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Bagri language
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<h2 id="geographical-distribution">Geographical distribution</h2> The following table shows the Geographical distribution of Bagri speakers in the states of <a href="/facts/Rajasthan/rC0MvrRD">Rajasthan</a>, Punjab and <a href="/facts/Haryana/bo4Qo3c8">Haryana</a>.<table><tbody><tr><th>States</th><th>Districts and tehsils</th></tr><tr><td>Rajasthan</td><td><ul><li><a href="/facts/Anupgarh_district/mfTItKlc">Anupgarh district</a>,</li><li><a href="/facts/Sri_Ganganagar_district/tPuNNkxQ">Sri Ganganagar district</a>,</li><li><a href="/facts/Jhunjhunu_district/8moBBpsl">Jhunjhunu district</a>,</li><li><a href="/facts/Hanumangarh_district/fM3PGSrw">Hanumangarh district</a>,</li><li><a href="/facts/Khajuwala/PXpMawKn">Khajuwala</a>, <a href="/facts/Chhatargarh_tehsil/IHgvdsEs">Chhatargarh</a>, <a href="/facts/Loonkaransar/DVMt6rUY">Loonkaransar</a>, <a href="/facts/Pugal/UgpXCIuB">Pugal</a>, <a href="/facts/Dungargarh/nXMmMPxs">Sri Dungargarh</a> and <a href="/facts/Bikaner/Qp5n4amq">Bikaner</a> tehsils of <a href="/facts/Bikaner_district/qblKrV1F">Bikaner district</a>,</li><li><a href="/facts/Taranagar/dD4gXwAd">Taranagar</a>, <a href="/facts/Sardarshahar/brEKJ09o">Sardarshahar</a>, <a href="/facts/Rajgarh%2c_Rajasthan/bH06IC01">Rajgarh</a>, <a href="/facts/Sidhmukh/veXDDHQ1">Sidhmukh</a>, Bhanipura, <a href="/facts/Ratangarh%2c_Churu/gedldl7I">Ratangarh</a> and <a href="/facts/Churu%2c_Rajasthan/Tedlrvha">Churu</a> tehsils in <a href="/facts/Churu_district/cB0gQFaS">Churu district</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td>Punjab</td><td><ul><li><a href="/facts/Abohar/5j8YgIRN">Abohar</a> & <a href="/facts/Fazilka/AE9BFHLz">Fazilka</a> tehsils of <a href="/facts/Fazilka_district/oxtGloL2">Fazilka district</a>,</li><li>Southern villages of <a href="/facts/Muktsar_district/bjUbQE1K">Muktsar district</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td>Haryana</td><td><ul><li><a href="/facts/Sirsa_district/LreWctxk">Sirsa district</a> ( not including North-eastern punjabi Kalanwali Mandi region),</li><li><a href="/facts/Fatehabad%2c_Haryana/t83clNjl">Fatehabad district</a> upto the <a href="/facts/Ghaggar-Hakra_River/pAzdMMcI">Ghaggar River</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a></li><li><a href="/facts/Barwala%2c_Hisar/okhhaJdW">Barwala</a>, <a href="/facts/Adampur/g4MXwKLl">Adampur</a> and <a href="/facts/Hisar_city/WtzzF1x5">Hisar</a> tehsils of <a href="/facts/Hisar_district/tESX1PJJ">Hisar district</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a></li><li><a href="/facts/Siwani/lYAreS89">Siwani</a> and western part <a href="/facts/Loharu/9Sf91PHf">Loharu</a> of <a href="/facts/Bhiwani_district/FgFktwKd">Bhiwani district</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a></li><li><a href="/facts/Badhra/nJ9cYSoy">Badhra</a> tehsil of Charkhi Dadri district <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="features">Features</h2> <h3>Phonology</h3> <p>Bagri distinguishes 31 consonants including a <a href="/facts/Retroflex_consonant/lsBdJD4V">retroflex</a> series, 10 vowels, 2 diphthongs, and 3 tones. </p> Consonants<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a><table><tbody><tr><th colspan="2"></th><th><a href="/facts/Labial_consonant/bv4MqTMf">Labial</a></th><th><a href="/facts/Dental_consonant/Yraaz9Nm">Dental</a></th><th><a href="/facts/Retroflex_consonant/lsBdJD4V">Retroflex</a></th><th><a href="/facts/Palatal_consonant/KLcKyXE8">Palatal</a></th><th><a href="/facts/Velar_consonant/blWClp79">Velar</a></th><th><a href="/facts/Glottal_consonant/rMdEdLxH">Glottal</a></th></tr><tr><th rowspan="4"><a href="/facts/Plosive/okC9pztc">plosive</a></th><th><a href="/facts/Voiceless_consonant/575TtTUn">Voiceless</a></th><td><a href="/facts/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive/w4M9Igp6">p</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive/1GaDe2Vy">t</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Voiceless_retroflex_plosive/o2FrLeV9">ʈ</a> ⟨ṭ⟩</td><td><a href="/facts/Voiceless_palatal_plosive/nBqIqUIS">c</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Voiceless_velar_plosive/dDppVb6e">k</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Aspirated_consonant/Kat42tA6">Aspirated</a></th><td>pʰ</td><td>tʰ</td><td>ʈʰ ⟨ṭh⟩</td><td>cʰ</td><td>kʰ</td><td></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Voiced_consonant/VdqrEGQ3">Voiced</a></th><td><a href="/facts/Voiced_bilabial_plosive/6ReC9arR">b</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Voiced_alveolar_plosive/A6hNvmCp">d</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Voiced_retroflex_plosive/SQT2LTNM">ɖ</a> ⟨ḍ⟩</td><td><a href="/facts/Voiced_palatal_plosive/otrWQbpW">ɟ</a> ⟨j⟩</td><td><a href="/facts/Voiced_velar_plosive/f6udTvfQ">g</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Breathy_voice/ynD4GYNn">Breathy</a></th><td>bʰ</td><td>dʰ</td><td>ɖʰ ⟨ḍh⟩</td><td>ɟʰ ⟨jh⟩</td><td>gʰ</td><td></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Fricative/1FQuuhfX">fricative</a></th><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative/WLKtEYDe">s</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Voiceless_glottal_fricative/lfRB7CPW">h</a></td></tr><tr><th rowspan="4"><a href="/facts/Sonorant/D1kkuEby">sonorant</a></th><th><a href="/facts/Nasal_consonant/m6D3cVhe">Nasal</a></th><td><a href="/facts/Voiced_bilabial_nasal/1pd7NK2x">m</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Voiced_alveolar_nasal/0CEs8314">n</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Voiced_retroflex_nasal/P7M5mWw6">ɳ</a> ⟨ṇ⟩</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Approximant/SXrlw7zY">Approximant</a></th><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Voiced_dental%2c_alveolar_and_postalveolar_lateral_approximants/dgbHhqeK">l</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Voiced_retroflex_lateral_approximant/LHNtHWAC">ɭ</a> ⟨ḷ⟩</td><td><a href="/facts/Voiced_palatal_approximant/v0NVCbUh">j</a> ⟨y⟩</td><td><a href="/facts/Voiced_labial%25E2%2580%2593velar_approximant/HLDqbrvr">w</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Tap_and_flap_consonants/5SFjKYlX">Flap</a></th><td></td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Voiced_retroflex_flap/ClIesXP0">ɽ</a> ⟨ṛ⟩</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Trill_consonant/GKS3ga4q">Trill</a></th><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Voiced_dental%2c_alveolar_and_postalveolar_trills/rDplJobc">r</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>/ɳ/, /ɭ/ and /ɽ/ do not occur word initially. </p> Vowels<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a><table><tbody><tr><th></th><th><a href="/facts/Front_vowel/htKQs3AT">Front</a></th><th><a href="/facts/Central_vowel/IFSaKUe9">Central</a></th><th><a href="/facts/Back_vowel/gyHoGCH0">Back</a></th></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Close_vowel/Ne6tHQHR">Close</a></th><td><a href="/facts/Close_front_unrounded_vowel/rSUdlCPU">i</a>ː ⟨ī⟩</td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Close_front_rounded_vowel/fAyNrUxL">u</a>ː ⟨ū⟩</td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Near-close_vowel/uPhB2scU">Near-close</a></th><td><a href="/facts/Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel/1eQAfkDy">ɪ</a> ⟨i⟩</td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel/4taYcT5v">ʊ</a> ⟨u⟩</td></tr><tr><th>Close-mid</th><td><a href="/facts/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel/e9YNLF97">e</a>ː ⟨e⟩</td><td><a href="/facts/Mid_central_vowel/CCx0wYy3">ə</a> ⟨a⟩</td><td><a href="/facts/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel/VwS9cKWJ">oː</a> ⟨o⟩</td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Open-mid_vowel/qkco8QqT">Open-mid</a></th><td><a href="/facts/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel/aDRvwE46">ɛ</a>ː ⟨ai⟩</td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel/yMNUClGt">ɔ</a>ː ⟨au⟩</td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Open_vowel/roS0Y7lA">Open</a></th><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Open_central_unrounded_vowel/XuGme0KM">a</a>ː ⟨ā⟩</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>All vowels have their <a href="/facts/Nasalised_vowel/E8MYuu0T">nasalised</a> counterpart, marked with ◌̃ (<a href="/facts/%25E0%25A4%2581/MqdwvKIk">ँ</a> in Devanagari). </p><p>Bagri has 3 tones in a similar way to the <a href="/facts/Punjabi_language/Dps9vRRe">Punjabi</a> language. A rising-falling tone ◌́, a rising tone ◌̀, and an unmarked mid tone.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> </p> <h3>Declension</h3> <ul><li>There are two numbers: singular and plural.</li> <li>Two genders: masculine and feminine.</li> <li>Three cases: simple, oblique, and vocative. Case marking is partly inflectional and partly postpositional.</li> <li>Nouns are declined according to their final segments.</li> <li>All pronouns are inflected for number and case but gender is distinguished only in the third person singular pronouns.</li> <li>The third person pronouns are distinguished on the proximity/remoteness dimension in each gender.</li> <li>Adjectives are of two types: either ending in /-o/ or not.</li> <li>Cardinal numbers up to ten are infected.</li> <li>Both present and past participles function as adjectives.</li></ul> <h3>Verbs</h3> <ul><li>There are three tenses and four moods.</li></ul> <h3>Syntax</h3> <ul><li>Sentence types are of traditional nature.</li> <li>Coordination and subordination are very important in complex sentences.</li> <li>Parallel lexicon are existing and are very important from sociolinguistic point of view.</li></ul> <h2 id="samples">Samples</h2> <p>रोळो</p><p>rollo</p><p>है</p><p>ha</p><p>के</p><p>ke</p><p>कोई</p><p>koī</p><p>तेरै</p><p>terai</p><p>रोळो है के कोई तेरै</p><p>rollo ha ke koī terai</p><p>Do you have any problem?</p> <p>तू</p><p>too</p><p>कठै</p><p>kithe</p><p>गयैड़ो</p><p>gayairo</p><p>हो</p><p>a</p><p>तू कठै गयैड़ो हो</p><p>too kithe gayairo a</p><p>Where did you go?</p> <p>bhanda</p><p>bhanda</p><p>Utensils</p> <p>घोड़ो</p><p>Ghodo</p><p>होव</p><p>hov</p><p>जिओं</p><p>jiya</p><p>घोड़ो होव जिओं</p><p>Ghodo hov jiya</p><p>Like a horse</p> <p>कोजवाड़</p><p>kojwād</p><p>कोजवाड़</p><p>kojwād</p><p>Embarrassing.</p> <p>ब्या</p><p>byah</p><p>मे</p><p>m</p><p>कुण</p><p>kun</p><p>आयो</p><p>aayo</p><p>ब्या मे कुण आयो</p><p>byah m kun aayo</p><p>Who came in the marriage?</p> <p>टाबरो</p><p>tabaro</p><p>के</p><p>ke</p><p>करो</p><p>karo</p><p>हो</p><p>ho</p><p>टाबरो के करो हो</p><p>tabaro ke karo ho</p><p>What are you doing kids?</p> <p>Kutta</p><p>Kutta</p><p>Dog</p> <h2 id="official-status">Official status</h2> <p>Bagari is language of bagar region of rajasthan extended to some parts of punjab and haryana and pakistan also. Bagri is spoken by kumawats , Jats , Rajputs, kumhar ,suthar , meghwal ,chamars and others casts residing there . Bagri derives its roots from marwari when bhati dynasty ruled over the region from <a href="/facts/Bhatner/7HW5msx8">bhatner</a> ,modern day <a href="/facts/Hanumangarh/7HW5msx8">Hanumangarh</a> which is epicentre of Bagri language . Bagri culture is also same in this region . </p> <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> <h2 id="work-on-bagri">Work on Bagri</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/George_Abraham_Grierson/qYFaYmmG">Grierson, G. A.</a> 1908. (Reprint 1968). Linguistic Survey of India. Volume IX, Part II. New Delhi: Motilal Banarasidass</li> <li>Gusain, Lakhan. 1994. Reflexives in Bagri. M.Phil. dissertation. New Delhi: Jawaharlal Nehru University</li> <li>Gusain, Lakhan. 1999. A Descriptive Grammar of Bagri. Ph.D. dissertation. New Delhi: Jawaharlal Nehru University</li> <li>Gusain, Lakhan. 2000a. Limitations of Literacy in Bagri. <a href="/facts/Nicholas_Ostler/7GPjMatC">Nicholas Ostler</a> & <a href="/facts/Blair_Rudes/TSkR2nnm">Blair Rudes</a> (eds.). Endangered Languages and Literacy. Proceedings of the Fourth FEL Conference. University of North Carolina, Charlotte, 21–24 September 2000</li> <li>Gusain, Lakhan. 2000b. Bagri Grammar. Munich: Lincom Europa (Languages of the World/Materials, 384)</li> <li>Gusain, Lakhan. 2008. Bagri Learners' Reference Grammar. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Northside Publishers</li> <li>Wilson, J. 1883. Sirsa Settlement Report. Chandigarh: Government Press</li></ul> <h2 id="gallery">Gallery</h2> <p>Regions where Bagri is spoken: </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Rajasthani_language/BKdEulmS">Rajasthani language</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_winners_of_Sahitya_Akademi_Awards_for_writing_in_Rajasthani_language/51LssBXv">List of winners of Sahitya Akademi Awards for writing in Rajasthani language</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_Indian_poets/2CzfQcoP">List of Rajasthani poets</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_Indian_poets/2CzfQcoP">List of Indian poets#Rajasthani</a></li></ul> <h2 id="bibliography">Bibliography</h2> <ul><li>Gusain, Lakhan (1999). <i>A Descriptive Grammar of Bagri</i> (PhD). Jawaharlal Nehru University. <a href="/facts/Hdl_(identifier)/rdebSxmC">hdl</a>:<a href="https://hdl.handle.net/10603%2F16847">10603/16847</a>.</li> <li>Gusain, Lakhan (2000). <i>Bagri</i>. Languages of the world. Materials. Munich: LINCOM Europa. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-3-89586-398-1.</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071118185411/http://www.bastigiri.org/crs/">Centre for Rajasthani Studies</a>[<i>usurped</i>]</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Revised Land and Revenue Settlement of Hisar District 9006-9011" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 May 2017. Retrieved 26 March 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170517124050/http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/revised_settlement_hisar.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20170517124050/http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/revised_settlement_hisar.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Census of India 2011 <a href="https://censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/C-16_25062018_NEW.pdf" target="_blank">https://censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/C-16_25062018_NEW.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Gusain, Lakhan: Reflexives in Bagri. Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 1994 <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Gusain, Lakhan: Reflexives in Bagri. Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 1994 <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Gusain, Lakhan: Limitations of Literacy in Bagri. Nicholas Ostler & Blair Rudes (eds.). Endangered Languages and Literacy. Proceedings of the Fourth FEL Conference. University of North Carolina, Charlotte, 21–24 September 2000 <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Ostler" target="_blank">/wiki/Nicholas_Ostler</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Census India 2001 <a href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/Statement1.aspx" target="_blank">http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/Statement1.aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"The map shows study area and the Eco-cultural regions of Haryana... | Download Scientific Diagram". <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-map-shows-study-area-and-the-Eco-cultural-regions-of-Haryana-Modified-after-Singh_fig2_364830044" target="_blank">https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-map-shows-study-area-and-the-Eco-cultural-regions-of-Haryana-Modified-after-Singh_fig2_364830044</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Gusain, Lakhan: Reflexives in Bagri. Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 1994 <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Gusain, Lakhan: Limitations of Literacy in Bagri. Nicholas Ostler & Blair Rudes (eds.). Endangered Languages and Literacy. Proceedings of the Fourth FEL Conference. University of North Carolina, Charlotte, 21–24 September 2000 <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Ostler" target="_blank">/wiki/Nicholas_Ostler</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>"The map shows study area and the Eco-cultural regions of Haryana... | Download Scientific Diagram". <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-map-shows-study-area-and-the-Eco-cultural-regions-of-Haryana-Modified-after-Singh_fig2_364830044" target="_blank">https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-map-shows-study-area-and-the-Eco-cultural-regions-of-Haryana-Modified-after-Singh_fig2_364830044</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>"The map shows study area and the Eco-cultural regions of Haryana... | Download Scientific Diagram". <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-map-shows-study-area-and-the-Eco-cultural-regions-of-Haryana-Modified-after-Singh_fig2_364830044" target="_blank">https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-map-shows-study-area-and-the-Eco-cultural-regions-of-Haryana-Modified-after-Singh_fig2_364830044</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Gusain, Lakhan. A Descriptive Grammar of Bagri. pp. 165–198. <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Gusain, Lakhan. A Descriptive Grammar of Bagri. pp. 165–198. <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Gusain, Lakhan. A Descriptive Grammar of Bagri. pp. 165–198. <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>"LANGUAGE - INDIA, STATES AND UNION TERRITORIES (Table C-16)" (PDF). Census of India 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2018. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180712135523/https://censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/C-16_25062018_NEW.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20180712135523/https://censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/C-16_25062018_NEW.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>