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Bagri language
Indian language

The Bagri language is a dialect of Rajasthani that takes its name from the Bagar tract region of Northwestern India in the states of Rajasthan, Punjab and Haryana. Bagri is a typical Indo-Aryan language akin to Rajasthani and Haryanvi with SOV word order. The most striking phonological feature of Bagri is the presence of three lexical tones: high, mid, and low, akin to Rajasthani, Haryanvi, Punjabi. Bagri is a language of earlier Bikaner state which included district Sri Ganganagar, Hanumangarh, Churu, Bikaner of Rajasthan and Sirsa(Haryana), Hisar (Haryana), Fazilka (punjab) at a point in time.

The speakers are mostly in India, with a minority of them in Bahawalpur and Bahawalnagar areas in modern day Pakistan. According to the 2011 census of India, there are 234,227 speakers of Bagri in Rajasthan and 1,656,588 speakers of Bagri in Punjab and Haryana.

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Geographical distribution

The following table shows the Geographical distribution of Bagri speakers in the states of Rajasthan, Punjab and Haryana.
StatesDistricts and tehsils
Rajasthan
Punjab
Haryana

Features

Phonology

Bagri distinguishes 31 consonants including a retroflex series, 10 vowels, 2 diphthongs, and 3 tones.

Consonants12
LabialDentalRetroflexPalatalVelarGlottal
plosiveVoicelessptʈ ⟨ṭ⟩ck
Aspiratedpʰtʰʈʰ ⟨ṭh⟩cʰkʰ
Voicedbdɖ ⟨ḍ⟩ɟ ⟨j⟩g
Breathybʰdʰɖʰ ⟨ḍh⟩ɟʰ ⟨jh⟩gʰ
fricativesh
sonorantNasalmnɳ ⟨ṇ⟩
Approximantlɭ ⟨ḷ⟩j ⟨y⟩w
Flapɽ ⟨ṛ⟩
Trillr

/ɳ/, /ɭ/ and /ɽ/ do not occur word initially.

Vowels13
FrontCentralBack
Closeiː ⟨ī⟩uː ⟨ū⟩
Near-closeɪ ⟨i⟩ʊ ⟨u⟩
Close-mideː ⟨e⟩ə ⟨a⟩oː ⟨o⟩
Open-midɛː ⟨ai⟩ɔː ⟨au⟩
Openaː ⟨ā⟩

All vowels have their nasalised counterpart, marked with ◌̃ (ँ in Devanagari).

Bagri has 3 tones in a similar way to the Punjabi language. A rising-falling tone ◌́,  a rising tone ◌̀, and an unmarked mid tone.14

Declension

  • There are two numbers: singular and plural.
  • Two genders: masculine and feminine.
  • Three cases: simple, oblique, and vocative. Case marking is partly inflectional and partly postpositional.
  • Nouns are declined according to their final segments.
  • All pronouns are inflected for number and case but gender is distinguished only in the third person singular pronouns.
  • The third person pronouns are distinguished on the proximity/remoteness dimension in each gender.
  • Adjectives are of two types: either ending in /-o/ or not.
  • Cardinal numbers up to ten are infected.
  • Both present and past participles function as adjectives.

Verbs

  • There are three tenses and four moods.

Syntax

  • Sentence types are of traditional nature.
  • Coordination and subordination are very important in complex sentences.
  • Parallel lexicon are existing and are very important from sociolinguistic point of view.

Samples

रोळो

rollo

है

ha

के

ke

कोई

koī

तेरै

terai

रोळो है के कोई तेरै

rollo ha ke koī terai

Do you have any problem?

तू

too

कठै

kithe

गयैड़ो

gayairo

हो

a

तू कठै गयैड़ो हो

too kithe gayairo a

Where did you go?

bhanda

bhanda

Utensils

घोड़ो

Ghodo

होव

hov

जिओं

jiya

घोड़ो होव जिओं

Ghodo hov jiya

Like a horse

कोजवाड़

kojwād

कोजवाड़

kojwād

Embarrassing.

ब्या

byah

मे

m

कुण

kun

आयो

aayo

ब्या मे कुण आयो

byah m kun aayo

Who came in the marriage?

टाबरो

tabaro

के

ke

करो

karo

हो

ho

टाबरो के करो हो

tabaro ke karo ho

What are you doing kids?

Kutta

Kutta

Dog

Official status

Bagari is language of bagar region of rajasthan extended to some parts of punjab and haryana and pakistan also. Bagri is spoken by kumawats , Jats , Rajputs, kumhar ,suthar , meghwal ,chamars and others casts residing there . Bagri derives its roots from marwari when bhati dynasty ruled over the region from bhatner ,modern day Hanumangarh which is epicentre of Bagri language . Bagri culture is also same in this region .

15

Work on Bagri

  • Grierson, G. A. 1908. (Reprint 1968). Linguistic Survey of India. Volume IX, Part II. New Delhi: Motilal Banarasidass
  • Gusain, Lakhan. 1994. Reflexives in Bagri. M.Phil. dissertation. New Delhi: Jawaharlal Nehru University
  • Gusain, Lakhan. 1999. A Descriptive Grammar of Bagri. Ph.D. dissertation. New Delhi: Jawaharlal Nehru University
  • Gusain, Lakhan. 2000a. Limitations of Literacy in Bagri. Nicholas Ostler & Blair Rudes (eds.). Endangered Languages and Literacy. Proceedings of the Fourth FEL Conference. University of North Carolina, Charlotte, 21–24 September 2000
  • Gusain, Lakhan. 2000b. Bagri Grammar. Munich: Lincom Europa (Languages of the World/Materials, 384)
  • Gusain, Lakhan. 2008. Bagri Learners' Reference Grammar. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Northside Publishers
  • Wilson, J. 1883. Sirsa Settlement Report. Chandigarh: Government Press

Regions where Bagri is spoken:

See also

Bibliography

  • Gusain, Lakhan (1999). A Descriptive Grammar of Bagri (PhD). Jawaharlal Nehru University. hdl:10603/16847.
  • Gusain, Lakhan (2000). Bagri. Languages of the world. Materials. Munich: LINCOM Europa. ISBN 978-3-89586-398-1.

References

  1. "Revised Land and Revenue Settlement of Hisar District 9006-9011" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 May 2017. Retrieved 26 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20170517124050/http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/revised_settlement_hisar.pdf ↩

  2. Census of India 2011 https://censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/C-16_25062018_NEW.pdf ↩

  3. Gusain, Lakhan: Reflexives in Bagri. Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 1994 ↩

  4. Gusain, Lakhan: Reflexives in Bagri. Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 1994 ↩

  5. Gusain, Lakhan: Limitations of Literacy in Bagri. Nicholas Ostler & Blair Rudes (eds.). Endangered Languages and Literacy. Proceedings of the Fourth FEL Conference. University of North Carolina, Charlotte, 21–24 September 2000 /wiki/Nicholas_Ostler ↩

  6. Census India 2001 http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/Statement1.aspx ↩

  7. "The map shows study area and the Eco-cultural regions of Haryana... | Download Scientific Diagram". https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-map-shows-study-area-and-the-Eco-cultural-regions-of-Haryana-Modified-after-Singh_fig2_364830044 ↩

  8. Gusain, Lakhan: Reflexives in Bagri. Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 1994 ↩

  9. Gusain, Lakhan: Limitations of Literacy in Bagri. Nicholas Ostler & Blair Rudes (eds.). Endangered Languages and Literacy. Proceedings of the Fourth FEL Conference. University of North Carolina, Charlotte, 21–24 September 2000 /wiki/Nicholas_Ostler ↩

  10. "The map shows study area and the Eco-cultural regions of Haryana... | Download Scientific Diagram". https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-map-shows-study-area-and-the-Eco-cultural-regions-of-Haryana-Modified-after-Singh_fig2_364830044 ↩

  11. "The map shows study area and the Eco-cultural regions of Haryana... | Download Scientific Diagram". https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-map-shows-study-area-and-the-Eco-cultural-regions-of-Haryana-Modified-after-Singh_fig2_364830044 ↩

  12. Gusain, Lakhan. A Descriptive Grammar of Bagri. pp. 165–198. ↩

  13. Gusain, Lakhan. A Descriptive Grammar of Bagri. pp. 165–198. ↩

  14. Gusain, Lakhan. A Descriptive Grammar of Bagri. pp. 165–198. ↩

  15. "LANGUAGE - INDIA, STATES AND UNION TERRITORIES (Table C-16)" (PDF). Census of India 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180712135523/https://censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/C-16_25062018_NEW.pdf ↩