched into a three-year experience that covered most aspects of theater production, including lighting, set design, and stage management, prompting Hanks to drop out of college. During the same time, Hanks won the Cleveland Critics Circle Award for Best Actor for his 1978 performance as Proteus in Shakespeare's The Two Gentlemen of Verona, one of the few times he played a villain.39

Career

See also: List of Tom Hanks performances and List of awards and nominations received by Tom Hanks

1980–1989: Early work, sitcom and comedy films

In 1979, Hanks moved to New York City, where he made his film debut in the low-budget slasher film He Knows You're Alone (1980)4041 and landed a starring role in the television movie Mazes and Monsters (1982).42 Early that year, he was cast as the lead, Callimaco, in the Riverside Shakespeare Company's production of Niccolò Machiavelli's The Mandrake, directed by Daniel Southern.43 The following year, Hanks landed one of the lead roles, that of character Kip Wilson, on the ABC television pilot of Bosom Buddies. He and Peter Scolari played a pair of young advertising men forced to dress as women so they could live in an inexpensive all-female hotel.44 Hanks had previously partnered with Scolari on the 1970s game show Make Me Laugh. After landing the role, Hanks moved to Los Angeles. Bosom Buddies ran for two seasons, and, although the ratings were never strong, television critics gave the program high marks. "The first day I saw him on the set," co-producer Ian Praiser told Rolling Stone, "I thought, 'Too bad he won't be in television for long.' I knew he'd be a movie star in two years."45

Hanks made a guest appearance on a 1982 episode of Happy Days ("A Case of Revenge", in which he played a disgruntled former classmate of Fonzie) where he met writers Lowell Ganz and Babaloo Mandel who were writing the film Splash (1984), a romantic comedy fantasy about a mermaid who falls in love with a human, to be directed by former Happy Days star Ron Howard. Ganz and Mandel suggested Howard consider Hanks for the film.464748 At first, Howard considered Hanks for the role of the main character's wisecracking brother, a role that eventually went to John Candy. Instead, Hanks landed the lead role in Splash, which went on to become a surprise box office hit, grossing more than US$69 million.49 He had a sizable hit with the sex comedy Bachelor Party, also in 1984.50 In 1983–84, Hanks made three guest appearances on Family Ties as Elyse Keaton's alcoholic brother Ned Donnelly.5152

With Nothing in Common (1986)—a story of a young man alienated from his father (Jackie Gleason)—Hanks began to extend himself from comedic roles to dramatic. In an interview with Rolling Stone, Hanks commented on his experience: "It changed my desires about working in movies. Part of it was the nature of the material, what we were trying to say. But besides that, it focused on people's relationships. The story was about a guy and his father, unlike, say, The Money Pit, where the story is really about a guy and his house."53 In 1987, he had signed an agreement with The Walt Disney Studios where he had starred to a talent pool in an acting/producing pact.54 After a few more flops and a moderate success with the comedy Dragnet (1987), Hanks' stature in the film industry rose.

The broad success of the fantasy comedy Big (1988) established Hanks as a major Hollywood talent, both as a box office draw and within the industry as an actor.555657 For his performance in the film, Hanks earned his first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor.58 Big was followed later that year by Punchline, in which he and Sally Field co-starred as struggling comedians. Hanks then suffered a run of box-office underperformers: The 'Burbs (1989), Joe Versus the Volcano (1990) and The Bonfire of the Vanities (1990).59 In the last, he portrayed a greedy Wall Street figure who gets enmeshed in a hit-and-run accident. Turner & Hooch (1989) was Hanks' only financially successful film of the period.

1990–1999: Leading man and acclaim

Hanks climbed back to the top again with his portrayal of a washed-up baseball legend turned manager in Penny Marshall's A League of Their Own (1992).60 Hanks has said that his acting in earlier roles had not been great, but that he later improved. In an interview with Vanity Fair, Hanks called attention to what he called his "modern era of moviemaking ... because enough self-discovery has gone on ... My work has become less pretentiously fake and over the top". This "modern era" began in 1993 for Hanks, first with Nora Ephron's Sleepless in Seattle and then with Jonathan Demme's Philadelphia.

Sleepless in Seattle is a romantic comedy about a widower who finds true love over the radio airwaves. Hanks co-starred with Meg Ryan.61 Richard Schickel of TIME called his performance "charming", and most critics agreed that Hanks' portrayal ensured him a place among the premier romantic-comedy stars of his generation.62 In Philadelphia, he played a gay lawyer with AIDS who sues his firm for discrimination.63 Hanks lost 35 pounds (16 kg) and thinned his hair in order to appear sickly for the role. In a review for People, Leah Rozen stated, "Above all, credit for Philadelphia's success belongs to Hanks, who makes sure that he plays a character, not a saint. He is flat-out terrific, giving a deeply felt, carefully nuanced performance that deserves an Oscar." Hanks won the 1993 Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in Philadelphia.6465 During his acceptance speech, he revealed that two people with whom he was close, his high school drama teacher Rawley Farnsworth and his former classmate John Gilkerson, were gay.66

Hanks followed Philadelphia with Robert Zemeckis's Forrest Gump (1994), playing the title character, a man with an IQ of 75 who happens to find himself involved with some of the major events in recent American history. It grossed a worldwide total of over $600 million.67 Hanks remarked, "When I read the script for Gump, I saw it as one of those kind of grand, hopeful movies that the audience can go to and feel ... some hope for their lot and their position in life ... I got that from the movies a hundred million times when I was a kid. I still do." Hanks won his second Best Actor Academy Award for his role in Forrest Gump, becoming only the second actor to have accomplished the feat of winning consecutive Best Actor Oscars.68 (Spencer Tracy was the first, winning in 1937 and ‘38 for Captains Courageous and Boys Town. Hanks and Tracy were the same age at the time they received their Academy Awards: 37 years old when they won their first and 38 when they won their second.)6970

Hanks reunited with Ron Howard to play astronaut and commander Jim Lovell in Apollo 13 (1995).71 Critics generally applauded the film and the performances of the entire cast, which included Kevin Bacon, Bill Paxton, Gary Sinise, Ed Harris and Kathleen Quinlan. The movie earned nine Academy Award nominations, winning two. Hanks also starred in Pixar's Toy Story (1995) as the voice of Sheriff Woody.72 Hanks made his directing debut with That Thing You Do! (1996), about a 1960s pop group; he also played the role of a music producer in the film.7374 Hanks and producer Gary Goetzman went on to create Playtone, a record and film production company named after the record company in the film.7576

Hanks then executive produced, co-wrote and co-directed the HBO docudrama From the Earth to the Moon (1998). The 12-part series chronicled the space program from its inception, through the familiar flights of Neil Armstrong and Jim Lovell, to the personal feelings surrounding the reality of Moon landings. The Emmy Award–winning project was, at $68 million (equivalent to $131 million in 2024), one of the most expensive ventures undertaken for television.7778

For Saving Private Ryan (1998), he worked with Steven Spielberg to make a film about a search through war-torn France after D-Day to bring home a soldier.79 It earned the praise and respect of the film community, critics and the general public.80 Hailed as one of the finest war films ever made, it earned Spielberg his second Academy Award for direction, and Hanks another Best Actor nomination.81 Later that year, Hanks re-teamed with Ephron and Ryan for You've Got Mail, a remake of Ernst Lubitsch's The Shop Around the Corner (1940).82 He starred in Frank Darabont's The Green Mile (1999), based on the novel of the same name by Stephen King.83 He reprised the role of Woody in Toy Story 2 (1999).

2000–2009: Established star and expansion

Hanks reunited with Zemeckis for Cast Away (2000), playing a marooned FedEx systems analyst. Roger Ebert of The Chicago Sun-Times wrote: "Hanks proves here again what an effective actor he is, never straining for an effect, always persuasive even in this unlikely situation, winning our sympathy with his eyes and his body language when there's no one else on the screen."84 Hanks co-directed and produced the Emmy Award-winning HBO miniseries Band of Brothers (2001).85 He also appeared in the September 11 television special America: A Tribute to Heroes and the documentary Rescued From the Closet.86 In 2002, he teamed up with Sam Mendes for Road to Perdition, an adaptation of the adaptation of Max Allan Collins's and Richard Piers Rayner's comics, in which he played an anti-hero role as a hitman on the run with his son. Hanks reunited with Spielberg, starring opposite Leonardo DiCaprio in Catch Me If You Can (2002), based on the true story of conman Frank Abagnale, Jr. Hanks and his wife Rita Wilson produced My Big Fat Greek Wedding (2002).8788 In August 2007, Hanks, along with co-producers Wilson and Gary Goetzman and writer and star Nia Vardalos, initiated a legal action against the production company Gold Circle Films for their share of profits from the movie.899091 At the age of 45, Hanks became the youngest-ever recipient of the American Film Institute's Life Achievement Award on June 12, 2002.9293

In 2004, he appeared in three films: The Coen brothers' The Ladykillers, Spielberg's The Terminal and Zemeckis' The Polar Express, a family film for which Hanks played multiple motion capture roles. In a USA Weekend interview, Hanks discussed how he chooses projects: "[Since] A League of Their Own, it can't be just another movie for me. It has to get me going somehow ... There has to be some all-encompassing desire or feeling about wanting to do that particular movie. I'd like to assume that I'm willing to go down any avenue in order to do it right". In August 2005, Hanks was voted in as vice president of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.94 Hanks next starred in The Da Vinci Code (2006), which grossed over US$750 million worldwide.95 In 2006, Hanks topped a 1,500-strong list of "most trusted celebrities" compiled by Forbes magazine.96 He produced the animated children's movie The Ant Bully and Starter for Ten, a comedy about working-class students attempting to win on University Challenge.97

Hanks did voice work for Ken Burns's documentary The War (2007), reading excerpts from World War II-era columns by Al McIntosh. Hanks voiced himself in The Simpsons Movie (2007), in which he appeared in an announcement claiming that the U.S. government has lost its credibility and is hence buying some of his. He also made an appearance in the credits, expressing a desire to be left alone when he is out in public. He starred in Mike Nichols's Charlie Wilson's War (2007) as Democratic Texas Congressman Charles Wilson. In the comedy-drama film The Great Buck Howard (2008), Hanks played the on-screen father of a young man (played by Hanks' real-life son Colin) who chooses to work as road manager for a fading mentalist (John Malkovich). His character was less than thrilled about his son's career decision.98 In the same year, he executive produced the musical comedy Mamma Mia! and the miniseries John Adams.99100

Hanks' next endeavor was Angels & Demons (2009). Its April 11, 2007, announcement revealed that Hanks would reprise his role as Robert Langdon, and that he would reportedly receive the highest salary ever for an actor.101102 The following day he made his 10th appearance on NBC's Saturday Night Live, impersonating himself for the Celebrity Jeopardy sketch. Hanks produced Spike Jonze's Where The Wild Things Are (2009), based on the children's book by Maurice Sendak.103

2010–2019: Broadway debut and other roles

Hanks reprised his role of Woody in Toy Story 3 (2010) after he, Tim Allen and John Ratzenberger were invited to a movie theater to see a complete story reel of the movie.104 The film went on to become the highest-grossing animated film at the time.105106107 He executive produced the miniseries The Pacific (2010).108 In 2011, he directed and starred opposite Julia Roberts in the title role in the romantic comedy Larry Crowne.109 The movie received poor reviews, with only 35% of the 175 Rotten Tomatoes reviews giving it high ratings.110 Also in 2011, he starred in the drama Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close.111 In 2012, he voiced the character Cleveland Carr for a web series he created, Electric City.112 He played multiple parts in Cloud Atlas (2012), based on the novel of the same name by David Mitchell, and was executive producer of the miniseries Game Change.113

In 2013, Hanks starred in two critically acclaimed films—Paul Greengrass's Captain Phillips and John Lee Hancock's Saving Mr. Banks—which earned him praise, including nominations for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role and the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama for the former role.114115 In Captain Phillips, he starred as Captain Richard Phillips with Barkhad Abdi, which was based on the Maersk Alabama hijacking.116 In Saving Mr. Banks, co-starring Emma Thompson, he was the first actor to portray Walt Disney in a mainstream film.117 That same year, Hanks made his Broadway debut, starring in Nora Ephron's Lucky Guy, for which he was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play.118

In 2014, Hanks' short story "Alan Bean Plus Four" was published in The New Yorker.119 Revolving around four friends who make a voyage to the moon, the short story is titled after the Apollo 12 astronaut Alan Bean. Slate magazine's Katy Waldman found his first published short story "mediocre", writing that "Hanks' shopworn ideas about technology might have yet sung if they hadn't been wrapped in too-clever lit mag-ese".120 In an interview with The New Yorker, Hanks said he has always been fascinated by space. He told the magazine that he built plastic models of rockets when he was a child and watched live broadcasts of space missions back in the 1960s.121

In March 2015, Hanks appeared in the music video for Carly Rae Jepsen's "I Really Like You", lip-syncing most of the song's lyrics as he goes through his daily routine.122 His next film was Steven Spielberg's Bridge of Spies (2015), in which he played lawyer James B. Donovan, who negotiated for the release of pilot Francis Gary Powers by the Soviet Union in exchange for KGB spy Rudolf Abel.123 In April 2016, Hanks starred as Alan Clay in the comedy-drama A Hologram for the King, an adaptation of the 2012 novel of the same name.124 It is the second time he was directed by Tom Tykwer after Cloud Atlas.125

Hanks starred as airline captain Chesley Sullenberger in Clint Eastwood's Sully (2016).126 He next reprised his role as Robert Langdon in Inferno (2016),127 and co-starred alongside Emma Watson in the 2017 science fiction drama The Circle.128 He voiced David S. Pumpkins in The David S. Pumpkins Halloween Special, which aired October 28, 2017, on NBC, a character he had portrayed in episodes of Saturday Night Live.129

Hanks reprised his role as Sheriff Woody in Pixar's Toy Story 4 (2019).130131 Hanks portrayed Fred Rogers in Marielle Heller's biographical film A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood (2019), for which he was nominated for his first Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.132

2020–present

On April 11, 2020, Hanks made his first television appearance since his COVID-19 diagnosis by hosting Saturday Night Live.133 Hanks delivered an opening monolog via his house but did not appear in any of the sketches. This is the first episode of SNL to debut after the show's hiatus due to the COVID-19 pandemic; it features different sketches filmed remotely from the cast members' homes. This is also a first in SNL history, for the show to be made up entirely of prerecorded content before airing, and the second to not be filmed at Studio 8H.

Hanks had two films released in 2020. Hanks starred in Greyhound, a war film which he also wrote the screenplay for.134135 Initially set to be theatrically released in June 2020 by Sony Pictures, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, distribution rights to the film were bought by Apple TV+, where it was released in July 2020.136 He reunited with Paul Greengrass for the Western News of the World.137138 David Rooney of The Hollywood Reporter praised Hanks' performance: "Hanks has built a career out of playing thoroughly decent men, so his casting here is entirely to type. But the soulfulness and sorrow, the innate compassion that ripple through his characterization make this an enormously pleasurable performance to watch, with new depths of both kindness and regret that keep revealing themselves."139

In 2021, Hanks starred in the science fiction drama Finch, directed by Miguel Sapochnik,140141142 and released by Apple TV+.143 On March 2, 2022, Connor Ratliff appeared as a guest on Late Night With Seth Meyers,144 where he revealed that Hanks would at last be interviewed for the season three finale of Ratliff's podcast Dead Eyes. The conversation between Hanks and Ratliff took place 22 years after Ratliff was about to begin filming an episode of Band of Brothers, when he was subsequently fired, allegedly because Hanks believed Ratliff had "dead eyes". The 90 minute interview was hailed as a momentous achievement in podcasting, a "rare show that gives you a perfect conclusion",145 "surprisingly funny and empathetic",146 and an event Paul Scheer called "thrilling".147

Hanks had three films released in 2022. He first starred as Tom Parker, the manager of Elvis Presley, in Baz Luhrmann's Elvis.148 Shooting commenced in the beginning of 2020 in Queensland, Australia,149 and the film was released in June 2022.150 Hanks next film was portraying Geppetto in Walt Disney Studios' live-action adaptation of Pinocchio.151 His involvement in the film, which was directed by his longtime collaborator Zemeckis, was officially confirmed in December 2020,152 and released on September 8, 2022, by Disney+.153 Hanks' final film of the year was A Man Called Otto, an English-language remake of the Swedish film A Man Called Ove.154 In 2023, Hanks appeared in Wes Anderson's Asteroid City, starring alongside Jason Schwartzman, Scarlett Johansson, Adrien Brody, Jeffrey Wright and Bryan Cranston.155 The film premiered at the 2023 Cannes Film Festival to mixed reviews,156 and was released in June 2023.

HBO confirmed in January 2013 that it was developing a third World War II miniseries based on the book Masters of the Air by Donald L. Miller with Hanks and Spielberg, to follow Band of Brothers and The Pacific.157 NME reported in March 2017 that production was progressing under the working title The Mighty Eighth.158 On October 11, 2019, it was announced that the series would keep the title from the book and that the miniseries would stream on Apple TV+ due to budget constraints at HBO. Masters of the Air was expected to cost $200 million with a duration of at least eight hours.159 The series premiered on January 26, 2024. In October 2024, a feature adaptation of Richard McGuire's graphic novel Here was released reuniting Hanks with Forrest Gump co-star Robin Wright and director Robert Zemeckis.160 Hanks attended the Saturday Night Live 50th Anniversary Special where he acted in the Black Jeopardy sketch reprising his role as Doug.161

Hanks is attached to star in an adaptation of the 2011 non fiction book In the Garden of Beasts from director Joe Wright about American diplomat William Dodd's time in Nazi Germany.162163 It was announced that Hanks would return to the stage as an performer and playwright in This World of Tomorrow, an adaptation of short stories written by Hanks, at The Shed in New York City.164

Filmography

Main article: List of Tom Hanks performances and credits

As an actor

YearTitleRole(s)NotesRef.
1980He Knows You're AloneElliot165
1984SplashAllen Bauer166
Bachelor PartyRick Gassko167
1985The Man with One Red ShoeRichard Harlan Drew168
VolunteersLawrence Whatley Bourne III169
1986The Money PitWalter Fielding, Jr.170
Nothing in CommonDavid Basner171
Every Time We Say GoodbyeDavid Bradley172
1987DragnetDetective Pep Streebek173
1988BigJosh Baskin174
PunchlineSteven Gold175
1989The 'BurbsRay Peterson176
Turner & HoochDetective Scott Turner177
1990Joe Versus the VolcanoJoe Banks178
The Bonfire of the VanitiesSherman McCoy179
1992Radio FlyerOlder Mike / Narrator180
A League of Their OwnJimmy Dugan181
1993Sleepless in SeattleSam Baldwin182
PhiladelphiaAndrew Beckett183
1994Forrest GumpForrest Gump184
1995Apollo 13Jim Lovell185
Toy StorySheriff WoodyVoice role186
1996That Thing You Do!Mr. WhiteAlso director and screenwriter187
1998Saving Private RyanCaptain John H. Miller188
You've Got MailJoe Fox189
1999Toy Story 2Sheriff WoodyVoice role190
The Green MilePaul Edgecomb191
2000Cast AwayChuck Noland192
2002Road to PerditionMichael Sullivan, Sr.193
Catch Me If You CanFBI Agent Carl Hanratty194
2004The LadykillersProfessor G.H. Dorr195
The TerminalViktor Navorski196
The Polar ExpressThe Conductor/Adult Hero Boy/Father/Scrooge/Santa Claus/HoboVoice and motion capture197
2006The Da Vinci CodeProfessor Robert Langdon198
2007Charlie Wilson's WarCharlie Wilson199
2009The Great Buck HowardMr. Gable200
Angels & DemonsProfessor Robert Langdon201
2010Toy Story 3Sheriff WoodyVoice role202
2011Larry CrowneLarry CrowneAlso director and screenwriter203
Extremely Loud & Incredibly CloseThomas Schell Jr.204
2012Cloud AtlasDr. Henry Goose/Hotel Manager/Isaac Sachs/Dermot Hoggins/Cavendish Look-A-Like Actor/Zachry205
2013Captain PhillipsCaptain Richard Phillips206
Saving Mr. BanksWalt Disney207
2015Bridge of SpiesJames B. Donovan208
2016A Hologram for the KingAlan Clay209
SullyCaptain Chesley "Sully" Sullenberger210
InfernoProfessor Robert Langdon211
2017The CircleEamon Bailey212
The PostBen Bradlee213
2019Toy Story 4Sheriff WoodyVoice role214
A Beautiful Day in the NeighborhoodFred Rogers215
2020GreyhoundCommander Ernest KrauseAlso screenwriter216
News of the WorldCaptain Jefferson Kyle Kidd217
2021FinchFinch Weinberg218
2022ElvisColonel Tom Parker219
PinocchioGeppetto220
A Man Called OttoOtto Anderson221
2023Asteroid CityStanley Zak222
2024Freaky TalesVideo Store EmployeeCameo223
HereRichard Young224
2025The Phoenician SchemeLeland225
2026Toy Story 5 †Sheriff WoodyVoice role226

Awards and honors

Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Tom Hanks

In Hanks' career as an actor and producer, he has received many award nominations. Hanks has received six Academy Award nominations including two consecutive wins for Best Actor for Philadelphia and Forrest Gump in 1993 and 1994 respectively. Hanks also received a Tony Award nomination for Best Actor in a Play for his performance in Nora Ephron's play Lucky Guy in 2013. Hanks has also received 12 Primetime Emmy Award nominations for his work on television which includes 7 wins for his work as a producer on various limited series and television films including From the Earth to the Moon (1998), Band of Brothers (2002), John Adams (2008), The Pacific (2010), Game Change (2012), and Olive Kitteridge (2015).

Honors

Reputation and legacy

Hanks is often compared to James Stewart,231 and has also frequently been referred to as "America's Dad".232 In 2013, when he was starring in Nora Ephron's Lucky Guy on Broadway, he had crowds of 300 fans waiting for a glimpse of him after every performance. This is the highest number of expectant fans post-show of any Broadway performance.233

Hanks is ranked as the fifth-highest all-time box office star in North America, with a total gross of over $4.9 billion at the North American box office, an average of $100.8 million per film.234 Worldwide, his films have grossed over $9.96 billion.235 Asteroid 12818 Tomhanks is named after him.236

In 2003, Hanks was voted Number 3 in Channel 4's countdown of the 100 Greatest Movie Stars of All Time,237 and he is number 22 on VH1's list of the "200 Greatest Pop Culture Icons of All Time".238 He was included on Forbes' list of the top ten most powerful celebrities in the world, in 2000, 2002, and 2003.239 Hanks was the guest on BBC Radio 4's Desert Island Discs on May 8, 2016. In the process in the final minutes of the program, in which the guest chooses his/her favorite of the eight discs (pieces of music) just played, a book, and a luxury item, he chose Richard Strauss' Also sprach Zarathustra by the Vienna Philharmonic, A World Lit Only by Fire by William Manchester, and a Hermes 3000 typewriter and paper, respectively.240241

Hanks was interviewed five times on WHYY-FM by Terry Gross on the radio show Fresh Air in Philadelphia. Topics included two segments on his lead role in Captain Phillips, a movie about the real life story of a ship's captain hijacked by Somali pirates. Two interviews are about the 12 part miniseries From Earth to the Moon, for which Hanks was executive producer and which was nominated for 17 Emmy Awards. The last interview segment comprises anecdotes shared by Hanks about his acting career.242

Roger Ebert wrote "of actors who are not 'bigger than life,' but somehow just like life—people who we feel we know and understand, and are comfortable with. We sense that these actors embody not our fantasies, but our lives. Watching them we feel congratulated, because we are watching ourselves. They reassure us that in our ordinariness we also have a kind of importance. The actors who can do that—Buster Keaton, Spencer Tracy, James Stewart, Henry Fonda, Robert Duvall, Gene Hackman, and Tom Hanks, occupy a special category... The central triumph of Tom Hanks as a movie actor is that, most of the time, we believe he thinks a lot like us, and does more or less what we would do, but that he somehow does it on a larger or more ennobling scale. It is the James Stewart quality. But few actors can obtain it; with most, you see their egos peeking through, or you catch them trying too hard. The camera is a lie detector, and Hanks must be a fundamentally good person to play such roles—either that, or he is an even better actor than we think."243

Personal life

Marriage and family

Hanks married American actress Samantha Lewes (1952–2002) in 1978. They had one son, actor Colin (b. 1977),244 and one daughter, Elizabeth (b. 1982).245 Hanks and Lewes divorced in 1987.246247 Lewes died in 2002 at the age of 49 from bone cancer.248

In 1981, Hanks met actress Rita Wilson on the set of the TV comedy Bosom Buddies (1980–1982). They were reunited in 1985 on the set of Volunteers.249 Wilson is of Greek and Bulgarian descent and a member of the Greek Orthodox Church. Before marrying her, Hanks converted to her faith.250251 He actively attends church and has commented, "I must say that when I go to church—and I do go to church—I ponder the mystery. I meditate on the 'why?' of 'why people are as they are' and 'why bad things happen to good people,' and 'why good things happen to bad people' ... The mystery is what I think is, almost, the grand unifying theory of all mankind."252 Hanks and Wilson married in 1988 and have two sons.253 Their older son, Chet, released a rap song in 2011 and had recurring roles in Empire and Shameless.254255 Their younger son, Truman, was born in 1995, and portrayed the younger version of his father's character in A Man Called Otto (2022).256 Hanks lives with his family in Los Angeles, California,257 and Ketchum, Idaho.258

In October 2013, on Late Show with David Letterman, Hanks said he has type 2 diabetes. The CBS News medical contributor said significant weight fluctuations for various film roles such as A League of Their Own and Cast Away might have contributed to the diagnosis.259 In a 2018 interview, Hanks further attributed his condition to a combination of genetics and lifestyle choices. He has since made lifestyle changes to manage his condition, such as maintaining a healthier diet and avoiding film roles that require drastic weight changes.260

Despite being a fan of the Oakland Athletics and the Raiders when they were based in Oakland, Hanks stated in April 2017 he would boycott the NFL for two years after the Raiders filed for relocation to Las Vegas.261 Since 1984, Hanks has been a fan of the English Premier League club Aston Villa.262

In November 2019, shortly before the release of A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood, a drama film in which Hanks portrays Fred Rogers, he learned through Ancestry.com that he and Rogers were sixth cousins, both descendants of Johannes Meffert (1732–1795), who was born in Schöneck, Hesse, Germany (then part of the Holy Roman Empire) and emigrated to the United States in the 18th century, settling in Kentucky and changing his last name to Mefford.263 Hanks is also a relative of the 16th US president, Abraham Lincoln. Hanks narrated the 2011 television program Killing Lincoln.264

On December 27, 2019, the President of Greece, Prokopis Pavlopoulos, signed an honorary naturalization order for Hanks and his family, citing their "exceptional services to Greece", thus making him and his immediate family Greek citizens.265266267 Hanks, along with Wilson and their children, were conferred honorary citizenship for their role in bringing global attention and appealing for aid after a devastating wildfire that ripped through the seaside village of Mati, near Athens, in July 2018, which killed more than 100 people.268269 Greece's Interior Minister Takis Theodorikakos said Hanks "showed real interest in the people who suffered from the fire in Mati and promoted this issue in the global media".270 In July 2020, Hanks and Wilson were photographed with their Greek passports alongside the Prime Minister of Greece, Kyriakos Mitsotakis and his wife.271272

Political views and activism

Hanks has donated to many Democratic politicians, and during the 2008 United States presidential election uploaded a video to his MySpace account endorsing Barack Obama.273 He also narrated a 2012 documentary, The Road We've Traveled, created by Obama for America.274 In 2016, Hanks endorsed former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in the 2016 presidential election.275

Hanks was outspoken about his opposition to the 2008 Proposition 8, an amendment to the California constitution that defined marriage as a union only between a man and a woman. Hanks and others raised over US$44 million to campaign against the proposition.276 While premiering a TV series in January 2009, Hanks called supporters of Proposition 8 "un-American" and criticized LDS Church members, who were major proponents of the bill, for their views on marriage and role in supporting the bill.277278 About a week later, he apologized for the remark, saying that nothing is more American than voting one's conscience.279

A proponent of environmentalism, Hanks is an investor in electric vehicles and owns a Toyota RAV4 EV and the first production AC Propulsion eBox. He was a lessee of an EV1 before it was recalled, as chronicled in the documentary Who Killed the Electric Car?280 He was on the waiting list for an Aptera 2 Series.281 Hanks serves as campaign chair of the Hidden Heroes Campaign of the Elizabeth Dole Foundation. The stated mission of the campaign is to inspire a national movement to more effectively support the military and veteran caregivers.282283

In 2004, while touring the White House, Hanks learned that the press corps did not have a coffee pot, and shortly thereafter, he donated an espresso machine. He again donated new machines in 2010 and 2017. His 2017 donation was accompanied by a note that read, "To the White House Press Corps, Keep up the good fight for Truth, Justice, and the American Way. Especially for the truth part."284285 He endorsed former Vice President Joe Biden in the 2020 presidential election.286

Ventures and interests

A supporter of NASA's crewed space program, Hanks said he originally wanted to be an astronaut. Hanks is a member of the National Space Society, serving on the Board of governors of the nonprofit educational space advocacy organization founded by Wernher von Braun.287 He also produced the HBO miniseries From the Earth to the Moon about the Apollo program to send astronauts to the Moon. In addition, Hanks co-wrote and co-produced Magnificent Desolation: Walking on the Moon 3D, an IMAX film about the Moon landings.288 Hanks provided the voice-over for the premiere of the show Passport to the Universe at the Rose Center for Earth and Space in the Hayden Planetarium at the American Museum of Natural History in New York.289

In 2006, the Space Foundation awarded Hanks the Douglas S. Morrow Public Outreach Award,290 given annually to an individual or organization that has made significant contributions to public awareness of space programs.291

In June 2006, Hanks was inducted as an honorary member of the United States Army Rangers Hall of Fame for his accurate portrayal of a captain in the movie Saving Private Ryan; Hanks, who was unable to attend the induction ceremony, was the first actor to receive such an honor. In addition to his role in Saving Private Ryan, Hanks was cited for serving as the national spokesperson for the World War II Memorial Campaign, for being the honorary chairperson of the D-Day Museum Capital Campaign, and for his role in writing and helping to produce the Emmy Award-winning miniseries, Band of Brothers.292 On March 10, 2008, Hanks was on hand at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame to induct The Dave Clark Five.293

Hanks is a collector of manual typewriters and uses them almost daily.294295 In August 2014, Hanks released Hanx Writer, an iOS app meant to emulate the experience of using a typewriter; within days the free app reached number one on the App Store.296297 After contracting and recovering from a COVID-19 infection early in the pandemic, Hanks and his wife donated their blood antibodies for virus research.298 Hanks is an ordained minister, and on March 24, 2022, CBS News reported that he had recently officiated a wedding in Pittsburgh.299 In 2023, Hanks founded Hanx for the Troops, a coffee company that supports veterans and military families through a portion of its profits and various initiatives.300

Bibliography

Hanks wrote a collection of short stories, Uncommon Type, inspired by his typewriter collection, which was published in 2017.301302 The Making of Another Major Motion Picture Masterpiece, his debut novel, was published in May 2023.303

See also

  • Biography portal
  • Film portal

Further reading

  • Gardner, David (1999). Tom Hanks: The Unauthorized Biography. London: Blake Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85782-327-1.
  • Gardner, David (2007). Tom Hanks Enigma: The Biography of the World's Most Intriguing Movie Star. London: John Blake. ISBN 978-1-84454-428-8.
  • Pfeiffer, Lee (1996). The Films of Tom Hanks. Secaucus, New Jersey: Carol Pub. Group. ISBN 978-0-8065-1717-9.
  • Salamon, Julie (1991). The Devil's Candy: The Bonfire of the Vanities Goes to Hollywood. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 9781666115437.
  • Trakin, Roy (1995). Tom Hanks: Journey to Stardom. New York: St. Martin's. ISBN 978-0-312-95596-0.
  • Wallner, Rosemary (1994). Tom Hanks: Academy Award-Winning Actor. Edina, Minnesota: Abdo & Daughters. ISBN 1562393383.

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