Menu
Home
People
Places
Arts
History
Plants & Animals
Science
Life & Culture
Technology
Reference.org
Hanumangarh
open-in-new
<h2 id="history">History</h2> <h3>Indus Valley Civilization</h3> <p><a href="/facts/Indus_Valley_Civilization/6xM4aK23">Indus Valley Civilization</a> sites in the district number over 100 villages along <a href="/facts/Ghaggar-Hakra_River/pAzdMMcI">Ghaggar-Hakra River</a> (<a href="/facts/Palaeochannel/BGTFMBYc">Palaeochannel</a> of <a href="/facts/Sarasvati_River/49YaBFnt">Sarasvati River</a>), such as <a href="/facts/Karanpura/x1kXjQtj">Karanpura</a>. Remains found at <a href="/facts/Kalibangan/S6HT1GqR">Kalibangan</a> and <a href="/facts/Pilibanga/YIKKtuAg">Pilibanga</a> in 1951 reveal that this area was a part of nearly 5000 years old civilisation. The remains of human skeleton, unknown scripts, stamps, coins, utensils, jewellery, toys, statues, wells, bathrooms, fort, streets, markets, etc. were found. The remains found at these places have been kept at Museum at Kalibangan and <a href="/facts/National_Museum%2c_New_Delhi/WD5xHeNY">National Museum, New Delhi</a>. </p><p>Between 1940 and 1943, <a href="/facts/Aurel_Stein/yH1DT0lz">Aurel Stein</a> undertook 2 expeditions to along the <a href="/facts/Ghaggar-Hakra_River/pAzdMMcI">Ghaggar-Hakra River</a> to find physical evidence of the <a href="/facts/Saraswati_River/49YaBFnt">Saraswati River</a> described in the <a href="/facts/Rig_Veda/7dyqIlsJ">Rig Veda</a>. His work significantly advanced Indian archaeology. Surveying from Hanumangarh to <a href="/facts/Bahawalpur/YQfLNU5L">Bahawalpur</a>, he identified approximately 100 prehistoric and historical sites, conducting exploratory excavations at some.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> </p> <h3>Medieval</h3> <p>It has yielded a number of terracotta decorative tiles in the late <a href="/facts/Kushan_Empire/QvUh1thw">Kushan Empire</a> style along with a number of coins. Two terracotta capitals at the depth of 15' from the top of the mound with stepped pyramids along their edges have been discovered.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> In 1398, <a href="/facts/Timur/pkQEWrRH">Timur</a> invaded the <a href="/facts/Delhi_Sultanate/19oLzpBF">Delhi Sultanate</a> and on his way he attacked Hanumangarh Fort (Bhatner at that time) defended by its ruler Rao Daljit and his cousin with only 10,000 men. Timur wrestled the fortifications, slayed all the men and enslaved all of the women and children of the Garrison along with their citizens. </p> <h3>Early modern period</h3> <p class="note">Main articles: <a href="/facts/Bhatner/7HW5msx8">Bhatner</a> and <a href="/facts/History_of_Bikaner/dWTTFlqy">History of Bikaner</a></p> <p>Hanumangarh was the kingdom of <a href="/facts/Bhati/tphWMeM0">Bhati</a> <a href="/facts/Rajput/wJbTbSPL">Rajputs</a> and hence its earlier name was <a href="/facts/Bhatner/7HW5msx8">Bhatner</a>. <a href="/facts/Bikaner_State/dwcLhP86">Maharaja Surat Singh Rathore</a> (b.1787 – d.1828) of <a href="/facts/Bikaner_State/dwcLhP86">Bikaner State</a> won this fort on Tuesday. Since Tuesday is the auspicious day of the Hindu deity <a href="/facts/Hanuman/KnG1RY1m">Hanuman</a>, Surat Singh renamed Bhatner to "Hanumangarh" - the Fort of Hanuman the Hindu-deity. The 1700-year-old <a href="/facts/Bhatner_fort/FTg3G0ry">Bhatner fort</a> is situated in the middle of Hanumangarh Town, the description of which can be found in <i><a href="/facts/Ain-i-Akbari/fbKG4nfk">Ain-i-Akbari</a></i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> A famous <a href="/facts/Bhadrakali/JqWrkR3X">Bhadrakali</a> temple is situated near the town on the banks of Ancient <a href="/facts/Sarasvati_river/49YaBFnt">Sarasvati river</a>(Ghaggar river).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="demographics">Demographics</h2> <p>According to <a href="/facts/2011_Indian_Census/U4V680pf">2011 Indian Census</a>, Hanumangarh had a total population of 150,958, of which 79,709 were males and 71,249 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 18,094. The total number of literates in Hanumangarh was 102,149, which constituted 67.7% of the population with male literacy of 73.6% and female literacy of 61.1%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Hanumangarh was 76.9%, of which male literacy rate was 83.8% and female literacy rate was 69.28%. The <a href="/facts/Scheduled_Castes_and_Scheduled_Tribes/e2tKbqeM">Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes</a> population was 25,486 and 2,463 respectively. Hanumangarh had 30022 households in 2011.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> </p><p>As of 2001 India <a href="/facts/Census/dePeULsk">census</a>, Hanumangarh had a population of 129,654. Males constitute 69,583 of the population and females 60,071. The sex ratio was 863 females to 1000 males. Population in the age range of 0–6 years was 18,669. 83,923 people were literates in Hanumangarh which is 64.7% of the total population. The effective literacy of people 7 years and over of age was 75.6%.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> </p> <h3>Language</h3> <p><a href="/facts/Hindi/n1QIEeCC">Hindi</a> is the official language and <a href="/facts/Indian_English/LW2DcJGE">English</a> is the additional official language.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Rajasthani_languages/BKdEulmS">Rajasthani language</a> is the most commonly spoken language in Hanumangarh,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> followed by <a href="/facts/Punjabi_language/Dps9vRRe">Punjabi</a>, <a href="/facts/Bagri_language/5gpWu12c">Bagri</a> and Hindi.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="transportation">Transportation</h2> <h3>Railway junction</h3> <p><a href="/facts/Hanumangarh_Junction_railway_station/f9TSewyy">Hanumangarh Junction railway station</a> is a major railway station on <a href="/facts/Jodhpur-Bathinda_line/8duJhkcf">Jodhpur-Bathinda line</a>; <a href="/facts/Sadulpur/bH06IC01">Sadulpur</a>, <a href="/facts/Rewari/tc894rRP">Rewari</a>, <a href="/facts/Jaipur/WDLq2DmH">Jaipur</a>, <a href="/facts/Sri_Ganganagar/eAQrTtJo">Sri Ganganagar</a>, <a href="/facts/Anupgarh/mfTItKlc">Anupgarh</a>, (Canaloop). Earlier both <a href="/facts/Meter_gauge/4a6LKCxM">meter gauge</a> and <a href="/facts/Broad_gauge/MDtwAYBw">broad gauge</a> lines passed through this station and now all lines passing through here have been converted to broad gauge. There is also a <a href="/facts/Level_junction/tTLRKKXp">Diamond Railway Crossing</a>. In 1982, the broad gauge started from <a href="/facts/Bhatinda/CWpG0yw6">Bhatinda</a> to <a href="/facts/Suratgarh/qLFyDVPy">Suratgarh</a> via Hanumangarh. On 1 October 2012, Hanumangarh-Sadulpur metergauge track closed and it was converted into broad gauge. 3 Hanumangarh to Sri Ganganagar passenger trains are running on the broad gauge track. This track provides smooth rail traffic between two strategically important cantonments at <a href="/facts/Jaisalmer/lxDQGxyn">Jaisalmer</a> (Rajasthan) and <a href="/facts/Udhampur/JJlSSHBP">Udhampur</a> (J&k) via Hanumangarh, <a href="/facts/Sri_Ganganagar/eAQrTtJo">Sri Ganganagar</a> and <a href="/facts/Firozpur/fvClxCJV">Firozpur</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Hooja, Rima (2006). A History of Rajasthan. Rupa and company. p. 371. ISBN 9788129108906. Bhatner was taken in 1391 by Timur from the Bhati Rajput King named Dulachand <a href="9788129108906" target="_blank">9788129108906</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Sir William Wilson Hunter (1885), The imperial gazetteer of India, Volume 2, Trübner & Co., 1885, ... The Bhatnair fort ... on the direct route of invasion from Central Asia to India ... taken by Mahmud of Ghazni in 1001 ... attacked by Timur ... probable that Timur left a Tatar Chagitai noble in charge, who was expelled by Bhatis from Marot and Phulra ... Bhatnair, now called Hanumangarh ... <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LIATAAAAYAAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=LIATAAAAYAAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Ahluwalia, Disha (24 February 2025). "From Kashmir to China—Aurel Stein's expeditions helped unlock secrets of ancient civilisations". ThePrint. Retrieved 6 March 2025. <a href="https://theprint.in/opinion/kashmir-to-china-aurel-steins-expeditions-helped-unlock-secrets-ancient-civilisations/2508318/" target="_blank">https://theprint.in/opinion/kashmir-to-china-aurel-steins-expeditions-helped-unlock-secrets-ancient-civilisations/2508318/</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"Hanumangarh - Land of an old Civilization". Archived from the original on 25 February 2014. Retrieved 8 January 2020. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140225081904/http://hanumangarh.nic.in/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20140225081904/http://hanumangarh.nic.in/</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"Bhatner Fort". Archived from the original on 1 July 2012. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120701185609/http://hanumangarh.nic.in/places_of_interest.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20120701185609/http://hanumangarh.nic.in/places_of_interest.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"Hanumangarh - Land of an old Civilization". Archived from the original on 25 February 2014. Retrieved 8 January 2020. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140225081904/http://hanumangarh.nic.in/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20140225081904/http://hanumangarh.nic.in/</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"Census of India: Hanumangarh". www.censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 9 January 2020. <a href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=77401" target="_blank">http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=77401</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 1 November 2008. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India" (PDF). nclm.nic.in. Ministry of Minority Affairs. p. 8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 20 June 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>"C-16: Population by mother tongue - Rajasthan". Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 21 August 2024. <a href="https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10220/download/13332/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0800.XLSX" target="_blank">https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10220/download/13332/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0800.XLSX</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Lakhan Gusain 2000. Bagri Grammar. Munich: Lincom Europa (Languages of the World/Materials, 384) <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>"C-16: Population by mother tongue - Rajasthan". Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 21 August 2024. <a href="https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10220/download/13332/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0800.XLSX" target="_blank">https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10220/download/13332/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0800.XLSX</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>"Hanumangarh to Shri Ganganagar: 9 Trains, Shortest Distance: 66 km - Railway Enquiry". indiarailinfo.com. <a href="https://indiarailinfo.com/search/hmh-hanumangarh-junction-to-sgnr-shri-ganganagar-junction/112/0/2104" target="_blank">https://indiarailinfo.com/search/hmh-hanumangarh-junction-to-sgnr-shri-ganganagar-junction/112/0/2104</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>