The PSA X engine is a family of aluminium alloy internal combustion engines used in Citroën, Peugeot, Talbot, and Renault vehicles, mainly fitted in superminis and entry-level midsize cars. Introduced in 1972 with the Peugeot 104, it features a SOHC inline-four design displacing 954 to 1360 cc, mounted transversely with an integral rear transmission on the crankcase, giving it the "suitcase" nickname. Built by "Française de Mécanique" in Douvrin, France, the X engine was phased out by 1990 and succeeded by the TU engine, which introduced a belt-driven camshaft and separate gearbox lubrication.
XV
The XV had a displacement of 1.0 L (954 cc), with a bore and a stroke of 70 mm × 62 mm (2.76 in × 2.44 in). It used a single barrel carburettor, good for 33 kW (45 PS; 44 hp).
The XV was installed in the Citroën LNA, Citroën Visa, Peugeot 104, Peugeot 205 and Talbot Samba.
| Model | Output | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| XV8 | 33 kW (45 PS; 44 hp) | 1-bbl. carburettor |
XW
The XW had a displacement of 1.1 L (1,124 cc), with a bore and a stroke of 72 mm × 69 mm (2.83 in × 2.72 in). It was initially powered by a single barrel carburettor, good for 42 kW (57 PS; 56 hp). A double-barrel carburettor version (XW 3S) raised power to 48.5 kW (66 PS; 65 hp). A detuned version with 37 kW (50 PS; 50 hp) was used in a few markets in place of the XV.
The XW was applied to the Citroën LNA, Citroën Visa, Citroën C15, Citroën BX, Peugeot 104, Peugeot 205 and Talbot Samba. The 66 PS (49 kW; 65 hp) version could be found in the sporty Visa X and the 1975 Peugeot 104 ZS.
| Model | Output | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| XW3 | 42 kW (57 PS; 56 hp) | 1-bbl carburettor |
| XW7 | 37 kW (50 PS; 50 hp) | 1-bbl carburettor |
| XW3S | 48.5 kW (66 PS; 65 hp) | 2-bbl carburettor |
XZ
The XZ had a displacement of 1.2 L (1,219 cc), with a bore and a stroke of 75 mm × 69 mm (2.95 in × 2.72 in). It was powered by a single barrel carburettor, achieving 42 kW (57 PS; 56 hp) at launch, later 47 kW (64 PS; 63 hp) for the Visa Super X. The XZ7R variant used two double barrel carburettors which raised power to 66 kW (90 PS; 89 hp).
The XZ had a brief career, and was applied to the Citroën Visa, Peugeot 104, Talbot Samba and Renault 14. The 90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp) could be found in the Peugeot 104 ZS Coupé and Talbot Samba Rallye, and their respective racing versions.
| Model | Output | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| XZ5 | 42 kW (57 PS; 56 hp) | 1-bbl carburettor |
| XZ5X | 47 kW (64 PS; 63 hp) | 2-bbl carburettor |
| XZ7R | 66 kW (90 PS; 89 hp) | twin 2-bbl carburettor |
XY
The XY was introduced in the place of the XZ. It had a displacement of 1.4 L (1,360 cc), with a bore and a stroke of 75 mm × 77 mm (2.95 in × 3.03 in). It was initially available only in a double barrel carburettor with 53 kW (72 PS; 71 hp), but later became available with single barrel, twin single barrel and twin double barrel carburettors. This one could reach 68.5 or 82 kW (93 or 111 PS; 92 or 110 hp), depending on the model it was meant for and the level of tuning.
The XY was applied in 44 kW (60 PS; 59 hp) to the Citroën Visa, Peugeot 104 and Peugeot 205, Talbot Samba and Renault 14 GTL. The 72 PS (53 kW; 71 hp) variant could be seen in deluxe versions of these models, such as the Samba Cabrio and 205 XT, the Citroën BX and the Renault 14 TS. The 80 PS (59 kW; 79 hp) version was reserved for the intermediate sports levels Visa GT, 205 XS/GT, Samba S and the 104ZS. The two most powerful variants were used exclusively in the Visa Chrono and Chrono II, which had a successful career in rallying, especially in France. A 1.4 L (1,440 cc) with over 110 kW (150 PS; 148 hp) was used in the Group B racing model used by the factory team.
| Model | Output | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| XY6B | 53 kW (72 PS; 71 hp) | 2-bbl carburettor |
| XY? | 82 kW (111 PS; 110 hp) | twin 2-bbl carburettor |
| XY7 | 44 kW (60 PS; 59 hp) | 1-bbl carburettor |
| XY8 | 58 kW (79 PS; 78 hp) | twin 1-bbl carburettor |
| XYR | 68 kW (92 PS; 91 hp) | twin 2-bbl carburettor |
Sources
- Guide des moteurs Peugeot Citroën (in French)
References
""Peugeot 104 the great story of a small car"". L’Aventure Peugeot Museum. Retrieved 23 June 2025. https://laventure-association.com/en/evenement/peugeot-104-the-great-story-of-a-small-car/ ↩