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Microsoft Edge
Web browser developed by Microsoft

Microsoft Edge is a proprietary cross-platform web browser based on the Chromium open-source project, replacing Edge Legacy. Initially launched for Android and iOS in 2017, it was rebuilt as a Chromium-based browser with Blink and V8 engines, enabling support across Windows 10, macOS, Linux, and Xbox. Since Windows 11, Edge is Microsoft’s only browser available by default. As of January 2025, per StatCounter, Edge ranks as the second most popular desktop browser worldwide, trailing only Chrome and surpassing Safari, holding around 11% market share globally.

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Features

The new Microsoft Edge is the default web browser, replacing Edge Legacy.

In Windows 11, Edge is the only browser available from Microsoft (for compatibility1920 with Google Chrome).21 However, it includes an "Internet Explorer mode", which is aimed at fixing compatibility issues; it provides the legacy MSHTML browser engine and supports the legacy ActiveX and BHO technologies.22

New Edge also has a new feature called vertical tabs which allow users to move tabs on the left side of the screen.23

As of December 2022, there are more than 9,000 extensions—called add-ons—available for Edge.24

On February 7, 2023, Microsoft announced a major overhaul to Edge, revamping the user interface with Fluent Design, along with adding a Bing Chat (later known as Microsoft Copilot) button, which replaces the Discover button.25

Microsoft also added compatibility for split screen, i.e., 2 tabs can be viewed at the same time. A new feature, "Workspaces" was introduced, which basically lets the user create different spaces for various things. These workspaces are also collaborative, users can invite friends or colleagues and seamlessly have completely separate workspace for collaboration.

Edge for Business

Starting with Edge version 116, Microsoft released Microsoft Edge for Business. A new business mode for Edge that enables end users to completely separates work and personal browsing into dedicated browser windows, in addition to offering other features aimed at admins.26

Release channels

On April 8, 2019, Microsoft announced the introduction of four preview channels: Canary, Dev, Beta, and Stable and launched the Canary and Dev channels that same day with the first preview builds, for those channels, of the new Edge. Microsoft collectively calls the Canary, Dev, and Beta channels the "Microsoft Edge insider channels".27 As a result, Edge updates were decoupled from new versions of Windows. Major versions of Edge Stable are now scheduled for release every 4 weeks, closely following Chromium version releases.

Surf (video game)

Main article: Surf (video game)

In May 2020, an update to Microsoft Edge added Surf, a browser game where players control a surfer attempting to evade obstacles and collect power-ups. Similar to Google Chrome's Dinosaur Game, Surf is accessible from the browser's offline error page and can also be accessed by entering edge://surf into the address bar. The game features three game modes (classic, time trial, and slalom), has character customization, and supports keyboard, mouse, touch, and gamepad controls.2829 Its gameplay has been compared to the 1991 Microsoft video game SkiFree.3031

In 2021, Surf was updated with limited-time seasonal theming resembling SkiFree. Instead of surfing, the player skis down a mountain while being chased by a yeti.32

Development

In November 2017, Microsoft released ports of Edge for Android and iOS.[11][12] The apps feature integration and synchronization with the desktop version on Windows PCs. Due to platform restrictions and other factors, these ports did not use the same layout engine as the current desktop version at the time (Edge Legacy) and instead use OS-native Blink and WebKit-based engines.3334[6]

Codenamed "Anaheim", on December 6, 2018, Microsoft announced its intent to base Edge on the Chromium source code, using the same browser engine as Google Chrome but with enhancements developed by Microsoft. It was also announced that there will be versions of Edge available for older Windows versions, including Windows 7 and Windows 8/8.1, and macOS, plus that all versions will be updated on a more frequent basis.3536 According to Microsoft executive Joe Belfiore, the decision for the change came after CEO Satya Nadella told the team in 2017 that the product needed to be better and pushed for replacing its in-house rendering engine with an open source one.37

On April 8, 2019, the first builds of the new Edge for Windows were released to the public.38 On May 20, 2019, the first preview builds of Edge for macOS were released to the public, marking the first time in 13 years that a Microsoft browser was available on the Mac platform.39 The last time a Microsoft browser was available on the Mac platform was Internet Explorer for Mac, which was withdrawn in January 2006.

On June 18, 2019, IAmA post on Reddit, an Edge developer stated that it was theoretically possible for a Linux version to be developed in the future, but no work had actually started on that possibility.40 On June 19, 2019, Microsoft made Edge available on old Windows versions for testing.41 Then on August 20, 2019, Microsoft made its first beta build of Edge available for Windows and macOS.42 At Microsoft Ignite, Microsoft released an updated version of the Edge logo.43

The new Edge was released on January 15, 2020, and was gradually rolled out to all Windows 10 users.4445 The new Edge was also rolled out to Windows users via Windows Update.46 Windows Vista and earlier were not supported at the time Edge started supporting older Windows versions.

On September 22, 2020, Microsoft announced that a beta version of Edge for Linux would be available in preview form in October 2020.47 This comes after the company announced in November 2019 that a Linux version would be developed and confirmed in May 2020 that the Linux version was in development.4849 The first preview build for Linux was released on October 20, 2020.50

Full support for the new Edge on older Windows versions was scheduled to end on January 15, 2022, but was later extended to January 15, 2023.5152

On April 29, 2022, Microsoft announced integrated VPN support for Microsoft Edge, coming in line with this privacy feature with Chrome and Firefox. There will be a free version of the integrated Edge VPN available but is limited to 1 GB of data transfer.53

On November 14, 2024, Microsoft announced that they will drop support for CPUs that lack the SSE3 instruction set with the release of Edge version 128.54

As of March 2, 2025, the Edge Canary channel has begun automatically disabling Manifest V2 extensions, notably impacting the uBlock Origin extension. However, thus far, they can be manually turned back on, and this doesn't affect the Dev, Beta, and Stable channels. This move, part of the transition to Manifest V3 (first imposed by Google in Google Chrome and subsequently in Chromium), has sparked notable debate among privacy advocates and users.555657

New Edge release history

Legend:UnsupportedSupportedLatest versionPreview versionFuture version
VersionBrowser engineRelease date(s)Highlights
79.0.3095859Blink 79January 15, 2020

Initial release of the Chromium-based version

80.0.36160Blink 80February 7, 2020
  • Added native support for ARM processors
  • The address bar now shows when a website is using the microphone and camera
  • Added warnings for potentially dangerous downloads
  • Extensions will now show their publisher
  • Added support for restoring sessions of websites that have been installed as apps after an update or crash
  • Added an option to the context menu to sort favorite folders by name
  • Added a new setting to always use Strict Tracking Prevention inside InPrivate windows
  • Extensions that influence the browser's appearance can now be installed from the Chrome Web Store
  • Added support for importing Firefox browser history
81.0.41661Blink 81April 13, 2020
  • Added keyboard shortcuts to access Read Aloud and Immersive Reader
  • Added the option to hide the Collections button
  • Improved favorites management with tools to remove duplicate favorites
  • A message will show when another app installs an extension within Microsoft Edge
  • Added support for Windows built-in spellchecker
  • Added support for using cards that have been saved in MSPay to be used on webpages
  • Added support for Dolby Vision
  • Added support for Microsoft Information Protection-enabled PDFs
  • Added 3D viewer in the F12 Developer Tools
  • Added a setting to enable or disable automatic profile switching
  • A dialog shows whenever a new data type is available to sync
  • The InPrivate button now uses a blue background
  • PDF Improvements:
    • Added support for highlighting text in a PDF
    • Added support for web-optimized PDFs that are downloaded one page at a time as they are being viewed
  • Added a page to settings informing users on how to install Microsoft Edge on their smartphone
83.0.47862Blink 83May 21, 2020
  • Future updates will roll out gradually to protect users from accidental buggy updates
  • Improvements to Microsoft Defender SmartScreen
  • Added the ability to exempt certain cookies from automatically clearing when the browser closes
  • Added Automatic Profile Switching
  • Collections improvements
    • The user can now drag and drop to add an item to a collection without opening the collection
    • Users can now add multiple items to a collection at once
    • Users can add all tabs in an Edge window into a new collection without adding them individually
  • Extensions from both the Microsoft and Chrome Stores will synchronize with Microsoft Edge on all the user's devices.
  • Improved message on the Downloads management page for insecure downloads that have been blocked
  • Immersive Reader improvements:
    • Added support for Adverbs in the Parts of Speech experience in Immersive Reader
    • Added the ability to select any content on a webpage and open it in Immersive Reader. This enables users to use the Immersive Reader and all the Learning Tools, such as Line Focus and Read Aloud, across all websites
  • Link doctor provides host correction and a search query to users when they mistype a URL
  • Allowed users to save their decision to launch an external protocol for a specific site
  • Users can set Microsoft Edge as their default browser directly from Microsoft Edge Settings, instead of having to search through the operating system settings
  • Several DevTools updates, including new remote debugging support, UI improvements, and more
  • MCAS (Microsoft Cloud Access Security) warn scenario is now available
84.0.52263Blink 84July 16, 2020
  • Reduced download delay for Internet Explorer mode site list to 0 seconds (down from 60 seconds) in the absence of a cached site list
    • Also added group policy support for cases when Internet Explorer mode home page navigations needs to be delayed until the site list is downloaded.
  • Allowed users to sign into the browser when Microsoft Edge is "run as administrator". This will help customers running Microsoft Edge in remote-desktop and sandbox scenarios
  • Added full mouse support when in full-screen mode. Mouse can be utilized to access tabs, the address bar, and other items without having to exit full-screen mode
  • Added a custom nickname option to saved debit or credit cards, making it easier to distinguish and differentiate cards when making online purchases. Giving nicknames to cards lets the user choose the correct card when using autofill to select a payment method
  • TLS/1.0 and TLS/1.1 are disabled by default
    • To help discover impacted sites, you can set the edge://flags/#display-legacy-tls-warnings flag to cause Microsoft Edge to display a non-blocking "Not Secure" notice when loading pages that require legacy TLS protocols. The SSLVersionMin policy permits re-enabling of TLS/1.0 and TLS/1.1. This policy will remain available until at least Microsoft Edge version 88
  • Collections improvements
    • Added a note capability allowing you to add a note or comment to an item in a collection
    • Added background color of notes in collections. Color coding can help organize information and increase productivity
    • Improved performance when exporting collections to Excel
  • Storage Access API support, which allows access to first-party storage in a third-party context when a user provides a direct intent to allow storage that would otherwise be blocked by the browser's current configuration
  • Native File System API support, which allows sites can be given permission to edit files or folders via the Native File System API
  • PDF improvements
    • Added Read Aloud for PDF
    • When saving an edit made to a PDF it can be sent back to the original file instead of a copy
    • Added an option to translate in Immersive Reader.
    • DevTools now supports customizing keyboard shortcuts to match any editor/IDE, which includes VS Code
85.0.56464Blink 85August 27, 2020
  • On-premises synchronization of Favorites and Settings
  • Group policy support for trusting site + app combos to launch without a confirmation prompt
  • PDF Highlighter tool
  • Storage Access API
  • Send to OneNote is available for Edge Collections
  • DevTools updates
    • Surface Duo emulation
    • VS Code keyboard shortcuts
86.0.62265Blink 86October 9, 2020
87.0.66466Blink 87November 19, 2020
88.0.70567Blink 88January 21, 2021
89.0.77468Blink 89March 4, 2021
90.0.81869Blink 90April 15, 2021
91.0.86470Blink 91May 27, 2021
92.0.90271Blink 92July 22, 2021
93.0.96172Blink 93September 2, 2021
94.0.99273Blink 94September 24, 2021
95.0.102074Blink 95October 21, 2021
96.0.105475Blink 96January 6, 2022
97.0.107276Blink 97January 20, 2022
98.0.110877Blink 98February 3, 2022
99.0.115078Blink 99March 3, 2022
100.0.118579Blink 100April 1, 2022
101.0.121080Blink 101April 28, 2022
102.0.124581Blink 102May 31, 2022
103.0.126482Blink 103June 23, 2022
104.0.129383Blink 104August 5, 2022
105.0.134384Blink 105September 1, 2022
106.0.137085Blink 106October 3, 2022
107.0.141886Blink 107October 27, 2022
108.0.146287Blink 108December 5, 2022
109.0.151888Blink 109January 12, 2023Last version for Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows 8, Windows Server 2012, Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2 latest update 109.0.1518.140 release September 15, 2023.
110.0.158789Blink 110February 9, 2023
111.0.166190Blink 111March 13, 2023
112.0.172291Blink 112April 6, 2023
113.0.177492Blink 113May 5, 2023
  • Improvements to downloads security
  • Improvements to enhanced security mode
  • Switch from Microsoft Autoupdate to EdgeUpdater for macOS
  • New policy for PDF View Settings
  • Updated Microsoft Root Store policy
114.0.182393Blink 114June 2, 2023
  • Added Edge Workspaces
115.0.190194Blink 115July 21, 2023
  • Added Microsoft Edge management service
116.0.193895Blink 116August 21, 2023
  • Support for Microsoft Edge for Business
  • Added an Option to attach the Edge sidebar to the Windows desktop
117.0.204596Blink 117September 15, 2023
  • Added Microsoft Edge for Business Banner
  • Added Autofill Autocomplete
  • Deprecated Web Select
  • Deprecated More Tools options such as Math Solver, Picture Dictionary, Citations, Grammar Tools, and Kids Mode
118.0.208897Blink 118October 13, 2023
  • Added Find on page
  • New SmartScreen policy
  • New Microsoft Edge Update policies
119.0.215198Blink 119November 2, 2023Last version for Android Nougat
  • Added Compression Dictionary Transport support
  • Added Behavioral changes to the beforeunload event
  • Improved Split Screen Restore
  • Added Additional capability to manage sidebar apps
  • Updates to Microsoft Edge enterprise sync settings page
120.0.221099Blink 120December 7, 2023
  • Added RendererAppContainer
  • Updated the SmartActionsBlockList policy
121.0.2277100Blink 121January 25, 2024
122.0.2365101Blink 122February 23, 2024
  • Deprecated image enhancement feature
  • Rebranded Web Capture to "Screenshot"
  • Configured recommended policies in the Microsoft Edge management service
  • Moved Managed Site Indicator (Briefcase icon) Into the lock icon in the address bar omnibox.
123.0.2420102Blink 123March 22, 2024
124.0.2478103Blink 124April 18, 2024
125.0.2535104Blink 125May 17, 2024Last version for iOS 15 and iPadOS 15
126.0.2592105Blink 126June 13, 2024
127.0.2651106Blink 127July 25, 2024
128.0.2739107Blink 128August 22, 2024
129.0.2792108Blink 129September 19, 2024
130.0.2849109Blink 130October 17, 2024
131.0.2903110Blink 131November 14, 2024

Reception

Microsoft's switch to Blink as Edge's engine has faced mixed reception. The move increases the consistency of web platform compatibility between major browsers. For this reason, the move has attracted criticism, as it reduces diversity in the overall web browser market and increases the influence of Google on the overall browser market by Microsoft ceding its independently developed browser engine.111112

Edge sends the images that the users view online to Microsoft servers by default, although Microsoft has stated that it encrypts images before transfer.113 According to Douglas J. Leith, a computer science professor from Trinity College, Dublin, Microsoft Edge is among the least private browsers. He explained, "from a privacy perspective Microsoft Edge and Yandex are much more worrisome than the other browsers studied. Both send identifiers that are linked to the device hardware and so persist across fresh browser installs and can also be used to link different apps running on the same device. Edge sends the hardware UUID of the device to Microsoft, a strong and enduring identifier than cannot be easily changed or deleted."114 In response, a spokesperson from Microsoft Edge explained that it uses user diagnostic data to improve the product.115

In June 2020, users criticized newly released Windows updates that installed Edge and imported some user data from Chrome and Firefox prior to obtaining user permission. Microsoft responded by stating that if a user rejects giving Edge data import permission, then Edge will delete the imported data. However, if the browser crashes before the user has a chance to reject the import, then the already imported data will not be cleared.116117 The Verge called these "spyware tactics" and called Edge's "first run experience" a "dark pattern".118

Microsoft uses proprietary URL handlers in Windows 10 and 11 to redirect URLs accessed via system search functions to Edge, deliberately ignoring the user's choice of default browser. In November 2021, a patch was released to frustrate a workaround employed by the third-party tool "EdgeDeflector", with a Microsoft spokesperson stating that search in the Windows shell is an "end-to-end customer experience" that is not designed to be modified.119 The developer of EdgeDeflector, Daniel Aleksandersen, called this "clearly a user-hostile move that sees Windows compromise its own product usability in order to make it more difficult to use competing products."120

In November 2021, Microsoft announced that it would display integrated advertising for the buy now, pay later service Zip Pay in Edge during online purchases eligible for financing via the service,121122 and allow users to link their Microsoft account to expedite registration for the service. Microsoft claims that it "does not collect a fee for connecting users to loan providers."123 This decision was met with criticism from users and the press, arguing that the feature was added bloat.124125

Controversy

See also: Criticism of Microsoft § Advertising and public relations

In December 2021, Microsoft began testing the display of in-browser prompts on the Google Chrome website to discourage downloading the browser.126127 Similar prompts intended to discourage Google Chrome downloads also appear when searching for "Chrome" or "browser" on Microsoft Bing search engine.128 In February 2023, users reported seeing large banner advertisements for Microsoft Edge on the Chrome download page, a move that was criticized for deceptively altering part of Google's official website.129 In October 2023, Microsoft began testing the display of a sidebar containing a survey related to Chrome when the browser is downloaded.130

Market share

Further information: Usage share of web browsers

Notes

References

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