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List of artificial intelligence projects
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<h2 id="specialized-projects">Specialized projects</h2> <h3>Brain-inspired</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Blue_Brain_Project/NfxJtHyf">Blue Brain Project</a>, an attempt to create a synthetic brain by <a href="/facts/Reverse_engineering/pmJCV7J7">reverse-engineering</a> the mammalian brain down to the molecular level.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Google_Brain/yp0eeKSX">Google Brain</a>, a deep learning project part of <a href="/facts/Google_X/ysANPBcR">Google X</a> attempting to have intelligence similar or equal to human-level.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Human_Brain_Project/77NdNkM9">Human Brain Project</a>, ten-year scientific research project, based on exascale supercomputers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a></li></ul> <h3>Cognitive architectures</h3> <p class="note">Further information: <a href="/facts/List_of_cognitive_architectures/6EgYFrx5">List of cognitive architectures</a></p> <ul><li><a href="/facts/4CAPS/Xy4zIMTf">4CAPS</a>, developed at <a href="/facts/Carnegie_Mellon_University/XKd7L2KA">Carnegie Mellon University</a> under <a href="/facts/Marcel_Just/6dE3G85W">Marcel A. Just</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/ACT-R/QA8cYaAr">ACT-R</a>, developed at Carnegie Mellon University under <a href="/facts/John_Robert_Anderson_(psychologist)/NW1GQFxH">John R. Anderson</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/AIXI/lVfxaghv">AIXI</a>, Universal Artificial Intelligence developed by <a href="/facts/Marcus_Hutter/cwqDdpGW">Marcus Hutter</a> at <a href="/facts/IDSIA/R8NpEU8T">IDSIA</a> and <a href="/facts/Australian_National_University/fqzCfrdp">ANU</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/CALO/a0xkfhny">CALO</a>, a DARPA-funded, 25-institution effort to integrate many artificial intelligence approaches (natural language processing, <a href="/facts/Speech_recognition/z7S7Pgk6">speech recognition</a>, <a href="/facts/Machine_vision/8kvmXVcA">machine vision</a>, <a href="/facts/Probabilistic_logic/4MIPxPIJ">probabilistic logic</a>, <a href="/facts/Planning/ckzCp5tv">planning</a>, <a href="/facts/Reasoning/tcBImN8J">reasoning</a>, many forms of <a href="/facts/Machine_learning/e0w0XJTu">machine learning</a>) into an AI assistant that learns to help manage your office environment.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/CHREST/9fXa7IV8">CHREST</a>, developed under <a href="/facts/Fernand_Gobet/NvlcY20p">Fernand Gobet</a> at <a href="/facts/Brunel_University/5WdVxrgM">Brunel University</a> and Peter C. Lane at the <a href="/facts/University_of_Hertfordshire/e2urd0uG">University of Hertfordshire</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/CLARION_(cognitive_architecture)/LGS9tfK1">CLARION</a>, developed under <a href="/facts/Ron_Sun/yJ3wjr1J">Ron Sun</a> at <a href="/facts/Rensselaer_Polytechnic_Institute/e3smoUMm">Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute</a> and University of Missouri.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/JACK_Intelligent_Agents/oIckecc8">CoJACK</a>, an <a href="/facts/ACT-R/QA8cYaAr">ACT-R</a> inspired extension to the JACK multi-agent system that adds a cognitive architecture to the agents for eliciting more realistic (human-like) behaviors in virtual environments.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Copycat_(software)/UPSPjgse">Copycat</a>, by <a href="/facts/Douglas_Hofstadter/LxUaf01J">Douglas Hofstadter</a> and <a href="/facts/Melanie_Mitchell/QolxY4t8">Melanie Mitchell</a> at the <a href="/facts/Indiana_University_(Bloomington)/44gyhspU">Indiana University</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/DUAL_(cognitive_architecture)/WYTl9CXK">DUAL</a>, developed at the <a href="/facts/New_Bulgarian_University/I30cpdS4">New Bulgarian University</a> under <a href="/facts/Boicho_Kokinov/XEutfA95">Boicho Kokinov</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/FORR/wuNCtC8S">FORR</a> developed by Susan L. Epstein at <a href="/facts/The_City_University_of_New_York/tSvG2Sgp">The City University of New York</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/LIDA_(cognitive_architecture)/yrCwpW3P">IDA and LIDA</a>, implementing <a href="/facts/Global_Workspace_Theory/FKk2yzmI">Global Workspace Theory</a>, developed under <a href="/facts/Stan_Franklin/IjzFXnRx">Stan Franklin</a> at the <a href="/facts/University_of_Memphis/2PuCK3a2">University of Memphis</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/OpenCog/HS2MMBp3">OpenCog</a> Prime, developed using the OpenCog Framework.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Procedural_Reasoning_System/pyE8NNV5">Procedural Reasoning System</a> (PRS), developed by <a href="/facts/Michael_Georgeff/chqo1vIj">Michael Georgeff</a> and Amy L. Lansky at <a href="/facts/SRI_International/flSHunVK">SRI International</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Psi-Theory/VydhyDUs">Psi-Theory</a> developed under <a href="/facts/Dietrich_D%25C3%25B6rner/NLGYdCMn">Dietrich Dörner</a> at the <a href="/facts/Otto-Friedrich_University/cMe3KT09">Otto-Friedrich University</a> in <a href="/facts/Bamberg/A87RIFs9">Bamberg</a>, <a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX">Germany</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Soar_(cognitive_architecture)/jV7B7EzH">Soar</a>, developed under <a href="/facts/Allen_Newell/61yUQ647">Allen Newell</a> and <a href="/facts/John_E._Laird/lDloTzFv">John Laird</a> at <a href="/facts/Carnegie_Mellon_University/XKd7L2KA">Carnegie Mellon University</a> and the <a href="/facts/University_of_Michigan/6e1Ea5xh">University of Michigan</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Society_of_Mind/4WnLK0dz">Society of Mind</a></i> and its successor <i><a href="/facts/The_Emotion_Machine/synuW2Sm">The Emotion Machine</a></i> proposed by <a href="/facts/Marvin_Minsky/HTU5MYLL">Marvin Minsky</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Subsumption_architecture/cnXcTrj5">Subsumption architectures</a>, developed e.g. by <a href="/facts/Rodney_Brooks/JcAvm7Wp">Rodney Brooks</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> (though it could be argued whether they are <i>cognitive</i>).</li></ul> <h3>Games</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/AlphaGo/wJ9P2bBf">AlphaGo</a>, software developed by <a href="/facts/Google/GT9Sugza">Google</a> that plays the Chinese board game Go.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Chinook_(draughts_player)/Y65ly6o0">Chinook</a>, a computer program that plays <a href="/facts/English_draughts/DHpadrHD">English draughts</a>; the first to win the world champion title in the competition against humans.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Deep_Blue_(chess_computer)/7lnCRVup">Deep Blue</a>, a chess-playing computer developed by <a href="/facts/IBM/QszA7nwd">IBM</a> which beat <a href="/facts/Garry_Kasparov/NNjULdHH">Garry Kasparov</a> in 1997.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Halite_AI_Programming_Competition/dNJVgY8J">Halite</a>, an artificial intelligence programming competition created by <a href="/facts/Two_Sigma/3aMCWJ6Q">Two Sigma</a> in 2016.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Libratus/aXW3e9QK">Libratus</a>, a poker AI that beat world-class poker players in 2017, intended to be generalisable to other applications.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a></li> <li>The <a href="/facts/Matchbox_Educable_Noughts_and_Crosses_Engine/EBlr3aS4">Matchbox Educable Noughts and Crosses Engine</a> (sometimes called the Machine Educable Noughts and Crosses Engine or MENACE) was a mechanical computer made from 304 matchboxes designed and built by artificial intelligence researcher <a href="/facts/Donald_Michie/qvesIVeK">Donald Michie</a> in 1961.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Quick%2c_Draw!/YyEs84av">Quick, Draw!</a>, an online game developed by <a href="/facts/Google/GT9Sugza">Google</a> that challenges players to draw a picture of an object or idea and then uses a <a href="/facts/Artificial_neural_network/6V1jMlkx">neural network</a> to guess what the drawing is.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a></li> <li>The <a href="/facts/Samuel_Checkers-playing_Program/hjG9AfX2">Samuel Checkers-playing Program</a> (1959) was among the world's first successful self-learning programs, and as such a very early demonstration of the fundamental concept of artificial intelligence (AI).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Stockfish_(chess)/l8r2V9jK">Stockfish AI</a>, an open source chess engine currently ranked the highest in many <a href="/facts/Chess_engine/Co4uBTsS">computer chess rankings</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/TD-Gammon/Rbt2ohgQ">TD-Gammon</a>, a program that learned to play world-class <a href="/facts/Backgammon/53mgqvtv">backgammon</a> partly by playing against itself (<a href="/facts/Temporal_difference_learning/FJDMDwBD">temporal difference learning</a> with <a href="/facts/Artificial_neural_network/6V1jMlkx">neural networks</a>).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a></li></ul> <h3>Internet activism</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Operation_Serenata_de_Amor/49ySmTK8">Serenata de Amor</a>, project for the analysis of public expenditures and detect discrepancies.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a></li></ul> <h3>Knowledge and reasoning</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Alice_(Microsoft)/9dWrsVgJ">Alice (Microsoft)</a>, a project from Microsoft Research Lab aimed at improving decision-making in Economics</li> <li><a href="/facts/Braina/tDwF97cs">Braina</a>, an <a href="/facts/Intelligent_personal_assistant/BuouwL2U">intelligent personal assistant</a> application with a voice interface for <a href="/facts/Windows_OS/bwhAhuSL">Windows OS</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Cyc/JyTurpR6">Cyc</a>, an attempt to assemble an <a href="/facts/Ontology_(information_science)/SQlhl6lp">ontology</a> and database of everyday knowledge, enabling <a href="/facts/Commonsense_reasoning/HfL7zQe4">human-like reasoning</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Eurisko/pvAGJ6LG">Eurisko</a>, a language by <a href="/facts/Douglas_Lenat/RvIM3E5e">Douglas Lenat</a> for solving problems which consists of <a href="/facts/Heuristic_algorithm/PM2qkoa2">heuristics</a>, including some for how to use and change its heuristics.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Google_Now/Tn2sCw5M">Google Now</a>, an intelligent personal assistant with a voice interface in <a href="/facts/Google/GT9Sugza">Google</a>'s <a href="/facts/Android_(operating_system)/nNyHb0xz">Android</a> and <a href="/facts/Apple_Inc./oTJYta3k">Apple Inc.</a>'s <a href="/facts/IOS/mK5cggH5">iOS</a>, as well as <a href="/facts/Google_Chrome/4INfWq37">Google Chrome</a> web browser on personal computers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Holmes_(computer)/z46sgJGy">Holmes</a> a new AI created by <a href="/facts/Wipro/MP5fxUfq">Wipro</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Microsoft_Cortana/du1CmE4u">Microsoft Cortana</a>, an intelligent personal assistant with a voice interface in <a href="/facts/Microsoft/nGIDDXdx">Microsoft</a>'s various <a href="/facts/Windows_10_editions/4CgucUSQ">Windows 10 editions</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Mycin/d1eeueFG">Mycin</a>, an early medical expert system.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Open_Mind_Common_Sense/H6ok2o1h">Open Mind Common Sense</a>, a project based at the <a href="/facts/MIT_Media_Lab/Vhgn9KFE">MIT Media Lab</a> to build a large common sense <a href="/facts/Knowledge_base/zKXdqQjH">knowledge base</a> from online contributions.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Siri/wfkBV2dF">Siri</a>, an intelligent personal assistant and <a href="/facts/Knowledge_Navigator/YAR82lzN">knowledge navigator</a> with a voice-interface in <a href="/facts/Apple_Inc./oTJYta3k">Apple Inc.</a>'s <a href="/facts/IOS/mK5cggH5">iOS</a> and <a href="/facts/MacOS/Y93vVpTm">macOS</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/SNePS/GwhFG3JR">SNePS</a>, simultaneously a <a href="/facts/Logic/8JnpJLtt">logic</a>-based, <a href="/facts/Frame_language/YnQaR34X">frame</a>-based, and <a href="/facts/Semantic_network/mt7FlP53">network</a>-based knowledge representation, reasoning, and acting system.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Viv_(software)/naSQ7N1V">Viv (software)</a>, a new AI by the creators of <a href="/facts/Siri/wfkBV2dF">Siri</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Wolfram_Alpha/CIBhWgXA">Wolfram Alpha</a>, an online service that answers queries by computing the answer from structured data.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/MindsDB/QJJRDr5c">MindsDB</a>, is an AI automation platform for building AI/<a href="/facts/Machine_learning/e0w0XJTu">ML</a> powered features and applications.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a></li></ul> <h3>Motion and manipulation</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/AIBO/GqghPWrv">AIBO</a>, the robot pet for the home, grew out of Sony's Computer Science Laboratory (CSL).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Cog_(project)/bXuKLP8q">Cog</a>, a robot developed by <a href="/facts/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology/Xk49vNA8">MIT</a> to study theories of <a href="/facts/Cognitive_science/8qoggl7r">cognitive science</a> and artificial intelligence, now discontinued.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a></li></ul> <h3>Music</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Melomics/n5gNs42e">Melomics</a>, a bioinspired technology for music composition and synthesization of music, where computers develop their own style, rather than mimic musicians.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a></li></ul> <h3>Natural language processing</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Artificial_Intelligence_Markup_Language/vh5ydmbl">AIML</a>, an <a href="/facts/XML/clNgUfWk">XML</a> dialect for creating <a href="/facts/Natural_language/B4gLS7Kd">natural language</a> software agents.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Apache_Lucene/tPQ0D39Y">Apache Lucene</a>, a high-performance, full-featured text search engine library written entirely in Java.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49"><sup>49</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/OpenNLP/dDUPnuzz">Apache OpenNLP</a>, a machine learning based toolkit for the processing of natural language text. It supports the most common NLP tasks, such as tokenization, sentence segmentation, part-of-speech tagging, named entity extraction, chunking and parsing.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50"><sup>50</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Artificial_Linguistic_Internet_Computer_Entity/frCI74CS">Artificial Linguistic Internet Computer Entity</a> (A.L.I.C.E.), a natural language processing <a href="/facts/Chatterbot/kASkMjs7">chatterbot</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51"><sup>51</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/ChatGPT/ptB1y6J5">ChatGPT</a>, a chatbot built on top of OpenAI's <a href="/facts/GPT-3/MlKhkbSe">GPT-3.5</a> and <a href="/facts/GPT-4/MuXdd4sW">GPT-4</a> family of <a href="/facts/Large_language_model/WnogWVJY">large language models</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52"><sup>52</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Claude_(language_model)/9Dnt4VJH">Claude</a>, a family of large language models developed by <a href="/facts/Anthropic/FXX5Mz8r">Anthropic</a> and launched in 2023. Claude LLMs achieved high coding scores in several recognized LLM benchmarks. <a href="https://www.swebench.com/">[1]</a> <a href="https://paperswithcode.com/sota/code-generation-on-humaneval">[2]</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Cleverbot/LdgdtIhq">Cleverbot</a>, successor to Jabberwacky, now with 170m lines of conversation, Deep Context, fuzziness and parallel processing. Cleverbot learns from around 2 million user interactions per month.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53"><sup>53</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/ELIZA/e2Frdz7f">ELIZA</a>, a famous 1966 computer program by <a href="/facts/Joseph_Weizenbaum/Sy2f7I4h">Joseph Weizenbaum</a>, which parodied <a href="/facts/Person-centered_therapy/GULq0w4S">person-centered therapy</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54"><sup>54</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/FreeHAL/hXpzIP6X">FreeHAL</a>, a self-learning conversation simulator (<a href="/facts/Chatterbot/kASkMjs7">chatterbot</a>) which uses semantic nets to organize its knowledge to imitate a very close human behavior within conversations.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55"><sup>55</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Gemini_(language_model)/eD5D8xBo">Gemini</a>, a family of multimodal large language model developed by Google's <a href="/facts/DeepMind/n5ehBwCx">DeepMind</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56"><sup>56</sup></a> Drives the <a href="/facts/Gemini_(chatbot)/Kwfa4rMW">Gemini chatbot</a>, formerly known as Bard.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57"><sup>57</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/GigaChat/WeqhPjuU">GigaChat</a>, a chatbot by Russian <a href="/facts/Sberbank/W71HacCY">Sberbank</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58"><sup>58</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/GPT-3/MlKhkbSe">GPT-3</a>, a 2020 language model developed by <a href="/facts/OpenAI/V7WVK1t4">OpenAI</a> that can produce text difficult to distinguish from that written by a human.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59"><sup>59</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Jabberwacky/n5lShuKC">Jabberwacky</a>, a chatbot by <a href="/facts/Rollo_Carpenter/VdgAfcR7">Rollo Carpenter</a>, aiming to simulate natural human chat.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60"><sup>60</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/LaMDA/zdm8qbkj">LaMDA</a>, a family of conversational <a href="/facts/Neural_language_model/FntSpg0j">neural language models</a> developed by <a href="/facts/Google/GT9Sugza">Google</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61"><sup>61</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Llama_(language_model)/rmrWj35n">LLaMA</a>, a 2023 language model family developed by <a href="/facts/Meta_Platforms/ylApt16y">Meta</a> that includes 7, 13, 33 and 65 billion parameter models.<a href="https://ai.meta.com/blog/large-language-model-llama-meta-ai/">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Mycroft_(software)/VhyGdNCD">Mycroft</a>, a free and open-source intelligent personal assistant that uses a natural language user interface.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62"><sup>62</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/PARRY/PwDRceo7">PARRY</a>, another early chatterbot, written in 1972 by Kenneth Colby, attempting to simulate a paranoid schizophrenic.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63"><sup>63</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/SHRDLU/3l6Tu7np">SHRDLU</a>, an early natural language processing computer program developed by <a href="/facts/Terry_Winograd/RsMmt7R9">Terry Winograd</a> at <a href="/facts/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology/Xk49vNA8">MIT</a> from 1968 to 1970.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64"><sup>64</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/SYSTRAN/7SsJPH2T">SYSTRAN</a>, a <a href="/facts/Machine_translation/DGF3NwuI">machine translation</a> technology by the company of the same name, used by <a href="/facts/Yahoo!/nKhTaV3M">Yahoo!</a>, <a href="/facts/AltaVista/X0C5ts5p">AltaVista</a> and <a href="/facts/Google/GT9Sugza">Google</a>, among others.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65"><sup>65</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/DBRX/GSljqfUy">DBRX</a>, 136 billion parameter open sourced large language model developed by <a href="/facts/Mosaic_ML/I7xrlu8m">Mosaic ML</a> and <a href="/facts/Databricks/I7xrlu8m">Databricks</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66"><sup>66</sup></a></li></ul> <h3>Speech recognition</h3> <p class="note">Further information: <a href="/facts/List_of_speech_recognition_software/0BnS5lKp">List of speech recognition software</a></p> <ul><li><a href="/facts/CMU_Sphinx/c9x02dgJ">CMU Sphinx</a>, a group of speech recognition systems developed at Carnegie Mellon University.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67"><sup>67</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/DeepSpeech/z7S7Pgk6">DeepSpeech</a>, an <a href="/facts/Open_source/7X9rCdz4">open-source</a> Speech-To-Text engine based on Baidu's deep speech research paper.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68"><sup>68</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Whisper_(speech_recognition_system)/sRoHwvmv">Whisper</a>, an open-source speech recognition system developed at OpenAI.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69"><sup>69</sup></a></li></ul> <h3>Speech synthesis</h3> <p class="note">Further information: <a href="/facts/Comparison_of_speech_synthesizers/tABdlqot">Comparison of speech synthesizers</a></p> <ul><li><a href="/facts/15.ai/7mLlwU0j">15.ai</a>, a real-time artificial intelligence text-to-speech tool developed by an anonymous researcher from <a href="/facts/MIT/Xk49vNA8">MIT</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70"><sup>70</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Amazon_Polly/AUveWqxw">Amazon Polly</a>, a speech synthesis software by Amazon.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71"><sup>71</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Festival_Speech_Synthesis_System/qVhKThJC">Festival Speech Synthesis System</a>, a general multi-lingual speech synthesis system developed at the Centre for Speech Technology Research (CSTR) at the University of Edinburgh.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72"><sup>72</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/WaveNet/AGgv3qvj">WaveNet</a>, a deep neural network for generating raw audio.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:73" href="#fn:73"><sup>73</sup></a></li></ul> <h3>Video</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/HeyGen/Fp4Mtuvw">HeyGen</a> is a video creation platform that generates digital avatars that recite and translate text inputs into varying languages.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:74" href="#fn:74"><sup>74</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Synthesia_(company)/bDh4ntcP">Synthesia</a> is a video creation and editing platform, with AI-generated avatars that resemble real human beings.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:75" href="#fn:75"><sup>75</sup></a></li></ul> <h3>Other</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/1_the_Road/LTDa39gg">1 the Road</a>, the first novel marketed by an AI.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:76" href="#fn:76"><sup>76</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/AlphaFold/DwBhppKC">AlphaFold</a> is a deep learning based system developed by <a href="/facts/DeepMind/n5ehBwCx">DeepMind</a> for <a href="/facts/Protein_structure_prediction/sj6AbLjI">prediction of protein structure</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:77" href="#fn:77"><sup>77</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Otter.ai/7LyGDFal">Otter.ai</a> is a speech-to-text synthesis and summary platform, which allows users to record online meetings as text. It additionally creates live captions during meetings.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:78" href="#fn:78"><sup>78</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Synthetic_Environment_for_Analysis_and_Simulations/pcFz2zVH">Synthetic Environment for Analysis and Simulations</a> (SEAS), a model of the real world used by <a href="/facts/Homeland_security/Uz6ITRXM">Homeland security</a> and the <a href="/facts/United_States_Department_of_Defense/dWAvf7e3">United States Department of Defense</a> that uses <a href="/facts/Simulation/Q4QJV1oI">simulation</a> and AI to predict and evaluate future events and courses of action.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:79" href="#fn:79"><sup>79</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="multipurpose-projects">Multipurpose projects</h2> <h3>Software libraries</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Apache_Mahout/VzhvrmQL">Apache Mahout</a>, a library of scalable machine learning algorithms.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:80" href="#fn:80"><sup>80</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Deeplearning4j/chxHLqJs">Deeplearning4j</a>, an open-source, distributed <a href="/facts/Deep_learning/JLuwD3ea">deep learning</a> framework written for the JVM.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:81" href="#fn:81"><sup>81</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Keras/oEGGkgN0">Keras</a>, a high level open-source software library for machine learning (works on top of other libraries).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:82" href="#fn:82"><sup>82</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Microsoft_Cognitive_Toolkit/RxQwBsmU">Microsoft Cognitive Toolkit</a> (previously known as CNTK), an open source toolkit for building <a href="/facts/Artificial_neural_network/6V1jMlkx">artificial neural networks</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:83" href="#fn:83"><sup>83</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/OpenNN/h15w3VlK">OpenNN</a>, a comprehensive C++ library implementing neural networks.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:84" href="#fn:84"><sup>84</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/PyTorch/4Gv1t13B">PyTorch</a>, an open-source Tensor and Dynamic neural network in Python.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:85" href="#fn:85"><sup>85</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/TensorFlow/kDwfBeNd">TensorFlow</a>, an open-source software library for machine learning.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:86" href="#fn:86"><sup>86</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Theano_(software)/Ydap6eEv">Theano</a>, a Python library and optimizing compiler for manipulating and evaluating mathematical expressions, especially matrix-valued ones.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:87" href="#fn:87"><sup>87</sup></a></li></ul> <h3>GUI frameworks</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Neural_Designer/8G4ntpSX">Neural Designer</a>, a commercial <a href="/facts/Deep_learning/JLuwD3ea">deep learning</a> tool for <a href="/facts/Predictive_analytics/tbqzk5qe">predictive analytics</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:88" href="#fn:88"><sup>88</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Neuroph/7FnRcQpm">Neuroph</a>, a Java neural network framework.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:89" href="#fn:89"><sup>89</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/OpenCog/HS2MMBp3">OpenCog</a>, a GPL-licensed framework for artificial intelligence written in C++, Python and Scheme.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:90" href="#fn:90"><sup>90</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/PolyAnalyst/t57eW1yK">PolyAnalyst</a>: A commercial tool for data mining, <a href="/facts/Text_mining/5QsIa3Cz">text mining</a>, and <a href="/facts/Knowledge_management/RjjnVmRe">knowledge management</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:91" href="#fn:91"><sup>91</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/RapidMiner/F7jGMflS">RapidMiner</a>, an environment for machine learning and <a href="/facts/Data_mining/AH53q5ac">data mining</a>, now developed commercially.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:92" href="#fn:92"><sup>92</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Weka_(machine_learning)/NE2IqoqX">Weka</a>, a free implementation of many machine learning algorithms in Java.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:93" href="#fn:93"><sup>93</sup></a></li></ul> <h3>Cloud services</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Data_Applied/T74brakg">Data Applied</a>, a web based <a href="/facts/Data_mining/AH53q5ac">data mining</a> environment.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:94" href="#fn:94"><sup>94</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Watson_(computer)/xub4UvVx">Watson</a>, a pilot service by <a href="/facts/IBM/QszA7nwd">IBM</a> to uncover and share data-driven insights, and to spur cognitive applications.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:95" href="#fn:95"><sup>95</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Comparison_of_cognitive_architectures/mGWNHTVJ">Comparison of cognitive architectures</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Comparison_of_deep-learning_software/NJypbDKA">Comparison of deep-learning software</a></li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://github.com/search?q=artificial+intelligence&ref=searchresults&type=Repositories">AI projects</a> on <a href="/facts/GitHub/n1hNCsc3">GitHub</a></li> <li><a href="http://sourceforge.net/directory/freshness:recently-updated/?q=artificial%20intelligence">AI projects</a> on <a href="/facts/SourceForge/lxYAgUAX">SourceForge</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Graham-Rowe, Duncan. 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