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Bargate stone
A highly durable form of sandstone used for building

Bargate stone is a highly durable form of sandstone. It owes its yellow, butter or honey colouring to a high iron content. In some contexts it may be considered to be a form of ironstone. However, in the context of stone buildings local to the extraction of Bargate Stone, the term 'ironstone' is often used to refer to a darker stone, also extracted from the Greensand, which rusts to a brown colour.

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Sources

This stone was quarried for centuries in the Bargate Member of the Greensand Ridge, particularly where it is widest in south west Surrey, England. It occurs near the surface and was quarried in the hillsides near Godalming. Medieval quarries are still visible in Godalming, at the foot of Holloway Hill.3

Bargate stone is rare in current use due to its short supply.4 Bath stone, Yorkstone and other similar coloured stone is sometimes used as alternatives, or to complement it.

Petrography

Bargate stone is typically a mix of sandy bioclastic limestone and bioclastic sandstone. The intergranular cements comprise ferroan carbonate.5

Use

Bargate Stone is found in many buildings in Surrey, approximately 250 of which are listed, and in two churches in London.6 It is endemic to older buildings near the Greensand Ridge where it is found. Its 20th-century use tended towards coursed use of Bargate sandstone with bricks, or concrete, sometimes with ashlar dressings or mortar rendering.7

Examples

Early medieval

16th Century

Tillingbourne Cottage, Wotton, Surrey15

17th Century

Cosford Mill, Thursley16

18th Century

19th Century

20th Century

See also

Notes and references

Notes References

References

  1. "Bargate Stone in the Guildford Area". Guildford Society. 23 October 2017. https://www.guildfordsociety.org.uk/Bargate_Stone.html ↩

  2. "Repair and maintenance of stone buildings" (PDF). Spelthorne Borough Council. https://www.spelthorne.gov.uk/media/2310/Repair-and-Maintenance-of-Stone-Buildings/pdf/advisory_leaflet_9_repair_and_maintenance_of_stone_buildings.pdf ↩

  3. "Bargate Stone in the Guildford Area". Guildford Society. 23 October 2017. https://www.guildfordsociety.org.uk/Bargate_Stone.html ↩

  4. "Repair and maintenance of stone buildings" (PDF). Spelthorne Borough Council. https://www.spelthorne.gov.uk/media/2310/Repair-and-Maintenance-of-Stone-Buildings/pdf/advisory_leaflet_9_repair_and_maintenance_of_stone_buildings.pdf ↩

  5. Lott, Graham; Cameron, Don. "The building stones of South East England : Mineralogy and provenance" (PDF). British Geological Survey. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 10 August 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210510081145/https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/11879/1/lott_cameron.pdf ↩

  6. Advanced Search by text 'Bargate' less Bargate Farmhouse and Street/Lane/Bargate meaning road http://list.english-heritage.org.uk/results.aspx ↩

  7. Pinewoods Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1192323)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013. /wiki/Historic_England ↩

  8. The Castle Keep, Castle Hill (Guildford) Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1377881)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013. /wiki/Historic_England ↩

  9. St Nicholas's Church, Compton Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1188621)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013. /wiki/Historic_England ↩

  10. Church of St. Mary the Virgin, Oxted Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1189608)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013. /wiki/Historic_England ↩

  11. Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1377918)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013. /wiki/Historic_England ↩

  12. Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1378082)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013. /wiki/Historic_England ↩

  13. Tower parapet only ↩

  14. All Saints, Witley Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1260732)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013. /wiki/Historic_England ↩

  15. Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1378102)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013. /wiki/Historic_England ↩

  16. Cosford Mill Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1241732)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013. /wiki/Historic_England ↩

  17. Leith Hill Tower Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1028808)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013. /wiki/Historic_England ↩

  18. St Catherine's 'School' Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1377893)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013. /wiki/Historic_England ↩

  19. By Joseph Peacock ↩

  20. St Stephen's Church, Kensington Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1293603)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013. /wiki/Historic_England ↩

  21. St Nicholas's Church, Guildford Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1029291)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013. /wiki/Historic_England ↩

  22. St Michaels Church, Camberley Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1030037)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013. /wiki/Historic_England ↩

  23. Charterhouse School, Main Building Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1190288)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013.Charterhouse School, Old Museum House Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1190406)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013. /wiki/Historic_England ↩

  24. By Sir Edwin Lutyens /wiki/Edwin_Lutyens ↩

  25. Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1235247)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013. /wiki/Historic_England ↩

  26. by architect Benjamin Ferrey - Bargate here described not as sandstone but ragstone /wiki/Benjamin_Ferrey ↩

  27. St Stephen's Church Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1235247)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013. /wiki/Historic_England ↩

  28. Historic England (15 March 1988). "Bookers Tower Guildford (Grade II) (1188100)". National Heritage List for England. /wiki/Historic_England ↩

  29. By Lutyens ↩

  30. Munstead Wood Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1261159)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013. /wiki/Historic_England ↩

  31. By Lutyens ↩

  32. Chinthurst Hill Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1260635)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013. /wiki/Historic_England ↩

  33. By Henry Woodyer as architect's home, now school /wiki/Henry_Woodyer ↩

  34. Grafham GrangeHistoric England. "Details from listed building database (1249489)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013. /wiki/Historic_England ↩

  35. By Henry Woodyer, formerly a church /wiki/Henry_Woodyer ↩

  36. St James' CourtHistoric England. "Details from listed building database (1378283)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013. /wiki/Historic_England ↩

  37. William Bassett Smith and Thomas Graham Jackson /wiki/Thomas_Graham_Jackson ↩

  38. St John's Church, CaterhamHistoric England. "Details from listed building database (1294940)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013. /wiki/Historic_England ↩

  39. Pergola Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1000302)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013. /wiki/Historic_England ↩

  40. Pinewoods Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1192323)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013. /wiki/Historic_England ↩

  41. Hascombe Court Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1384634)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013. /wiki/Historic_England ↩

  42. By J D Coleridge, for Robert EA Murray and later for Sir John Jarvis /wiki/Sir_John_Jarvis,_1st_Baronet ↩

  43. Mostly made of Doulton stone /w/index.php?title=Doulton_stone&action=edit&redlink=1 ↩

  44. War memorial platform, Bramshott Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1392394)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013. /wiki/Historic_England ↩

  45. Pergola Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1391327)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013. /wiki/Historic_England ↩

  46. By Frederick Walters, dressings in Bath stone, many religious reredos including angels and the Virgin Mary /wiki/Frederick_Walters ↩

  47. Orchards (park and garden) Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1001174)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 October 2013. /wiki/Historic_England ↩