Menu
Home Explore People Places Arts History Plants & Animals Science Life & Culture Technology
On this page

Google Chrome is a web browser developed by Google, first released in 2008 for Microsoft Windows and later for Linux, macOS, iOS, and Android, where it is the default browser. Built using free software components from Apple WebKit, Chrome now uses Google's Blink engine. Its source code mainly comes from the open-source Chromium project, though Chrome itself is proprietary freeware. As of April 2024, Chrome holds a 65% global browser market share across all platforms, making it the most used browser worldwide. The "Chrome" brand also extends to products like Chromecast, Chromebook, and ChromeOS, where it serves as the platform for web applications.

Related Image Collections Add Image
Profiles
1 Image
We don't have any YouTube videos related to Google Chrome yet.
We don't have any PDF documents related to Google Chrome yet.
We don't have any Books related to Google Chrome yet.

History

See also: History of Google

Google chief executive Eric Schmidt opposed the development of an independent web browser for six years. He stated that "at the time, Google was a small company", and he did not want to go through "bruising browser wars". Company co-founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page hired several Mozilla Firefox developers and built a demonstration of Chrome. Afterwards, Schmidt said, "It was so good that it essentially forced me to change my mind."11

In September 2004, rumors of Google building a web browser first appeared. Online journals and U.S. newspapers stated at the time that Google was hiring former Microsoft web developers among others. It also came shortly after the release of Mozilla Firefox 1.0, which was surging in popularity and taking market share from Internet Explorer, which had noted security problems.12

Chrome is based on the open-source code of the Chromium project.13 Development of the browser began in 2006,14 spearheaded by Sundar Pichai.15 Chrome was "largely developed" in Google's Kitchener office.16

Announcement

The release announcement was originally scheduled for September 3, 2008, and a comic by Scott McCloud was to be sent to journalists and bloggers explaining the features within the new browser.17 Copies intended for Europe were shipped early and German blogger Philipp Lenssen of Google Blogoscoped made a scanned copy of the 38-page comic available on his website after receiving it on September 1, 2008.1819 Google subsequently made the comic available on Google Books,20 and mentioned it on their official blog along with an explanation for the early release.21 The product was named "Chrome" as an initial development project code name, because it is associated with fast cars and speed. Google kept the development project name as the final release name, as a "cheeky" or ironic moniker, as one of the main aims was to minimize the user interface chrome.22

Public release

The browser was first publicly released, officially as a beta version,23 on September 2, 2008, for Windows XP and newer, and with support for 43 languages, and later as a "stable" public release on December 11, 2008. On that same day, a CNET news item drew attention to a passage in the Terms of Service statement for the initial beta release, which seemed to grant to Google a license to all content transferred via the Chrome browser.24 This passage was inherited from the general Google terms of service.25 Google responded to this criticism immediately by stating that the language used was borrowed from other products, and removed this passage from the Terms of Service.26

Chrome quickly gained about 1% usage share.272829 After the initial surge, usage share dropped until it hit a low of 0.69% in October 2008. It then started rising again and by December 2008, Chrome again passed the 1% threshold.30 In early January 2009, CNET reported that Google planned to release versions of Chrome for macOS and Linux in the first half of the year.31 The first official macOS and Linux developer previews of Chrome were announced on June 4, 2009,32 with a blog post saying they were missing many features and were intended for early feedback rather than general use.33 In December 2009, Google released beta versions of Chrome for macOS and Linux.3435 Google Chrome 5.0, announced on May 25, 2010, was the first stable release to support all three platforms.36

Chrome was one of the twelve browsers offered on BrowserChoice.eu to European Economic Area users of Microsoft Windows in 2010.37

Development

Chrome was assembled from 25 different code libraries from Google and third parties such as Mozilla's Netscape Portable Runtime, Network Security Services, NPAPI (dropped as of version 45),38 Skia Graphics Engine, SQLite, and a number of other open-source projects.39 The V8 JavaScript virtual machine was considered a sufficiently important project to be split off (as was Adobe/Mozilla's Tamarin) and handled by a separate team in Denmark coordinated by Lars Bak. According to Google, existing implementations were designed "for small programs, where the performance and interactivity of the system weren't that important", but web applications such as Gmail "are using the web browser to the fullest when it comes to DOM manipulations and JavaScript", and therefore would significantly benefit from a JavaScript engine that could work faster.

Chrome initially used the WebKit rendering engine to display web pages. In 2013, they forked the WebCore component to create their own layout engine Blink. Based on WebKit, Blink only uses WebKit's "WebCore" components, while substituting other components, such as its own multi-process architecture, in place of WebKit's native implementation.40 Chrome is internally tested with unit testing, automated testing of scripted user actions, fuzz testing, as well as WebKit's layout tests (99% of which Chrome is claimed to have passed), and against commonly accessed websites inside the Google index within 20–30 minutes.41 Google created Gears for Chrome, which added features for web developers typically relating to the building of web applications, including offline support.42 Google phased out Gears as the same functionality became available in the HTML5 standards.43

In March 2011, Google introduced a new simplified logo to replace the previous 3D logo that had been used since the project's inception. Google designer Steve Rura explained the company reasoning for the change: "Since Chrome is all about making your web experience as easy and clutter-free as possible, we refreshed the Chrome icon to better represent these sentiments. A simpler icon embodies the Chrome spirit – to make the web quicker, lighter, and easier for all."44

On January 11, 2011, the Chrome product manager, Mike Jazayeri, announced that Chrome would remove H.264 video codec support for its HTML5 player, citing the desire to bring Google Chrome more in line with the currently available open codecs available in the Chromium project, which Chrome is based on.45 Despite this, on November 6, 2012, Google released a version of Chrome on Windows which added hardware-accelerated H.264 video decoding.46 In October 2013, Cisco announced that it was open-sourcing its H.264 codecs, and it would cover all fees required.47

On February 7, 2012, Google launched Google Chrome Beta for Android 4.0 devices.48 On many new devices with Android 4.1 or later preinstalled, Chrome is the default browser.49 In May 2017, Google announced a version of Chrome for augmented reality and virtual reality devices.50

Features

Google Chrome features a minimalistic user interface, with its user-interface principles later being implemented into other browsers. For example, the merging of the address bar and search bar into the omnibox or omnibar5152 Chrome also has a reputation for strong browser performance.5354

Web standards support

The first release of Google Chrome passed both the Acid1 and Acid2 tests. Beginning with version 4.0, Chrome passed all aspects of the Acid3 test,55 However as of April 2017 Chrome no longer passes Acid3 due to changing consensus on Web standards.5657

As of May 2011, Chrome has very good support for JavaScript/ECMAScript according to Ecma International's ECMAScript standards conformance Test 26258 (version ES5.1 May 18, 2012). This test reports as the final score the number of tests a browser failed; hence lower scores are better. In this test, Chrome version 37 scored 10 failed/11,578 passed. For comparison, Firefox 19 scored 193 failed/11,752 passed and Internet Explorer 9 had a score of 600+ failed, while Internet Explorer 10 had a score of 7 failed.

In 2011, on the official CSS 2.1 test suite by standardization organization W3C, WebKit, the Chrome rendering engine, passed 89.75% (89.38% out of 99.59% covered) CSS 2.1 tests.59

On the HTML5 web standards test, Chrome 41 scored 518 out of 555 points, placing it ahead of the five most popular desktop browsers.6061 Chrome 41 on Android scored 510 out of 555 points.626364 Chrome 44 scored 526, only 29 points less than the maximum score.65

User interface

By default, the main user interface includes back, forward, refresh/cancel and menu buttons. A home button is not shown by default, but can be added through the Settings page to take the user to the new tab page or a custom home page.66

Tabs are the main component of Chrome's user interface and have been moved to the top of the window rather than below the controls. This subtle change contrasts with many existing tabbed browsers which are based on windows and contain tabs. Tabs, with their state, can be transferred between window containers by dragging. Each tab has its own set of controls, including the Omnibox.67

The Omnibox is a URL box that combines the functions of both the address bar and search box. If a user enters the URL of a site previously searched from, Chrome allows pressing Tab to search the site again directly from the Omnibox. When a user starts typing in the Omnibox, Chrome provides suggestions for previously visited sites (based on the URL or in-page text), popular websites (not necessarily visited before – powered by Google Instant), and popular searches. Although Instant can be turned off, suggestions based on previously visited sites cannot be turned off. Chrome will also autocomplete the URLs of sites visited often.68 If a user types keywords into the Omnibox that do not match any previously visited websites and presses enter, Chrome will conduct the search using the default search engine.

One of Chrome's differentiating features is the New Tab Page, which can replace the browser home page and is displayed when a new tab is created. Originally, this showed thumbnails of the nine most visited websites, along with frequent searches, recent bookmarks, and recently closed tabs; similar to Internet Explorer and Firefox with Google Toolbar, or Opera's Speed Dial.69 In Google Chrome 2.0, the New Tab Page was updated to allow users to hide thumbnails they did not want to appear.70

Starting in version 3.0, the New Tab Page was revamped to display thumbnails of the eight most visited websites. The thumbnails could be rearranged, pinned, and removed. Alternatively, a list of text links could be displayed instead of thumbnails. It also features a "Recently closed" bar that shows recently closed tabs and a "tips" section that displays hints and tricks for using the browser.71 Starting with Google Chrome 3.0, users can install themes to alter the appearance of the browser.72 Many free third-party themes are provided in an online gallery,73 accessible through a "Get themes" button in Chrome's options.74

Chrome includes a bookmarks submenu that lists the user's bookmarks, provides easy access to Chrome's Bookmark Manager, and allows the user to toggle a bookmarks bar on or off.

On January 2, 2019, Google introduced Native Dark Theme for Chrome on Windows 10.75

In 2023, it was announced that Chrome would be completely revamped, using Google's Material You design language, the revamp would include more rounded corners, Chrome colors being swapped out for a similar dynamic color system introduced in Android 12, a revamped address bar, new icons and tabs, and a more simplified 3 dot menu.76

Built-in tools

Starting with Google Chrome 4.1, the application added a built-in translation bar using Google Translate. Language translation is currently available for 52 languages.77 When Chrome detects a foreign language other than the user's preferred language set during the installation time, it asks the user whether or not to translate.

Chrome allows users to synchronize their bookmarks, history, and settings across all devices with the browser installed by sending and receiving data through a chosen Google Account, which in turn updates all signed-in instances of Chrome. This can be authenticated either through Google credentials, or a sync passphrase.

For web developers, Chrome has an element inspector which allows users to look into the DOM and see what makes up the webpage.78

Chrome has special URLs that load application-specific pages instead of websites or files on disk. Chrome also has a built-in ability to enable experimental features. Originally called about:labs, the address was changed to about:flags to make it less obvious to casual users.7980

The desktop edition of Chrome is able to save pages as HTML with assets in a "_files" subfolder, or as unprocessed HTML-only document. It also offers an option to save in the MHTML format.81

Desktop shortcuts and apps

Chrome allows users to make local desktop shortcuts that open web applications in the browser. The browser, when opened in this way, contains none of the regular interface except for the title bar, so as not to "interrupt anything the user is trying to do". This allows web applications to run alongside local software (similar to Mozilla Prism and Fluid).82

This feature, according to Google, would be enhanced with the Chrome Web Store, a one-stop web-based web applications directory which opened in December 2010.8384

In September 2013, Google started making Chrome apps "For your desktop". This meant offline access, desktop shortcuts, and less dependence on Chrome—apps launch in a window separate from Chrome, and look more like native applications.85

Chrome Web Store

Main article: Chrome Web Store

Announced on December 7, 2010, the Chrome Web Store allows users to install web applications as extensions to the browser, although most of these extensions function simply as links to popular web pages or games, some of the apps like Springpad do provide extra features like offline access. The themes and extensions have also been tightly integrated into the new store, allowing users to search the entire catalog of Chrome extras.86

The Chrome Web Store was opened on February 11, 2011, with the release of Google Chrome 9.0.87

Extensions

Browser extensions are able to modify Google Chrome. They are supported by the browser's desktop edition,88 but not on mobile. These extensions are written using web technologies like HTML, JavaScript, and CSS.89 They are distributed through Chrome Web Store,90 initially known as the Google Chrome Extensions Gallery.91 Some extensions focus on providing accessibility features. Google Tone is an extension developed by Google that when enabled, can use a computer's speakers to exchange URLs with nearby computers with an Internet connection that have the extension enabled as well.9293

On September 9, 2009, Google enabled extensions by default on Chrome's developer channel, and provided several sample extensions for testing.94 In December, the Google Chrome Extensions Gallery beta began with approximately 300 extensions.9596 It was launched on January 25, 2010, along with Google Chrome 4.0, containing approximately 1500 extensions.97

In 2014, Google started preventing some Windows users from installing extensions not hosted on the Chrome Web Store.9899 The following year Google reported a "75% drop in customer support help requests for uninstalling unwanted extensions" which led them to expand this restriction to all Windows and Mac users.100

Manifest V3

See also: § Criticism of Manifest V3

In October 2018, Google announced a major future update to Chrome's extension API, known as "Manifest V3" (in reference to the manifest file contained within extensions). Manifest V3 is intended to modernize the extension architecture and improve the security and performance of the browser; it adopts declarative APIs to "decrease the need for overly-broad access and enable more performant implementation by the browser", replaces background pages with feature-limited "Service Workers" to reduce resource usage, and prohibits remotely-hosted code.101102103

Google faced a criticism for this change since it limits the number of rules and types of expressions that may be checked by adblockers. Additionally, the prohibition of remotely-hosted code will restrict the ability for adblocking filter lists to be updated independently of the extension itself.104105

Notable examples

See also: Category:Google Chrome extensions

Speed

The JavaScript virtual machine used by Chrome, the V8 JavaScript engine, has features such as dynamic code generation, hidden class transitions, and precise garbage collection.109

In 2008, several websites performed benchmark tests using the SunSpider JavaScript Benchmark tool as well as Google's own set of computationally intense benchmarks, which include ray tracing and constraint solving.110 They unanimously reported that Chrome performed much faster than all competitors against which it had been tested, including Safari (for Windows), Firefox 3.0, Internet Explorer 7, Opera, and Internet Explorer 8.111112113114115116 However, on October 11, 2010, independent tests of JavaScript performance, Chrome has been scoring just behind Opera's Presto engine since it was updated in version 10.5.117

On September 3, 2008, Mozilla responded by stating that their own TraceMonkey JavaScript engine (then in beta), was faster than Chrome's V8 engine in some tests.118119120 John Resig, Mozilla's JavaScript evangelist, further commented on the performance of different browsers on Google's own suite, commenting on Chrome's "decimating" of the other browsers, but he questioned whether Google's suite was representative of real programs. He stated that Firefox 3.0 performed poorly on recursion-intensive benchmarks, such as those of Google, because the Mozilla team had not implemented recursion-tracing yet.121

Two weeks after Chrome's launch in 2008, the WebKit team announced a new JavaScript engine, SquirrelFish Extreme,122 citing a 36% speed improvement over Chrome's V8 engine.123124125

Like most major web browsers, Chrome uses DNS prefetching to speed up website lookups,126 as do other browsers like Firefox,127 Safari,128 Internet Explorer (called DNS Pre-resolution),129 and in Opera as a UserScript (not built-in).130

Chrome formerly used their now-deprecated SPDY protocol instead of only HTTP131132 when communicating with servers that support it, such as Google services, Facebook, Twitter. SPDY support was removed in Chrome version 51. This was due to SPDY being replaced by HTTP/2, a standard that was based upon it.

In November 2019, Google said it was working on several "speed badging" systems that let visitors know why a page is taking time to show up. The variations include simple text warnings and more subtle signs that indicate a site is slow. No date has been given for when the badging system will be included with the Chrome browser.133

Chrome formerly supported a Data Saver feature for making pages load faster called Lite Mode.134 Previously, Chrome engineers Addy Osmani and Scott Little announced Lite Mode would automatically lazy-load images and iframes for faster page loads.135 Lite Mode was switched off in Chrome 100, citing a decrease in mobile data costs for many countries.136

Security

See also: Browser security

Chrome periodically retrieves updates of two blacklists (one for phishing and one for malware), and warns users when they attempt to visit a site flagged as potentially harmful. This service is also made available for use by others via a free public API called "Google Safe Browsing API".137

Chrome uses a process-allocation model to sandbox tabs.138 Using the principle of least privilege, each tab process cannot interact with critical memory functions (e.g. OS memory, user files) or other tab processes – similar to Microsoft's "Protected Mode" used by Internet Explorer 9 or greater. The Sandbox Team is said to have "taken this existing process boundary and made it into a jail". This enforces a computer security model whereby there are two levels of multilevel security (user and sandbox) and the sandbox can only respond to communication requests initiated by the user.139 On Linux sandboxing uses the seccomp mode.140141

In January 2015, TorrentFreak reported that using Chrome when connected to the internet using a VPN can be a serious security issue due to the browser's support for WebRTC.142

On September 9, 2016, it was reported that starting with Chrome 56, users will be warned when they visit insecure HTTP websites to encourage more sites to make the transition to HTTPS.143

On December 4, 2018, Google announced its Chrome 71 release with new security features, including a built-in ad featuring system. In addition, Google also announced its plan to crack down on websites that make people involuntarily subscribe to mobile subscription plans.144

On September 2, 2020, with the release of Chrome 85, Google extended support for Secure DNS in Chrome for Android. DNS-over-HTTPS (DoH), was designed to improve safety and privacy while browsing the web. Under the update, Chrome automatically switches to DNS-over-HTTPS (DoH), if the current DNS provider supports the feature.145

Password management

Windows

Since 2008, Chrome has been faulted for not including a master password to prevent casual access to a user's passwords. Chrome developers have indicated that a master password does not provide real security against determined hackers and have refused to implement one. Bugs filed on this issue have been marked "WontFix".146147 As of February 2014, Google Chrome asks the user to enter their Windows account password before showing saved passwords.148

Linux

On Linux, Google Chrome/Chromium can store passwords in three ways: GNOME Keyring, KWallet or plain text. Google Chrome/Chromium chooses which store to use automatically, based on the desktop environment in use.149 Passwords stored in GNOME Keyring or KWallet are encrypted on disk, and access to them is controlled by dedicated daemon software. Passwords stored in plain text are not encrypted. Because of this, when either GNOME Keyring or KWallet is in use, any unencrypted passwords that have been stored previously are automatically moved into the encrypted store. Support for using GNOME Keyring and KWallet was added in version 6, but using these (when available) was not made the default mode until version 12.

macOS

As of version 45, the Google Chrome password manager is no longer integrated with Keychain, since the interoperability goal is no longer possible.150

Security vulnerabilities

No security vulnerabilities in Chrome were exploited in the three years of Pwn2Own from 2009 to 2011.151 At Pwn2Own 2012, Chrome was defeated by a French team who used zero day exploits in the version of Flash shipped with Chrome to take complete control of a fully patched 64-bit Windows 7 PC using a booby-trapped website that overcame Chrome's sandboxing.152

Chrome was compromised twice at the 2012 CanSecWest Pwnium.153154155 Google's official response to the exploits was delivered by Jason Kersey, who congratulated the researchers, noting "We also believe that both submissions are works of art and deserve wider sharing and recognition."156 Fixes for these vulnerabilities were deployed within 10 hours of the submission.157158

A significant number of security vulnerabilities in Chrome occurred in the Adobe Flash Player. For example, the 2016 Pwn2Own successful attack on Chrome relied on four security vulnerabilities. Two of the vulnerabilities were in Flash, one was in Chrome, and one was in the Windows kernel.159 In 2016, Google announced that it was planning to phase out Flash Player in Chrome, starting in version 53. The first phase of the plan was to disable Flash for ads and "background analytics", with the ultimate goal of disabling it completely by the end of the year, except on specific sites that Google has deemed to be broken without it. Flash would then be re-enabled with the exclusion of ads and background analytics on a site-by-site basis.160

Leaked documents from 2013 to 2016 codenamed Vault 7 detail the capabilities of the United States Central Intelligence Agency, such as the ability to compromise web browsers (including Google Chrome).161162

Malware blocking and ad blocking

Google introduced download scanning protection in Chrome 17.163 In February 2018, Google introduced an ad blocking feature based on recommendations from the Interactive Advertising Bureau. Sites that employ invasive ads are given a 30-day warning, after which their ads will be blocked.164 Consumer Reports recommended users install dedicated ad-blocking tools instead, which offer increased security against malware and tracking.165

Plugins

  • Chrome supported, up to version 45, plug-ins with the Netscape Plugin Application Programming Interface (NPAPI),166 so that plug-ins (for example Adobe Flash Player) run as unrestricted separate processes outside the browser and cannot be sandboxed as tabs are. ActiveX is not supported.167 Since 2010, Adobe Flash has been integral to Chrome and does not need be installed separately. Flash is kept up to date as part of Chrome's own updates.168 Java applet support was available in Chrome with Java 6 update 12 and above.169 Support for Java under macOS was provided by a Java Update released on May 18, 2010.170
  • On August 12, 2009, Google introduced a replacement for NPAPI that is more portable and more secure171 called Pepper Plugin API (PPAPI).172 The default bundled PPAPI Flash Player (or Pepper-based Flash Player) was available on ChromeOS first, then replaced the NPAPI Flash Player on Linux from Chrome version 20, on Windows from version 21 (which also reduced Flash crashes by 20%),173 and eventually came to macOS at version 23.174
  • On September 23, 2013, Google announced that it would be deprecating and then removing NPAPI support. NPAPI support was removed from Linux in Chrome release 35.175 NPAPI plugins like Java can no longer work in Chrome (but there are workarounds for Flash by using PPAPI Flash Player on Linux including for Chromium).176
  • On April 14, 2015, Google released Chrome v42, disabling the NPAPI by default. This makes plugins that do not have a PPAPI plugin counterpart incompatible with Chrome, such as Java, Silverlight and Unity. However, NPAPI support could be enabled through the chrome://flags menu, until the release of version 45 on September 1, 2015, that removed NPAPI support entirely.177

Privacy

Incognito mode

"Incognito mode" redirects here. For the general term, see Private browsing. For other uses, see Incognito (disambiguation).

The private browsing feature called Incognito mode prevents the browser from locally storing any history information, cookies, site data, or form inputs.178 Downloaded files and bookmarks will be stored. In addition, user activity is not hidden from visited websites or the Internet service provider.179

Incognito mode is similar to the private browsing feature in other web browsers. It does not prevent saving in all windows: "You can switch between an incognito window and any regular windows you have open. You'll only be in incognito mode when you're using the incognito window".180

The iOS version of Chrome also supports the optional ability to lock incognito tabs with Face ID, Touch ID or the device's passcode.181

In 2024, Google agreed to destroy billions of records to settle a lawsuit claiming it secretly tracked the internet use of people who thought they were browsing privately in incognito mode.182

Do Not Track

In February 2012, Google announced that Chrome would implement the Do Not Track (DNT) standard to inform websites the user's desire not to be tracked. The protocol was implemented in version 23. In line with the W3's draft standard for DNT,183 it is turned off by default in Chrome.184

Stability

A multi-process architecture is implemented in Chrome where, by default, a separate process is allocated to each site instance and plugin.185 This procedure is termed process isolation,186 and raises security and stability by preventing tasks from interfering with each other. An attacker successfully gaining access to one application gains access to no others,187 and failure in one instance results in a Sad Tab screen of death, similar to the well-known Sad Mac, but only one tab crashes instead of the whole application. This strategy exacts a fixed per-process cost up front, but results in less memory bloat over time as fragmentation is confined to each instance and no longer needs further memory allocations.188 This architecture was later adopted in Safari189 and Firefox.190

Chrome includes a process management utility called Task Manager which lets users see what sites and plugins are using the most memory, downloading the most bytes and overusing the CPU and provides the ability to terminate them.191 Chrome Version 23 ensures its users an improved battery life for the systems supporting Chrome's GPU accelerated video decoding.192193

Release channels, cycles and updates

The first production release on December 11, 2008, marked the end of the initial Beta test period and the beginning of production. Shortly thereafter, on January 8, 2009, Google announced an updated release system with three channels: Stable (corresponding to the traditional production), Beta, and Developer preview (also called the "Dev" channel). Where there were before only two channels: Beta and Developer, now there were three. Concurrently, all Developer channel users were moved to the Beta channel along with the promoted Developer release. Google explained that now the Developer channel builds would be less stable and polished than those from the initial Google Chrome's Beta period. Beta users could opt back to the Developer channel as desired.

Each channel has its own release cycle and stability level. The Stable channel updated roughly quarterly, with features and fixes that passed "thorough" testing in the Beta channel. Beta updated roughly monthly, with "stable and complete" features migrated from the Developer channel. The Developer channel updated once or twice per week and was where ideas and features were first publicly exposed "(and sometimes fail) and can be very unstable at times". [Quoted remarks from Google's policy announcements.]194195196

On July 22, 2010, Google announced it would ramp up the speed at which it releases new stable versions; the release cycles were shortened from quarterly to six weeks for major Stable updates.197 Beta channel releases now come roughly at the same rate as Stable releases, though approximately one month in advance, while Dev channel releases appear roughly once or twice weekly, allowing time for basic release-critical testing.198 This faster release cycle also brought a fourth channel: the "Canary" channel, updated daily from a build produced at 09:00 UTC from the most stable of the last 40 revisions.199 The name refers to the practice of using canaries in coal mines, so if a change "kills" Chrome Canary, it will be blocked from migrating down to the Developer channel, at least until fixed in a subsequent Canary build.200 Canary is "the most bleeding-edge official version of Chrome and somewhat of a mix between Chrome dev and the Chromium snapshot builds". Canary releases run side by side with any other channel; it is not linked to the other Google Chrome installation and can therefore run different synchronization profiles, themes, and browser preferences. This ensures that fallback functionality remains even when some Canary updates may contain release-breaking bugs.201 It does not natively include the option to be the default browser, although on Windows and macOS it can be set through System Preferences. Canary was Windows-only at first; a macOS version was released on May 3, 2011.202

The Chrome beta channel for Android was launched on January 10, 2013; like Canary, it runs side by side with the stable channel for Android.203204 Chrome Dev for Android was launched on April 29, 2015.205

All Chrome channels are automatically distributed according to their respective release cycles. The mechanism differs by platform. On Windows, it uses Google Update, and auto-update can be controlled via Group Policy.206 Alternatively, users may download a standalone installer of a version of Chrome that does not auto-update.207208 On macOS, it uses Google Update Service, and auto-update can be controlled via the macOS "defaults" system.209 On Linux, it lets the system's normal package management system supply the updates. This auto-updating behavior is a key difference from Chromium, the non-branded open-source browser which forms the core of Google Chrome. Because Chromium also serves as the pre-release development trunk for Chrome, its revisions are provided as source code and buildable snapshots are produced continuously with each new commit, requiring users to manage their own browser updates.210

In March 2021, Google announced that starting with Chrome 94 in the third quarter of 2021, Google Chrome Stable releases will be made every four weeks, instead of six weeks as they have been since 2010. Also, Google announced a new release channel for system administrators and browser embedders with releases every eight weeks.211

Release version numbers

Releases are identified by a four-part version number, e.g. 42.0.2311.90 (Windows Stable release April 14, 2015212). The components are major.minor.build.patch.213214

Major.minor reflects scheduling policy Build.patch identifies content progression
  • Major represents a product release. These are scheduled 7–8 per year, unlike other software systems where the major version number updates only with substantial new content.
  • Minor is usually 0. References to version 'x' or 'x.0', e.g. 42.0, refer to this major.minor designation.
  • Build is ever increasing. For a release cycle, e.g. 42.0, there are several builds in the Canary and Developer period. The last build number from Developer is kept throughout Beta and Stable and is locked with the major.minor for that release.
  • Patch resets with each build, incrementing with each patch. The first patch is 0, but usually the first publicly released patch is somewhat higher. In Beta and Stable, only patch increments.

Chromium and Chrome release schedules are linked through Chromium (Major) version Branch Point dates, published annually.215 The Branch Points precede the final Chrome Developer build (initial) release by 4 days (nearly always) and the Chrome Stable initial release by roughly 53 days.216

Example: The version 42 Branch Point was February 20, 2015.217 Developer builds stopped advancing at build 2311 with release 42.0.2311.4 on February 24,218 4 days later. The first Stable release, 42.0.2311.90, was April 14, 2015,219 53 days after the Branch Point.

Color management

Main article: Color management

Chrome supports color management by using the system-provided ICC v2 and v4 support on macOS, and from version 22 supports ICC v2 profiles by default on other platforms.220

Dinosaur Game

Main article: Dinosaur Game

In Chrome, when not connected to the Internet and an error message displaying "No internet" is shown, on the top, an "8-bit" Tyrannosaurus rex is shown, but when pressing the space bar on a keyboard, mouse-clicking on it or tapping it on touch devices, the T-Rex instantly jumps once and dashes across a cactus-ridden desert, revealing it to be an Easter egg in the form of a platform game.221222223224 The game itself is an infinite runner, and there is no time limit in the game as it progresses faster and periodically tints to a black background. A school or enterprise manager can disable the game.225

Platforms

The current version of Chrome runs on:

As of April 2016, stable 32-bit and 64-bit builds are available for Windows, with only 64-bit stable builds available for Linux and macOS.229230231 64-bit Windows builds became available in the developer channel and as canary builds on June 3, 2014,232 in the beta channel on July 30, 2014,233 and in the stable channel on August 26, 2014.234 64-bit macOS builds became available as canary builds on November 7, 2013,235 in the beta channel on October 9, 2014,236 and in the stable channel on November 18, 2014.237

Starting with the release of version 89, Chrome will only be supported on Intel/Intel x86 and AMD processors with the SSE3 instruction set.238239240

  • view
  • talk
  • edit
Operating systemLatest versionSupport status
Windows10 or later, Server 2016 or later1372015–
7, Server 2008 R2, 8, Server 2012, 8.1 and Server 2012 R21092412009–2023
XP, Server 2003, Vista and Server 200849 (IA-32)2008–2016
macOSMonterey or later1372021–
Big Sur1372422020–2025
Catalina1282432019–2024
High Sierra and Mojave1162442017–2023
El Capitan and Sierra1032015–2022
Yosemite872452462014–2021
Mavericks672013–2018
Snow Leopard–Mountain Lion (x64)492009–2016
Snow Leopard (IA-32)382009–2014
Leopard (IA-32, x64)212008–2012
Linux (X11/Wayland)x641372008–
IA-32482008–2016
AndroidOreo or later1372017–
Nougat1192472016–2023
Marshmallow1062482015–2022
Lollipop952492014–2021
KitKat812502013–2020
Jelly Bean (ARMv7,IA-32,x64)712512012–2019
Ice Cream Sandwich (ARMv7,IA-32)422012–2015
iOS16.0 or later1372022–
15.x1252021–2024
14.x1132020–2023
13.x932019–2021
12.x922018–2021
11.x762017–2019
10.x712016–2019
9.x632015–2018
7.0-8.4472013–2016
6.x372012–2014
4.3-5.1292011–2013
3.0-4.2232009–2012
iPadOS16.0 or later1372022–
15.x1252021–2024
14.x1132020–2023
13.x932019–2021

Android

A beta version for Android 4.0 devices was launched on February 7, 2012, available for a limited number of countries from Google Play.252253

Notable features: synchronization with desktop Chrome to provide the same bookmarks and view the same browser tabs,254 page pre-rendering,255 hardware acceleration.256

Many of the latest HTML5 features: almost all of the Web Platform's features: GPU-accelerated canvas, including CSS 3D Transforms, CSS animations, SVG, WebSocket (including binary messages), Dedicated Workers; it has overflow scroll support, strong HTML5 video support, and new capabilities such as IndexedDB, WebWorkers, Application Cache and the File APIs, date- and time-pickers, parts of the Media Capture API.257258 Also supports mobile oriented features such as Device Orientation and Geolocation.259

Mobile customizations: swipe gesture tab switching,260 link preview allows zooming in on (multiple) links to ensure the desired one is clicked,261 font size boosting to ensure readability regardless of the zoom level.262

Features missing in the mobile version include sandboxed tabs,263 Safe Browsing,264 apps or extensions,265 Adobe Flash (now and in the future),266 Native Client,267 and the ability to export user data such a list of their opened tabs or their browsing history into portable local files.268

Development changes: remote debugging,269270 part of the browser layer has been implemented in Java, communicating with the rest of the Chromium and WebKit code through Java Native Bindings.271 The code of Chrome for Android is a fork of the Chromium project. It is a priority to upstream most new and modified code to Chromium and WebKit to resolve the fork.272

The April 17, 2012, update included availability in 31 additional languages and in all countries where Google Play is available. A desktop version of a website can also be requested as opposed to a mobile version. In addition, Android users can now add bookmarks to their Android home screens if they choose and decide which apps should handle links opened in Chrome.273

On June 27, 2012, Google Chrome for Android exited beta and became stable.274275

Chrome 18.0.1026311, released on September 26, 2012, was the first version of Chrome for Android to support mobile devices based on Intel x86.276

Starting from version 25, the Chrome version for Android is aligned with the desktop version, and usually new stable releases are available at the same time between the Android and the desktop version. Google released a separate Chrome for Android beta channel on January 10, 2013, with version 25.277 As of 2013 a separate beta version of Chrome is available in the Google Play Store – it can run side by side with the stable release.278

iOS and iPadOS

Chrome is available on Apple's mobile iOS and iPadOS operating systems. Released in the Apple App Store on June 26, 2012, it supports the iPad, iPhone, and iPod Touch, and the current version requires that the device has iOS 16.0 or greater installed.279 In accordance with Apple's requirements for browsers released through their App Store, this version of Chrome uses the iOS WebKit – which is Apple's own mobile rendering engine and components, developed for their Safari browser – therefore it is restricted from using Google's own V8 JavaScript engine.280281 Chrome is the default web browser for the iOS and iPadOS Gmail application.

In a review by Chitika, Chrome was noted as having 1.5% of the iOS web browser market as of July 18, 2012.282 In October 2013, Chrome had 3% of the iOS browser market.283[needs update]

Linux

On Linux distributions, support for 32-bit Intel processors ended in March 2016 although Chromium is still supported.284 As of Chrome version 26, Linux installations of the browser may be updated only on systems that support GCC v4.6 and GTK v2.24 or later. Thus deprecated systems include (for example) Debian 6's 2.20, and RHEL 6's 2.18.285

Windows

Support for Google Chrome on Windows XP and Windows Vista ended in April 2016.286 The last release of Google Chrome that can be run on Windows XP and Vista was version 49.0.2623.112,287 released on April 7, 2016,288 then re-released on April 11, 2016.289

Support for Google Chrome on Windows 7 was originally supposed to end upon on July 15, 2021.290 However, the date was moved back to January 15, 2022, due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Since enterprises took more time to migrate to Windows 10 or 11, the end of support date was pushed back again until January 15, 2023.291 Support for not only Windows 7, but also Windows 8 and 8.1 ended on this date. The last version to support these versions of Windows is Chrome 109.292293294

"Windows 8 mode" was introduced in 2012 and has since been discontinued. It was provided to the developer channel, which enabled Windows 8 and 8.1 users to run Chrome with a full-screen, tablet-optimized interface, with access to snapping, sharing, and search functionalities.295 In October 2013, Windows 8 mode on the developer channel changed to use a desktop environment mimicking the interface of ChromeOS with a dedicated windowing system and taskbar for web apps.296 This was removed on version 49 and users that have upgraded to Windows 10 will lose this feature.297

macOS

Google dropped support for Mac OS X 10.5 with the release of Chrome 22.298 Support for 32-bit versions of Chrome ended in November 2014 with the release of Chrome 39.299300301 Support for Mac OS X 10.6, OS X 10.7, and OS X 10.8 ended in April 2016 with the release of Chrome 50. Support for OS X 10.9 ended in April 2018 with the release of Chrome 66. Support for OS X 10.10 ended in January 2021 with the release of Chrome 88. Support for OS X 10.11 and macOS 10.12 ended in August 2022 with the release of Chrome 104. Support for macOS 10.13 and macOS 10.14 ended in September 2023 with the release of Chrome 117.302 Support for macOS 10.15 ended in September 2024 with the release of Chrome 129.303

ChromeOS

Main article: ChromeOS

Google Chrome is the basis of Google's ChromeOS operating system that ships on specific hardware from Google's manufacturing partners.304 The user interface has a minimalist design resembling the Google Chrome browser. ChromeOS is aimed at users who spend most of their computer time on the Web; the only applications on the devices are a browser incorporating a media player and a file manager.305306307308309

Google announced ChromeOS on July 7, 2009.310

Reception

Google Chrome was met with acclaim upon release. In 2008, Matthew Moore of The Daily Telegraph summarized the verdict of early reviewers: "Google Chrome is attractive, fast and has some impressive new features..."311

Initially, Microsoft reportedly played down the threat from Chrome and predicted that most people would embrace Internet Explorer 8. Opera Software said that "Chrome will strengthen the Web as the biggest application platform in the world".312 But by February 25, 2010, BusinessWeek had reported that "For the first time in years, energy and resources are being poured into browsers, the ubiquitous programs for accessing content on the Web. Credit for this trend – a boon to consumers – goes to two parties. The first is Google, whose big plans for the Chrome browser have shaken Microsoft out of its competitive torpor and forced the software giant to pay fresh attention to its own browser, Internet Explorer. Microsoft all but ceased efforts to enhance IE after it triumphed in the last browser war, sending Netscape to its doom. Now it's back in gear."313 Mozilla said that Chrome's introduction into the web browser market comes as "no real surprise", that "Chrome is not aimed at competing with Firefox", and furthermore that it would not affect Google's revenue relationship with Mozilla.314315

Chrome's design bridges the gap between desktop and so-called "cloud computing." At the touch of a button, Chrome lets you make a desktop, Start menu, or QuickLaunch shortcut to any Web page or Web application, blurring the line between what's online and what's inside your PC. For example, I created a desktop shortcut for Google Maps. When you create a shortcut for a Web application, Chrome strips away all of the toolbars and tabs from the window, leaving you with something that feels much more like a desktop application than like a Web application or page.

— PC World316

With its dominance in the web browser market, Google has been accused of using Chrome and Blink development to push new web standards that are proposed in-house by Google and subsequently implemented by its services first and foremost. These have led to performance disadvantages and compatibility issues with competing browsers, and in some cases, developers intentionally refusing to test their websites on any other browser than Chrome.317 Tom Warren of The Verge went as far as comparing Chrome to Internet Explorer 6, the default browser of Windows XP that was often targeted by competitors due to its similar ubiquity in the early 2000s.318 In 2021, computer scientist and lawyer Jonathan Mayer stated that Chrome has increasingly become an agent for Google LLC than a user agent, as it is "the only major web browser that lacks meaningful privacy protections by default, shoves users toward linking activity with a Google Account, and implements invasive new advertising capabilities."319

Criticism

Privacy

Incognito mode

A class-action lawsuit seeking $5 billion in damages was filed against Google in 2020 on the grounds it misled consumers into thinking it would not track them when using incognito mode, despite using various means to do so. In December 2023, a settlement was reportedly agreed to, with public disclosure expected in February 2024.320[needs update]

Listening capabilities

In June 2015, the Debian developer community discovered that Chromium 43 and Chrome 43 were programmed to download the Hotword Shared Module, which could enable the OK Google voice recognition extension, although by default it was "off". This raised privacy concerns in the media.321322 The module was removed in Chrome 45, which was released on September 1, 2015, and was only present in Chrome 43 and 44.323324

User tracking concerns

Chrome sends details about its users and their activities to Google through both optional and non-optional user tracking mechanisms.325326

Some of the tracking mechanisms can be optionally enabled and disabled through the installation interface327 and through the browser's options dialog.328 Unofficial builds, such as SRWare Iron, seek to remove these features from the browser altogether.329 The RLZ library, which is used to measure the success of marketing promotions, is not included in the Chromium browser either.330

In March 2010, Google devised a new method to collect installation statistics: the unique ID token included with Chrome is now used for only the first connection that Google Update makes to its server.331

The optional suggestion service included in Google Chrome has been criticized because it provides the information typed into the Omnibox to the search provider before the user even hits return. This allows the search engine to provide URL suggestions, but also provides them with web use information tied to an IP address.332

Chrome previously was able to suggest similar pages when a page could not be found. For this, in some cases Google servers were contacted.333 The feature has since been removed.

A 2019 review by Washington Post technology columnist Geoffrey A. Fowler found that in a typical week of browsing, Chrome allowed thousands more cookies to be stored than Mozilla Firefox. Fowler pointed out that because of its advertising businesses, despite the privacy controls it offers users, Google is a major producer of third-party cookies and has a financial interest in collecting user data; he recommended switching to Firefox, Apple Safari, or Chromium-based Brave.334

Tracking methods
Method335Information sentWhenOptional?Opt-in?
InstallationRandomly generated token included in an installer; used to measure the success rate of Google Chrome once at installation336

On installation

No—
RLZ identifier337Encoded string, according to Google, contains non-identifying information on where Chrome was downloaded from and its installation week; it is used to measure promotional campaigns;338 Google provides source code to decode this string339

Can be disabled in ChromeOS.340 For Chrome browsers running in all other operating systems:341

  • Desktop versions of Chrome can avoid it by downloading the browser directly from Google.
  • Mobile versions of Chrome always send the RLZ identifier on first launch.
  • On Google search query
  • On first launch and first use of address bar342
Partial343344No
clientID345Unique identifier along with user preferences, logs of use metrics and crashesUn­knownYes346Yes
Omnibox predictions347Text typed into the address bar is sent to the user's search engine when not in incognito mode. When in incognito mode, the suggestions are created on-device instead.348While typingYesNo
Google UpdateInformation about how often Chrome is used, details about the OS and Chrome versionPeriodicallyPartial349350No

IP Protection

In 2023, Google proposed a technology that claims to "hide the IP and traffic of its users" by routing Chrome traffic to Google servers. This has drawn criticism as all traffic is readily available for Google to use.351352

Advertising

Also tied with Google is its advertising business, which, given the vast market share of Chrome, sought to introduce features that protects this revenue stream, mainly the introduction of a cookie-tracking alternative named Federated Learning of Cohorts (FloC), which evolved into Topics, and Manifest V3 API changes for extensions.

FLoC

Main articles: Federated Learning of Cohorts and Privacy Sandbox § Criticism

In January 2021, Google stated it was making progress on developing privacy-friendly alternatives which would replace third-party cookies currently being used by advertisers and companies to track browsing habits. Google then promised to phase out the use of cookies in their web-browser in 2022, implementing their FLoC technology instead. The announcement triggered antitrust concerns from multiple countries for abusing the Chrome browser's market monopoly, with the U.K.'s Competition and Markets Authority and the European Commission both opening formal probes.353354355356 The FLoC proposal also drew criticism from DuckDuckGo, Brave, and the Electronic Frontier Foundation for underestimating the ability of the API to track users online.357358359360

On January 25, 2022, Google announced it had killed off development of its FLoC technologies and proposed the new Topics API to replace it. Topics is similarly intended to replace cookies, using one's weekly web activity to determine a set of five interests. Topics are supposed to refresh every three weeks, changing the type of ads served to the user and not retaining the gathered data.361362

Manifest V3

Manifest V3 has faced criticism for changes to the WebRequest API used by ad blocking and privacy extensions to block and modify network connections.363 The declarative version of WebRequest uses rules processed by the browser, rather than sending all network traffic through the extension, which Google stated would improve performance. However, DeclarativeWebRequest is limited in the number of rules that may be set, and the types of expressions that may be used.364 Additionally, the prohibition of remotely-hosted code will restrict the ability for filter lists to be updated independently of the extension itself. As the Chrome Web Store review process has an invariable length, filter lists may not be updated in a timely fashion.365366

Google has been accused of using Manifest V3 to inhibit ad blocking software due to its vested interest in the online advertising market.367 Google cited performance issues associated with WebRequest, as well as its use in malicious extensions. In June 2019, it announced that it would increase the aforementioned cap from 30,000 to 150,000 entries to help quell concerns about limitations to filtering rules.368369370371 In 2021, the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) issued a statement that Manifest V3 was "outright harmful to privacy efforts", as it would greatly limit the functionality of ad blocking extensions.372

In December 2022, Google announced the transition would be paused "in order to address developer feedback and deliver better solutions to migration issues." In November 2023, Google announced it would resume the transition to Manifest V3; support for Manifest V2 extensions would be removed entirely from non-stable builds of Chrome beginning June 2024.373374 Other Chromium-based web browsers will adopt Manifest V3, including Microsoft Edge.375 Manifest V3 support is being added to Mozilla Firefox's implementation of Chrome's extension API (WebExtensions) for compatibility reasons, but Mozilla has stated that its implementation would not contain limitations that affect privacy and content-blocking extensions, and that its implementation of V2 would not be deprecated.376

Anti-competition

In August 2024, a federal judge in Washington, D.C. ruled that Google maintained an illegal monopoly over search services.377 In November 2024, the US Department of Justice (DOJ) demanded that Google sell Chrome to stop Google from maintaining its monopoly in online search.378

Usage

Market share

Further information: Usage share of web browsers and Browser wars

Chrome overtook Firefox in November 2011, in worldwide usage. As of September 2022, according to StatCounter, Google Chrome had 67% worldwide desktop usage share, making it the most widely used web browser.379

It was reported by StatCounter, a web analytics company, that for the single day of Sunday, March 18, 2012, Chrome was the most used web browser in the world for the first time. Chrome secured 32.7% of the global web browsing on that day, while Internet Explorer followed closely behind with 32.5%.380

From May 14–21, 2012, Google Chrome was for the first time responsible for more Internet traffic than Microsoft's Internet Explorer, which long had held its spot as the most used web browser in the world.381 According to StatCounter, 31.88% of web traffic was generated by Chrome for a sustained period of one week and 31.47% by Internet Explorer. Though Chrome had topped Internet Explorer for a single day's usage in the past, this was the first time it had led for one full week.382

At the 2012 Google I/O developers' conference, Google claimed that there were 310 million active users of Chrome, almost double the number in 2011, which was stated as 160 million active users.383

In June 2013, according to StatCounter, Chrome overtook Internet Explorer for the first time in the US.384

In August 2013, Chrome was used by 43% of internet users worldwide. This study was done by Statista, which also noted that in North America, 36% of people use Chrome, the lowest in the world.385

Enterprise deployment

In December 2010, Google announced that to make it easier for businesses to use Chrome they would provide an official Chrome MSI package. For business use it is helpful to have full-fledged MSI packages that can be customized via transform files (.mst) – but the MSI provided with Chrome is only a very limited MSI wrapper fitted around the normal installer, and many businesses find that this arrangement does not meet their needs.386 The normal downloaded Chrome installer puts the browser in the user's local app data directory and provides invisible background updates, but the MSI package will allow installation at the system level, providing system administrators control over the update process387 – it was formerly possible only when Chrome was installed using Google Pack. Google also created group policy objects to fine-tune the behavior of Chrome in the business environment, for example by setting automatic updates intervals, disabling auto-updates, and configuring a home page.388 Until version 24 the software is known not to be ready for enterprise deployments with roaming profiles or Terminal Server/Citrix environments.389

In 2010, Google first started supporting Chrome in enterprise environments by providing an MSI wrapper around the Chrome installer. Google starting providing group policy objects, with more added each release,390 and today there are more than 500 policies available to control Chrome's behavior in enterprise environments.391 In 2016, Google launched Chrome Browser Enterprise Support, a paid service enabling IT admins access to Google experts to support their browser deployment.392 In 2019, Google launched Chrome Browser Cloud Management, a dashboard that gives business IT managers the ability to control content accessibility, app usage and browser extensions installed on its deployed computers.393

Chromium

Main article: Chromium (web browser)

In September 2008, Google released a large portion of Chrome's source code as an open-source project called Chromium. This move enabled third-party developers to study the underlying source code and to help port the browser to the macOS and Linux operating systems. The Google-authored portion of Chromium is released under the permissive BSD license.394 Other portions of the source code are subject to a variety of open-source licenses.395 Chromium is similar to Chrome, but lacks built-in automatic updates and a built-in Flash player, as well as Google branding and has a blue-colored logo instead of the multicolored Google logo.396397 Chromium does not implement user RLZ tracking.398399400 Initially, the Google Chrome PDF viewer, PDFium, was excluded from Chromium, but was later made open-source in May 2014.401402 PDFium can be used to fill PDF forms.403

Developing for Chrome

It is possible to develop applications, extensions, and themes for Chrome. They are zipped in a .crx file and contain a manifest.json file that specifies basic information (such as version, name, description, privileges, etc.), and other files for the user interface (icons, popups, etc.). Google has an official developer's guide on how to create, develop, and publish projects.404 Chrome has its own web store where users and developers can upload and download these applications and extensions.405

Impersonation by malware

As with Microsoft Internet Explorer, the popularity of Google Chrome has led to the appearance of malware abusing its name. In late 2015, an adware replica of Chrome named "eFast" appeared, which would usurp the Google Chrome installation and hijack file type associations to make shortcuts for common file types and communication protocols link to itself, and inject advertisements into web pages. Its similar-looking icon was intended to deceive users.406407408

See also

  • Internet portal

Notes

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Google Chrome.

References

  1. Ashford, Warwick (September 2, 2008). "Google launches beta version of Chrome web browser". Archived from the original on April 11, 2021. https://archive.today/20210411080810/https://www.computerweekly.com/news/2240086779/Google-launches-beta-version-of-Chrome-web-browser ↩

  2. "Google Chrome for Android". developer.chrome.com. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved June 20, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201118040741/https://developer.chrome.com/multidevice/android/overview ↩

  3. "Google Chrome and Chrome OS Additional Terms of Service". www.google.com. Archived from the original on January 24, 2018. Retrieved August 25, 2020."Stable Channel Update". googlechromereleases.blogspot.com. Archived from the original on October 19, 2016. Retrieved August 10, 2016. https://www.google.com/intl/en/chrome/terms/ ↩

  4. Bright, Peter (April 3, 2013). "Google going its own way, forking WebKit rendering engine". Ars Technica. Conde Nast. Archived from the original on December 21, 2020. Retrieved March 9, 2017. https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2013/04/google-going-its-own-way-forking-webkit-rendering-engine/ ↩

  5. "Open-sourcing Chrome on iOS!". 2017. Archived from the original on April 25, 2021. Retrieved April 26, 2021. https://blog.chromium.org/2017/01/open-sourcing-chrome-on-ios.html ↩

  6. "Desktop Browser Market Share Worldwide". StatCounter Global Stats. Archived from the original on February 6, 2022. Retrieved April 11, 2024. https://gs.statcounter.com/browser-market-share/desktop/worldwide/ ↩

  7. "Tablet Browser Market Share Worldwide". StatCounter Global Stats. Archived from the original on October 14, 2020. Retrieved October 13, 2021. https://gs.statcounter.com/browser-market-share/tablet/worldwide/#monthly-202003-202109 ↩

  8. "Tablet Browser Market Share Worldwide". StatCounter Global Stats. Archived from the original on October 14, 2020. Retrieved March 15, 2021. https://gs.statcounter.com/browser-market-share/tablet/worldwide/#weekly-202053-202109 ↩

  9. "Browser Market Share Worldwide (Jan 2009 – September 2021)". Archived from the original on October 11, 2017. Retrieved October 13, 2021. https://gs.statcounter.com/browser-market-share#monthly-200901-202109 ↩

  10. Angwin, Julia (July 9, 2009). "Sun Valley: Schmidt Didn't Want to Build Chrome Initially, He Says". WSJ Digits Blog. Archived from the original on August 5, 2020. Retrieved May 25, 2010."How Chrome is helping enterprises still using Windows 7". Google Cloud Blog. Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved January 15, 2020. /wiki/Julia_Angwin ↩

  11. Angwin, Julia (July 9, 2009). "Sun Valley: Schmidt Didn't Want to Build Chrome Initially, He Says". WSJ Digits Blog. Archived from the original on August 5, 2020. Retrieved May 25, 2010."How Chrome is helping enterprises still using Windows 7". Google Cloud Blog. Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved January 15, 2020. /wiki/Julia_Angwin ↩

  12. "Rumours surround Google browser". September 23, 2004. Archived from the original on September 24, 2022. Retrieved February 15, 2022 – via news.bbc.co.uk. https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/3680942.stm ↩

  13. Ashford, Warwick (September 2, 2008). "Google launches beta version of Chrome web browser". Archived from the original on April 11, 2021. https://archive.today/20210411080810/https://www.computerweekly.com/news/2240086779/Google-launches-beta-version-of-Chrome-web-browser ↩

  14. Kurtuldu, Mustafa (September 8, 2018). "How we designed Chrome 10 years ago". googleblog.com. Archived from the original on April 11, 2021. https://archive.today/20210411115420/https://blog.chromium.org/2018/09/how-we-designed-chrome-10-years-ago.html ↩

  15. Bhardwaj, Prachi (June 29, 2018). "Larry Page has a reputation for pushing people at Google". Business Insider. Archived from the original on January 19, 2023. Retrieved January 3, 2020. https://www.businessinsider.com/larry-page-google-chrome-sundar-pichai-goals-2018-6 ↩

  16. Howitt, Chuck (2019). BlackBerry town : how high tech success has played out for Canada's Kitchener-Waterloo. Toronto: James Lorimer & Company Ltd. p. 212. ISBN 978-1-4594-1438-9. OCLC 1110109511. 978-1-4594-1438-9 ↩

  17. McCloud, Scott (September 1, 2008). "Surprise!". Google Blogoscoped. Archived from the original on July 16, 2023. Retrieved September 1, 2008. https://smccloud.livejournal.com/15488.html ↩

  18. Lenssen, Philipp (September 1, 2008). "Google Chrome, Google's Browser Project". Archived from the original on September 1, 2008. Retrieved September 1, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080901232919/http://blogoscoped.com/archive/2008-09-01-n47.html ↩

  19. Lenssen, Philipp (September 1, 2008). "Google on Google Chrome – comic book". Google Blogoscoped. Archived from the original on September 1, 2008. Retrieved September 1, 2008.Haller, John (February 9, 2023). "Google Chrome Portable 110.0.5481.78 Stable (web browser) Released, Drops Windows 7 and 8". PortableApps.com. Archived from the original on May 23, 2023. Retrieved May 23, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20080901232927/http://blogoscoped.com/google-chrome/ ↩

  20. "Google Chrome comic". Google Book Search. September 1, 2008. Archived from the original on February 11, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2008.Newman, Jared (June 12, 2012). "Google Chrome Gets Early Metro-Style App for Windows 8". PCWorld. IDG. Archived from the original on September 9, 2012. Retrieved June 13, 2012. https://www.google.com/googlebooks/chrome/ ↩

  21. Pichai, Sundar; Upson, Linus (September 1, 2008). "A fresh take on the browser". Official Google Blog. Archived from the original on March 15, 2016. Retrieved March 9, 2017. https://googleblog.blogspot.no/2008/09/fresh-take-on-browser.html ↩

  22. Dougerty, Conor (July 12, 2015). "Sundar Pichai of Google Talks About Phone Intrusion". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 19, 2015. Retrieved April 25, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20150719034413/https://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/07/12/sundar-pichai-of-google-talks-about-phone-intrusion/ ↩

  23. "It was when not if... Google Chrome". September 2008. Archived from the original on December 8, 2016. Retrieved June 21, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20161208060704/https://doeswhat.com/2008/09/02/it-was-when-not-if-google-chrome/ ↩

  24. Fried, Ina (October 7, 2008). "Be sure to read Chrome's fine print". CNET. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on March 10, 2022. Retrieved March 9, 2017. https://www.cnet.com/news/be-sure-to-read-chromes-fine-print/ ↩

  25. "Google Terms of Service – Policies & Principles – Google". Google.com. March 1, 2012. Archived from the original on January 25, 2012. Retrieved March 30, 2013. https://www.google.com/intl/en/policies/terms/ ↩

  26. "Google Chrome and Chrome OS Additional Terms of Service". www.google.com. Archived from the original on January 24, 2018. Retrieved August 25, 2020."Stable Channel Update". googlechromereleases.blogspot.com. Archived from the original on October 19, 2016. Retrieved August 10, 2016. https://www.google.com/intl/en/chrome/terms/ ↩

  27. Pichai, Sundar; Upson, Linus (September 1, 2008). "A fresh take on the browser". Official Google Blog. Archived from the original on March 15, 2016. Retrieved March 9, 2017. https://googleblog.blogspot.no/2008/09/fresh-take-on-browser.html ↩

  28. Needleman, Rafe (September 2, 2008). "Google Chrome update: First screenshot, and live-blog alert". CNET. Red Ventures. Archived from the original on January 5, 2021. Retrieved March 9, 2017. https://www.cnet.com/news/google-chrome-update-first-screenshot-and-live-blog-alert/ ↩

  29. "Google launches Chrome web browser". The Canadian Press. Associated Press. September 2, 2008. Archived from the original on September 6, 2008. Retrieved September 2, 2008."Chrome no longer supports Mac OS X 10.5". Google Inc. Archived from the original on March 29, 2015. https://www.cbc.ca/news/science/google-launches-chrome-web-browser-1.710550 ↩

  30. Gruener, Wolfgang (January 3, 2009). "Google Chrome crosses 1% market share again". Chicago (IL), United States: TG Daily. Archived from the original on March 10, 2009. Retrieved July 11, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20090310161357/https://www.tgdaily.com/content/view/40575/113 ↩

  31. Shankland, Stephen (January 9, 2009). "Chrome gets Mac deadline, extensions foundation". CNET. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on March 12, 2017. Retrieved March 9, 2017. https://www.cnet.com/news/chrome-gets-mac-deadline-extensions-foundation/ ↩

  32. "Early Access Release Channels". dev.chromium.org. Archived from the original on April 8, 2012. Retrieved April 8, 2012. https://dev.chromium.org/getting-involved/dev-channel ↩

  33. "Danger: Mac and Linux builds available". Archived from the original on June 10, 2023. Retrieved June 9, 2009. https://blog.chromium.org/2009/06/danger-mac-and-linux-builds-available.html ↩

  34. Larson, Mark (December 8, 2009). "Beta Update: Linux, Mac, and Windows". Chrome Releases. Archived from the original on March 12, 2017. Retrieved March 9, 2017. https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2009/12/beta-update-linux-mac-and-windows.html ↩

  35. Rakowski, Brian (December 8, 2009). "Google Chrome for the holidays: Mac, Linux and extensions in beta". Official Google Blog. Archived from the original on March 12, 2017. Retrieved March 9, 2017."Google to Discontinue 32-bit Chrome for Mac Next Month". OMG! Chrome!. September 4, 2014. Archived from the original on February 15, 2022. Retrieved February 15, 2022. https://googleblog.blogspot.no/2009/12/google-chrome-for-holidays-mac-linux.html ↩

  36. Rakowski, Brian (May 25, 2010). "A new Chrome stable release: Welcome, Mac and Linux!". Chrome Blog. Archived from the original on March 12, 2017. Retrieved March 9, 2017. https://chrome.googleblog.com/2010/05/new-chrome-stable-release-welcome-mac.html ↩

  37. "Microsoft offers browser choices to Europeans". BBC News. March 1, 2010. Archived from the original on February 15, 2022. Retrieved July 11, 2012. https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/8537763.stm ↩

  38. "NPAPI deprecation: developer guide – The Chromium Projects". chromium.org. Archived from the original on January 21, 2021. Retrieved September 3, 2015. https://www.chromium.org/developers/npapi-deprecation ↩

  39. Krumins, Peteris (September 5, 2008). "Code reuse in Google Chrome Browser". Archived from the original on January 12, 2019. Retrieved May 13, 2010. https://catonmat.net/blog/code-reuse-in-google-chrome-browser/ ↩

  40. Bright, Peter (April 3, 2013). "Google going its own way, forking WebKit rendering engine". Ars Technica. Conde Nast. Archived from the original on December 21, 2020. Retrieved March 9, 2017. https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2013/04/google-going-its-own-way-forking-webkit-rendering-engine/ ↩

  41. "Google Chrome comic". Google Book Search. September 1, 2008. Archived from the original on February 11, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2008.Newman, Jared (June 12, 2012). "Google Chrome Gets Early Metro-Style App for Windows 8". PCWorld. IDG. Archived from the original on September 9, 2012. Retrieved June 13, 2012. https://www.google.com/googlebooks/chrome/ ↩

  42. "Google Chrome comic". Google Book Search. September 1, 2008. Archived from the original on February 11, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2008.Newman, Jared (June 12, 2012). "Google Chrome Gets Early Metro-Style App for Windows 8". PCWorld. IDG. Archived from the original on September 9, 2012. Retrieved June 13, 2012. https://www.google.com/googlebooks/chrome/ ↩

  43. Fette, Ian (February 19, 2010). "Hello HTML5". Archived from the original on September 8, 2023. Retrieved July 11, 2012. https://gearsblog.blogspot.com/2010/02/hello-html5.html ↩

  44. Rura, Steve (March 2011). "A fresh take on an icon". Retrieved March 22, 2011.Sengupta, Caesar; Papakipos, Matt (November 19, 2009). "Releasing the Chromium OS open source project". Official Google Blog. Archived from the original on September 30, 2017. Retrieved March 9, 2017. https://chrome.blogspot.com/2011/03/fresh-take-on-icon.html ↩

  45. "HTML Video Codec Support in Chrome". blog.chromium.org. January 11, 2011. Archived from the original on February 1, 2021. Retrieved April 8, 2012. https://blog.chromium.org/2011/01/html-video-codec-support-in-chrome.html ↩

  46. Fischmann, Ami (November 6, 2012). "Longer battery life and easier website permissions". Chrome Blog. Archived from the original on November 29, 2020. Retrieved March 9, 2017. https://chrome.googleblog.com/2012/11/longer-battery-life-and-easier-website.html ↩

  47. Trollope, Rowan (December 22, 2013). "Open-Sourced H.264 Removes Barriers to WebRTC". Archived from the original on July 6, 2015. Retrieved December 22, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20150706222941/https://blogs.cisco.com/collaboration/open-source-h-264-removes-barriers-webrtc ↩

  48. "Google Chrome Beta arrives on Android". Engadget. AOL. Archived from the original on June 20, 2019. Retrieved July 11, 2012. https://www.engadget.com/2012/02/07/google-chrome-browser-arrives-on-android-video/ ↩

  49. "muktware.com is coming soon". www.muktware.com. Archived from the original on March 16, 2022. Retrieved February 15, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220316201442/http://www.muktware.com/3779/chrome-out-beta-default-browser-android-41 ↩

  50. Matney, Lucas (May 18, 2017). "Chrome is coming to augmented reality and Google Daydream". Archived from the original on July 1, 2023. Retrieved September 21, 2017. https://techcrunch.com/2017/05/18/chrome-is-coming-to-augmented-reality-and-google-daydream/ ↩

  51. Clark, Bryan (December 23, 2016). "How to Use Chrome's Omnibar to Search Gmail". LaptopMag. Archived from the original on September 26, 2020. Retrieved December 31, 2020. https://www.laptopmag.com/articles/use-chrome-omnibar-to-search-gmail ↩

  52. Needleman, Rafe (June 12, 2008). "The future of the Firefox address bar". CNET. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on February 21, 2020. Retrieved March 9, 2017. https://www.cnet.com/news/the-future-of-the-firefox-address-bar/ ↩

  53. Shankland, Stephen (October 7, 2008). "Speed test: Google Chrome beats Firefox, IE, Safari". CNET. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on January 29, 2020. Retrieved March 9, 2017.Pichai, Sundar; Upson, Linus (July 7, 2009). "Introducing the Google Chrome OS". Official Google Blog. Archived from the original on November 22, 2016. Retrieved March 9, 2017. https://www.cnet.com/news/speed-test-google-chrome-beats-firefox-ie-safari/ ↩

  54. Purdy, Kevin (June 11, 2009). "Lifehacker Speed Tests: Safari 4, Chrome 2, and More – Browsers". Lifehacker. Archived from the original on December 2, 2018. Retrieved May 13, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20181202112655/https://lifehacker.com/5286869/lifehacker-speed-tests-safari-4-chrome-2-and-more ↩

  55. Laforge, Anthony. "Stable Channel Update". Retrieved May 25, 2010. https://googlechromereleases.blogspot.com/2010/01/stable-channel-update_25.html ↩

  56. "Validating a qualified name does not match browsers in a corner case · Issue #319 · whatwg/dom". GitHub. Retrieved September 21, 2019. https://github.com/whatwg/dom/issues/319 ↩

  57. Hickson, Ian. "Acid Tests". Archived from the original on July 25, 2017. Retrieved May 7, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20170725054426/http://www.acidtests.org/ ↩

  58. "ECMAScript test262". ECMAScript.org. Archived from the original on May 14, 2011. Retrieved May 6, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110514205704/https://test262.ecmascript.org/ ↩

  59. "CSS 2.1 Test Suite RC6 Results". W3C. Archived from the original on May 12, 2023. Retrieved May 6, 2011. https://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/Test/CSS2.1/20110323/reports/results.html ↩

  60. "HTML5 test desktop". Visred. Archived from the original on August 7, 2023. Retrieved March 19, 2015. https://html5test.com/s/b204eb264a8b047b.html ↩

  61. "HTML5 test desktop browser comparison". Visred. Archived from the original on August 6, 2016. Retrieved March 19, 2015. https://html5test.com/results/desktop.html ↩

  62. "HTML5 test Android Chrome 41 Galaxy S5". Visred. Archived from the original on July 1, 2023. Retrieved March 19, 2015. https://html5test.com/s/3fb179264a332e3d.html ↩

  63. "HTML5 test tablet". Sights. Archived from the original on July 8, 2023. Retrieved March 19, 2015. https://html5test.com/results/mobile.html ↩

  64. "HTML5 test mobile". Sights. Archived from the original on August 26, 2023. Retrieved March 19, 2015. https://html5test.com/results/tablet.html ↩

  65. "HTML5test – How well does your browser support HTML5?". html5test.com. Archived from the original on December 30, 2019. Retrieved October 29, 2015. https://html5test.com/compare/browser/chrome-44.html ↩

  66. "Set your home page". support.google.com. September 23, 2021. Archived from the original on September 22, 2023. Retrieved February 6, 2022.Moore, Matthew (September 2, 2008). "Google Chrome browser: Review of reviews". Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 10, 2022. Retrieved September 24, 2011. https://support.google.com/chrome/answer/95314 ↩

  67. "Google Chrome comic". Google Book Search. September 1, 2008. Archived from the original on February 11, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2008.Newman, Jared (June 12, 2012). "Google Chrome Gets Early Metro-Style App for Windows 8". PCWorld. IDG. Archived from the original on September 9, 2012. Retrieved June 13, 2012. https://www.google.com/googlebooks/chrome/ ↩

  68. "Google Chrome comic". Google Book Search. September 1, 2008. Archived from the original on February 11, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2008.Newman, Jared (June 12, 2012). "Google Chrome Gets Early Metro-Style App for Windows 8". PCWorld. IDG. Archived from the original on September 9, 2012. Retrieved June 13, 2012. https://www.google.com/googlebooks/chrome/ ↩

  69. "Google Chrome comic". Google Book Search. September 1, 2008. Archived from the original on February 11, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2008.Newman, Jared (June 12, 2012). "Google Chrome Gets Early Metro-Style App for Windows 8". PCWorld. IDG. Archived from the original on September 9, 2012. Retrieved June 13, 2012. https://www.google.com/googlebooks/chrome/ ↩

  70. Fisher, Darin (May 21, 2009). "A Speedier Google Chrome for all users". Chrome Blog. Archived from the original on July 1, 2023. Retrieved March 9, 2017. https://chrome.googleblog.com/2009/05/speedier-google-chrome-for-all-users.html ↩

  71. LaForge, Anthony (September 15, 2009). "Google Chrome after a year: Sporting a new stable release". Official Google Blog. Archived from the original on November 8, 2017. Retrieved March 9, 2017. https://googleblog.blogspot.no/2009/09/google-chrome-after-year-sporting-new.html ↩

  72. Murphy, Glen; Sabec, Mark (October 5, 2009). "A splash of color to your browser: Artist Themes for Google Chrome". Chrome Blog. Archived from the original on July 1, 2023. Retrieved March 9, 2017. https://chrome.googleblog.com/2009/10/splash-of-color-to-your-browser-artist.html ↩

  73. "Chrome Web Store". Archived from the original on April 23, 2011. Retrieved April 8, 2012. https://tools.google.com/chrome/intl/en/themes/index.html ↩

  74. "Basic settings: Change browser theme". Google Chrome Help. Archived from the original on September 4, 2008. Retrieved November 26, 2018. https://www.google.com/support/chrome/bin/answer.py?&answer=148695 ↩

  75. Danica Simic, ValueWalk. "Google To Introduce Native Dark Theme For Chrome On Windows 10." January 2, 2019. Retrieved January 4, 2019. https://www.valuewalk.com/2019/01/dark-theme-for-chrome-on-windows-10/ ↩

  76. "Google is preparing a "super secret" Chrome UI refresh for next year". Chrome Unboxed - The Latest Chrome OS News. November 18, 2022. Archived from the original on May 19, 2023. Retrieved April 21, 2023. https://chromeunboxed.com/google-chrome-2023-refresh-design ↩

  77. "Change Chrome languages & translate webpages". support.google.com. https://www.google.com/support/chrome/bin/answer.py?hlrm=ru&answer=173424 ↩

  78. Gralla, Preston (September 3, 2008). "Three hidden Chrome features you'll love". Archived from the original on September 23, 2008. Retrieved September 16, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080923064954/https://blogs.computerworld.com/three_hidden_chrome_features_youll_love ↩

  79. "Chromium url_constants.cc". Archived from the original on September 8, 2010. Retrieved September 1, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100908013948/https://src.chromium.org/svn/trunk/src/chrome/common/url_constants.cc ↩

  80. Pash, Adam (October 2010). "Chrome's About:Labs Renamed to About:Flags, Adds a Warning". LifeHacker. Archived from the original on December 2, 2018. Retrieved October 19, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20181202070544/https://lifehacker.com/5667846/chromes-aboutlabs-renamed-to-aboutflags-adds-a-warning ↩

  81. Gavin, Brady (May 21, 2019). "How to Save a Web Page in Chrome". How-To Geek. Archived from the original on July 1, 2023. Retrieved June 13, 2021. https://www.howtogeek.com/415086/how-to-save-a-web-page-in-chrome/ ↩

  82. "Google Chrome comic". Google Book Search. September 1, 2008. Archived from the original on February 11, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2008.Newman, Jared (June 12, 2012). "Google Chrome Gets Early Metro-Style App for Windows 8". PCWorld. IDG. Archived from the original on September 9, 2012. Retrieved June 13, 2012. https://www.google.com/googlebooks/chrome/ ↩

  83. "Chrome Web Store". May 19, 2010. Archived from the original on February 24, 2013. Retrieved May 24, 2010. https://chrome.google.com/webstore ↩

  84. Lay, Erik (May 19, 2010). "The Chrome Web Store". Archived from the original on July 1, 2023. Retrieved May 24, 2010. https://blog.chromium.org/2010/05/chrome-web-store.html ↩

  85. Kay, Erik (September 5, 2013). "A new breed of Chrome Apps". Chrome Blog. Archived from the original on January 2, 2021. Retrieved March 9, 2017. https://chrome.googleblog.com/2013/09/a-new-breed-of-chrome-apps.html ↩

  86. Paul, Ryan (December 9, 2010). "Chrome Web Store: a solution in search of a problem?". Ars Technica. Condé Nast. Archived from the original on March 12, 2017. Retrieved March 9, 2017. https://arstechnica.com/business/2010/12/thoughts-on-the-chrome-store-does-the-web-need-an-app-delivery-channel/ ↩

  87. Kay, Erik; Boodman, Aaron (February 3, 2011). "A dash of speed, 3D and apps". Chrome Blog. Archived from the original on February 2, 2022. Retrieved March 9, 2017. https://chrome.googleblog.com/2011/02/dash-of-speed-3d-and-apps.html ↩

  88. Rakowski, Brian (December 8, 2009). "Google Chrome Extensions Blog Announcement". Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved February 25, 2010."Google's Chrome Becomes Web 'Gatekeeper' and Rivals Complain". Bloomberg.com. May 28, 2019. Archived from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved May 28, 2019. https://chrome.blogspot.com/2009/12/google-chrome-for-holidays-mac-linux.html ↩

  89. "Google Chrome Extensions Help Page". Archived from the original on February 8, 2010. Retrieved February 25, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100208233953/https://www.google.com/support/chrome/bin/answer.py?answer=154007 ↩

  90. Nield, David (April 20, 2012). "20 best Chrome extensions". TechRadar. Archived from the original on May 3, 2012. Retrieved May 16, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120503224933/https://www.techradar.com/news/software/applications/20-best-chrome-extensions-1076933 ↩

  91. Rakowski, Brian (December 8, 2009). "Google Chrome Extensions Blog Announcement". Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved February 25, 2010."Google's Chrome Becomes Web 'Gatekeeper' and Rivals Complain". Bloomberg.com. May 28, 2019. Archived from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved May 28, 2019. https://chrome.blogspot.com/2009/12/google-chrome-for-holidays-mac-linux.html ↩

  92. "Google Tone is a Chrome extension for sharing URLs with nearby computers using sound". VentureBeat. May 19, 2015. Archived from the original on January 27, 2022. Retrieved August 11, 2019. https://venturebeat.com/2015/05/19/google-tone-is-a-chrome-extension-for-sharing-urls-with-nearby-computers-using-sound/ ↩

  93. "Google's Tone Chrome Extension Lets You Share URLs By Sound". TechCrunch. May 19, 2015. Retrieved August 11, 2019. https://techcrunch.com/2015/05/19/googles-tone-chrome-extension-lets-you-share-urls-by-sound/ ↩

  94. Boodman, Aaron (September 9, 2009). "Extensions Status: On the Runway, Getting Ready for Take-Off". Archived from the original on July 18, 2019. Retrieved May 13, 2010. https://blog.chromium.org/2009/09/extensions-status-on-runway-getting.html ↩

  95. Rakowski, Brian (December 8, 2009). "Google Chrome for the holidays: Mac, Linux and extensions in beta". Official Google Blog. Archived from the original on March 12, 2017. Retrieved March 9, 2017."Google to Discontinue 32-bit Chrome for Mac Next Month". OMG! Chrome!. September 4, 2014. Archived from the original on February 15, 2022. Retrieved February 15, 2022. https://googleblog.blogspot.no/2009/12/google-chrome-for-holidays-mac-linux.html ↩

  96. Kay, Erik (December 8, 2009). "Extensions beta launched, with over 300 extensions!". Chromium Blog. Archived from the original on February 7, 2019. Retrieved May 13, 2010. https://blog.chromium.org/2009/12/extensions-beta-launched-with-over-300.html ↩

  97. Baum, Nick (January 25, 2010). "Over 1,500 new features for Google Chrome". Chrome Blog. Archived from the original on June 21, 2023. Retrieved March 9, 2017. https://chrome.googleblog.com/2010/01/over-1500-new-features-for-google.html ↩

  98. "Chrome For Windows Will Now Only Install Extensions From Google's Web Store". TechCrunch. May 27, 2014. Archived from the original on March 2, 2023. Retrieved December 14, 2018. https://techcrunch.com/2014/05/27/chrome-for-windows-will-now-only-install-extensions-from-googles-web-store/ ↩

  99. "Protecting Chrome users from malicious extensions". Google Chrome Blog. Archived from the original on June 14, 2023. Retrieved December 14, 2018. https://chrome.googleblog.com/2014/05/protecting-chrome-users-from-malicious.html ↩

  100. "Continuing to protect Chrome users from malicious extensions". Chromium Blog. Archived from the original on June 19, 2023. Retrieved December 15, 2018. https://blog.chromium.org/2015/05/continuing-to-protect-chrome-users-from.html ↩

  101. Claburn, Thomas. "If my calculations are correct, when Google Chrome hits version 88, you're gonna see some serious... security". The Register. Archived from the original on November 22, 2023. Retrieved November 22, 2023. https://www.theregister.com/2021/01/19/chrome_88_manifestv3/ ↩

  102. "Trustworthy Chrome Extensions, by default". Chromium Blog. Archived from the original on November 22, 2023. Retrieved November 22, 2023. https://blog.chromium.org/2018/10/trustworthy-chrome-extensions-by-default.html ↩

  103. "New in Chrome 88". Chrome for Developers. January 19, 2021. Archived from the original on November 22, 2023. Retrieved November 22, 2023. https://developer.chrome.com/blog/new-in-chrome-88/ ↩

  104. Bradshaw, Kyle (January 29, 2019). "Google Chrome's Manifest V3 proposal would stop Tampermonkey from working". 9to5Google. https://9to5google.com/2019/01/29/chrome-manifest-v3-tampermonkey/ ↩

  105. Taqiah, Durrah (November 17, 2022). "The challenges of Google's Manifest V3 and what they mean for ad filtering". eye/o. https://resources.eyeo.com/challenges-manifest-v3-ad-filtering ↩

  106. "Chrome Web Store – Adblock Plus (Beta)". Archived from the original on August 8, 2012. Retrieved May 16, 2012. https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/cfhdojbkjhnklbpkdaibdccddilifddb ↩

  107. "Chrome Web Store – Facebook Messenger". oinkandstuff.com. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved January 1, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20160901150321/https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/facebook-messenger/ecmfchgfmbbddembehpkopmhjiepcckd ↩

  108. "Chrome Web Store – uBlock Origin". Archived from the original on February 5, 2021. Retrieved May 16, 2012. https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/ublock-origin/cjpalhdlnbpafiamejdnhcphjbkeiagm ↩

  109. "Google Chrome comic". Google Book Search. September 1, 2008. Archived from the original on February 11, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2008.Newman, Jared (June 12, 2012). "Google Chrome Gets Early Metro-Style App for Windows 8". PCWorld. IDG. Archived from the original on September 9, 2012. Retrieved June 13, 2012. https://www.google.com/googlebooks/chrome/ ↩

  110. "V8 Benchmark suite". Google Code. Archived from the original on September 4, 2008. Retrieved September 3, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080904201317/https://code.google.com/apis/v8/run.html ↩

  111. Goodwins, Rupert (September 2, 2008). "Google Chrome – first benchmarks. Summary: wow". Archived from the original on September 3, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080903125550/https://community.zdnet.co.uk/blog/0%2C1000000567%2C10009139o-2000331777b%2C00.htm ↩

  112. "Google Chrome Javascript Benchmarks". jrm.cc. September 1, 2008. Archived from the original on January 7, 2012. Retrieved April 8, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120107133154/https://jrm.cc/google-chrome-javascript-benchmarks ↩

  113. Kingsley-Hughes, Adrian (September 2, 2008). "Google Chrome is insanely fast ... faster than Firefox 3.0". ZDNet. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on July 1, 2023. Retrieved April 16, 2020. https://www.zdnet.com/article/google-chrome-is-insanely-fast-faster-than-firefox-3-0/ ↩

  114. Shankland, Stephen (October 7, 2008). "Speed test: Google Chrome beats Firefox, IE, Safari". CNET. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on January 29, 2020. Retrieved March 9, 2017.Pichai, Sundar; Upson, Linus (July 7, 2009). "Introducing the Google Chrome OS". Official Google Blog. Archived from the original on November 22, 2016. Retrieved March 9, 2017. https://www.cnet.com/news/speed-test-google-chrome-beats-firefox-ie-safari/ ↩

  115. Limi, Alexander (September 2, 2008). "Chrome: Benchmarks and more". Archived from the original on April 24, 2010. Retrieved May 13, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100424030617/https://limi.net/articles/google-chrome-benchmarks-and-more ↩

  116. Lipskas, Vygantas (March 1, 2009). "Safari 4 vs. Firefox 3 vs. Google Chrome vs. Opera 10, 9.6 vs. Internet Explorer 8, 7". Favbrowser. Archived from the original on May 1, 2010. Retrieved May 13, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100501013649/http://www.favbrowser.com/safari-4-vs-firefox-3-vs-google-chrome-vs-opera-10-96-vs-internet-explorer-8-7/ ↩

  117. Scott M. Fulton, III (October 11, 2010). "Firefox in the dust: Opera poised to reclaim browser performance lead". Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved November 6, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20110714163918/https://net1news.com/101011-01-firefox-in-the-dust.aspx ↩

  118. Shankland, Stephen (October 7, 2008). "Firefox counters Google's browser speed test". CNET. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on January 29, 2022. Retrieved March 9, 2017. https://www.cnet.com/news/firefox-counters-googles-browser-speed-test/ ↩

  119. Eich, Brendan (September 3, 2008). "TraceMonkey Update". Archived from the original on July 1, 2023. Retrieved February 27, 2013. /wiki/Brendan_Eich ↩

  120. Shankland, Stephen (November 3, 2008). "Third Chrome beta another notch faster – News". Builder AU. Archived from the original on October 5, 2009. Retrieved May 13, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20091005200226/http://www.builderau.com.au/news/soa/Third-Chrome-beta-another-notch-faster/0,339028227,339292979,00.htm?feed=pt_performance ↩

  121. Resig, John (September 3, 2008). "JavaScript Performance Rundown". Archived from the original on January 6, 2017. Retrieved February 15, 2022. /wiki/John_Resig ↩

  122. Stachowiak, Maciej (September 18, 2008). "WebKit blog: Introducing SquirrelFish Extreme". Archived from the original on November 26, 2016. Retrieved May 13, 2010. https://webkit.org/blog/214/introducing-squirrelfish-extreme/ ↩

  123. Zwarich, Cameron (September 18, 2008). "SquirrelFish Extreme has landed!". Archived from the original on April 27, 2009. Retrieved May 13, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20090427090731/https://summerofjsc.blogspot.com/2008/09/squirrelfish-extreme-has-landed.html ↩

  124. Shankland, Stephen (September 22, 2008). "Step aside, Chrome, for Squirrelfish Extreme – News". Builder AU. Archived from the original on October 6, 2009. Retrieved May 13, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20091006214858/http://www.builderau.com.au/news/soa/Step-aside-Chrome-for-Squirrelfish-Extreme/0,339028227,339292128,00.htm?feed=pt_performance ↩

  125. Ying, Charles (September 19, 2008). "SquirrelFish Extreme: Fastest JavaScript Engine Yet". Archived from the original on June 16, 2010. Retrieved May 13, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100616220016/http://www.satine.org/archives/2008/09/19/squirrelfish-extreme-fastest-javascript-engine-yet/ ↩

  126. Gralla, Preston (September 3, 2008). "Three hidden Chrome features you'll love". Archived from the original on September 23, 2008. Retrieved September 16, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080923064954/https://blogs.computerworld.com/three_hidden_chrome_features_youll_love ↩

  127. "DNS prefetching for Firefox". November 8, 2008. Archived from the original on February 15, 2022. Retrieved February 15, 2022. https://bitsup.blogspot.com/2008/11/dns-prefetching-for-firefox.html ↩

  128. Apple Inc. (June 7, 2010). "What's new in Safari 5". Archived from the original on June 27, 2009. Retrieved July 6, 2010. https://www.apple.com/safari/whats-new.html#performance ↩

  129. "Internet Explorer 9 Network Performance Improvements". Blogs.msdn.com. March 17, 2011. Archived from the original on March 30, 2012. Retrieved April 8, 2012. https://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2011/03/17/internet-explorer-9-network-performance-improvements.aspx ↩

  130. Eiras, João. "Page prefetcher". userjs.org. Archived from the original on March 7, 2012. Retrieved April 8, 2012. https://userjs.org/scripts/browser/enhancements/page-prefetcher ↩

  131. "chrome] Index of /trunk/src/net/spdy – Chromium SPDY client implementation". src.chromium.org. Archived from the original on June 24, 2013. Retrieved April 8, 2012. https://src.chromium.org/viewvc/chrome/trunk/src/net/spdy/ ↩

  132. "SPDY Proxy Examples – The Chromium Projects". www.chromium.org. Archived from the original on September 19, 2017. Retrieved April 8, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20170919141654/https://www.chromium.org/spdy/spdy-proxy-examples ↩

  133. "Moving towards a faster web". Chromium Blog. November 11, 2019. Archived from the original on November 13, 2019. Retrieved November 13, 2019. https://blog.chromium.org/2019/11/moving-towards-faster-web.html ↩

  134. "Data Saver is now Lite mode". Chromium Blog. April 23, 2019. Archived from the original on April 2, 2022. Retrieved April 2, 2022. https://blog.chromium.org/2019/04/data-saver-is-now-lite-mode.html ↩

  135. "Automatically lazy-loading offscreen images & iframes for Lite mode users". Chromium Blog. October 24, 2019. Archived from the original on June 5, 2022. Retrieved April 2, 2022. https://blog.chromium.org/2019/10/automatically-lazy-loading-offscreen.html ↩

  136. "Sunsetting Chrome Lite mode in M100 and older". Google Chrome Help. February 22, 2022. Archived from the original on June 21, 2022. Retrieved April 2, 2022. https://support.google.com/chrome/thread/151853370 ↩

  137. "Google Chrome comic". Google Book Search. September 1, 2008. Archived from the original on February 11, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2008.Newman, Jared (June 12, 2012). "Google Chrome Gets Early Metro-Style App for Windows 8". PCWorld. IDG. Archived from the original on September 9, 2012. Retrieved June 13, 2012. https://www.google.com/googlebooks/chrome/ ↩

  138. Chung, Marc (September 5, 2008). "chromes-process model explained". Archived from the original on March 21, 2009. Retrieved September 10, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20090321110910/https://blog.marcchung.com/2008/09/05/chromes-process-model-explained.html ↩

  139. Barth, Adam; Jackson, Collin; Reis, Charles; et al. (The Google Chrome Team). "The Security Architecture of the Chromium Browser" (PDF). Stanford Security Laboratory. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 13, 2008. Retrieved September 11, 2008. https://crypto.stanford.edu/websec/chromium/chromium-security-architecture.pdf ↩

  140. Gutschke, Markus (May 6, 2009). "Re: (PATCH 2/2) x86-64: seccomp: fix 32/64 syscall hole". Archived from the original on June 24, 2013. Retrieved February 17, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20130624200851/https://article.gmane.org/gmane.linux.ports.sparc/11622 ↩

  141. Edge, Jake (August 19, 2009). "Google's Chromium sandbox". Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved February 17, 2011. https://lwn.net/Articles/347547/ ↩

  142. Huge Security Flaw Leaks VPN Users' Real IP-addresses Archived February 22, 2015, at the Wayback Machine TorrentFreak.com (January 30, 2015). Retrieved on February 21, 2015. https://torrentfreak.com/huge-security-flaw-leaks-vpn-users-real-ip-addresses-150130/ ↩

  143. Bates, Adam. "InsightPortal | QualityTaskForce | Chrome will start flagging insecure HTTP sites". www.insightportal.io. Archived from the original on August 1, 2020. Retrieved August 8, 2017. https://www.insightportal.io/desktop-browsers/846-chrome-will-start-flagging-insecure-http-sites ↩

  144. Cimpanu, Catalin, ZDNet. "Google releases Chrome 71 with a focus on security features Archived November 8, 2020, at the Wayback Machine." December 4, 2018. Retrieved January 2, 2019. https://www.zdnet.com/article/google-releases-chrome-71-with-a-focus-on-security-features/ ↩

  145. "Google Chrome for Android adds Secure DNS for safer, more private browsing". XDA Developers. September 3, 2020. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020. https://www.xda-developers.com/google-chrome-android-adds-secure-dns-safer-private-browsing/ ↩

  146. "Issue 53 – chromium – No Master Password Option". September 2, 2008. Archived from the original on January 9, 2014. Retrieved August 13, 2013. https://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=53 ↩

  147. Kember, Elliott (August 7, 2013). "Chrome's Password Security Strategy Is Insane". Mashable.com. Archived from the original on August 13, 2013. Retrieved August 13, 2013. https://mashable.com/2013/08/07/chrome-password-security/ ↩

  148. "Issue 53 – chromium – No Master Password Option (post #151)". Archived from the original on March 28, 2014. Retrieved May 3, 2014. https://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=53#c151 ↩

  149. "Linux Password Storage". Archived from the original on April 18, 2021. Retrieved December 25, 2019. https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/master/docs/linux/password_storage.md ↩

  150. "OS X Password Manager/Keychain Integration". Archived from the original on May 16, 2022. Retrieved April 28, 2022. https://www.chromium.org/developers/design-documents/os-x-password-manager-keychain-integration/ ↩

  151. Keizer, Gregg (March 10, 2011). "Google's Chrome untouched at Pwn2Own hack match". Computerworld. Archived from the original on July 7, 2014. Retrieved February 15, 2022. https://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9214022/Google_s_Chrome_untouched_at_Pwn2Own_hack_match ↩

  152. "Pwn2Own 2012: Google Chrome browser sandbox first to fall". ZDNet. CBS Interactive. March 7, 2012. Archived from the original on October 24, 2014. Retrieved April 8, 2012."Google Chrome Unique Identifier Change". The Register. March 16, 2010. Archived from the original on January 4, 2012. Retrieved March 24, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20141024050135/http://www.zdnet.com/blog/security/pwn2own-2012-google-chrome-browser-sandbox-first-to-fall/10588 ↩

  153. "Pwn2Own 2012: Google Chrome browser sandbox first to fall". ZDNet. CBS Interactive. March 7, 2012. Archived from the original on October 24, 2014. Retrieved April 8, 2012."Google Chrome Unique Identifier Change". The Register. March 16, 2010. Archived from the original on January 4, 2012. Retrieved March 24, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20141024050135/http://www.zdnet.com/blog/security/pwn2own-2012-google-chrome-browser-sandbox-first-to-fall/10588 ↩

  154. "CanSecWest Pwnium: Google Chrome hacked with sandbox bypass". ZDNet. CBS Interactive. March 7, 2012. Archived from the original on November 11, 2014. Retrieved April 8, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20141111232732/http://www.zdnet.com/blog/security/cansecwest-pwnium-google-chrome-hacked-with-sandbox-bypass/10563 ↩

  155. "Teenager hacks Google Chrome with three 0day vulnerabilities". ZDNet. CBS Interactive. March 9, 2012. Archived from the original on November 12, 2014. Retrieved April 8, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20141112203234/http://www.zdnet.com/blog/security/teenager-hacks-google-chrome-with-three-0day-vulnerabilities/10649 ↩

  156. Kersey, Jason (March 10, 2012). "Chrome Stable Update". Archived from the original on March 11, 2012. Retrieved March 10, 2012. https://googlechromereleases.blogspot.com/2012/03/chrome-stable-update_10.html ↩

  157. Goodin, Dan (October 10, 2012). "Google Chrome exploit fetches "Pinkie Pie" $60,000 hacking prize". Ars Technica. Condé Nast. Archived from the original on July 4, 2017. Retrieved March 9, 2017. https://arstechnica.com/security/2012/10/google-chrome-exploit-fetches-pinkie-pie-60000-hacking-prize/ ↩

  158. "Pwnium 2: results and wrap-up". Chromium Blog. October 10, 2012. Archived from the original on December 7, 2020. Retrieved December 17, 2015. https://blog.chromium.org/2012/10/pwnium-2-results-and-wrap-up_10.html ↩

  159. "Pwn2own Day 1 Exploits: Google Chrome, Adobe Flash, Apple Safari". March 17, 2016. Retrieved September 20, 2016. https://www.eweek.com/security/pwn2own-day-1-exploits-google-chrome-adobe-flash-apple-safari.html ↩

  160. "Google targets HTML5 default for Chrome instead of Flash in Q4 2016". VentureBeat. May 15, 2016. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved September 20, 2016. https://venturebeat.com/2016/05/15/google-targets-html5-default-for-chrome-instead-of-flash-in-q4-2016/ ↩

  161. "WikiLeaks posts trove of CIA documents detailing mass hacking". CBS News. March 7, 2017. Archived from the original on August 3, 2019. Retrieved April 16, 2020. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/wikileaks-cia-documents-released-cyber-intelligence/ ↩

  162. Greenberg, Andy (March 7, 2017). "How the CIA Can Hack Your Phone, PC, and TV (Says WikiLeaks)". Wired. Archived from the original on March 20, 2019. Retrieved April 22, 2018. https://www.wired.com/2017/03/cia-can-hack-phone-pc-tv-says-wikileaks/ ↩

  163. "Chrome Browser". Google.com. Archived from the original on March 26, 2018. Retrieved April 21, 2014. https://www.google.com/intl/en/chrome/browser/features.html#security ↩

  164. Tsukayama, Hayley (February 15, 2018). "Google's Chrome ad blocker means the Web's largest ad company is also now advertising's biggest traffic cop". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on December 4, 2020. Retrieved February 15, 2018. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2018/02/15/googles-chrome-ad-blocker-means-the-webs-largest-ad-company-is-also-now-advertisings-biggest-traffic-cop/ ↩

  165. Chaikivsky, Andrew (February 15, 2018). "Want to Protect Against Websites That Spy on You? Get an Ad Blocker". Consumer Reports. Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved February 15, 2018. https://www.consumerreports.org/digital-security/to-protect-against-websites-that-spy-on-you-get-an-adblocker/ ↩

  166. "Google Chrome FAQ for web developers". Archived from the original on September 4, 2008. Retrieved April 8, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20080904005822/https://www.google.com/chrome/intl/en/webmasters-faq.html ↩

  167. "Google Chrome FAQ for web developers". Archived from the original on September 4, 2008. Retrieved April 8, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20080904005822/https://www.google.com/chrome/intl/en/webmasters-faq.html ↩

  168. Requires advanced user interventionPaul, Ryan (March 2010). "Google bakes Flash into Chrome, hopes to improve plug-in API". Archived from the original on May 5, 2012. Retrieved March 14, 2010. https://arstechnica.com/web/news/2010/03/google-bakes-flash-into-chrome-hopes-to-improve-plugin-api.ars ↩

  169. "Java and Google Chrome". java.com. Archived from the original on February 9, 2010. Retrieved December 11, 2009. https://java.com/en/download/chrome.jsp ↩

  170. "Issue 10812 – chromium – No java plugin support yet". Archived from the original on November 6, 2015. Retrieved May 18, 2010. https://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=10812 ↩

  171. "Pepper.wiki". Code.google.com. February 24, 2012. Archived from the original on April 6, 2016. Retrieved March 23, 2013. https://code.google.com/p/ppapi/wiki/Concepts ↩

  172. "Pepper Plugin API (PPAPI)". Chromium.org. Archived from the original on December 21, 2020. Retrieved March 23, 2013. https://www.chromium.org/nativeclient/getting-started/getting-started-background-and-basics#TOC-Pepper-Plugin-API-PPAPI- ↩

  173. "Chromium Blog: The road to safer, more stable, and flashier Flash". blog.chromium.org. August 8, 2012. Archived from the original on July 25, 2018. Retrieved August 29, 2012. https://blog.chromium.org/2012/08/the-road-to-safer-more-stable-and.html ↩

  174. "Securing Flash Player for our Mac users". Google Chrome Blog. Retrieved November 14, 2012. https://chrome.blogspot.com/2012/11/securing-flash-player-for-our-mac-users.html ↩

  175. "Chromium Blog: Saying Goodbye to Our Old Friend NPAPI". Chromium Blog. Archived from the original on January 22, 2021. Retrieved July 13, 2015. https://blog.chromium.org/2013/09/saying-goodbye-to-our-old-friend-npapi.html ↩

  176. "PSA: Chrome for Linux planning to drop NPAPI support as soon as April". Archived from the original on May 23, 2013. Retrieved April 22, 2015. Another thing I found last night is a Debian package called PepperFlashPlayer. Apparently, it works the same way as the existing FlashPlayer package (which downloads Adobe Flash from Adobe and installs it) -- it downloads Chrome from Google, extracts the PPAPI Flash plugin, and installs it for Chromium. That might be a good workaround for Chromium users in the interim. (Note: I am not endorsing this method, just making people aware of it.) But obviously, it would be better if PPAPI Flash were available in a more "official" context. https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/chromium-dev/xEbgvWE7wMk ↩

  177. "NPAPI deprecation: developer guide". www.chromium.org. Archived from the original on January 21, 2021. Retrieved April 17, 2015. https://www.chromium.org/developers/npapi-deprecation ↩

  178. "Browse in private – Computer – Google Chrome Help". support.google.com. Archived from the original on March 23, 2019. Retrieved April 1, 2018. https://support.google.com/chrome/answer/95464?co=GENIE.Platform=Desktop ↩

  179. Google (2023). "How Chrome Incognito keeps your browsing private". support.google.com. Archived from the original on June 27, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2023. /wiki/Google ↩

  180. "Explore Google Chrome Features: Incognito Mode". September 2, 2008. Archived from the original on March 11, 2009. Retrieved September 4, 2008. https://www.google.com/support/chrome/bin/answer.py?answer=95464 ↩

  181. "Chrome for iOS will let you lock down incognito tabs with Face ID". July 20, 2021. Archived from the original on July 21, 2021. Retrieved July 21, 2021. https://www.theverge.com/2021/7/20/22585624/chrome-ios-92-incognito-tabs-with-face-touch-id-passcode-full-page-screenshots ↩

  182. "Google to destroy billions of private browsing records to settle lawsuit". Guardian. Retrieved April 19, 2024. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/apr/01/google-destroying-browsing-data-privacy-lawsuit ↩

  183. "Tracking DNT". W3C. Archived from the original on December 31, 2015. Retrieved December 17, 2015. https://www.w3.org/2011/tracking-protection/drafts/tracking-dnt.html#determining ↩

  184. "Google and Chrome To Support Do Not Track". Archived from the original on February 26, 2012. Retrieved March 3, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120226042318/https://browserfame.com/478/google-chrome-support-do-not-track ↩

  185. Reisn, Charlie (September 11, 2008). "Multi-process Architecture". Archived from the original on January 31, 2021. Retrieved September 12, 2008. https://blog.chromium.org/2008/09/multi-process-architecture.html ↩

  186. "Process Models". The Chromium Projects. September 3, 2008. Archived from the original on December 2, 2020. Retrieved September 12, 2008. https://dev.chromium.org/developers/design-documents/process-models ↩

  187. Prince, Brian (December 11, 2008). "Google Chrome Puts Security in a Sandbox". eWeek.com. Ziff Davis. Archived from the original on April 17, 2024. Retrieved June 4, 2010. https://www.eweek.com/c/a/Security/Google-Chrome-Puts-Security-in-a-Sandbox/ ↩

  188. "Google Chrome comic". Google Book Search. September 1, 2008. Archived from the original on February 11, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2008.Newman, Jared (June 12, 2012). "Google Chrome Gets Early Metro-Style App for Windows 8". PCWorld. IDG. Archived from the original on September 9, 2012. Retrieved June 13, 2012. https://www.google.com/googlebooks/chrome/ ↩

  189. "[webkit-dev] Announcing WebKit2". lists.webkit.org. April 8, 2010. Archived from the original on May 8, 2020. Retrieved April 8, 2012. https://lists.webkit.org/pipermail/webkit-dev/2010-April/012235.html ↩

  190. "Firefox Lorentz Beta Available for Download and Testing". Mozilla. April 8, 2010. Archived from the original on July 14, 2012. Retrieved April 10, 2010. https://developer.mozilla.org/devnews/index.php/2010/04/08/firefox-lorentz-beta-available-for-download-and-testing/ ↩

  191. Orgera, Scott (May 30, 2022). "How to Use the Google Chrome Task Manager". Lifewire. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved December 5, 2022. https://www.lifewire.com/google-chrome-task-manager-4103619 ↩

  192. "Chrome 23 Closes 15 Security Vulnerabilities, Promises Longer Battery Life & Added Do Not Track (DNT)". Archived from the original on November 16, 2012. Retrieved November 9, 2012. https://www.voiceofgreyhat.com/2012/11/Chrome23-With-Longer-Battery-Life-Do-Not-Track.html ↩

  193. Fischmann, Ami (November 6, 2012). "Longer battery life and easier website permissions". Chrome Blog. Archived from the original on November 29, 2020. Retrieved March 9, 2017. https://chrome.googleblog.com/2012/11/longer-battery-life-and-easier-website.html ↩

  194. Larson, Mark (January 8, 2009). "Google Chrome Release Channels". Archived from the original on January 15, 2009. Retrieved January 9, 2009. https://blog.chromium.org/2009/01/google-chrome-release-channels.html ↩

  195. Larson, Mark (January 8, 2009). "Dev update: New WebKit version, new features, and a new Dev channel". Archived from the original on January 16, 2009. Retrieved January 9, 2009. https://googlechromereleases.blogspot.com/2009/01/dev-update-new-webkit-version-new.html ↩

  196. Fette, Ian (December 11, 2008). "Thanks For All Your Help". Archived from the original on April 14, 2015. Retrieved May 1, 2015. https://blog.chromium.org/2008/12/thanks-for-all-your-help.html ↩

  197. Laforge, Anthony (July 22, 2010). "Release Early, Release Often". Archived from the original on July 24, 2010. Retrieved July 25, 2010. https://blog.chromium.org/2010/07/release-early-release-often.html ↩

  198. The Chromium Authors. "Chrome Release Channels". Archived from the original on November 10, 2014. Retrieved October 29, 2014. https://dev.chromium.org/getting-involved/dev-channel ↩

  199. Irish, Paul (November 2, 2012). "Chrome Canary for Developers". Archived from the original on October 30, 2014. Retrieved October 29, 2014. https://www.paulirish.com/2012/chrome-canary-for-developers/ ↩

  200. Bridge, Henry (August 2, 2010). "Google Chrome in a Coal Mine". Chromium Blog. Archived from the original on March 31, 2015. Retrieved March 19, 2015.Clark, Mitchell (April 9, 2021). "DuckDuckGo promises to block Google's latest ad-tracking tech — if Google allows it". The Verge. Archived from the original on April 19, 2021. Retrieved April 16, 2021. https://blog.chromium.org/2010/08/google-chrome-in-coal-mine.html ↩

  201. Mathews, Lee (July 23, 2010). "Google drops Chrome Canary build down the Chrome mineshaft". Archived from the original on July 25, 2010. Retrieved July 25, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100725003442/https://www.downloadsquad.com/2010/07/23/google-chrome-canary-run-two-channels-at-once/ ↩

  202. "Adding more yellow to the Mac color scheme". blog.chromium.org. May 2, 2011. Archived from the original on January 18, 2012. Retrieved February 4, 2012.. https://blog.chromium.org/2011/05/adding-more-yellow-to-mac-color-scheme.html ↩

  203. Protalinski, Emil (January 10, 2013). "Google launches Chrome Beta channel for Android 4.0+ phones and tablets, releases version 25". The Next Web. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved March 9, 2017.Thurrott, Paul (April 12, 2021). "Brave is Blocking Google FLoC". Thurrott.com. Archived from the original on April 13, 2021. Retrieved April 16, 2021. https://thenextweb.com/google/2013/01/10/google-launches-chrome-beta-channel-for-android-4-0-phones-and-tablets-releases-version-25/ ↩

  204. "Chrome beta for Android on Google Play". Play.google.com. Archived from the original on February 17, 2021. Retrieved March 23, 2013. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.chrome.beta ↩

  205. "Google Launches Dev Channel for Chrome on Android". Chrome Story. Archived from the original on July 11, 2015. Retrieved July 13, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150711220228/https://www.chromestory.com/2015/04/google-launches-dev-channel-for-chrome-on-android/ ↩

  206. Dorwin, David (May 14, 2009). "Google Update Releases Update Controls". Google Open Source Blog. Archived from the original on January 1, 2010. Retrieved May 13, 2010. https://google-opensource.blogspot.com/2009/05/google-update-releases-update-controls.html ↩

  207. "Download & install Google Chrome – Computer – Google Chrome Help". support.google.com. Archived from the original on June 14, 2021. Retrieved August 25, 2020. https://support.google.com/chrome/answer/95346?visit_id=637339793306428474-1010377970&rd=1#install_win_offline ↩

  208. "Get a fast, free web browser". Google.com. Archived from the original on November 18, 2016. Retrieved February 17, 2017. https://www.google.com/intl/en/chrome/browser/desktop/index.html?standalone=1 ↩

  209. "Fix problems installing Chrome – Google Chrome Help". support.google.com. Archived from the original on June 14, 2021. Retrieved August 25, 2020. https://support.google.com/chrome/answer/6315198?visit_id=637339793311802494-2911862149&rd=3 ↩

  210. "Tour of the Chromium Buildbot Waterfall – The Chromium Projects". Archived from the original on January 3, 2015. Retrieved December 2, 2014. https://dev.chromium.org/developers/testing/chromium-build-infrastructure/tour-of-the-chromium-buildbot ↩

  211. Kwan, Campbell. "Google to shorten Chrome update cycle to four weeks". ZDNet. Archived from the original on March 5, 2021. Retrieved March 5, 2021. https://www.zdnet.com/article/google-to-shorten-chrome-update-cycle-to-four-weeks/ ↩

  212. "Version 42 Stable Release". Chrome Releases. April 14, 2015. Archived from the original on January 25, 2016. Retrieved December 28, 2015. https://googlechromereleases.blogspot.com/2015/04/stable-channel-update_14.html ↩

  213. "Chromium Development Calendar and Release Info". The Chromium Projects. Archived from the original on April 30, 2015. Retrieved May 1, 2015. https://www.chromium.org/developers/calendar ↩

  214. Mike Frysinger (March 14, 2014). "Version Numbers". The Chromium Projects. Archived from the original on May 7, 2020. Retrieved May 1, 2015. https://www.chromium.org/developers/version-numbers ↩

  215. "Chromium Development Calendar and Release Info". The Chromium Projects. Archived from the original on April 30, 2015. Retrieved May 1, 2015. https://www.chromium.org/developers/calendar ↩

  216. Anthony LaForge (December 16, 2010). "Chrome Release Cycle -12/16/2010". Google Slides. Archived from the original on December 18, 2015. Retrieved May 1, 2015. https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1uv_dNkPVlDFG1kaImq7dW-6PasJQU1Yzpj5IKG_2coA/present?slide=id.i109 ↩

  217. "Chromium Development Calendar and Release Info". The Chromium Projects. Archived from the original on April 30, 2015. Retrieved May 1, 2015. https://www.chromium.org/developers/calendar ↩

  218. "Version 42 Developer Update". Chrome Releases. February 26, 2015. Archived from the original on January 25, 2016. Retrieved December 28, 2015. https://googlechromereleases.blogspot.com/2015/02/dev-channel-update_24.html ↩

  219. "Version 42 Stable Release". Chrome Releases. April 14, 2015. Archived from the original on January 25, 2016. Retrieved December 28, 2015. https://googlechromereleases.blogspot.com/2015/04/stable-channel-update_14.html ↩

  220. "Issue 143: Handle color profiles in tagged images". Code.google.com. September 2, 2008. Retrieved March 23, 2013. https://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=143 ↩

  221. "Google Chrome Easter Egg T-Rex Mini Game". Business Insider. Archived from the original on May 14, 2023. Retrieved February 15, 2022. https://www.businessinsider.com/google-chrome-easter-egg-t-rex-mini-game-2014-9 ↩

  222. "Play Google Chrome's Secret Offline Game". www.yahoo.com. November 18, 2015. Archived from the original on January 25, 2016. Retrieved January 10, 2016. https://www.yahoo.com/tech/fun-fact-even-without-an-internet-connection-195609091.html ↩

  223. "How do I find the secret dinosaur game on Google Chrome when my internet connection is down?". RadioTimes. Archived from the original on January 1, 2021. Retrieved February 15, 2022. https://www.radiotimes.com/news/2015-05-28/google-chromes-secret-unable-to-connect-to-the-internet-game-could-be-better-than-the-whole-web ↩

  224. "Google Chrome's 'Unable to connect to the Internet' page has a hidden endless runner game". The Independent. September 26, 2014. Archived from the original on August 28, 2017. Retrieved August 29, 2017. https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/google-chromes-unable-to-connect-to-the-internet-page-has-a-hidden-endless-runner-game-9758418.html ↩

  225. "Issue 462221 – chromium – Disable offline game (T-Rex) if device is enrolled – Monorail". Chromium.org. February 26, 2015. Archived from the original on June 2, 2023. Retrieved July 27, 2016. https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=462221 ↩

  226. "Download & install Google Chrome - Computer". Google Chrome Help. System requirements to use Chrome. Archived from the original on April 23, 2016. Retrieved February 13, 2024. https://support.google.com/chrome/answer/95346 ↩

  227. "Download & install Google Chrome - Computer". Google Chrome Help. System requirements to use Chrome. Archived from the original on April 23, 2016. Retrieved February 13, 2024. https://support.google.com/chrome/answer/95346 ↩

  228. "Download & install Google Chrome - Computer". Google Chrome Help. System requirements to use Chrome. Archived from the original on April 23, 2016. Retrieved February 13, 2024. https://support.google.com/chrome/answer/95346 ↩

  229. "Stable Channel Update". googleblog.com. November 18, 2014. Archived from the original on March 11, 2017. Retrieved November 18, 2014. https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2014/11/stable-channel-update_18.html ↩

  230. "64-bit Support – The Chromium Projects". chromium.org. Archived from the original on March 5, 2012. Retrieved March 5, 2012. https://www.chromium.org/developers/design-documents/64-bit-support/ ↩

  231. "Google Chrome – Download the Fast, Secure Browser from Google". www.google.com. Archived from the original on February 17, 2021. Retrieved November 11, 2016. https://www.google.com/chrome/ ↩

  232. "Try out the new 64-bit Windows Canary and Dev channels". blog.chromium.org. Archived from the original on January 29, 2021. Retrieved July 1, 2014. https://blog.chromium.org/2014/06/try-out-new-64-bit-windows-canary-and.html ↩

  233. "Announcing the Chrome 64-bit Beta Channel for Windows!". googleblog.com. Archived from the original on May 5, 2017. Retrieved August 11, 2014. https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2014/07/announcing-chrome-64-bit-beta-channel.html ↩

  234. "64 bits of awesome: 64-bit Windows Support, now in Stable!". August 26, 2014. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved August 27, 2014. https://blog.chromium.org/2014/08/64-bits-of-awesome-64-bit-windows_26.html ↩

  235. Mark Mentovai (November 8, 2013). "Yesterday's Mac canary was 64-bit". chromium-dev (Mailing list). Archived from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved February 6, 2022. https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/d/msg/chromium-dev/LBHN-SWwI7I/XYuj8tHQa04J ↩

  236. "Beta Channel Update". October 9, 2014. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2022. https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2014/10/beta-channel-update_9.html ↩

  237. "Stable Channel Update". googleblog.com. November 18, 2014. Archived from the original on March 11, 2017. Retrieved November 18, 2014. https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2014/11/stable-channel-update_18.html ↩

  238. Weatherbed, Jess (February 8, 2021). "Google Chrome will no longer support some older processors". TechRadar. Archived from the original on February 11, 2021. Retrieved February 16, 2021. https://www.techradar.com/news/google-chrome-will-no-longer-support-some-older-processors ↩

  239. "Chrome Browser system requirements – Google Chrome Enterprise Help". support.google.com. Archived from the original on December 21, 2020. Retrieved February 8, 2021. https://support.google.com/chrome/a/answer/7100626?hl=en ↩

  240. "Require SSE3 for Chrome on x86". Archived from the original on February 12, 2021. Retrieved February 8, 2021. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1QUzL4MGNqX4wiLvukUwBf6FdCL35kCDoEJTm2wMkahw/ ↩

  241. Holt, Kristopher (October 25, 2022). "Google will end Chrome support on Windows 7 and 8.1 in early 2023". Engadget. Yahoo. Retrieved October 27, 2022. https://www.engadget.com/google-chrome-windows-7-8-1-201122191.html ↩

  242. "Feature: Chrome will remove support for macOS 11". chromestatus.com. April 4, 2025. Retrieved April 4, 2025. https://chromestatus.com/feature/4504090090143744 ↩

  243. "Google Chrome is ending support for macOS Catalina". www.androidpolice.com. August 9, 2024. Retrieved August 11, 2024. https://www.androidpolice.com/google-chrome-ending-support-macos-catalina/ ↩

  244. "M116 will be the last Chromium to support macOS 10.13 and 10.14". groups.google.com. January 27, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2023. https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/g/chromium-dev/c/z-d1QfKuoBU ↩

  245. "What's Next for Google Chrome?". Alliance IT. October 12, 2020. Retrieved November 19, 2020. https://allianceitllc.com/google-chrome/ ↩

  246. "Chrome Enterprise release notes". Google. November 17, 2020. Retrieved November 19, 2020. https://support.google.com/chrome/a/answer/7679408 ↩

  247. "Google Chrome is ending support for Android Nougat". www.androidpolice.com. Retrieved November 2, 2023. https://www.androidpolice.com/chrome-120-ending-support-for-android-nougat/ ↩

  248. "PSA: Android 6.0 Marshmallow support is now deprecated in the Chromium code base". groups.google.com. Retrieved October 28, 2022. https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/g/chromium-dev/c/z_RvoPoIeoM ↩

  249. "Chrome 95 brings Material You to everyone, adds secure payment confirmation, and more". XDA Developers. October 21, 2021. Retrieved November 18, 2021. https://www.xda-developers.com/chrome-95-material-you-for-everyone-secure-payments/ ↩

  250. "PSA: Android KitKat Support is now deprecated in the Chromium code base". groups.google.com. https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/g/chromium-dev/c/p1nOzmB2zig/m/aMb8SaRbAwAJ ↩

  251. "Google Chrome for Android is dropping support for Android 4.1-4.3 Jelly Bean". XDA Developers. October 5, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018. https://www.xda-developers.com/google-chrome-android-dropping-support-android-4-1-4-3-jelly-bean/ ↩

  252. "Install Chrome for Android Beta – Google Chrome Help". Google Inc. Archived from the original on February 17, 2021. Retrieved April 6, 2012. https://support.google.com/chrome/bin/answer.py?&answer=2393487 ↩

  253. Smith, Mat (February 7, 2012). "Google Chrome Beta arrives on Android (video)". Engadget. Archived from the original on June 20, 2019. Retrieved September 22, 2012. https://www.engadget.com/2012/02/07/google-chrome-browser-arrives-on-android-video/ ↩

  254. "Beta version of Chrome for Android 4.0 released". www.neowin.net. Archived from the original on September 24, 2016. Retrieved February 9, 2012..Cimpanu, Catalin (June 12, 2019). "Google promises to play nice with ad blockers (again)". ZDNet. Archived from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved June 13, 2019. https://www.neowin.net/news/beta-version-of-chrome-for-android-40-released ↩

  255. "Google Operating System: Chrome for Android". googlesystem.blogspot.com. February 7, 2012. Archived from the original on August 19, 2021. Retrieved August 18, 2021.Tung, Liam (January 23, 2019). "Google Chrome could soon kill off most ad-blocker extensions". ZDNet. Archived from the original on December 19, 2020. Retrieved June 13, 2019. https://googlesystem.blogspot.com/2012/02/chrome-for-android.html ↩

  256. "Google Chrome for Android – 23 Questions and Answers". Chrome Story. Archived from the original on February 11, 2012. Retrieved February 9, 2012.Mihalcik, Carrie (June 13, 2019). "Google says Chrome isn't killing ad-blocking extensions". CNET. Archived from the original on December 23, 2024. Retrieved May 21, 2025. https://web.archive.org/web/20120211042120/https://chromestory.com/2012/02/google-chrome-for-android-23-questions-and-answers-it-wont-support-flash/ ↩

  257. "Google Operating System: Chrome for Android". googlesystem.blogspot.com. February 7, 2012. Archived from the original on August 19, 2021. Retrieved August 18, 2021.Tung, Liam (January 23, 2019). "Google Chrome could soon kill off most ad-blocker extensions". ZDNet. Archived from the original on December 19, 2020. Retrieved June 13, 2019. https://googlesystem.blogspot.com/2012/02/chrome-for-android.html ↩

  258. Beverloo, Peter (February 7, 2012). "Bringing Google Chrome to Android". Archived from the original on May 9, 2020. Retrieved February 14, 2022."Resuming the transition to Manifest V3". Chrome for Developers. November 16, 2023. Archived from the original on November 22, 2023. Retrieved November 22, 2023. https://peter.sh/2012/02/bringing-google-chrome-to-android/ ↩

  259. Beverloo, Peter (February 7, 2012). "Bringing Google Chrome to Android". Archived from the original on May 9, 2020. Retrieved February 14, 2022."Resuming the transition to Manifest V3". Chrome for Developers. November 16, 2023. Archived from the original on November 22, 2023. Retrieved November 22, 2023. https://peter.sh/2012/02/bringing-google-chrome-to-android/ ↩

  260. "Beta version of Chrome for Android 4.0 released". www.neowin.net. Archived from the original on September 24, 2016. Retrieved February 9, 2012..Cimpanu, Catalin (June 12, 2019). "Google promises to play nice with ad blockers (again)". ZDNet. Archived from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved June 13, 2019. https://www.neowin.net/news/beta-version-of-chrome-for-android-40-released ↩

  261. "Beta version of Chrome for Android 4.0 released". www.neowin.net. Archived from the original on September 24, 2016. Retrieved February 9, 2012..Cimpanu, Catalin (June 12, 2019). "Google promises to play nice with ad blockers (again)". ZDNet. Archived from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved June 13, 2019. https://www.neowin.net/news/beta-version-of-chrome-for-android-40-released ↩

  262. Beverloo, Peter (February 7, 2012). "Bringing Google Chrome to Android". Archived from the original on May 9, 2020. Retrieved February 14, 2022."Resuming the transition to Manifest V3". Chrome for Developers. November 16, 2023. Archived from the original on November 22, 2023. Retrieved November 22, 2023. https://peter.sh/2012/02/bringing-google-chrome-to-android/ ↩

  263. "Google Operating System: Chrome for Android". googlesystem.blogspot.com. February 7, 2012. Archived from the original on August 19, 2021. Retrieved August 18, 2021.Tung, Liam (January 23, 2019). "Google Chrome could soon kill off most ad-blocker extensions". ZDNet. Archived from the original on December 19, 2020. Retrieved June 13, 2019. https://googlesystem.blogspot.com/2012/02/chrome-for-android.html ↩

  264. "Google Operating System: Chrome for Android". googlesystem.blogspot.com. February 7, 2012. Archived from the original on August 19, 2021. Retrieved August 18, 2021.Tung, Liam (January 23, 2019). "Google Chrome could soon kill off most ad-blocker extensions". ZDNet. Archived from the original on December 19, 2020. Retrieved June 13, 2019. https://googlesystem.blogspot.com/2012/02/chrome-for-android.html ↩

  265. "Google Chrome for Android – 23 Questions and Answers". Chrome Story. Archived from the original on February 11, 2012. Retrieved February 9, 2012.Mihalcik, Carrie (June 13, 2019). "Google says Chrome isn't killing ad-blocking extensions". CNET. Archived from the original on December 23, 2024. Retrieved May 21, 2025. https://web.archive.org/web/20120211042120/https://chromestory.com/2012/02/google-chrome-for-android-23-questions-and-answers-it-wont-support-flash/ ↩

  266. "Google Chrome for Android – 23 Questions and Answers". Chrome Story. Archived from the original on February 11, 2012. Retrieved February 9, 2012.Mihalcik, Carrie (June 13, 2019). "Google says Chrome isn't killing ad-blocking extensions". CNET. Archived from the original on December 23, 2024. Retrieved May 21, 2025. https://web.archive.org/web/20120211042120/https://chromestory.com/2012/02/google-chrome-for-android-23-questions-and-answers-it-wont-support-flash/ ↩

  267. "Google Chrome for Android – 23 Questions and Answers". Chrome Story. Archived from the original on February 11, 2012. Retrieved February 9, 2012.Mihalcik, Carrie (June 13, 2019). "Google says Chrome isn't killing ad-blocking extensions". CNET. Archived from the original on December 23, 2024. Retrieved May 21, 2025. https://web.archive.org/web/20120211042120/https://chromestory.com/2012/02/google-chrome-for-android-23-questions-and-answers-it-wont-support-flash/ ↩

  268. Piczkowski, Marcin (March 7, 2019). "When You Never Close Tabs on Your Mobile Chrome Browser". DEV.to. Archived from the original on December 3, 2020. Retrieved December 31, 2020."Google told to sell Chrome to end search monopoly". BBC. November 21, 2024. Retrieved November 21, 2024. https://dev.to/piczmar_0/when-you-never-close-tabs-on-your-mobile-chrome-browser-2boj ↩

  269. "Google Operating System: Chrome for Android". googlesystem.blogspot.com. February 7, 2012. Archived from the original on August 19, 2021. Retrieved August 18, 2021.Tung, Liam (January 23, 2019). "Google Chrome could soon kill off most ad-blocker extensions". ZDNet. Archived from the original on December 19, 2020. Retrieved June 13, 2019. https://googlesystem.blogspot.com/2012/02/chrome-for-android.html ↩

  270. Kayce Basques (April 13, 2015). "Remote debug Android devices". developer.chrome.com. Archived from the original on February 10, 2022. Retrieved February 11, 2022.. https://developer.chrome.com/docs/devtools/remote-debugging/ ↩

  271. Beverloo, Peter (February 7, 2012). "Bringing Google Chrome to Android". Archived from the original on May 9, 2020. Retrieved February 14, 2022."Resuming the transition to Manifest V3". Chrome for Developers. November 16, 2023. Archived from the original on November 22, 2023. Retrieved November 22, 2023. https://peter.sh/2012/02/bringing-google-chrome-to-android/ ↩

  272. Beverloo, Peter (February 7, 2012). "Bringing Google Chrome to Android". Archived from the original on May 9, 2020. Retrieved February 14, 2022."Resuming the transition to Manifest V3". Chrome for Developers. November 16, 2023. Archived from the original on November 22, 2023. Retrieved November 22, 2023. https://peter.sh/2012/02/bringing-google-chrome-to-android/ ↩

  273. Lardinois, Frederic (April 17, 2012). "Chrome For Android Gets Desktop View, Home Screen Bookmarks, File Downloads". Archived from the original on October 22, 2020. Retrieved June 25, 2017. https://techcrunch.com/2012/04/17/chrome-for-android-gets-desktop-view-home-screen-bookmarks-file-downloads/ ↩

  274. "Google Chrome for Android comes out of beta, Hits Play today". Engadget. AOL. June 27, 2012. Archived from the original on October 22, 2019. Retrieved June 27, 2012.."Chrome is world's number one browser for a day". StatCounter. March 21, 2012. https://www.engadget.com/2012/06/27/google-chrome-for-android/ ↩

  275. Rajagopalan, Srikanth (June 27, 2012). "Chrome for Android out of Beta!". Google Chrome Releases blog. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved September 22, 2012. https://googlechromereleases.blogspot.com/2012/06/chrome-for-android-out-of-beta.html ↩

  276. "Chrome for Android Update". Googlechromereleases.blogspot.hu. September 26, 2012. Archived from the original on May 31, 2013. Retrieved March 23, 2013. https://googlechromereleases.blogspot.com/2012/09/chrome-for-android-update_26.html ↩

  277. Protalinski, Emil (January 10, 2013). "Google launches Chrome Beta channel for Android 4.0+ phones and tablets, releases version 25". The Next Web. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved March 9, 2017.Thurrott, Paul (April 12, 2021). "Brave is Blocking Google FLoC". Thurrott.com. Archived from the original on April 13, 2021. Retrieved April 16, 2021. https://thenextweb.com/google/2013/01/10/google-launches-chrome-beta-channel-for-android-4-0-phones-and-tablets-releases-version-25/ ↩

  278. "Chrome Beta for Android". play.google.com. May 26, 2013. Archived from the original on February 17, 2021. Retrieved July 4, 2013. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.chrome.beta ↩

  279. "Google Chrome". App Store. July 17, 2023. Archived from the original on February 3, 2021. Retrieved August 25, 2020. https://apps.apple.com/us/app/google-chrome/id535886823 ↩

  280. "Google Chrome on iOS Hits #1 Free App". Forbes. Archived from the original on November 24, 2020. Retrieved August 29, 2017.Pachal, Peter (May 21, 2012). "Google Chrome Now the No. 1 Browser in the World". mashable.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20201124105829/https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidthier/2012/06/29/google-chrome-on-ios-hits-1-free-app/ ↩

  281. Beasley, Mike (June 3, 2014). "iOS 8 WebKit changes finally allow all apps to have the same performance as Safari". Archived from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved April 16, 2020. https://9to5mac.com/2014/06/03/ios-8-webkit-changes-finally-allow-all-apps-to-have-the-same-performance-as-safari/ ↩

  282. Reisinger, Don (July 18, 2012). "Chrome already nabs 1.5 percent of iOS browser market". CNET. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on January 24, 2021. Retrieved March 9, 2017. https://www.cnet.com/news/chrome-already-nabs-1-5-percent-of-ios-browser-market/ ↩

  283. "Stable Channel Update for Desktop". June 2, 2025. Retrieved June 3, 2025."Chrome's Share of iOS Usage Doubles Year-Over-Year to 3%". Macrumors. October 11, 2013. Archived from the original on October 23, 2020. Retrieved April 21, 2014. https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2025/06/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html ↩

  284. "Chrome Stable for iOS Update". June 3, 2025. Retrieved June 3, 2025."Google ends 32-bit Linux support for Chrome". OSNews. Archived from the original on June 20, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2022. https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2025/06/chrome-stable-for-ios-update.html ↩

  285. "Extended Stable Updates for Desktop". June 3, 2025. Retrieved June 3, 2025."Chrome stops declaring Linux systems obsolete – The H Open: News and Features". H-online.com. February 14, 2013. Archived from the original on March 26, 2013. Retrieved March 30, 2013. https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2025/06/extended-stable-updates-for-desktop.html ↩

  286. Pawliger, Marc (November 10, 2015). "Updates to Chrome platform support". Chrome Blog. Archived from the original on February 13, 2021. Retrieved March 9, 2017."Chrome tops 310 million users, almost 100% growth over last year". June 28, 2012. https://chrome.googleblog.com/2015/11/updates-to-chrome-platform-support.html ↩

  287. Cunningham, Andrew (April 14, 2016). "Chrome 50 ends support for Windows XP, OS X 10.6, other old versions". ArsTechnica. Archived from the original on May 5, 2016. Retrieved October 9, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160505071211/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/04/chrome-50-ends-support-for-windows-xp-os-x-10-6-other-old-versions/ ↩

  288. "Google Chrome and Chrome OS Additional Terms of Service". www.google.com. Archived from the original on January 24, 2018. Retrieved August 25, 2020."Stable Channel Update". googlechromereleases.blogspot.com. Archived from the original on October 19, 2016. Retrieved August 10, 2016. https://www.google.com/intl/en/chrome/terms/ ↩

  289. "Google Chrome 49.0.2623.112". filehippo.com. Archived from the original on September 4, 2016. Retrieved August 10, 2016. https://filehippo.com/download_google_chrome/67280/ ↩

  290. Angwin, Julia (July 9, 2009). "Sun Valley: Schmidt Didn't Want to Build Chrome Initially, He Says". WSJ Digits Blog. Archived from the original on August 5, 2020. Retrieved May 25, 2010."How Chrome is helping enterprises still using Windows 7". Google Cloud Blog. Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved January 15, 2020. /wiki/Julia_Angwin ↩

  291. "Chrome support for Windows 7 now until January 15, 2022". Google Cloud Blog. Archived from the original on January 29, 2021. Retrieved November 23, 2020. https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/chrome-enterprise/extending-chrome-on-windows-7-to-support-enterprise-customers/ ↩

  292. "Sunsetting support for Windows 7 / 8.1 in early 2023 – Google Chrome Community". support.google.com. Archived from the original on October 26, 2022. Retrieved October 26, 2022. https://support.google.com/chrome/thread/185534985/sunsetting-support-for-windows-7-8-1-in-early-2023?hl=en ↩

  293. "Google Chrome to drop support for Windows 7 / 8.1 in Feb 2023". BleepingComputer. Archived from the original on October 26, 2022. Retrieved October 26, 2022. https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/google/google-chrome-to-drop-support-for-windows-7-81-in-feb-2023/ ↩

  294. Lenssen, Philipp (September 1, 2008). "Google on Google Chrome – comic book". Google Blogoscoped. Archived from the original on September 1, 2008. Retrieved September 1, 2008.Haller, John (February 9, 2023). "Google Chrome Portable 110.0.5481.78 Stable (web browser) Released, Drops Windows 7 and 8". PortableApps.com. Archived from the original on May 23, 2023. Retrieved May 23, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20080901232927/http://blogoscoped.com/google-chrome/ ↩

  295. "Google Chrome comic". Google Book Search. September 1, 2008. Archived from the original on February 11, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2008.Newman, Jared (June 12, 2012). "Google Chrome Gets Early Metro-Style App for Windows 8". PCWorld. IDG. Archived from the original on September 9, 2012. Retrieved June 13, 2012. https://www.google.com/googlebooks/chrome/ ↩

  296. "Google is building Chrome OS straight into Windows 8". The Verge. October 5, 2013. Archived from the original on January 16, 2021. Retrieved October 5, 2013. https://www.theverge.com/2013/10/5/4806562/google-building-chrome-os-into-windows-8 ↩

  297. "Unable to open Google Chrome in windows 8 mode – Google Product Forums". Archived from the original on January 1, 2021. Retrieved September 29, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20210101051149/https://productforums.google.com/forum//chrome/44StwlC3Gz0 ↩

  298. "Google launches Chrome web browser". The Canadian Press. Associated Press. September 2, 2008. Archived from the original on September 6, 2008. Retrieved September 2, 2008."Chrome no longer supports Mac OS X 10.5". Google Inc. Archived from the original on March 29, 2015. https://www.cbc.ca/news/science/google-launches-chrome-web-browser-1.710550 ↩

  299. "Chrome updates on Mac 32-bit". Chrome help. Google Inc. Archived from the original on April 17, 2024. Retrieved May 23, 2014. https://support.google.com/chrome/answer/4660488? ↩

  300. Rakowski, Brian (December 8, 2009). "Google Chrome for the holidays: Mac, Linux and extensions in beta". Official Google Blog. Archived from the original on March 12, 2017. Retrieved March 9, 2017."Google to Discontinue 32-bit Chrome for Mac Next Month". OMG! Chrome!. September 4, 2014. Archived from the original on February 15, 2022. Retrieved February 15, 2022. https://googleblog.blogspot.no/2009/12/google-chrome-for-holidays-mac-linux.html ↩

  301. "Stable Channel Update". googleblog.com. November 18, 2014. Archived from the original on March 11, 2017. Retrieved November 18, 2014. https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2014/11/stable-channel-update_18.html ↩

  302. "M116 will be the last Chromium to support macOS 10.13 and 10.14". groups.google.com. January 27, 2023. Archived from the original on June 27, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2023. https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/g/chromium-dev/c/z-d1QfKuoBU ↩

  303. "Google Chrome is ending support for macOS Catalina". www.androidpolice.com. August 9, 2024. Retrieved August 11, 2024. https://www.androidpolice.com/google-chrome-ending-support-macos-catalina/ ↩

  304. Dylan F. Tweney (November 19, 2009). "Gadget Lab Hardware News and Reviews Google Chrome OS: Ditch Your Hard Drives, the Future Is the Web". Wired. Condé Nast. Archived from the original on April 9, 2014. Retrieved November 22, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20140409144108/https://www.wired.com/2009/11/google-chrome-os-ditch-your-hard-drives-the-future-is-the-web/ ↩

  305. Rura, Steve (March 2011). "A fresh take on an icon". Retrieved March 22, 2011.Sengupta, Caesar; Papakipos, Matt (November 19, 2009). "Releasing the Chromium OS open source project". Official Google Blog. Archived from the original on September 30, 2017. Retrieved March 9, 2017. https://chrome.blogspot.com/2011/03/fresh-take-on-icon.html ↩

  306. Stokes, Jon (January 20, 2010). "Google talks Chrome OS, HTML5, and the future of software". Ars Technica. Condé Nast. Archived from the original on March 12, 2017. Retrieved March 9, 2017. https://arstechnica.com/business/2010/01/chrome-os-interview-1/ ↩

  307. Womack, Brian (July 8, 2009). "Google to Challenge Microsoft With Operating System". Bloomberg. Retrieved July 8, 2009."Change MSI from a wrapper to "full" MSI". January 4, 2011. Retrieved April 8, 2012. https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=aTd2k.YdQZ.Y ↩

  308. Hansell, Saul (July 8, 2009). "Would you miss Windows with a Google operating system?". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 10, 2009. Retrieved July 8, 2009. https://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/07/08/would-you-miss-windows-with-a-google-operating-system/ ↩

  309. Shankland, Stephen (October 7, 2008). "Speed test: Google Chrome beats Firefox, IE, Safari". CNET. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on January 29, 2020. Retrieved March 9, 2017.Pichai, Sundar; Upson, Linus (July 7, 2009). "Introducing the Google Chrome OS". Official Google Blog. Archived from the original on November 22, 2016. Retrieved March 9, 2017. https://www.cnet.com/news/speed-test-google-chrome-beats-firefox-ie-safari/ ↩

  310. Mediati, Nick (July 7, 2009). "Google Announces Chrome OS". PC World. IDG. Archived from the original on January 19, 2010. Retrieved July 8, 2009."Google Update for Enterprise – Google Help". Retrieved July 11, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20100119024148/http://www.pcworld.com/article/168028/google_announces_chrome_os.html ↩

  311. "Set your home page". support.google.com. September 23, 2021. Archived from the original on September 22, 2023. Retrieved February 6, 2022.Moore, Matthew (September 2, 2008). "Google Chrome browser: Review of reviews". Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 10, 2022. Retrieved September 24, 2011. https://support.google.com/chrome/answer/95314 ↩

  312. Liedtke, Michael (September 3, 2008). "Google polishes product line with Chrome browser". The Jakarta Post. Associated Press. Archived from the original on June 23, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120623142424/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2008/09/03/google-polishes-product-line-with-chrome-browser.html ↩

  313. Jaroslovsky, Rich (February 25, 2010). "Browser Wars: The Sequel". BusinessWeek. Archived from the original on March 1, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100301162216/http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/10_10/b4169074693523.htm ↩

  314. "Thoughts on Chrome & More". John's Blog. September 1, 2008. Archived from the original on May 27, 2010. Retrieved May 13, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100527064451/http://john.jubjubs.net/2008/09/01/thoughts-on-chrome-more ↩

  315. Collins, Barry (September 2, 2008). "Mozilla: Google's not trying to kill us". PC Pro. Dennis Publishing. Archived from the original on February 10, 2009. Retrieved July 11, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20090210111805/https://www.pcpro.co.uk/news/222147/mozilla-google-is-not-trying-to-kill-us.html ↩

  316. Mediati, Nick (September 3, 2008). "Google Chrome Web Browser". PC World. IDG. Archived from the original on September 6, 2008. Retrieved September 7, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080906202806/http://www.pcworld.com/article/150579/google_chrome_web_browser.html ↩

  317. Rakowski, Brian (December 8, 2009). "Google Chrome Extensions Blog Announcement". Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved February 25, 2010."Google's Chrome Becomes Web 'Gatekeeper' and Rivals Complain". Bloomberg.com. May 28, 2019. Archived from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved May 28, 2019. https://chrome.blogspot.com/2009/12/google-chrome-for-holidays-mac-linux.html ↩

  318. Warren, Tom (January 4, 2018). "Chrome is turning into the new Internet Explorer 6". The Verge. Archived from the original on January 5, 2021. Retrieved May 28, 2019. https://www.theverge.com/2018/1/4/16805216/google-chrome-only-sites-internet-explorer-6-web-standards ↩

  319. Barnett, Daly (December 9, 2021). "Chrome Users Beware: Manifest V3 is Deceitful and Threatening". Electronic Frontier Foundation. Archived from the original on May 16, 2023. Retrieved November 22, 2023. https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2021/12/chrome-users-beware-manifest-v3-deceitful-and-threatening ↩

  320. "Google settles $5 billion privacy lawsuit over tracking people using 'incognito mode'". NPR. Archived from the original on January 1, 2024. Retrieved January 1, 2024. https://www.npr.org/2023/12/30/1222268415/google-settles-5-billion-privacy-lawsuit ↩

  321. Falkvinge, Rick (June 18, 2015). "Google Chrome Listening In To Your Room Shows The Importance Of Privacy Defense In Depth". Private Internet Access Blog. Retrieved April 7, 2018. /wiki/Rick_Falkvinge ↩

  322. Bright, Peter. "Not OK, Google: Chromium voice extension pulled after spying concerns". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on April 8, 2018. Retrieved April 7, 2018. https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2015/06/not-ok-google-chromium-voice-extension-pulled-after-spying-concerns/ ↩

  323. "Diff – 0366a5184a70b3eefb5fcef2c2e13721669f00d8^! - chromium/src – Git at Google". chromium.googlesource.com. Archived from the original on September 27, 2017. Retrieved September 26, 2017. https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/0366a5184a70b3eefb5fcef2c2e13721669f00d8%5E!/ ↩

  324. "Chrome Releases: Stable Channel Update". googlechromereleases.blogspot.ca. Archived from the original on September 4, 2015. Retrieved September 1, 2015. https://googlechromereleases.blogspot.ca/2015/09/stable-channel-update.html ↩

  325. "Google Chrome, Chromium, and Google". The Chromium Blog. October 1, 2008. https://blog.chromium.org/2008/10/google-chrome-chromium-and-google.html ↩

  326. "Welcome to the Botnet". April 7, 2018. Archived from the original on April 7, 2018. Retrieved April 7, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180407160959/https://8ch.net/tech/chrome.html ↩

  327. "Google Chrome Privacy Notice". google.com. September 23, 2021. Archived from the original on February 6, 2022. Retrieved February 6, 2022. https://www.google.com/intl/en/chrome/privacy/ ↩

  328. "Google Reacts to Some Chrome Privacy Concerns". Archived from the original on September 12, 2008. Retrieved September 24, 2008.Wheatley, Mike (April 11, 2019). "Google debuts centralized controls for Chrome browser deployments". siliconangle.com. Archived from the original on April 12, 2019. Retrieved May 6, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20080912033159/http://blogoscoped.com/archive/2008-09-09-n68.html ↩

  329. "SRWare Iron webpage". Archived from the original on September 27, 2019. Retrieved October 12, 2008. https://www.srware.net/en/software_srware_iron.php ↩

  330. "In The Open, For RLZ". The Chromium Blog. June 2, 2010. Retrieved June 20, 2010."Home (Chromium Developer Documentation)". Chromium Developer Documentation. 2009. Retrieved May 5, 2009. https://blog.chromium.org/2010/06/in-open-for-rlz.html ↩

  331. "Pwn2Own 2012: Google Chrome browser sandbox first to fall". ZDNet. CBS Interactive. March 7, 2012. Archived from the original on October 24, 2014. Retrieved April 8, 2012."Google Chrome Unique Identifier Change". The Register. March 16, 2010. Archived from the original on January 4, 2012. Retrieved March 24, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20141024050135/http://www.zdnet.com/blog/security/pwn2own-2012-google-chrome-browser-sandbox-first-to-fall/10588 ↩

  332. Fried, Ina (October 7, 2008). "Google's Omnibox could be Pandora's box". CNET. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on March 12, 2017. Retrieved March 9, 2017. https://www.cnet.com/news/googles-omnibox-could-be-pandoras-box/ ↩

  333. "Google Chrome Privacy Whitepaper". Archived from the original on May 9, 2019. https://archive.today/20190509014827/https://www.google.com/intl/en/chrome/privacy/whitepaper.html#selection-1669.0-1672.0 ↩

  334. Fowler, Geoffrey A. "Review | Goodbye, Chrome: Google's Web browser has become spy software". Washington Post. Archived from the original on April 24, 2020. Retrieved April 16, 2020. https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/06/21/google-chrome-has-become-surveillance-software-its-time-switch/ ↩

  335. "SRWare Iron webpage". Archived from the original on September 27, 2019. Retrieved October 12, 2008. https://www.srware.net/en/software_srware_iron.php ↩

  336. "Google Chrome Privacy Whitepaper" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on July 2, 2010. Retrieved April 8, 2012. https://www.google.com/intl/en/landing/chrome/google-chrome-privacy-whitepaper.pdf ↩

  337. "&rlz= in Google referrer: Organic traffic or AdWords?". December 9, 2008. Archived from the original on June 15, 2012. Retrieved February 27, 2009. https://foliovision.com/2008/12/09/adwords-ppc-organic-rlz/ ↩

  338. "Google Chrome Privacy Whitepaper" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on July 2, 2010. Retrieved April 8, 2012. https://www.google.com/intl/en/landing/chrome/google-chrome-privacy-whitepaper.pdf ↩

  339. "In The Open, For RLZ". The Chromium Blog. June 2, 2010. Retrieved June 20, 2010."Home (Chromium Developer Documentation)". Chromium Developer Documentation. 2009. Retrieved May 5, 2009. https://blog.chromium.org/2010/06/in-open-for-rlz.html ↩

  340. "Google Chrome Privacy Whitepaper" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on July 2, 2010. Retrieved April 8, 2012. https://www.google.com/intl/en/landing/chrome/google-chrome-privacy-whitepaper.pdf ↩

  341. "Google Chrome Privacy Whitepaper" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on July 2, 2010. Retrieved April 8, 2012. https://www.google.com/intl/en/landing/chrome/google-chrome-privacy-whitepaper.pdf ↩

  342. "Google Chrome Privacy Whitepaper" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on July 2, 2010. Retrieved April 8, 2012. https://www.google.com/intl/en/landing/chrome/google-chrome-privacy-whitepaper.pdf ↩

  343. RLZ can be disabled in Chrome OS, and is not sent on desktop versions of Chrome if it was downloaded directly from Google. RLZ cannot be disabled on mobile versions of Chrome. ↩

  344. "Google Chrome Privacy Whitepaper" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on July 2, 2010. Retrieved April 8, 2012. https://www.google.com/intl/en/landing/chrome/google-chrome-privacy-whitepaper.pdf ↩

  345. "Google Reacts to Some Chrome Privacy Concerns". Archived from the original on September 12, 2008. Retrieved September 24, 2008.Wheatley, Mike (April 11, 2019). "Google debuts centralized controls for Chrome browser deployments". siliconangle.com. Archived from the original on April 12, 2019. Retrieved May 6, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20080912033159/http://blogoscoped.com/archive/2008-09-09-n68.html ↩

  346. Controlled by the setting "Send usage statistics and error reports"; default off"Chromium Terms and Conditions". Google Code. September 2, 2008. Archived from the original on September 4, 2008. Retrieved September 3, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080904201317/https://code.google.com/chromium/terms.html ↩

  347. "Google Reacts to Some Chrome Privacy Concerns". Archived from the original on September 12, 2008. Retrieved September 24, 2008.Wheatley, Mike (April 11, 2019). "Google debuts centralized controls for Chrome browser deployments". siliconangle.com. Archived from the original on April 12, 2019. Retrieved May 6, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20080912033159/http://blogoscoped.com/archive/2008-09-09-n68.html ↩

  348. "Google Chrome Privacy Whitepaper" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on July 2, 2010. Retrieved April 8, 2012. https://www.google.com/intl/en/landing/chrome/google-chrome-privacy-whitepaper.pdf ↩

  349. Requires advanced user interventionPaul, Ryan (March 2010). "Google bakes Flash into Chrome, hopes to improve plug-in API". Archived from the original on May 5, 2012. Retrieved March 14, 2010. https://arstechnica.com/web/news/2010/03/google-bakes-flash-into-chrome-hopes-to-improve-plugin-api.ars ↩

  350. "Turning Off Auto Updates in Google Chrome". Archived from the original on August 11, 2023. Retrieved December 12, 2014. https://www.chromium.org/administrators/turning-off-auto-updates ↩

  351. "Google's IP Protection Raises Concerns for Some Advertisers". AdMonsters. January 9, 2024. Retrieved August 8, 2024. https://www.admonsters.com/googles-ip-protection-advertisers-concerns/ ↩

  352. "Google Chrome IP Protection Github Issue Tracker". GitHub. Retrieved August 8, 2024. https://github.com/GoogleChrome/ip-protection/issues ↩

  353. "Google Facing Fresh E.U. Inquiry Over Ad Technology". The New York Times. June 22, 2021. Archived from the original on April 15, 2023. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/22/business/google-antitrust-european-union.html ↩

  354. Schechner, Sam (January 25, 2021). "Google Progresses Plan to Remove Third-Party Cookies". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on January 25, 2021. Retrieved January 25, 2021. https://www.wsj.com/articles/google-progresses-plan-to-remove-third-party-cookies-11611581604 ↩

  355. Patel, Bowdeya Tweh and Sahil (January 14, 2020). "Google Chrome to Phase Out Third-Party Cookies in Effort to Boost Privacy". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved January 25, 2021. https://www.wsj.com/articles/google-chrome-to-phase-out-third-party-cookies-in-effort-to-boost-privacy-11579026834 ↩

  356. Schechner, Sam (January 8, 2021). "Google Chrome Privacy Plan Faces U.K. Competition Probe". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on January 25, 2021. Retrieved January 25, 2021. https://www.wsj.com/articles/google-chrome-privacy-plan-faces-u-k-competition-probe-11610119589 ↩

  357. Bridge, Henry (August 2, 2010). "Google Chrome in a Coal Mine". Chromium Blog. Archived from the original on March 31, 2015. Retrieved March 19, 2015.Clark, Mitchell (April 9, 2021). "DuckDuckGo promises to block Google's latest ad-tracking tech — if Google allows it". The Verge. Archived from the original on April 19, 2021. Retrieved April 16, 2021. https://blog.chromium.org/2010/08/google-chrome-in-coal-mine.html ↩

  358. Protalinski, Emil (January 10, 2013). "Google launches Chrome Beta channel for Android 4.0+ phones and tablets, releases version 25". The Next Web. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved March 9, 2017.Thurrott, Paul (April 12, 2021). "Brave is Blocking Google FLoC". Thurrott.com. Archived from the original on April 13, 2021. Retrieved April 16, 2021. https://thenextweb.com/google/2013/01/10/google-launches-chrome-beta-channel-for-android-4-0-phones-and-tablets-releases-version-25/ ↩

  359. "EFF technologist cites Google "breach of trust" on FLoC; key ad-tech change agent departs IAB Tech Lab". Information Trust Exchange Governing Association. Archived from the original on April 12, 2021. Retrieved April 16, 2021. https://itega.org/2021/04/02/privacy-beat-eff-technologist-cites-google-breach-of-trust-on-floc-key-ad-tech-change-agent-departs-iab-tech-lab/ ↩

  360. "Google's FLoC Is a Terrible Idea". Electronic Frontier Foundation. March 3, 2021. Archived from the original on June 26, 2021. Retrieved June 19, 2023. https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2021/03/googles-floc-terrible-idea ↩

  361. Roth, Emma (January 25, 2022). "Google abandons FLoC, introduces Topics API to replace tracking cookies". The Verge. Archived from the original on April 15, 2022. Retrieved January 25, 2022. https://www.theverge.com/2022/1/25/22900567/google-floc-abandon-topics-api-cookies-tracking ↩

  362. Li, Abner (January 25, 2022). "Google drops FLoC and proposes new Topics API for replacing third-party cookies used by ads". 9to5Google. Archived from the original on January 25, 2022. Retrieved January 25, 2022. https://9to5google.com/2022/01/25/google-topics-api-floc/ ↩

  363. Amadeo, Ron (November 21, 2023). "Google Chrome will limit ad blockers starting June 2024". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on November 22, 2023. Retrieved November 22, 2023. https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2023/11/google-chrome-will-limit-ad-blockers-starting-june-2024/ ↩

  364. Amadeo, Ron (November 21, 2023). "Google Chrome will limit ad blockers starting June 2024". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on November 22, 2023. Retrieved November 22, 2023. https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2023/11/google-chrome-will-limit-ad-blockers-starting-june-2024/ ↩

  365. "Inside the 'arms race' between YouTube and ad blockers". Engadget. December 1, 2023. Archived from the original on December 2, 2023. Retrieved December 2, 2023. https://www.engadget.com/inside-the-arms-race-between-youtube-and-ad-blockers-140031824.html ↩

  366. Amadeo, Ron (December 1, 2023). "Chrome's next weapon in the War on Ad Blockers: Slower extension updates". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on December 2, 2023. Retrieved December 2, 2023. https://arstechnica.com/google/2023/12/chromes-next-weapon-in-the-war-on-ad-blockers-slower-extension-updates/ ↩

  367. Barnett, Daly (December 9, 2021). "Chrome Users Beware: Manifest V3 is Deceitful and Threatening". Electronic Frontier Foundation. Archived from the original on May 16, 2023. Retrieved November 22, 2023. https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2021/12/chrome-users-beware-manifest-v3-deceitful-and-threatening ↩

  368. "Beta version of Chrome for Android 4.0 released". www.neowin.net. Archived from the original on September 24, 2016. Retrieved February 9, 2012..Cimpanu, Catalin (June 12, 2019). "Google promises to play nice with ad blockers (again)". ZDNet. Archived from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved June 13, 2019. https://www.neowin.net/news/beta-version-of-chrome-for-android-40-released ↩

  369. "Google Operating System: Chrome for Android". googlesystem.blogspot.com. February 7, 2012. Archived from the original on August 19, 2021. Retrieved August 18, 2021.Tung, Liam (January 23, 2019). "Google Chrome could soon kill off most ad-blocker extensions". ZDNet. Archived from the original on December 19, 2020. Retrieved June 13, 2019. https://googlesystem.blogspot.com/2012/02/chrome-for-android.html ↩

  370. "Google Chrome for Android – 23 Questions and Answers". Chrome Story. Archived from the original on February 11, 2012. Retrieved February 9, 2012.Mihalcik, Carrie (June 13, 2019). "Google says Chrome isn't killing ad-blocking extensions". CNET. Archived from the original on December 23, 2024. Retrieved May 21, 2025. https://web.archive.org/web/20120211042120/https://chromestory.com/2012/02/google-chrome-for-android-23-questions-and-answers-it-wont-support-flash/ ↩

  371. Amadeo, Ron (November 21, 2023). "Google Chrome will limit ad blockers starting June 2024". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on November 22, 2023. Retrieved November 22, 2023. https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2023/11/google-chrome-will-limit-ad-blockers-starting-june-2024/ ↩

  372. Barnett, Daly (December 9, 2021). "Chrome Users Beware: Manifest V3 is Deceitful and Threatening". Electronic Frontier Foundation. Archived from the original on May 16, 2023. Retrieved November 22, 2023. https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2021/12/chrome-users-beware-manifest-v3-deceitful-and-threatening ↩

  373. Beverloo, Peter (February 7, 2012). "Bringing Google Chrome to Android". Archived from the original on May 9, 2020. Retrieved February 14, 2022."Resuming the transition to Manifest V3". Chrome for Developers. November 16, 2023. Archived from the original on November 22, 2023. Retrieved November 22, 2023. https://peter.sh/2012/02/bringing-google-chrome-to-android/ ↩

  374. Amadeo, Ron (November 21, 2023). "Google Chrome will limit ad blockers starting June 2024". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on November 22, 2023. Retrieved November 22, 2023. https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2023/11/google-chrome-will-limit-ad-blockers-starting-june-2024/ ↩

  375. "Microsoft rolls out new Edge extensions API but promises to leave ad blockers alone". ZDNET. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved December 6, 2023. https://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-rolls-out-new-edge-extensions-api-but-promises-to-leave-ad-blockers-alone/ ↩

  376. Amadeo, Ron (December 1, 2023). "Chrome's next weapon in the War on Ad Blockers: Slower extension updates". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on December 2, 2023. Retrieved December 2, 2023. https://arstechnica.com/google/2023/12/chromes-next-weapon-in-the-war-on-ad-blockers-slower-extension-updates/ ↩

  377. Robins-Early, Nick (August 6, 2024). "Google broke law to maintain online search monopoly, US judge rules". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved November 21, 2024. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/article/2024/aug/05/google-loses-antitrust-lawsuit ↩

  378. Piczkowski, Marcin (March 7, 2019). "When You Never Close Tabs on Your Mobile Chrome Browser". DEV.to. Archived from the original on December 3, 2020. Retrieved December 31, 2020."Google told to sell Chrome to end search monopoly". BBC. November 21, 2024. Retrieved November 21, 2024. https://dev.to/piczmar_0/when-you-never-close-tabs-on-your-mobile-chrome-browser-2boj ↩

  379. "Desktop Browser Market Share Worldwide". StatCounter.Garthwaite, Emily (June 19, 2014). "Google throws PDFium into the open source community". IT Pro Portal. Retrieved September 11, 2016. https://gs.statcounter.com/browser-market-share/desktop/worldwide/#monthly-202209-202209-bar ↩

  380. "Google Chrome for Android comes out of beta, Hits Play today". Engadget. AOL. June 27, 2012. Archived from the original on October 22, 2019. Retrieved June 27, 2012.."Chrome is world's number one browser for a day". StatCounter. March 21, 2012. https://www.engadget.com/2012/06/27/google-chrome-for-android/ ↩

  381. "Chrome overtakes Internet Explorer as No. 1 browser -- maybe". CNN. May 21, 2012. Retrieved May 21, 2012. https://www.cnn.com/2012/05/21/tech/web/chrome-explorer-browser-wars/index.html ↩

  382. "Google Chrome on iOS Hits #1 Free App". Forbes. Archived from the original on November 24, 2020. Retrieved August 29, 2017.Pachal, Peter (May 21, 2012). "Google Chrome Now the No. 1 Browser in the World". mashable.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20201124105829/https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidthier/2012/06/29/google-chrome-on-ios-hits-1-free-app/ ↩

  383. Pawliger, Marc (November 10, 2015). "Updates to Chrome platform support". Chrome Blog. Archived from the original on February 13, 2021. Retrieved March 9, 2017."Chrome tops 310 million users, almost 100% growth over last year". June 28, 2012. https://chrome.googleblog.com/2015/11/updates-to-chrome-platform-support.html ↩

  384. "Stats Counter US Monthly bar graph". June 2013. Retrieved July 25, 2013. https://gs.statcounter.com/#browser-US-monthly-201306-201306-bar ↩

  385. Fox, Zoe (August 14, 2013). "43% of Global Web Surfers Choose Google Chrome". Mashable. https://mashable.com/2013/08/14/google-chrome-global-share/ ↩

  386. Womack, Brian (July 8, 2009). "Google to Challenge Microsoft With Operating System". Bloomberg. Retrieved July 8, 2009."Change MSI from a wrapper to "full" MSI". January 4, 2011. Retrieved April 8, 2012. https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=aTd2k.YdQZ.Y ↩

  387. Paul, Ryan (December 16, 2010). "Google offering MSI to simplify Chrome enterprise deployment". Ars Technica. Condé Nast. Retrieved March 9, 2017. https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2010/12/google-offering-msi-to-simplify-chrome-enterprise-deployment/ ↩

  388. Mediati, Nick (July 7, 2009). "Google Announces Chrome OS". PC World. IDG. Archived from the original on January 19, 2010. Retrieved July 8, 2009."Google Update for Enterprise – Google Help". Retrieved July 11, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20100119024148/http://www.pcworld.com/article/168028/google_announces_chrome_os.html ↩

  389. "Issue 2423 – chromium – Windows Roaming Profile support – An open-source browser project to help move the web forward. – Google Project Hosting". September 17, 2008. Retrieved April 8, 2012. https://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=2423 ↩

  390. "Chrome Enterprise release notes – Google Chrome Enterprise Help". support.google.com. https://support.google.com/chrome/a/answer/7679408?hl=en ↩

  391. "Chrome Enterprise Policy List & Management | Documentation". Google Cloud. https://cloud.google.com/docs/chrome-enterprise/policies ↩

  392. "Google launches Chrome Enterprise subscription service for Chrome OS". August 22, 2017. Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved August 25, 2020. https://techcrunch.com/2017/08/22/google-launches-chrome-enterprise-for-businesses-that-want-to-use-chrome-os/ ↩

  393. "Google Reacts to Some Chrome Privacy Concerns". Archived from the original on September 12, 2008. Retrieved September 24, 2008.Wheatley, Mike (April 11, 2019). "Google debuts centralized controls for Chrome browser deployments". siliconangle.com. Archived from the original on April 12, 2019. Retrieved May 6, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20080912033159/http://blogoscoped.com/archive/2008-09-09-n68.html ↩

  394. "In The Open, For RLZ". The Chromium Blog. June 2, 2010. Retrieved June 20, 2010."Home (Chromium Developer Documentation)". Chromium Developer Documentation. 2009. Retrieved May 5, 2009. https://blog.chromium.org/2010/06/in-open-for-rlz.html ↩

  395. Controlled by the setting "Send usage statistics and error reports"; default off"Chromium Terms and Conditions". Google Code. September 2, 2008. Archived from the original on September 4, 2008. Retrieved September 3, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080904201317/https://code.google.com/chromium/terms.html ↩

  396. Chromium Project (March 2011). "ChromiumBrowserVsGoogleChrome". Retrieved July 10, 2011. https://code.google.com/p/chromium/wiki/ChromiumBrowserVsGoogleChrome ↩

  397. McAllister, Neil (September 11, 2008). "Building Google Chrome: A first look". InfoWorld. IDG. Archived from the original on September 13, 2008. Retrieved September 16, 2008. As the name suggests, Chromium is a rawer, less polished version of Chrome. The UI is mostly identical, with only a few very minor visual differences. [...] The most readily evident difference is the logo, which sheds the Google colors in favor of a subdued blue design. https://web.archive.org/web/20080913214424/https://weblog.infoworld.com/fatalexception/archives/2008/09/building_google.html ↩

  398. "In The Open, For RLZ". The Chromium Blog. June 2, 2010. Retrieved June 20, 2010."Home (Chromium Developer Documentation)". Chromium Developer Documentation. 2009. Retrieved May 5, 2009. https://blog.chromium.org/2010/06/in-open-for-rlz.html ↩

  399. "Google Chrome, Chromium, and Google". The Chromium Blog. October 1, 2008. https://blog.chromium.org/2008/10/google-chrome-chromium-and-google.html ↩

  400. "Differences between Google Chrome and Linux distro Chromium". 2010. Retrieved September 1, 2010. https://code.google.com/p/chromium/wiki/ChromiumBrowserVsGoogleChrome ↩

  401. "Chromium revision log: Changes in revision 271531". May 20, 2014. Retrieved May 24, 2014. https://src.chromium.org/viewvc/chrome?view=revision&revision=271531 ↩

  402. "Change log for Chromium wiki showing removal of a part that said PDF support were different between Chromium and Google Chrome". May 20, 2014. Retrieved May 24, 2014. https://code.google.com/p/chromium/source/diff?spec=svn4547&r=4547&format=side&path=/wiki/ChromiumBrowserVsGoogleChrome.wiki ↩

  403. "Desktop Browser Market Share Worldwide". StatCounter.Garthwaite, Emily (June 19, 2014). "Google throws PDFium into the open source community". IT Pro Portal. Retrieved September 11, 2016. https://gs.statcounter.com/browser-market-share/desktop/worldwide/#monthly-202209-202209-bar ↩

  404. "Developer's Guide – Google Chrome". Developer.chrome.com. September 17, 2012. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved February 17, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20201118040743/https://developer.chrome.com/extensions/devguide ↩

  405. "Chrome Web Store". chrome.google.com. https://chrome.google.com/webstore/ ↩

  406. "Latest in Malware: eFast Browser Attacks with False Google Chrome, Traps Users with Adware". Bay Computing. March 30, 2017. Retrieved September 11, 2021. https://baymcp.com/latest-in-malware-efast-browser-attacks-with-false-google-chrome-traps-users-with-adware/ ↩

  407. "Clever Malware Replaces Web Browser with Dangerous 'eFast' Chrome Lookalike". Remove Spyware & Malware with SpyHunter – EnigmaSoft Ltd. October 20, 2015. Retrieved September 11, 2021. https://www.enigmasoftware.com/malware-replaces-web-browser-efast-chrome-lookalike/ ↩

  408. "eFast Browser Removal Guide". Bleeping Computer. October 28, 2015. Retrieved September 11, 2021. https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/virus-removal/remove-efast-browser ↩