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Unit load device
Pallet or container used to load luggage, freight, and mail on aircraft

A unit load device (ULD) is a container used to load luggage, freight, and mail on wide-body aircraft and specific narrow-body aircraft. It allows preloading of cargo, provided the containerised load fits in the aircraft, enabling efficient planning of aircraft weight and balance and reduced labour and time in loading aircraft holds compared with 'bulk-loading' single items of cargo or luggage by hand. Each ULD has its own packing list or manifest so that its contents can be tracked. A loaded aircraft cargo pallet secured with a cargo net also forms a ULD, but its load must be gauged for size in addition to being weighed to ensure aircraft door and hold clearances.

The IATA publishes ULD regulations and notes there are 900,000 in service worth more than US$1 billion, averaging $1100 each.

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Types

ULDs come in two forms: pallets and containers. ULD pallets are rugged sheets of aluminium with rims designed to lock onto cargo net lugs. ULD containers, also known as cans and pods, are closed containers often made of aluminium or a combination of aluminium (frame) and Lexan (walls) but there are examples of containers made of GRP with an insulating foam core. Depending on the nature of the goods to be transported, ULDs may have built-in refrigeration units. Examples of common ULDs and their specifics are listed below.

Lower hold containers2 volume in cu.ft (m3), dimensions in inches (cm)
TypeInternalvolumeHeightDepthWidthContourIATASuitability
BaseOverallNominal
LD3-453131 (3.7)45 (114.3)60.4 (153.4)61.5 (156.2)96 (243.8)FullDoubleAKHAirbus A319/Airbus A320/Airbus A321
LD2124 (3.5)64 (162.6)47 (119.4)61.5 (156.2)HalfSingleAPEBoeing widebodies
LD3159 (4.5)61.5 (156.2)79 (200.7)AKEAirbus and Boeing widebodies, DC-10/MD-11, L-1011
LD1175 (5.0)92 (233.7)AKCBoeing widebodies, MD-11
LD4195 (5.5)96 (243.8)96 (243.8)FullNoneAQPBoeing 767/777/787
LD8 (2×LD2)245 (6.9)125 (317.5)DoubleAQFBoeing 767/787
LD11256 (7.2)125 (317.5)NoneALPBoeing 747, 777, 787, DC-10/MD-11
PLA pallet4250 (7.1)PLA747, 777, 787
LD6 (2×LD3)316 (8.9)160 (406.4)DoubleALF747/777/787, DC-10/MD-11
LD26 (P1P base)470 (13.3)88 (223.5)AAFAirbus A330, A340, A350, and Boeing 747/777/787, DC-10/MD-11
LD7 winged pallet5495 (14.0)P1P747, 777, 787, DC-10/MD-11
LD7/P1P pallet6379 (10.7)125 (317.5)NoneP1PAll widebodies
LD9 (P1P base)381 (10.8)AAPBoeing widebodies, DC-10/MD-11
LD29 (P1P base)510 (14.4)186 (472.4)DoubleAAU747
LD39 (P6P base)560 (15.9)96 (243.8)AMU747
P6P pallet7407 (11.5)8125 (317.5)NoneP6P747, 767, 777, 787, DC-10, MD-11
Notes

Aircraft compatibility

LD3s, LD6s, and LD11s will fit 787s, 777s, 747s, MD-11s, Il-86s, Il-96s, L-1011s and all Airbus wide-bodies. The 767 uses the smaller LD2s and LD8s because of its narrower fuselage. The less common LD1 is designed specifically for the 747, but LD3s are more commonly used in its place because of ubiquity (they have the same floor dimensions such that one LD3 takes the place of one LD1). LD3s with reduced height (1.14 metres (45 in) instead of 1.63 metres (64 in)) can also be loaded on the Airbus A320 family. LD7 pallets will fit 787s, 777s, 747s, late model 767s (with larger doors), and Airbus wide-bodies.

Interchangeability of certain ULDs between LD3/6/11 aircraft and LD2/8 aircraft is possible when cargo needs to be quickly transferred to a connecting flight. Both LD2s and LD8s can be loaded in LD3/6/11 aircraft, but at the cost of using internal volume inefficiently (33 ft3 wasted per LD2). Only the LD3 of the LD3/6/11 family of ULDs can be loaded in a 767; it will occupy an entire row where two LD2s or one LD8 would otherwise have fit (90 ft3 wasted per LD3). Policies vary from airline to airline as to whether such transfers are allowed.

The 787, intended to replace the 767, was designed to use the LD3/6/11 family of ULDs to solve the wasted volume issue.9

ULD capacity

Widebodies
ModelLower deckMain deck
Containers88×125″96×125″96×125″88×125″88x108″
Airbus A300-6001022 LD34 + 10 LD34 + 10 LD3202111
Airbus A3101215 LD33 + 7 LD33 + 7 LD3151613
Airbus A330-2/8001426 LD388222326
Airbus A330-3/9001532 LD31110262616
Airbus A340-2001726 LD399
Airbus A340-3001832 LD31110
Airbus A340-5001930 LD31010
Airbus A340-6002042 LD31414
Airbus A350-9002136 LD31111
Airbus A350F2240 LD31230
Airbus A350-10002344 LD31414
Airbus A380-8002438 LD31313
Boeing 747 classic2530 LD1282836
Boeing 747SP2620 LD1
Boeing 747-4002732 LD1 9 + 4 LD19 + 2 LD13030
Boeing 747-8/8F2840 LD112 + 2 LD134
Boeing 767-2002922 LD2 3 + 10 LD23 + 10 LD2
Boeing 767-3003030 LD2 4 + 14 LD24 + 14 LD2141626
Boeing 767-4003138 LD25 + 16 LD2
Boeing 777-2003232 LD310 + 2 LD31027
Boeing 777-3003344 LD314 + 2LD3143334
Boeing 777-8F3540 LD3361331
Boeing 777-93748 LD31614 + 4 LD3
Boeing 787-83828 LD398 + 2 LD3
Boeing 787-93936 LD31111
Boeing 787-104040 LD31313
Douglas DC-104126 LD35 + 8 LD32230
McDonnell Douglas MD-114232 LD36 + 14 LD3262634
Lockheed L-10114319 LD34 + 7 LD3
Ilyushin Il-86/Il-96-3004416 LD3
Ilyushin Il-96M/T4532 LD3
Narrowbodies
ModelContainers96×125″88×125″88x108″
Airbus A319464 LD3-45
Airbus A320477 LD3-451148
Airbus A3214910 LD3-451450
Boeing 707-320C51no lower ULD1313
Boeing 727-100C52no lower ULD5388
Boeing 737-200C54no lower ULD77
Boeing 737-300SF55no lower ULD9
Boeing 737-400SF56no lower ULD10 ½
Boeing 737-700C57no lower ULD88
Boeing 737-800SF58no lower ULD11 ½
Boeing 757-200F59no lower ULD15
Comac C919607 LD3-4661
Douglas DC-8-55F62no lower ULD13
Douglas DC-8-62/72F63no lower ULD14
Douglas DC-8-61/63/71/73F64no lower ULD18
Douglas DC-9-15F65no lower ULD6
Douglas DC-9-32F66no lower ULD8
McDonnell Douglas MD-80SF67no lower ULD8812

Aircraft loads can consist of containers, pallets, or a mix of ULD types, depending on requirements. In some aircraft the two types must be mixed as some compartments take only specific ULDs.

Container capacity of an aircraft is measured in positions. Each half-width container (LD1/LD2/LD3) in the aircraft it was designed for occupies one position. Typically, each row in a cargo compartment consists of two positions. Therefore, a full-width container (LD6/LD8/LD11) will take two positions. An LD6 or an LD11 can occupy the space of two LD3s. An LD8 takes the space of two LD2s.

Aircraft pallet capacity is measured by how many PMC-type LD7s 96 by 125 in (240 by 320 cm) can be stored. These pallets occupy approximately three LD3 positions (two positions of one row and half of the two positions of the following row) or four LD2 positions. PMCs can only be loaded in cargo compartments with large doors designed to accept them (small door compartments are container-only).

Regional airliners
ModelLD346×66”88×54”88×62”88×108”96×125”
Fokker 1006811
CRJ200698
BAe 146-20070964
ATR 7271795
ATR 4272563
Dash 8-300739
Xian MA6007455
Short 360755
Cessna SkyCourier763

Identification

All ULDs are identified by their ULD number. A three-letter prefix identifies its type and key characteristics,77 followed by a 4 or 5 digit serial number (4 if prior to October 1, 1993; either 4 or 5 if after October 1, 1993) to uniquely identify it from others of the same type, and ending with a two character (alpha-numerical) suffix identifying the ULD's owner (if an airline, often the same as IATA designator codes). For example, AKN 12345 DL means that the ULD is a forkliftable LD3 with the unique number 12345 and its owner is Delta Air Lines.78

IATA ULD prefix7980
Type81Base size82 (depth × base width)Contour/restraint83 (overall width × height)
  • A Certified Aircraft Container
  • B Certified Winged Aircraft Pallet84
  • C Non-Aircraft Container85
  • D Non-Certified Aircraft Container
  • E Non-Certified Main Deck Aircraft Container86
  • F Non-Certified Aircraft Pallet
  • G Non-Certified Aircraft Pallet Net
  • H Certified Horse Stalls
  • J Thermal Non-Structural Igloo
  • K Certified Cattle Stalls
  • L Certified Multi-Contour Aircraft Container
  • M Thermal Non-Certified Aircraft Container
  • N Certified Aircraft Pallet Net
  • P Certified Aircraft Pallet
  • Q Certified Hardened Aircraft Container
  • R Thermal Certified Aircraft Container
  • S Certified Multi-Modal Air/Surface Container87
  • U Non-Structural Container (Igloo)88
  • V Automobile Transport Equipment
  • W Certified ULD for Aircraft Engine Transport
  • X Reserved for airline internal use
  • Y Reserved for airline internal use
  • Z Reserved for airline internal use
  • A 2,235 mm × 3,175 mm (88 in × 125 in)
  • B 2,235 mm × 2,743 mm (88 in × 108 in)
  • E 1,346 mm × 2,235 mm (53 in × 88 in)89
  • F 2,438 mm × 2,991 mm (96 in × 117+3⁄4 in)90
  • G 2,438 mm × 6,058 mm (96 in × 238+1⁄2 in)
  • H 2,438 mm × 9,125 mm (96 in × 359+1⁄4 in)91
  • J 2,438 mm × 12,192 mm (96 in × 480 in)92
  • K 1,534 mm × 1,562 mm (60.4 in × 61.5 in)
  • L 1,534 mm × 3,175 mm (60.4 in × 125 in)
  • M 2,438 mm × 3,175 mm (96 in × 125 in)
  • N 1,562 mm × 2,438 mm (61.5 in × 96 in)
  • P 1,194 mm × 1,534 mm (47 in × 60.4 in)
  • Q 1,534 mm × 2,438 mm (60.4 in × 96 in)
  • R 2,438 mm × 4,978 mm (96 in × 196 in)
  • S 1,562 mm × 2,235 mm (61.5 in × 88 in)
  • X Miscellaneous sizes, largest dimension between 2,438 and 3,175 mm (96 and 125 in)93
  • Y Miscellaneous sizes, largest dimension 2,438 mm (96 in)94
  • Z Miscellaneous sizes, largest dimension >3,175 mm (125 in)95
  • A Main Deck, 2,438 mm × 2,438 mm (96 in × 96 in)
  • B Main Deck, 2,438 mm × 2,438 mm (96 in × 96 in)
  • C Lower Deck, 2,337 mm × 1,626 mm (92 in × 64 in)
  • D Main Deck, 2,438 mm × 2,997 mm (96 in × 118 in)
  • E Lower Deck, 2,007 mm × 1,626 mm (79 in × 64 in)
  • F Lower Deck, 4,064 mm × 1,626 mm (160 in × 64 in)
  • G Lower Deck, 2,007 mm × 1,143 mm (79 in × 45 in)
  • H Lower Deck, 2,438 mm × 1,143 mm (96 in × 45 in)
  • J Main Deck, 2,438 mm × 2,438 mm (96 in × 96 in)
  • K Main/Lower Deck, 3,175 mm × 1,626 mm (125 in × 64 in)
  • L Main Deck, 2,438 mm × 2,946 mm (96 in × 116 in)
  • M Main Deck, 2,235 mm × 2,286 mm (88 in × 90 in)
  • N Lower Deck, 2,007 mm × 1,626 mm (79 in × 64 in)
  • P Lower Deck, 3,175 mm × 1,626 mm (125 in × 64 in)
  • U Lower Deck, 4,724 mm × 1,626 mm (186 in × 64 in)
  • V Main Deck, 2,438 mm × 2,438 mm (96 in × 96 in)
  • X Main Deck, 2,438 mm × 2,997 mm (96 in × 118 in)
  • Y Main Deck, 3,175 mm × 2,083 mm (125 in × 82 in)
  • Z Main Deck, 3,175 mm × 2,083 mm (125 in × 82 in)
Notes

Common prefixes

  • AAA: LD7 container (88 in × 125 in or 2,235 mm × 3,175 mm), 81 in (2,057 mm) tall, contoured for maindeck narrow-body
  • AAD: LD7 container (88 in × 125 in or 2,235 mm × 3,175 mm), 96 in (2,438 mm) tall, contoured for maindeck wide-body (aka A1)
  • AAF:96 LD26 container
  • AAP:97 LD9
  • AAU:98 LD29 container
  • AAY: LD7 container (88 in × 125 in or 2,235 mm × 3,175 mm), 81 in (2,057 mm) tall, contoured for maindeck wide-body and narrow-body (aka A2)
  • AAZ: LD7 container (88 in × 125 in or 2,235 mm × 3,175 mm), 64 in (1,626 mm) tall, contoured for maindeck wide-body and narrow-body and any belly (aka L9)
  • AGA:99 M2 container
  • AKC:100 LD1 without forklift holes
  • AKE:101 LD3 without forklift holes/half ALF
  • AKH, AKW: LD3-45 mainly for A320/321, 45 in (1,143 mm) tall, same base as AKE, extensions on both sides
  • AKN:102 LD3 with forklift holes
  • ALB:103 LD4 with forklift holes
  • ALD: LD11 container (aka L11)
  • ALF:104 LD6 without forklift holes
  • ALP:105 LD11 without forklift holes
  • ALP:106 LD4 without forklift holes
  • AMA:107 M1 container
  • AMD:108 M1H container
  • AMJ: LD7 container (96 in × 125 in or 2,438 mm × 3,175 mm), 96 in (2,438 mm) tall, contoured for main deck wide-body (aka M1)
  • AMU:109 LD39 container contour similar to ALF, but deeper and bigger extensions. biggest lower-deck container
  • AVY:110 LD1 with forklift holes
  • AWC:111 LD6 with forklift holes
  • AYY:112 Demi, a half-width contoured container typically used for the main deck
  • AYX:113 AYY with fittings to connect a fire extinguisher so as to carry Dangerous Goods
  • DPE:114 LD2 without forklift holes
  • DPN:115 LD2 with forklift holes
  • DQF:116 LD8 with forklift holes
  • FLA:117 LD11 pallet
  • FQA: LD8 pallet (same floor dimensions as DQF)
  • HMA:118 Horse stall
  • KMA:119 Sheep and goat pen
  • P1P:120 LD7, large pallet (88 in × 125 in or 2,235 mm × 3,175 mm), folding wings for overhang
  • PAD:121 LD7, large pallet (88 in × 125 in or 2,235 mm × 3,175 mm), flat
  • PGA:122 M6, large pallet (96 in × 238.5 in or 2,438 mm × 6,058 mm), freighter main deck only
  • PLA:123 LD11 pallet
  • PMC: LD7, large pallet (96 in × 125 in or 2,438 mm × 3,175 mm)
  • QKE: LD3 same as AKE but made of KEVLAR and designed to be bombproof. No forklift holes.
  • RAP:124 LD9 with refrigeration unit
  • RAU:125 LD29 container with refrigeration unit
  • RKN:126 LD3 with refrigeration unit
  • RWB:127 LD11 with refrigeration unit
  • SAA: Full-sized version of the AYY
  • SAX: Full-sized version of the AYX
  • VRA:128 M6, large pallet (96 in × 196 in or 2,438 mm × 4,978 mm), twin car rack
  • XAW:129 LD7, large pallet (88 in × 125 in or 2,235 mm × 3,175 mm), fixed wings for overhang
  • XKC: LD3 without forklift holes/half ALF

Main-deck ULDs

On the main deck of cargo planes are 79 to 108 inches (2,007 to 2,743 mm) tall ULDs with footprints similar to those of 88 inches (2,235 mm) or 96 inches (2,438 mm) wide pallets and 62 inches (1,575 mm) or 125 inches (3,175 mm) long. A 62-inch (1,575 mm) wide × 88-inch (2,235 mm) tall ULD is half the volume of a 125-inch (3,175 mm) × 88 inch pallet. The 20 foot pallet is 238 inches (6,045 mm) long and 96 inches (2,438 mm) wide. What the actual dimensions of contoured upper deck ULDs are is very hard to know, because most manufacturers only profile width, length and height data.

There are several common types of contoured main deck ULDs, that are contoured (curved to fit in the plane's body) to provide as much cargo volume as possible. Initially ULD contouring was simply a triangle removed from one or two corners of the profile of the ULD, such as the common LD3 and LD6. Main deck ULDs use curves for the contoured shape to truly maximize cargo volume. Upper deck ULDs are just like lower deck ULDs that are either the full width of the plane with two corners of the profile removed (lower deck LD6 lower), or that container is cut in half, down the center line of the plane, (lower deck LD3 and upper deck AAX).

Main deck ULDs and pallets are not only taller than lower deck ULDs, they are frequently two or four times longer. They are usually organized like an LD6, using the width of the plane and missing two profile corners, or two very long LD3s, stored in parallel to use the plane's width and each missing one profile corner, but often twice or four times as long from plane's nose to tail.

Many air cargo companies use main deck ULDs that have both features called dual-profile, so that on smaller planes such as the Boeing 727, they are stored widthwise and have two corners contoured, and on the bigger Boeing 767, they can be rotated 90 degrees and shipped in parallel like LD3s, so that only one corner is contoured when being used like an LD3. This greatly simplifies transportation of cargo containers at slight cost of cargo volume.

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Unit load devices.

References

  1. "ULD Regulations". IATA. https://www.iata.org/publications/store/Pages/uld-regulations.aspx ↩

  2. "Pallets and containers" (PDF). Boeing. 2012. https://www.boeing.com/resources/boeingdotcom/company/about_bca/pdf/CargoPalletsContainers.pdf ↩

  3. "AKH (LD3-45)". Nordisk Aviation. http://www.nordisk-aviation.com/en/ld-containers/akh-ld3-45/nordisk-akh-/ ↩

  4. Flat pallet with a cargo net ↩

  5. The LD-7 winged pallet adds folding wings to the P1P flat pallet to allow overhang ↩

  6. Flat pallet with a cargo net ↩

  7. Flat pallet with a cargo net ↩

  8. up to 750 cu ft (21.2 m3) with a 118 in (299.7 cm) height ↩

  9. Vogel, Gib (2013). Flying the Boeing 787. Ramsbury, Marlborough: The Crowood Press Ltd. p. 25. ISBN 978-1-84797-636-9. Retrieved 21 February 2019. [The 787] interior fuselage width of 215in (5.46m) was to be 29in (0.74m) greater than the 186in (4.72m) width of the 767 to accommodate the more commonly available LD-3 size baggage containers in its cargo hold ... 978-1-84797-636-9 ↩

  10. "A300-600 Aircraft Characteristics - Airport and Maintenance Planning" (PDF). Airbus. Dec 2009. https://www.airbus.com/content/dam/corporate-topics/publications/backgrounders/techdata/aircraft_characteristics/Airbus-Commercial-Aircraft-AC-A300-600-Dec-2009.pdf ↩

  11. "A300/A310 P2F" (PDF). Elbe Flugzeugwerke. https://www.elbeflugzeugwerke.com/fileadmin/pdfs/Brochure_EADS-EFW-A300-A310-Conversions.pdf ↩

  12. "A310 Aircraft Characteristics - Airport and Maintenance Planning" (PDF). Airbus. Dec 2009. https://www.airbus.com/content/dam/corporate-topics/publications/backgrounders/techdata/aircraft_characteristics/Airbus-Commercial-Aircraft-AC-A310-Dec-2009.pdf ↩

  13. "A300/A310 P2F" (PDF). Elbe Flugzeugwerke. https://www.elbeflugzeugwerke.com/fileadmin/pdfs/Brochure_EADS-EFW-A300-A310-Conversions.pdf ↩

  14. "A330 Aircraft Characteristics - Airport and Maintenance Planning" (PDF). Airbus. Jul 2018. https://www.airbus.com/content/dam/corporate-topics/publications/backgrounders/techdata/aircraft_characteristics/Airbus-Commercial-Aircraft-AC-A330.pdf ↩

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  16. "A330P2F" (PDF). Elbe Flugzeugwerke. https://www.elbeflugzeugwerke.com/fileadmin/pdfs/Brochure_We_are_Family.pdf ↩

  17. "A340-200/300 Aircraft Characteristics - Airport and Maintenance Planning" (PDF). Airbus. Jul 2018. https://www.airbus.com/content/dam/corporate-topics/publications/backgrounders/techdata/aircraft_characteristics/Airbus-Commercial-Aircraft-AC-A340-200-300.pdf ↩

  18. "A340-200/300 Aircraft Characteristics - Airport and Maintenance Planning" (PDF). Airbus. Jul 2018. https://www.airbus.com/content/dam/corporate-topics/publications/backgrounders/techdata/aircraft_characteristics/Airbus-Commercial-Aircraft-AC-A340-200-300.pdf ↩

  19. "A340-500/600 Aircraft Characteristics - Airport and Maintenance Planning" (PDF). Airbus. Jul 2018. https://www.airbus.com/content/dam/corporate-topics/publications/backgrounders/techdata/aircraft_characteristics/Airbus-Commercial-Aircraft-AC-A340-500_600.pdf ↩

  20. "A340-500/600 Aircraft Characteristics - Airport and Maintenance Planning" (PDF). Airbus. Jul 2018. https://www.airbus.com/content/dam/corporate-topics/publications/backgrounders/techdata/aircraft_characteristics/Airbus-Commercial-Aircraft-AC-A340-500_600.pdf ↩

  21. "A350-900/1000 Aircraft Characteristics - Airport and Maintenance Planning" (PDF). Airbus. Jun 2018. https://www.airbus.com/content/dam/corporate-topics/publications/backgrounders/techdata/aircraft_characteristics/Airbus-Commercial-Aircraft-AC-A350-900-1000.pdf ↩

  22. "A350F Freighter key figures". Airbus. https://aircraft.airbus.com/en/aircraft/freighters/a350-freighter ↩

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  24. "A380 Aircraft Characteristics - Airport and Maintenance Planning" (PDF). Airbus. Dec 2016. https://www.airbus.com/content/dam/corporate-topics/publications/backgrounders/techdata/aircraft_characteristics/Airbus-Commercial-Aircraft-AC-A380-Dec-2016.pdf ↩

  25. "747-100/200/300/SP Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning" (PDF). Boeing. May 2011. https://www.boeing.com/resources/boeingdotcom/commercial/airports/acaps/747_123sp.pdf ↩

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  27. "747-400/-400ER Freighters" (PDF). Boeing. May 2010. http://www.boeing.com/resources/boeingdotcom/company/about_bca/startup/pdf/freighters/747-400f.pdf ↩

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  34. Kingsley-Jones, Max (2019-10-16). "GECAS and IAI launch 777-300ER cargo conversion". Flightglobal. https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/gecas-and-iai-launch-777-300er-cargo-conversion-461491/ ↩

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  47. "A320 Aircraft Characteristics - Airport and Maintenance Planning" (PDF). Airbus. Feb 2018. https://www.airbus.com/content/dam/corporate-topics/publications/backgrounders/techdata/aircraft_characteristics/Airbus-Commercial-Aircraft-AC-A320-Feb18.pdf ↩

  48. "A320/A321 P2F" (PDF). Elbe Flugzeugwerke. https://www.elbeflugzeugwerke.com/fileadmin/pdfs/EFW_A320_A321P2F_six_pager.pdf ↩

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  52. "727 Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning" (PDF). Boeing. May 2011. https://www.boeing.com/resources/boeingdotcom/commercial/airports/acaps/727.pdf ↩

  53. The B727-200 had an option to hold 11 specific 45.5 in–92.4 in × 41.1 in × 43.4 in (1.16 m–2.35 m × 1.04 m × 1.10 m) base-full width × height × depth, 78 cu ft (2.2 m3) underfloor containers. ↩

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  56. "B737-400SF Freighter Conversion" (PDF). Aeronautical Engineers. http://www.aeronautical-engineers.com/media/products/data_sheets/B737-400_11_Pallet_Spec_Sheet.pdf ↩

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  58. "B737-800SF Freighter Conversion" (PDF). Aeronautical Engineers. http://www.aeronautical-engineers.com/media/products/data_sheets/B737-800SF_12_Pallet_Spec_Sheet_1.pdf ↩

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  75. Gerard Frawley. "Short 360". The International Directory of Civil Aircraft. http://www.airliners.net/info/stats.main?id=354 ↩

  76. "SkyCourier". Cessna. http://cessna.txtav.com/en/turboprop/skycourier ↩

  77. "Identifying a Unit Load Device". VRR Aviation. Retrieved 21 February 2019. https://vrr-aviation.com/uld-info/uld-id-code/ ↩

  78. "Guide to Air Freight Containers". World Trade Press. 2000. Archived from the original on 2016-03-25. Retrieved 2016-11-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20160325233301/http://www.fredoniainc.com/glossary/air.html ↩

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  81. Identifies ULD category (certification, ULD type, thermal units).[55] ↩

  82. Identifies standard base dimensions.[55] ↩

  83. Identifies contour (profile dimensions and shape), forklift holes, and other miscellaneous information.[55] For certified pallets (Pxx), this identifies the NAS 3610 classification to which the pallet is certified.[56] ↩

  84. Previously used as "Certified Main Deck Aircraft Container"; this designation is obsolete. ↩

  85. This designation is obsolete. ↩

  86. This designation is obsolete. ↩

  87. Previously used as "Structural Igloo – Solid Door"; this designation is obsolete. ↩

  88. Previously used as "Structural Igloo – Other Closures" (meaning any door other than a solid door); this designation is obsolete. ↩

  89. This designation is obsolete. ↩

  90. This designation is obsolete. ↩

  91. This designation is obsolete. ↩

  92. This designation is obsolete. ↩

  93. This designation is obsolete. ↩

  94. This designation is obsolete. ↩

  95. This designation is obsolete. ↩

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