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Zenith Eazy PC
All-in-one IBM PC compatible computer

The Eazy PC (stylized as eaZy pc) is an all-in-one IBM PC compatible computer manufactured by Zenith Data Systems (ZDS) starting in 1987. This small-form-factor XT-compatible system has some distinctive features, such as using an NEC V40 CPU. The Eazy PC was designed to be a simple, cost-effective computer for the home. This was a departure for ZDS, who had historically avoided the retail consumer market to focus on customers such as businesses, universities, and government agencies.

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Specifications

Construction and components

The Eazy PC is an all-in-one system: the CRT monitor and its tilt/swivel base are permanently attached to the base unit and cannot be upgraded. The monitor also houses the computer's power supply. The screen measures 14 inches (36 cm) diagonally.2 It generates only a gray scale display, using a warm white phosphor.3 The graphics chip supports CGA video with a maximum resolution of 640 by 200 pixels which is double-scanned to 400 vertical pixel resolution, providing crisp characters in text mode.4

The lower case holding the mainboard measures 13 by 11 by 3.5 inches (33.0 cm × 27.9 cm × 8.9 cm) in width, depth, and height respectively.5 The single or dual 3.5-inch floppy drives are accessed from the computer's right side.6 The included detached keyboard plugs into a 5-pin DIN connector on the left side.

On the rear of the system unit are a DE-09M port for a serial mouse, a DB-25F parallel port, and a proprietary "option" port that is a 64-pin two row pin header for external modules. The mouse port is a serial port with functions unnecessary for mouse operation disabled.7

The CPU in the Eazy PC is an NEC V40 microprocessor running at a clock speed of 7.16 MHz, but able to be slowed to the 4.77 MHz speed of a standard XT.8 Like the NEC V20, the V40 is object-code compatible with the Intel 8088, but the V40 includes some integrated peripherals that would otherwise require additional circuitry on the mainboard. Base system memory is 512 KB of RAM. The BIOS used was both designed and supplied by Vadem.

The mainboard was noteworthy among contemporary IBM PC compatible systems of its class9 for its extensive use of large scale integration (LSI) ICs and low-power CMOS chips—as ZDS had been using in their portable computers.10 Locating the system power supply inside the monitor permitted a smaller mainboard enclosure.11

ZDS offered the Eazy PC in three configurations:

  • Model 1: Also called the EZ1, this version came with one 720 KB, 3.5-inch floppy disk drive.
  • Model 2: Also called the EZ2, this version came with two 720 KB, 3.5-inch floppy drives.
  • Model 3: Also called the EZ3, EZ20, and Model 20, this version came with one floppy disk drive and a 20 MB hard disk drive.

Once purchased, the configuration of the drives could not be modified—even to add a second floppy drive to a Model 112—except by ZDS themselves.13 Models 1 and 2 were equipped with lower-wattage power supplies unable to support the addition of a hard drive.14 The components inside Models 1 and 2 were also arranged differently from the Model 3, in a way that makes it impossible to install an aftermarket hard drive.15

Expansion

Unlike most other PC compatibles, there are no internal ISA expansion slots.1617 Omitting these slots, combined with the use of LSI and CMOS electronics, kept the system's total power dissipation low enough to eliminate the need for a cooling fan, resulting in quieter operation.18 Besides the absence of expansion slots, the Eazy PC's mainboard lacked a socket for a floating-point unit like the Intel 8087.1920

The Eazy PC's only aftermarket options were sold by ZDS, and included a mouse, an internal real-time clock module, and two external modules.21 External modules have metal enclosures and plug into the rear option port,2223 extending the depth of the computer's case by 2.5 inches (6.4 cm).24 One module expanded the RAM by 128 KB to the supported maximum of 640 KB.2526 The other module included the additional memory, and added a 9-pin serial port and a 300/1200 bit/s modem with a 6P2C RJ11 socket.2728 Only one external module could be attached at a time.

Software

The Eazy PC came bundled with MS-DOS 3.21, GW-BASIC, and version 1 of MS-DOS Manager, a character-based windowing file manager described as a precursor to the later DOS Shell.2930 When configured to stay resident in memory, MS-DOS Manager uses at least 111 KB, preventing some larger applications—in InfoWorld writer Lewis Perdue's experience, MultiMate Advantage—from working at all without the 128 KB provided by the expansion modules. The same reviewer also reported difficulty running certain applications from floppy disk without the computer freezing, throwing errors, or failing to boot—deeming the Eazy PC not fully IBM PC compatible in his summary of the machine.31

Development and marketing

The Eazy PC was designed and developed by Zenith Data Systems and Vadem, the latter being an original design manufacturer based in San Jose, California.32 ZDS announced the product in early June 1987 at the Spring COMDEX in Atlanta, Georgia.33 It went on sale one month later.34

ZDS marketed the Eazy PC as an "entry-level machine",35 suitable for "novice or first-time computer users" and "business executives who bring work home".36 This was the company's first effort to attract a base of consumers who had rarely or never used a computer before. ZDS had previously earned a reputation in the computer industry for producing high performance systems—especially portables37—and were a major supplier to governments and institutions.38 Initial pricing in the United States ranged from $999 to $1699 ($2,765 to $4,702 in 2024 dollars), depending on the configuration chosen.39 The memory+serial+modem expansion module—which one reviewer considered necessary for the PC to be useful at all—cost an additional $399 (equivalent to $1,104 in 2024).40

ZDS discontinued the Eazy PC in early 1990.41 At least one discount catalog company, Damark, offered the Eazy PC with the hard drive configuration for $669 (equivalent to $1,610 in 2024) as late as September 1990.42

Reception

Daniel Brogan of the Chicago Tribune conducted a benchmark of several IBM PC compatibles' ability to handle calculating "the liability of a pension plan covering 1,000 workers" based on an algorithm used by a high-ranking actuarial consulting firm. He found that the Eazy PC ranked second-to-last place, beating only the Leading Edge Model D, finishing its calculating at just under 51 minutes—almost 20 minutes faster than the Model D but over 20 minutes slower than the AT&T 6300.43

Perdue criticized the Eazy PC as "neither simple enough for novices nor powerful enough for business users", and strongly disliked the lack of upgradability.44 Except for word processing,45 he found the Eazy PC inadequate for any other purpose, citing its instability when testing several popular IBM PC programs on it and lack of support for local area networks—severely limiting its usefulness in schools and businesses.46 Perdue wrote that the memory+serial+modem module performed well but suffered from a loose connection to the main chassis due to the thumbscrews attaching it being too short. He also called the built-in monitor's grayscale rendering poor, requiring constant adjustment of the contrast knob to read text between the interfaces of different programs.47 The only high mark Perdue gave the system was in setup—he was able to unpack and get the Eazy PC running in roughly 10 minutes.48

In contrast, PC Magazine writer Robert Aarons praised the Eazy PC as well-designed, remarking that the case holding the system board could be mistaken for a "fancy monitor stand" and calling ZDS courageous for making a PC clone lacking the visual hallmarks of one. Aarons called the monitor "the most eye-pleasing display you've ever seen".49 Although he found the Eazy PC's processing speed slightly lower than those of other computers with a similar CPU and RAM and its hard drive the slowest in its class, second to IBM's PS/2 Model 25, he rated it a good value for college students, casual home users and office users with minimal needs.50 Cristine Bye of the Calgary Herald liked the hue of the monitor's phosphor but observed blurriness in its rendering of text.51 Robert Lander of Your Computer commended ZDS for adopting 3.5-inch disks for the Eazy PC, calling the decision forward-thinking, and expressed appreciation for its industrial design and the quality of its monitor and keyboard. Like Perdue, he criticized the computer's lack of expansion, and like Aarons he found the hard drive of the Model 3 slow when programs wrote to it.52 Robert Scibilia of Popular Mechanics likened the Eazy PC to the Macintosh: "a simple 1-box computing appliance that does its job with a minimum of fuss".53

Citations

References

  1. Greenhouse 1986, p. D1. - Greenhouse, Steven (1986-03-26). "Zenith Computer Unit Shines". The New York Times. Retrieved 31 March 2022. https://www.nytimes.com/1986/03/26/business/zenith-computer-unit-shines.html?pagewanted=all ↩

  2. Perdue 1987, p. 76. - Perdue, Lewis (September 28, 1987). "Zenith Eazy PC: Eazy a Misnomer for Non-Expandable Machine". InfoWorld. Vol. 9, no. 39. IDG Communications. pp. 76–81. ISSN 0199-6649 – via Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=ljsEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA76 ↩

  3. Aarons 1987, p. 336. - Aarons, Richard (December 8, 1987). "Packaged Computers for No-Pain Computing". PC Magazine. Vol. 6, no. 21. Ziff-Davis. pp. 321–338. ISSN 0888-8507 – via Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=1L7PVOhfUIoC&pg=PA336 ↩

  4. Perdue 1987, p. 76. - Perdue, Lewis (September 28, 1987). "Zenith Eazy PC: Eazy a Misnomer for Non-Expandable Machine". InfoWorld. Vol. 9, no. 39. IDG Communications. pp. 76–81. ISSN 0199-6649 – via Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=ljsEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA76 ↩

  5. Perdue 1987, p. 76. - Perdue, Lewis (September 28, 1987). "Zenith Eazy PC: Eazy a Misnomer for Non-Expandable Machine". InfoWorld. Vol. 9, no. 39. IDG Communications. pp. 76–81. ISSN 0199-6649 – via Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=ljsEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA76 ↩

  6. Perdue 1987, p. 79. - Perdue, Lewis (September 28, 1987). "Zenith Eazy PC: Eazy a Misnomer for Non-Expandable Machine". InfoWorld. Vol. 9, no. 39. IDG Communications. pp. 76–81. ISSN 0199-6649 – via Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=ljsEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA76 ↩

  7. Perdue 1987, p. 76. - Perdue, Lewis (September 28, 1987). "Zenith Eazy PC: Eazy a Misnomer for Non-Expandable Machine". InfoWorld. Vol. 9, no. 39. IDG Communications. pp. 76–81. ISSN 0199-6649 – via Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=ljsEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA76 ↩

  8. Hummel 1987, p. 35. - Hummel, Robert (July 21, 1987). "Zenith Debuts Small Desktop PC Geared for Use at Home, School". PC Magazine. Vol. 6, no. 13. Ziff-Davis. p. 35. ISSN 0888-8507 – via Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=LRBokcwLB70C&pg=PA35 ↩

  9. Perdue 1987, p. 76. - Perdue, Lewis (September 28, 1987). "Zenith Eazy PC: Eazy a Misnomer for Non-Expandable Machine". InfoWorld. Vol. 9, no. 39. IDG Communications. pp. 76–81. ISSN 0199-6649 – via Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=ljsEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA76 ↩

  10. Hummel 1987, p. 35. - Hummel, Robert (July 21, 1987). "Zenith Debuts Small Desktop PC Geared for Use at Home, School". PC Magazine. Vol. 6, no. 13. Ziff-Davis. p. 35. ISSN 0888-8507 – via Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=LRBokcwLB70C&pg=PA35 ↩

  11. Hummel 1987, p. 35. - Hummel, Robert (July 21, 1987). "Zenith Debuts Small Desktop PC Geared for Use at Home, School". PC Magazine. Vol. 6, no. 13. Ziff-Davis. p. 35. ISSN 0888-8507 – via Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=LRBokcwLB70C&pg=PA35 ↩

  12. Perdue 1987, p. 76. - Perdue, Lewis (September 28, 1987). "Zenith Eazy PC: Eazy a Misnomer for Non-Expandable Machine". InfoWorld. Vol. 9, no. 39. IDG Communications. pp. 76–81. ISSN 0199-6649 – via Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=ljsEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA76 ↩

  13. Bermant 1988, p. 151. - Bermant, Charles (April 1988). "What's New in Low-Priced Computers". Personal Computing. Vol. 12, no. 4. VNU Business Information Services. pp. 149–154. ISSN 0192-5490 – via ProQuest. https://www.proquest.com/docview/199405164/ ↩

  14. Hummel 1987, p. 35. - Hummel, Robert (July 21, 1987). "Zenith Debuts Small Desktop PC Geared for Use at Home, School". PC Magazine. Vol. 6, no. 13. Ziff-Davis. p. 35. ISSN 0888-8507 – via Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=LRBokcwLB70C&pg=PA35 ↩

  15. Perdue 1987, p. 76. - Perdue, Lewis (September 28, 1987). "Zenith Eazy PC: Eazy a Misnomer for Non-Expandable Machine". InfoWorld. Vol. 9, no. 39. IDG Communications. pp. 76–81. ISSN 0199-6649 – via Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=ljsEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA76 ↩

  16. Perdue 1987, p. 76. - Perdue, Lewis (September 28, 1987). "Zenith Eazy PC: Eazy a Misnomer for Non-Expandable Machine". InfoWorld. Vol. 9, no. 39. IDG Communications. pp. 76–81. ISSN 0199-6649 – via Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=ljsEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA76 ↩

  17. Pournelle 1987, p. 199. - Pournelle, Jerry (December 1987). "The Old Shell Game" (PDF). Computing at Chaos Manor. Byte. Vol. 12, no. 14. McGraw-Hill Inc. pp. 199–212. ISSN 0360-5280. https://datassette.nyc3.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/revistas/byte_magazine_vol12_14.pdf ↩

  18. Hummel 1987, p. 35. - Hummel, Robert (July 21, 1987). "Zenith Debuts Small Desktop PC Geared for Use at Home, School". PC Magazine. Vol. 6, no. 13. Ziff-Davis. p. 35. ISSN 0888-8507 – via Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=LRBokcwLB70C&pg=PA35 ↩

  19. Hummel 1987, p. 35. - Hummel, Robert (July 21, 1987). "Zenith Debuts Small Desktop PC Geared for Use at Home, School". PC Magazine. Vol. 6, no. 13. Ziff-Davis. p. 35. ISSN 0888-8507 – via Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=LRBokcwLB70C&pg=PA35 ↩

  20. Perdue 1987, p. 76. - Perdue, Lewis (September 28, 1987). "Zenith Eazy PC: Eazy a Misnomer for Non-Expandable Machine". InfoWorld. Vol. 9, no. 39. IDG Communications. pp. 76–81. ISSN 0199-6649 – via Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=ljsEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA76 ↩

  21. Perdue 1987, p. 79. - Perdue, Lewis (September 28, 1987). "Zenith Eazy PC: Eazy a Misnomer for Non-Expandable Machine". InfoWorld. Vol. 9, no. 39. IDG Communications. pp. 76–81. ISSN 0199-6649 – via Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=ljsEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA76 ↩

  22. Perdue 1987, p. 79. - Perdue, Lewis (September 28, 1987). "Zenith Eazy PC: Eazy a Misnomer for Non-Expandable Machine". InfoWorld. Vol. 9, no. 39. IDG Communications. pp. 76–81. ISSN 0199-6649 – via Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=ljsEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA76 ↩

  23. Lander 1987, p. 34. - Lander, Robert (December 1987). "Eazy Peazy". Your Computer. Focus Magazines. pp. 34–35. ISSN 0725-3931 – via the Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/YourComputer_198712/page/n33/ ↩

  24. Perdue 1987, p. 79. - Perdue, Lewis (September 28, 1987). "Zenith Eazy PC: Eazy a Misnomer for Non-Expandable Machine". InfoWorld. Vol. 9, no. 39. IDG Communications. pp. 76–81. ISSN 0199-6649 – via Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=ljsEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA76 ↩

  25. Perdue 1987, p. 79. - Perdue, Lewis (September 28, 1987). "Zenith Eazy PC: Eazy a Misnomer for Non-Expandable Machine". InfoWorld. Vol. 9, no. 39. IDG Communications. pp. 76–81. ISSN 0199-6649 – via Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=ljsEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA76 ↩

  26. Aarons 1987, p. 338. - Aarons, Richard (December 8, 1987). "Packaged Computers for No-Pain Computing". PC Magazine. Vol. 6, no. 21. Ziff-Davis. pp. 321–338. ISSN 0888-8507 – via Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=1L7PVOhfUIoC&pg=PA336 ↩

  27. Perdue 1987, p. 79. - Perdue, Lewis (September 28, 1987). "Zenith Eazy PC: Eazy a Misnomer for Non-Expandable Machine". InfoWorld. Vol. 9, no. 39. IDG Communications. pp. 76–81. ISSN 0199-6649 – via Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=ljsEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA76 ↩

  28. Hummel 1987, p. 35. - Hummel, Robert (July 21, 1987). "Zenith Debuts Small Desktop PC Geared for Use at Home, School". PC Magazine. Vol. 6, no. 13. Ziff-Davis. p. 35. ISSN 0888-8507 – via Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=LRBokcwLB70C&pg=PA35 ↩

  29. Aarons 1987, p. 338. - Aarons, Richard (December 8, 1987). "Packaged Computers for No-Pain Computing". PC Magazine. Vol. 6, no. 21. Ziff-Davis. pp. 321–338. ISSN 0888-8507 – via Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=1L7PVOhfUIoC&pg=PA336 ↩

  30. Mace 1987, p. 5. - Mace, Scott (June 8, 1987). "Zenith Eazy PC Includes DOS Shell by Microsoft". InfoWorld. Vol. 9, no. 23. IDG Communications. p. 5. ISSN 0199-6649 – via Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=0TAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA7 ↩

  31. Perdue 1987, p. 76. - Perdue, Lewis (September 28, 1987). "Zenith Eazy PC: Eazy a Misnomer for Non-Expandable Machine". InfoWorld. Vol. 9, no. 39. IDG Communications. pp. 76–81. ISSN 0199-6649 – via Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=ljsEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA76 ↩

  32. Alpdemir 1997. - Alpdemir, Ahmet (February 18, 1997). "Vadem Announces New President, CEO". PR Newswire – via ProQuest. https://www.proquest.com/docview/450064976/ ↩

  33. Staff writer 1987, p. 58. - Staff writer (June 2, 1987). "The Ticker: Coniston Still Pursues Allegis". Chicago Sun-Times. p. 58. ProQuest 257146714 – via ProQuest. https://www.proquest.com/docview/257146714 ↩

  34. Hummel 1987, p. 35. - Hummel, Robert (July 21, 1987). "Zenith Debuts Small Desktop PC Geared for Use at Home, School". PC Magazine. Vol. 6, no. 13. Ziff-Davis. p. 35. ISSN 0888-8507 – via Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=LRBokcwLB70C&pg=PA35 ↩

  35. Lander 1987, p. 34. - Lander, Robert (December 1987). "Eazy Peazy". Your Computer. Focus Magazines. pp. 34–35. ISSN 0725-3931 – via the Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/YourComputer_198712/page/n33/ ↩

  36. Perdue 1987, p. 76. - Perdue, Lewis (September 28, 1987). "Zenith Eazy PC: Eazy a Misnomer for Non-Expandable Machine". InfoWorld. Vol. 9, no. 39. IDG Communications. pp. 76–81. ISSN 0199-6649 – via Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=ljsEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA76 ↩

  37. Hummel 1987, p. 35. - Hummel, Robert (July 21, 1987). "Zenith Debuts Small Desktop PC Geared for Use at Home, School". PC Magazine. Vol. 6, no. 13. Ziff-Davis. p. 35. ISSN 0888-8507 – via Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=LRBokcwLB70C&pg=PA35 ↩

  38. Betts 1987, p. 101. - Betts, Michael (November 23, 1987). "Fed buyers march to different tune". Computerworld. Vol. XXI, no. 47. Ziff-Davis. p. 101 – via Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=6IrUmI_VPkQC&pg=PP101 ↩

  39. Perdue 1987, p. 76. - Perdue, Lewis (September 28, 1987). "Zenith Eazy PC: Eazy a Misnomer for Non-Expandable Machine". InfoWorld. Vol. 9, no. 39. IDG Communications. pp. 76–81. ISSN 0199-6649 – via Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=ljsEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA76 ↩

  40. Perdue 1987, pp. 76, 80. - Perdue, Lewis (September 28, 1987). "Zenith Eazy PC: Eazy a Misnomer for Non-Expandable Machine". InfoWorld. Vol. 9, no. 39. IDG Communications. pp. 76–81. ISSN 0199-6649 – via Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=ljsEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA76 ↩

  41. Anderton 1990, p. 58. - Anderton, Stuart (May 12, 1990). "Express Mail". New Computer Express. No. 79. Future Publishing. pp. 58–60. OCLC 863285049 – via the Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/NH2021_New_Computer_Express_Issue079.pdf/page/n57/ ↩

  42. Damark 1990. - Damark Catalog (PDF). Damark. September 1990. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 16, 2021 – via Vintage Volts. https://web.archive.org/web/20210916103808/http://www.vintagevolts.com/wp-content/uploads/Damark09901.pdf ↩

  43. Brogan 1987, p. C12. - Brogan, Daniel (December 6, 1987). "On Computers: Real-World Route to Right Computers". Chicago Tribune. Tribune Publishing Company. p. C12. ISSN 1085-6706. ProQuest 282431062 – via ProQuest. https://www.proquest.com/docview/282431062 ↩

  44. Perdue 1987, p. 76. - Perdue, Lewis (September 28, 1987). "Zenith Eazy PC: Eazy a Misnomer for Non-Expandable Machine". InfoWorld. Vol. 9, no. 39. IDG Communications. pp. 76–81. ISSN 0199-6649 – via Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=ljsEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA76 ↩

  45. Perdue 1987, p. 77. - Perdue, Lewis (September 28, 1987). "Zenith Eazy PC: Eazy a Misnomer for Non-Expandable Machine". InfoWorld. Vol. 9, no. 39. IDG Communications. pp. 76–81. ISSN 0199-6649 – via Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=ljsEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA76 ↩

  46. Perdue 1987, p. 77. - Perdue, Lewis (September 28, 1987). "Zenith Eazy PC: Eazy a Misnomer for Non-Expandable Machine". InfoWorld. Vol. 9, no. 39. IDG Communications. pp. 76–81. ISSN 0199-6649 – via Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=ljsEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA76 ↩

  47. Perdue 1987, p. 79. - Perdue, Lewis (September 28, 1987). "Zenith Eazy PC: Eazy a Misnomer for Non-Expandable Machine". InfoWorld. Vol. 9, no. 39. IDG Communications. pp. 76–81. ISSN 0199-6649 – via Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=ljsEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA76 ↩

  48. Perdue 1987, p. 80. - Perdue, Lewis (September 28, 1987). "Zenith Eazy PC: Eazy a Misnomer for Non-Expandable Machine". InfoWorld. Vol. 9, no. 39. IDG Communications. pp. 76–81. ISSN 0199-6649 – via Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=ljsEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA76 ↩

  49. Aarons 1987, p. 337. - Aarons, Richard (December 8, 1987). "Packaged Computers for No-Pain Computing". PC Magazine. Vol. 6, no. 21. Ziff-Davis. pp. 321–338. ISSN 0888-8507 – via Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=1L7PVOhfUIoC&pg=PA336 ↩

  50. Aarons 1987, p. 338. - Aarons, Richard (December 8, 1987). "Packaged Computers for No-Pain Computing". PC Magazine. Vol. 6, no. 21. Ziff-Davis. pp. 321–338. ISSN 0888-8507 – via Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=1L7PVOhfUIoC&pg=PA336 ↩

  51. Bye 1989, p. C1. - Bye, Christine (January 26, 1989). "Home Tech: Buying PC No Easy Task". Calgary Herald. Postmedia Network. p. C1. ISSN 0828-1815. ProQuest 244016383 – via ProQuest. https://www.proquest.com/docview/244016383 ↩

  52. Lander 1987, p. 34. - Lander, Robert (December 1987). "Eazy Peazy". Your Computer. Focus Magazines. pp. 34–35. ISSN 0725-3931 – via the Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/YourComputer_198712/page/n33/ ↩

  53. Scibilia 1988, p. 135. - Scibilia, Robert (April 1988). "The Super Clones". Popular Mechanics. Vol. 165, no. 4. Hearst Corporation. pp. 65–67, 134–135. ISSN 0032-4558 – via Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=ZuQDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA134 ↩