ER (TV series)

<h2 id="production">Production</h2>

In 1974, author <a href="/facts/Michael_Crichton/fFkkVqzr">Michael Crichton</a> wrote a screenplay then titled "EW" (for Emergency Ward) based on his own experiences as a <a href="/facts/Medical_student/Iqjoctde">medical student</a> in a busy hospital <a href="/facts/Emergency_department/Qo4NcDeP">emergency room</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4">4</a> Producers were not interested in the screenplay, and Crichton turned to other topics. In 1990, he published the novel <a href="/facts/Jurassic_Park_(novel)/IdfzRvYD">Jurassic Park</a>, and in 1993 began a collaboration with director <a href="/facts/Steven_Spielberg/KeqLPKoS">Steven Spielberg</a> on the <a href="/facts/Jurassic_Park_(film)/ExlNWCI4">film adaptation</a> of the book.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5">5</a>
After its release, Crichton and Spielberg then turned to what was now known as ER, but Spielberg decided to film the story as a two-hour pilot for a television series rather than as a feature film after considering the potential for various stories to be told in the setting.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6">6</a> He passed the script on to a team at his production company, <a href="/facts/Amblin_Entertainment/urKIpX9c">Amblin Entertainment</a>. <a href="/facts/Anthony_Thomopoulos/htE0maAd">Anthony Thomopoulos</a>, then head of Amblin's television division, got in touch with then CEO of <a href="/facts/Warner_Bros._Television/xTakESlf">Warner Bros. Television</a>, <a href="/facts/Les_Moonves/8dxWtbAh">Les Moonves</a>, about the idea for the series and to send the script. Spielberg's <a href="/facts/Amblin_Television/LFMwIEGb">Amblin Television</a> provided <a href="/facts/John_Wells_(TV_producer)/PkU6WIYf">John Wells</a> as the show's executive producer.
Warner Bros. Television pitched ER to <a href="/facts/NBC/zyfTYCvW">NBC</a>, alongside Crichton, Spielberg and Wells. <a href="/facts/Warren_Littlefield/adg98IJm">Warren Littlefield</a>, head of <a href="/facts/NBCUniversal_Television_Group/DsjjvW7E">NBC Entertainment</a> at the time, liked the project, but there was much debate and controversy among other executives at NBC, who were dubious about the nature of the series. NBC offered a chance to make a two-hour <a href="/facts/Television_film/gsGGUltR">made-for-TV</a> movie from the script, which was rejected. They then tried to get the show greenlit at rival networks before returning to NBC, who this time around ordered a <a href="/facts/Television_pilot/V50qBUek">pilot</a>.
The script used to shoot the pilot was virtually unchanged from what Crichton had written in 1974. The only substantive changes made by the producers in 1994 were that a male character was changed to a female character (<a href="/facts/Susan_Lewis/tLn6YUHL">Susan Lewis</a>) and the <a href="/facts/Peter_Benton/BFgebURM">Peter Benton</a> character's race was changed to African-American. The running time was shortened by about 20 minutes in order for the pilot to air in a two-hour block on network TV. Because of a lack of time and money necessary to build a set, the pilot episode of ER was filmed in the former <a href="/facts/Linda_Vista_Hospital/ErX3omFR">Linda Vista Hospital</a> in <a href="/facts/Los_Angeles/pyXpYEX9">Los Angeles</a>, an old facility that had ceased operating in 1990.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a> A set modeled after <a href="/facts/LAC%2BUSC_Medical_Center/TnLYQLE1">Los Angeles County General Hospital</a>'s emergency room was built soon afterward at the <a href="/facts/Warner_Bros._Studios_Burbank/oen7lLrz">Warner Bros. Studios</a> in <a href="/facts/Burbank,_California/xjNXM9AL">Burbank, California</a>, although the show makes extensive use of location shoots in <a href="/facts/Chicago/yPMokrXH">Chicago</a>, most notably the city's famous <a href="/facts/Chicago_%27L%27/wNUsQHDm">"L"</a> train platforms.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a>
Littlefield was impressed by the series: "We were intrigued, but we were admittedly a bit spooked in attempting to go back into that territory a few years after <a href="/facts/St._Elsewhere/X5nIcQLy">St. Elsewhere</a>."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a> With Spielberg attached behind the scenes, NBC ordered six episodes. "ER premiered opposite a <a href="/facts/Monday_Night_Football/zg4UvAhU">Monday Night Football</a> game on <a href="/facts/American_Broadcasting_Company/WGxg4vRX">ABC</a> and did surprisingly well. Then we moved it to Thursday and it just took off," commented Littlefield.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a> ER's success surprised the networks and critics alike, as <a href="/facts/David_E._Kelley/fvr6XDRF">David E. Kelley</a>'s new medical drama <a href="/facts/Chicago_Hope/SoGEo5kd">Chicago Hope</a> was expected to crush the new series, airing directly opposite ER in the Thursday 10:00 pm time slot over on <a href="/facts/CBS/BhMsVoej">CBS</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a>
Crichton was credited as an executive producer until his death in November 2008, although he was still credited as one throughout that entire final season. Wells, the series' other initial executive producer, served as <a href="/facts/Showrunner/6B6Jf4WS">showrunner</a> for the first four seasons. He was the show's most prolific writer and became a regular director in later years. <a href="/facts/Lydia_Woodward/eXg093Km">Lydia Woodward</a> was a part of the first season production team and became an executive producer for the third season. She took over as showrunner for the fifth season while Wells focused on the development of other series, including <a href="/facts/Trinity_(American_TV_series)/Ro0HUTye">Trinity</a>, <a href="/facts/Third_Watch/ruGQJCFP">Third Watch</a>, and <a href="/facts/The_West_Wing/4mdKRq4p">The West Wing</a>. John Wells continued to serve as the primary Executive Producer for the remainder of the series.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a> Lydia Woodward left her executive producer position at the end of the sixth season but continued to write episodes throughout the series run.
<a href="/facts/Joe_Sachs/8cxvE1XC">Joe Sachs</a>, who was a writer and producer of the series, believed keeping a commitment to medical accuracy was extremely important: "We'd bend the rules but never break them. A medication that would take 10 minutes to work might take 30 seconds instead. We compressed time. A 12- to 24-hour shift gets pushed into 48 minutes. But we learned that being accurate was important for more reasons than just making real and responsible drama."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a>
Woodward was replaced as showrunner by <a href="/facts/Jack_Orman/7hWjId2P">Jack Orman</a>. Orman was recruited as a writer-producer for the series in its fourth season after a successful stint working on CBS's <a href="/facts/JAG_(TV_series)/l9RKaAMU">JAG</a>. He was quickly promoted and became an executive producer and showrunner for the series' seventh season. He held these roles for three seasons before leaving the series at the end of the ninth season. Orman was also a frequent writer and directed three episodes of the show.
<a href="/facts/David_Zabel/3P6kmFPU">David Zabel</a> served as the series' head writer and executive producer in its later seasons. He initially joined the crew for the eighth season and became an executive producer and showrunner for the twelfth season onward. Zabel was the series' most frequent writer, contributing to 41 episodes. He also made his directing debut on the series. <a href="/facts/Christopher_Chulack/4uuqouW8">Christopher Chulack</a> was the series' most frequent director and worked as a producer on all 15 seasons. He became an executive producer in the fourth season but occasionally scaled back his involvement in later years to focus on other projects.
Other executive producers include writers <a href="/facts/Carol_Flint/FMa9lSCF">Carol Flint</a>, <a href="/facts/Neal_Baer/j8plTICB">Neal Baer</a>, <a href="/facts/R._Scott_Gemmill/MdsyUzQT">R. Scott Gemmill</a>, Joe Sachs, <a href="/facts/Dee_Johnson_(TV_producer)/7HMcXe0a">Dee Johnson</a>, <a href="/facts/Lisa_Zwerling/0p4fynC9">Lisa Zwerling</a>, and <a href="/facts/Janine_Sherman_Barrois/uFq5tvmw">Janine Sherman Barrois</a>. Several of these writers and producers had background in healthcare: Joe Sachs was an <a href="/facts/Emergency_medicine/HmVeC5R9">emergency physician</a>, while Lisa Zwerling and Neal Baer were both <a href="/facts/Pediatrician/hnkMfLeg">pediatricians</a>. The series' crew was recognized with awards for writing, directing, producing, film editing, sound editing, casting, and music.

<h2 id="broadcast">Broadcast</h2>
Following the broadcast of its two-hour <a href="/facts/24_Hours_(ER)/EM0Rl40p">pilot</a> on September 19, 1994, ER premiered Thursday, September 22 at 10pm. It remained in the same Thursday time slot for its entire run, capping the <a href="/facts/Must_See_TV/xXnKEJpv">Must See TV</a> primetime block.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a> ER is NBC's third longest-running drama, after <a href="/facts/Law_%26_Order:_Special_Victims_Unit/0KgSLVg9">Law & Order: Special Victims Unit</a> and <a href="/facts/Law_%26_Order/AVLVjFnb">Law & Order</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a> and the second longest-running American primetime medical drama of all time, behind ABC's <a href="/facts/Grey%27s_Anatomy/sYeG8npL">Grey's Anatomy</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a> Starting with season seven, ER was broadcast in the <a href="/facts/1080i/0jhp3TNV">1080i</a> HD format, appearing in <a href="/facts/Letterbox_(filming)/9RyUXoUr">letterbox</a> format when presented in standard definition.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a> On April 2, 2008, NBC announced that the series would return for its fifteenth season.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a> The fifteenth season was originally scheduled to run for 19 episodes before retiring with a two-hour series finale to be broadcast on March 12, 2009,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21">21</a> but NBC announced in January 2009 that it would extend the show by an additional three episodes to a full 22-episode order as part of a deal to launch a new series by John Wells titled Police, later retitled <a href="/facts/Southland_(TV_series)/ah9IPval">Southland</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22">22</a> ER's <a href="/facts/And_in_the_End.../GyAglYa5">final episode</a> aired on April 2, 2009; the two-hour episode was preceded by a one-hour retrospective special.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23">23</a> The series finale charged $425,000 per 30-second ad spot, more than three times the season's rate of $135,000.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24">24</a> From season 4 to season 6 ER cost a record-breaking $13 million per episode.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25">25</a> <a href="/facts/TNT_(American_TV_network)/uW4vqKNk">TNT</a> also paid a record price of $1 million an episode for four years of repeats of the series during that time.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26">26</a> The cost of the first three seasons was $2 million per episode and seasons 7 to 9 cost $8 million per episode.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27">27</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28">28</a>

<h2 id="cast-and-characters">Cast and characters</h2>
Main article: <a href="/facts/Cast_of_ER/nQhPn00s">Cast of ER</a>

The original starring cast consisted of <a href="/facts/Anthony_Edwards_(actor)/KPwsqYv3">Anthony Edwards</a> as Dr. <a href="/facts/Mark_Greene/HfUdfsdJ">Mark Greene</a>, <a href="/facts/George_Clooney/4xvq2tAy">George Clooney</a> as Dr. <a href="/facts/Doug_Ross/xg7bGQ35">Doug Ross</a>, <a href="/facts/Sherry_Stringfield/aykaXruY">Sherry Stringfield</a> as Dr. <a href="/facts/Susan_Lewis/tLn6YUHL">Susan Lewis</a>, <a href="/facts/Noah_Wyle/fkufF6Nm">Noah Wyle</a> as medical student <a href="/facts/John_Carter_(ER)/fcuWogF4">John Carter</a>, and <a href="/facts/Eriq_La_Salle/9whcFM1Q">Eriq La Salle</a> as Dr. <a href="/facts/Peter_Benton/BFgebURM">Peter Benton</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29">29</a> As the series continued, some key changes were made: Nurse <a href="/facts/Carol_Hathaway/8qU5zP7W">Carol Hathaway</a>, played by <a href="/facts/Julianna_Margulies/U7GTUDrN">Julianna Margulies</a>, who attempts suicide in the original pilot script, was made into a regular cast member. <a href="/facts/Ming-Na/9st5kA6t">Ming-Na</a> debuted in the middle of the first season as medical student <a href="/facts/Jing-Mei_%22Deb%22_Chen/yTnMJbQ7">Jing-Mei "Deb" Chen</a>, but did not return for the second season; she returns in season 6 episode 10. <a href="/facts/Gloria_Reuben/kRfKSy4G">Gloria Reuben</a> and <a href="/facts/Laura_Innes/8rVSvSvR">Laura Innes</a> would join the series as Physician Assistant <a href="/facts/Jeanie_Boulet/UhkJRXgg">Jeanie Boulet</a> and Dr. <a href="/facts/Kerry_Weaver/sYx30Ae3">Kerry Weaver</a>, respectively, by the second season.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30">30</a>
In the third season, a series of cast additions and departures began that would see the entire original cast leave over time. Stringfield was the first to exit the series, reportedly upsetting producers who believed she wanted to negotiate for more money, but the actress did not particularly care for "fame."
<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31">31</a> She would return to the series from 2001 until 2005.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32">32</a> Clooney departed the series in 1999 to pursue a film career, and Margulies exited the following year.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33">33</a> Season eight saw the departure of La Salle and Edwards when Benton left County General and Greene died from a brain tumor.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34">34</a> Wyle left the series after season 11 in order to spend more time with his family, but would return for two multiple-episode appearances in the show's twelfth and final seasons.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35">35</a> <a href="/facts/Maria_Bello/8JctbHWM">Maria Bello</a> as Dr. <a href="/facts/Anna_Del_Amico/EkVSAJ2R">Anna Del Amico</a>, <a href="/facts/Alex_Kingston/neGG27M0">Alex Kingston</a> as Dr. <a href="/facts/Elizabeth_Corday/8pmhjQtm">Elizabeth Corday</a>, <a href="/facts/Paul_McCrane/UMVYhfyR">Paul McCrane</a> as Dr. <a href="/facts/Robert_Romano_(ER)/PdjgGmpR">Robert Romano</a>, <a href="/facts/Kellie_Martin/PGxKXxX3">Kellie Martin</a> as medical student <a href="/facts/Lucy_Knight/M1NR5N8L">Lucy Knight</a>, <a href="/facts/Goran_Vi%C5%A1nji%C4%87/r8dQCv0s">Goran Višnjić</a> as Dr. <a href="/facts/Luka_Kova%C4%8D/Pvp5HP78">Luka Kovač</a>, <a href="/facts/Michael_Michele/tlJq0LSy">Michael Michele</a> as Dr. <a href="/facts/Cleo_Finch/ng7lAJRx">Cleo Finch</a>, <a href="/facts/Erik_Palladino/BA98EMWL">Erik Palladino</a> as Dr. <a href="/facts/Dave_Malucci/82en6r6V">Dave Malucci</a>, <a href="/facts/Maura_Tierney/lMJomY3x">Maura Tierney</a> as Nurse <a href="/facts/Abby_Lockhart/8x34auB3">Abby Lockhart</a>, <a href="/facts/Sharif_Atkins/XodBv8Jf">Sharif Atkins</a> as medical student <a href="/facts/Michael_Gallant/rFWK8bYH">Michael Gallant</a> and <a href="/facts/Mekhi_Phifer/MWHc6KL1">Mekhi Phifer</a> as Dr. <a href="/facts/Greg_Pratt/Gqn6ucKa">Greg Pratt</a> all joined the cast as the seasons went on.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36">36</a> In the much later seasons, the show would see the additions of <a href="/facts/Parminder_Nagra/yk2tYxns">Parminder Nagra</a> as medical student <a href="/facts/Neela_Rasgotra/YeXUc6Wf">Neela Rasgotra</a>, <a href="/facts/Scott_Grimes/IPa0pBHw">Scott Grimes</a> as Dr. <a href="/facts/Archie_Morris/rFWK8bYH">Archie Morris</a>, <a href="/facts/Linda_Cardellini/UzxanIot">Linda Cardellini</a> as Nurse <a href="/facts/Samantha_Taggart/qAr2DbeH">Sam Taggart</a>, <a href="/facts/Shane_West/dvDdMmXk">Shane West</a> as Dr. <a href="/facts/List_of_secondary_doctors_in_ER/rFWK8bYH">Ray Barnett</a>, <a href="/facts/John_Stamos/r0wUALQ3">John Stamos</a> as Paramedic <a href="/facts/Tony_Gates/cpsCPBdC">Tony Gates</a>, <a href="/facts/David_Lyons_(actor)/KV1yQxzf">David Lyons</a> as Dr. <a href="/facts/Simon_Brenner/rFWK8bYH">Simon Brenner</a>, and <a href="/facts/Angela_Bassett/hIHcvHQj">Angela Bassett</a> as Dr. <a href="/facts/Catherine_Banfield/zTyqjl5W">Cate Banfield</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37">37</a>
In addition to the main cast, ER featured a large number of frequently seen recurring cast members who played key roles such as paramedics, hospital support staff, nurses, and doctors. ER also featured a sizable roster of well-known guest stars, some making rare television appearances, who typically played patients in single episode appearances or multi-episode arcs.

<h2 id="episodes">Episodes</h2>
Main article: <a href="/facts/List_of_ER_episodes/nRpE8rpy">List of ER episodes</a>
<table><tbody><tr><th scope="col" rowspan="2">Season</th><th scope="col" rowspan="2" colspan="2">Episodes</th><th scope="colgroup" colspan="2">Originally released</th><th scope="col" rowspan="2">Rank</th><th scope="col" rowspan="2">Rating</th><th scope="col" rowspan="2">Viewers (millions)</th></tr><tr><th scope="col">First released</th><th scope="col">Last released</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" colspan="1"><a href="/facts/List_of_ER_episodes/nRpE8rpy">1</a></th><td colspan="2">25</td><td colspan="1">September 19, 1994 (1994-9-19)</td><td>May 18, 1995 (1995-5-18)</td><td>2<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38">38</a></td><td>20.0</td><td>30.1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" colspan="1"><a href="/facts/List_of_ER_episodes/nRpE8rpy">2</a></th><td colspan="2">22</td><td colspan="1">September 21, 1995 (1995-9-21)</td><td>May 16, 1996 (1996-5-16)</td><td>1<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39">39</a></td><td>22.0</td><td>35.7</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" colspan="1"><a href="/facts/List_of_ER_episodes/nRpE8rpy">3</a></th><td colspan="2">22</td><td colspan="1">September 26, 1996 (1996-9-26)</td><td>May 15, 1997 (1997-5-15)</td><td>1<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40">40</a></td><td>21.2</td><td>33.9</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" colspan="1"><a href="/facts/List_of_ER_episodes/nRpE8rpy">4</a></th><td colspan="2">22</td><td colspan="1">September 25, 1997 (1997-9-25)</td><td>May 14, 1998 (1998-5-14)</td><td>2<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41">41</a></td><td>20.4</td><td>33.3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" colspan="1"><a href="/facts/List_of_ER_episodes/nRpE8rpy">5</a></th><td colspan="2">22</td><td colspan="1">September 24, 1998 (1998-9-24)</td><td>May 20, 1999 (1999-5-20)</td><td>1<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42">42</a></td><td>17.8</td><td>29.6</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" colspan="1"><a href="/facts/List_of_ER_episodes/nRpE8rpy">6</a></th><td colspan="2">22</td><td colspan="1">September 30, 1999 (1999-9-30)</td><td>May 18, 2000 (2000-5-18)</td><td>4<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43">43</a></td><td>16.9</td><td>29.8</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" colspan="1"><a href="/facts/List_of_ER_episodes/nRpE8rpy">7</a></th><td colspan="2">22</td><td colspan="1">October 12, 2000 (2000-10-12)</td><td>May 17, 2001 (2001-5-17)</td><td>2<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44">44</a></td><td>15.0</td><td>27.0</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" colspan="1"><a href="/facts/List_of_ER_episodes/nRpE8rpy">8</a></th><td colspan="2">22</td><td colspan="1">September 27, 2001 (2001-9-27)</td><td>May 16, 2002 (2002-5-16)</td><td>3<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45">45</a></td><td>14.2</td><td>26.1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" colspan="1"><a href="/facts/List_of_ER_episodes/nRpE8rpy">9</a></th><td colspan="2">22</td><td colspan="1">September 26, 2002 (2002-9-26)</td><td>May 15, 2003 (2003-5-15)</td><td>6<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46">46</a></td><td>13.1</td><td>22.7</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" colspan="1"><a href="/facts/List_of_ER_episodes/nRpE8rpy">10</a></th><td colspan="2">22</td><td colspan="1">September 25, 2003 (2003-9-25)</td><td>May 13, 2004 (2004-5-13)</td><td>8<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47">47</a></td><td>12.9</td><td>21.5</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" colspan="1"><a href="/facts/List_of_ER_episodes/nRpE8rpy">11</a></th><td colspan="2">22</td><td colspan="1">September 23, 2004 (2004-9-23)</td><td>May 19, 2005 (2005-5-19)</td><td>16<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48">48</a></td><td>10.4</td><td>17.5</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" colspan="1"><a href="/facts/List_of_ER_episodes/nRpE8rpy">12</a></th><td colspan="2">22</td><td colspan="1">September 22, 2005 (2005-9-22)</td><td>May 18, 2006 (2006-5-18)</td><td>30<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49">49</a></td><td>8.1</td><td>14.2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" colspan="1"><a href="/facts/List_of_ER_episodes/nRpE8rpy">13</a></th><td colspan="2">23</td><td colspan="1">September 21, 2006 (2006-9-21)</td><td>May 17, 2007 (2007-5-17)</td><td>40<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50">50</a></td><td>7.4</td><td>12.0</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" colspan="1"><a href="/facts/List_of_ER_episodes/nRpE8rpy">14</a></th><td colspan="2">19</td><td colspan="1">September 27, 2007 (2007-9-27)</td><td>May 15, 2008 (2008-5-15)</td><td>54<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51">51</a></td><td>—</td><td>8.7</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" colspan="1"><a href="/facts/List_of_ER_episodes/nRpE8rpy">15</a></th><td colspan="2">22</td><td colspan="1">September 25, 2008 (2008-9-25)</td><td>April 2, 2009 (2009-4-2)</td><td>37<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52">52</a></td><td>6.7</td><td>9.0</td></tr></tbody></table>

A typical episode centered on the ER, with most scenes set in the hospital or surrounding streets. In addition, most seasons included at least one storyline located completely outside of the ER, often outside of <a href="/facts/Chicago/yPMokrXH">Chicago</a>. Over the span of the series, stories took place in the <a href="/facts/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo/E2KmHDdv">Congo</a>, <a href="/facts/Iraq/pqYSFJw8">Iraq</a>, <a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3">France</a>, and <a href="/facts/Sudan/yGeaNdvS">Sudan</a>. One early storyline involved a road trip taken by Dr. Ross and Dr. Greene to <a href="/facts/California/zLW2vdQJ">California</a> and a season eight episode included a storyline in <a href="/facts/Hawaii/ImxFefeK">Hawaii</a> featuring Dr. Greene and Dr. Corday. Beginning in season nine, storylines started to include the Congo, featuring Dr. Kovač, Dr. Carter, and Dr. Pratt.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53">53</a> "We turned some attention on the Congo and on <a href="/facts/Darfur/g6NlXSgc">Darfur</a> when nobody else was. We had a bigger audience than a nightly newscast will ever see, making 25 to 30 million people aware of what was going on in Africa," ER producer <a href="/facts/John_Wells_(producer)/PkU6WIYf">John Wells</a> said. "The show is not about telling people to eat their vegetables, but if we can do that in an entertaining context, then there's nothing better." The series also focused on sociopolitical issues such as <a href="/facts/HIV/ulY2rgzu">HIV</a> and <a href="/facts/AIDS/RqLIEMuJ">AIDS</a>, <a href="/facts/Organ_transplantation/1jNvVJn6">organ transplants</a>, <a href="/facts/Mental_illness/EPNjFtFf">mental illness</a>, <a href="/facts/Racism/SfrqGbu8">racism</a>, <a href="/facts/Human_trafficking/07sKSjt4">human trafficking</a>, <a href="/facts/Euthanasia/aYfNlLna">euthanasia</a>, <a href="/facts/Poverty/hNLtrNmK">poverty</a> and <a href="/facts/Gay_rights/UpImJVJQ">gay rights</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54">54</a>
Some episodes used creative formats, such as the 1997 "<a href="/facts/Ambush_(ER)/AWH3BVBg">Ambush</a>," which was broadcast live twice, once for the east coast and again three hours later for the west coast,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55">55</a> and 2002's "Hindsight," which ran in reverse time as it followed one character, Dr. Kovač, through the events of a Christmas Eve shift and the Christmas party that preceded it.

<h3>Crossover with Third Watch</h3>
See also: <a href="/facts/Third_Watch/ruGQJCFP">Third Watch § Crossovers</a>
The episode "Brothers and Sisters" (first broadcast on April 25, 2002) begins a crossover that concludes on the <a href="/facts/Third_Watch/ruGQJCFP">Third Watch</a> episode "Unleashed" in which Dr. Lewis enlists the help of Officers Maurice Boscorelli and Faith Yokas to find her sister and niece.

<h2 id="ratings">Ratings</h2>
U.S. seasonal rankings based on average total viewers per episode of ER on <a href="/facts/NBC/zyfTYCvW">NBC</a> are tabulated below. Each U.S. network television season starts in late September and ends in late May, which coincides with the completion of May <a href="/facts/Sweeps/PJ1HH4H8">sweeps</a>. All times mentioned in this section were in the Eastern and Pacific time zones. Ratings for seasons 1–2 are listed in households (the percentage of households watching the program), while ratings for seasons 3–15 are listed in viewers.

<table><tbody><tr><th>Season</th><th>Episodes</th><th>Timeslot (<a href="/facts/Eastern_Time_Zone/jP4S8j1V">ET</a>)</th><th>Season premiere</th><th>Season finale</th><th>TV season</th><th>Viewerrank (#)</th><th>Households/Viewers(in millions)</th></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/ER_season_1/H4fYNMme">1</a></th><td>25</td><td rowspan="15">Thursday 10:00 pm</td><td>September 19, 1994</td><td>May 18, 1995</td><td><a href="/facts/1994%E2%80%9395_United_States_network_television_schedule/SJER8j1e">1994–1995</a></td><th>#2<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56">56</a></th><th>19.08<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57">57</a></th></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/ER_season_2/xNj8mXIT">2</a></th><td>22</td><td>September 21, 1995</td><td>May 16, 1996</td><td><a href="/facts/1995%E2%80%9396_United_States_network_television_schedule/TXCr8nol">1995–1996</a></td><th>#1<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58">58</a></th><th>21.10<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59">59</a></th></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/ER_season_3/y4eGGayD">3</a></th><td>22</td><td>September 26, 1996</td><td>May 15, 1997</td><td><a href="/facts/1996%E2%80%9397_United_States_network_television_schedule/XLT9FvGo">1996–1997</a></td><th>#1<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60">60</a></th><th>30.79<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61">61</a></th></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/ER_season_4/Kt1fcAkH">4</a></th><td>22</td><td>September 25, 1997</td><td>May 14, 1998</td><td><a href="/facts/1997%E2%80%9398_United_States_network_television_schedule/XSCMNx8A">1997–1998</a></td><th>#2<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62">62</a></th><th>30.2<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63">63</a></th></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/ER_season_5/IvVTvfAD">5</a></th><td>22</td><td>September 24, 1998</td><td>May 20, 1999</td><td><a href="/facts/1998%E2%80%9399_United_States_network_television_schedule/awycNGIh">1998–1999</a></td><th>#1<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64">64</a></th><th>25.4<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65">65</a></th></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/ER_season_6/d0aFSBFX">6</a></th><td>22</td><td>September 30, 1999</td><td>May 18, 2000</td><td><a href="/facts/1999%E2%80%9300_United_States_network_television_schedule/2SFUwEfz">1999–2000</a></td><th>#4<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66">66</a></th><th>24.95<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67">67</a></th></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/ER_season_7/CQDBJ0TH">7</a></th><td>22</td><td>October 12, 2000</td><td>May 17, 2001</td><td><a href="/facts/2000%E2%80%9301_United_States_network_television_schedule/3c53feQD">2000–2001</a></td><th>#2<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68">68</a></th><th>22.4<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69">69</a></th></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/ER_season_8/fzXf4s3s">8</a></th><td>22</td><td>September 27, 2001</td><td>May 16, 2002</td><td><a href="/facts/2001%E2%80%9302_United_States_network_television_schedule/xDd1b1dL">2001–2002</a></td><th>#3<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70">70</a></th><th>22.1<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71">71</a></th></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/ER_season_9/H45QtLHV">9</a></th><td>22</td><td>September 26, 2002</td><td>May 15, 2003</td><td><a href="/facts/2002%E2%80%9303_United_States_network_television_schedule/4DNHHHXT">2002–2003</a></td><th>#6<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72">72</a></th><th>19.99<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:73" href="#fn:73">73</a></th></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/ER_season_10/48ehexCY">10</a></th><td>22</td><td>September 25, 2003</td><td>May 13, 2004</td><td><a href="/facts/2003%E2%80%9304_United_States_network_television_schedule/ehg38WlA">2003–2004</a></td><th>#8<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:74" href="#fn:74">74</a></th><th>19.04<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:75" href="#fn:75">75</a></th></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/ER_season_11/3VWh56G9">11</a></th><td>22</td><td>September 23, 2004</td><td>May 19, 2005</td><td><a href="/facts/2004%E2%80%9305_United_States_network_television_schedule/PIG4VwdP">2004–2005</a></td><th>#16<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:76" href="#fn:76">76</a></th><th>15.17<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:77" href="#fn:77">77</a></th></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/ER_season_12/WKwT03bv">12</a></th><td>22</td><td>September 22, 2005</td><td>May 18, 2006</td><td><a href="/facts/2005%E2%80%9306_United_States_network_television_schedule/eCch1Slp">2005–2006</a></td><th>#30<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:78" href="#fn:78">78</a></th><th>12.06<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:79" href="#fn:79">79</a></th></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/ER_season_13/QEFFjLxB">13</a></th><td>23</td><td>September 21, 2006</td><td>May 17, 2007</td><td><a href="/facts/2006%E2%80%9307_United_States_network_television_schedule/5PoFUqG1">2006–2007</a></td><th>#40<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:80" href="#fn:80">80</a></th><th>11.56<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:81" href="#fn:81">81</a></th></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/ER_season_14/sVATqCkS">14</a></th><td>19</td><td>September 27, 2007</td><td>May 15, 2008</td><td><a href="/facts/2007%E2%80%9308_United_States_network_television_schedule/2oXYwCsn">2007–2008</a></td><th>#54<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:82" href="#fn:82">82</a></th><th>9.20<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:83" href="#fn:83">83</a></th></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/ER_season_15/4EbGWjGl">15</a></th><td>22</td><td>September 25, 2008</td><td>April 2, 2009</td><td><a href="/facts/2008%E2%80%9309_United_States_network_television_schedule/gQYvpEh8">2008–2009</a></td><th>#37<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:84" href="#fn:84">84</a></th><th>10.30<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:85" href="#fn:85">85</a></th></tr></tbody></table>
In its first year, ER attracted an average of 19 million viewers per episode, becoming the year's second most watched television show, just behind <a href="/facts/Seinfeld/GgVbRWDn">Seinfeld</a>. In the following two seasons (1995–1997), ER was the most watched show in <a href="/facts/North_America/djNjCQIl">North America</a>. For almost five years, ER battled for the top spot against Seinfeld, but in 1998, Seinfeld ended and then ER became number one again. The <a href="/facts/And_in_the_End.../GyAglYa5">series finale</a> attracted 16.4 million viewers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:86" href="#fn:86">86</a> The show's highest rating came during the episode "<a href="/facts/Hell_and_High_Water_(ER)/J0KguGwS">Hell and High Water</a>" with 48 million viewers and a 45% market share. It was the highest for a regularly scheduled drama since a May 1985 installment of <a href="/facts/Dallas_(1978_TV_series)/BI1DHKwU">Dallas</a> received a 46. The share represents the percentage of TVs in use tuned in to that show.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:87" href="#fn:87">87</a>

<h2 id="critical-reception">Critical reception</h2>
Throughout the series ER received positive reviews from critics and fans alike. <a href="/facts/Marvin_Kitman/9FwzfkAa">Marvin Kitman</a> from <a href="/facts/Newsday/B8J7EMY7">Newsday</a> said: "It's like <a href="/facts/M*A*S*H_(TV_series)/y2xqNz2T">M*A*S*H</a> with just the helicopters showing up and no laughs. E.R. is all trauma; you never get to know enough about the patients or get involved with them. It's just treat, release and move on."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:88" href="#fn:88">88</a> <a href="/facts/Richard_Zoglin/RlPAyWnH">Richard Zoglin</a> from <a href="/facts/Time_(magazine)/N4FXc99l">TIME</a> stated that it's "probably the most realistic fictional treatment of the medical profession TV has ever presented."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:89" href="#fn:89">89</a>
<a href="/facts/NBC/zyfTYCvW">NBC</a> launched the show at the same time that <a href="/facts/CBS/BhMsVoej">CBS</a> launched its own medical drama <a href="/facts/Chicago_Hope/SoGEo5kd">Chicago Hope</a>; many critics drew comparisons between the two. Eric Mink, writing for the <a href="/facts/Daily_News_(New_York)/3QE3DzVE">New York Daily News</a>, concluded that ER may rate more highly in the <a href="/facts/Nielsen_Media_Research/AwygC4z6">Nielsens</a> but Chicago Hope told better stories,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:90" href="#fn:90">90</a> while <a href="/facts/Alan_Rich/AfgRy4hR">Alan Rich</a>, writing for <a href="/facts/Variety_(magazine)/38rXIaaG">Variety</a>, felt both shows were "riveting, superior TV fare."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:91" href="#fn:91">91</a> <a href="/facts/The_Daily_Telegraph/aHa5nNw5">The Daily Telegraph</a> wrote in 1996: "Not being able to follow what on earth is going on remains one of the peculiar charms of the breakneck American hospital drama, ER."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:92" href="#fn:92">92</a>
In 2002, <a href="/facts/TV_Guide_(magazine)/pFNw9hLG">TV Guide</a> ranked ER No. 22 on their list of "TV's Top 50 Shows," making it the second highest ranked medical drama on the list (after <a href="/facts/St._Elsewhere/X5nIcQLy">St. Elsewhere</a> at No. 20).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:93" href="#fn:93">93</a> Also, the episode "<a href="/facts/Love%27s_Labor_Lost_(ER)/U8FQatlF">Love's Labor Lost</a>" was ranked No. 6 on <a href="/facts/TV_Guide%27s_100_Greatest_Episodes_of_All-Time/SIaaqoue">TV Guide's 100 Greatest Episodes of All-Time</a> list having earlier been ranked No. 3.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:94" href="#fn:94">94</a> The show placed No. 19 on <a href="/facts/Entertainment_Weekly/BhADudJx">Entertainment Weekly</a>'s "New TV Classics" list.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:95" href="#fn:95">95</a> <a href="/facts/Empire_(magazine)/KhGMQFVh">Empire</a> ranked it No. 29 in their list of the "50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time" and said the best episode was "<a href="/facts/Hell_and_High_Water_(ER)/J0KguGwS">Hell and High Water</a>" where "<a href="/facts/Doug_Ross/xg7bGQ35">Doug Ross</a> (<a href="/facts/George_Clooney/4xvq2tAy">George Clooney</a>) saves a young boy from drowning during a flood."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:96" href="#fn:96">96</a> In 2012, ER was voted Best TV Drama on <a href="/facts/American_Broadcasting_Company/WGxg4vRX">ABC</a>'s <a href="/facts/20/20_(American_TV_program)/agkFf9HL">20/20</a> special episode "Best in TV: The Greatest TV Shows of Our Time."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:97" href="#fn:97">97</a> In 2013, TV Guide ranked it No. 9 in its list of The 60 Greatest Dramas of All Time<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:98" href="#fn:98">98</a> and No. 29 in its list of the 60 Best Series.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:99" href="#fn:99">99</a> In the same year, the <a href="/facts/Writers_Guild_of_America/l22RPXPx">Writers Guild of America</a> ranked ER No. 28 in its list of the 101 Best Written TV Series of All Time.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:100" href="#fn:100">100</a>

<h3>Awards and nominations</h3>
Main article: <a href="/facts/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_ER/lTTlvRYN">List of awards and nominations received by ER</a>
ER has won 128 industry awards from 442 nominations, including the <a href="/facts/Peabody_Awards/pC7Q1kqp">Peabody Award</a> in 1995, <a href="/facts/TCA_Award_for_Program_of_the_Year/0UVbanDL">TCA Award for Program of the Year</a> in 1995, and <a href="/facts/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Drama_Series/WaB9fUb3">Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series</a> in 1996. It was also nominated for 124 <a href="/facts/Primetime_Emmy_Awards/4eAaPW0F">Primetime Emmy Awards</a> (with 23 wins), 25 <a href="/facts/Golden_Globe_Awards/1v50C2Tb">Golden Globe Awards</a> (with one win), 18 <a href="/facts/Screen_Actors_Guild_Awards/MhpGtGH1">Screen Actors Guild Awards</a> (with eight wins), 12 <a href="/facts/Directors_Guild_of_America_Awards/L3qNMTE8">Directors Guild of America Awards</a> (with four wins), 8 <a href="/facts/TCA_Awards/TFrNXIl2">TCA Awards</a> (with two wins), 5 <a href="/facts/Writers_Guild_of_America_Awards/5qbdxdTE">Writers Guild of America Awards</a> (with one win), and 3 <a href="/facts/Producers_Guild_of_America_Awards/zxpGLnQ0">Producers Guild of America Awards</a> (with two wins).

<h2 id="distribution">Distribution</h2>
<h3>Home media</h3>
<a href="/facts/Warner_Bros._Home_Entertainment/QqjE1WEy">Warner Home Video</a> has released all 15 seasons in Region 1, Region 2, and Region 4.
In the United Kingdom (Region 2), The Complete Series boxset was released on October 26, 2009.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:101" href="#fn:101">101</a> On September 12, 2016, the series was re-released in three box sets, Seasons 1–5,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:102" href="#fn:102">102</a> Seasons 6–10,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:103" href="#fn:103">103</a> and Seasons 11–15.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:104" href="#fn:104">104</a>

<table><tbody><tr><th rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/DVD/7fJsHJrN">DVD</a> title</th><th rowspan="2">No. ofepisodes</th><th colspan="3">Release dates</th></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/DVD_region_code/vAbTcnym">Region 1</a></th><th><a href="/facts/DVD_region_code/vAbTcnym">Region 2</a></th><th><a href="/facts/DVD_region_code/vAbTcnym">Region 4</a></th></tr><tr><td>ER: The Complete First Season (1994–1995)</td><td>25</td><td>August 26, 2003</td><td>February 23, 2004</td><td>April 28, 2004</td></tr><tr><td>ER: The Complete Second Season (1995–1996)</td><td>22</td><td>April 27, 2004</td><td>July 26, 2004</td><td>July 15, 2004</td></tr><tr><td>ER: The Complete Third Season (1996–1997)</td><td>22</td><td>April 26, 2005</td><td>January 31, 2005</td><td>December 16, 2004</td></tr><tr><td>ER: The Complete Fourth Season (1997–1998)</td><td>22</td><td>December 20, 2005</td><td>May 16, 2005</td><td>April 27, 2005</td></tr><tr><td>ER: The Complete Fifth Season (1998–1999)</td><td>22</td><td>July 11, 2006</td><td>October 24, 2005</td><td>November 15, 2005</td></tr><tr><td>ER: The Complete Sixth Season (1999–2000)</td><td>22</td><td>December 19, 2006</td><td>April 3, 2006</td><td>May 5, 2006</td></tr><tr><td>ER: The Complete Seventh Season (2000–2001)</td><td>22</td><td>May 15, 2007</td><td>September 18, 2006</td><td>October 3, 2006</td></tr><tr><td>ER: The Complete Eighth Season (2001–2002)</td><td>22</td><td>January 22, 2008</td><td>July 16, 2007</td><td>September 6, 2007</td></tr><tr><td>ER: The Complete Ninth Season (2002–2003)</td><td>22</td><td>June 17, 2008</td><td>October 29, 2007</td><td>October 31, 2007</td></tr><tr><td>ER: The Complete Tenth Season (2003–2004)</td><td>22</td><td>March 3, 2009</td><td>January 28, 2008</td><td>May 7, 2008</td></tr><tr><td>ER: The Complete Eleventh Season (2004–2005)</td><td>22</td><td>July 14, 2009</td><td>April 21, 2008</td><td>May 7, 2008</td></tr><tr><td>ER: The Complete Twelfth Season (2005–2006)</td><td>22</td><td>January 12, 2010</td><td>September 15, 2008</td><td>October 1, 2008</td></tr><tr><td>ER: The Complete Thirteenth Season (2006–2007)</td><td>23</td><td>July 6, 2010</td><td>November 3, 2008</td><td>April 29, 2009</td></tr><tr><td>ER: The Complete Fourteenth Season (2007–2008)</td><td>19</td><td>January 11, 2011</td><td>May 18, 2009</td><td>April 28, 2010</td></tr><tr><td>ER: The Final Season (2008–2009)</td><td>22</td><td>July 12, 2011</td><td>September 21, 2009</td><td>October 12, 2010</td></tr></tbody></table>
The DVD box sets of ER are unusual in the fact that they are all in <a href="/facts/Anamorphic_widescreen/n292Iu48">anamorphic widescreen</a> even though the first six seasons of the show were broadcast in a standard 4:3 format. ER was shot <a href="/facts/Shoot_and_protect/s7gM5YCW">protecting</a> for widescreen presentation, allowing the show to be presented in 16:9 <a href="/facts/Open_matte/LUAJxuuB">open matte</a> (leaving only the title sequence in the 4:3 format). However, as the production of the show was generally conceived with 4:3 presentation in mind, some episodes feature vignetting or unintended objects towards the sides of the frame that would not be visible when presented in the 4:3 format. These episodes also appear in the widescreen format when rerun on <a href="/facts/TNT_(American_TV_network)/uW4vqKNk">TNT HD</a>, <a href="/facts/Pop_(American_TV_channel)/AKE3T70a">Pop</a> and streaming services.
In 2018, <a href="/facts/Hulu/BzDs7GsQ">Hulu</a> struck a deal with <a href="/facts/Warner_Bros._Domestic_Television_Distribution/xTakESlf">Warner Bros. Domestic Television Distribution</a> to stream all 15 seasons of the show.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:105" href="#fn:105">105</a> The show arrived on <a href="/facts/Max_(streaming_service)/s2wq20PT">Max</a> in January 2022.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:106" href="#fn:106">106</a>

<h3>Soundtrack</h3>
In 1996, <a href="/facts/Atlantic_Records/mDWQefs5">Atlantic Records</a> released an album of music from the first two seasons, featuring <a href="/facts/James_Newton_Howard/UwsQAoBd">James Newton Howard</a>'s theme from the series in its on-air and full versions, selections from the weekly scores composed by Martin Davich (Howard scored the two-hour pilot, Davich scored all the subsequent episodes and wrote a new theme used from 2006–2009 until the final episode, when Howard's original theme returned) and songs used on the series.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:107" href="#fn:107">107</a>

<ol><li>Theme From ER – James Newton Howard (3:02)</li>
<li>Dr. Lewis and Renee (from "The Birthday Party") (1:57)</li>
<li>Canine Blues (from "Make of Two Hearts") (2:27)</li>
<li>Goodbye Baby Susie (from "Fever of Unknown Origin") (3:11)</li>
<li>Doug & Carol (from "The Gift") – composed by James Newton Howard and Martin Davich (1:59)</li>
<li>Healing Hands – Marc Cohn (4:25)</li>
<li>The Hero (from "Hell And High Water") composed by James Newton Howard and Martin Davich (1:55)</li>
<li>Carter, See You Next Fall (from "Everything Old Is New Again") (1:28)</li>
<li>Reasons For Living – Duncan Sheik (4:33)</li>
<li>Dr. Green and a Mother's Death (from "Love's Labor Lost") (2:48)</li>
<li>Raul Dies (from "The Healers") (2:20)</li>
<li>Hell and High Water (from "Hell And High Water") – composed by James Newton Howard and Martin Davich (2:38)</li>
<li>Hold On (from "Hell And High Water") (2:47)</li>
<li>Shep Arrives (from "The Healers") (3:37)</li>
<li>Shattered Glass (from "Hell And High Water") (2:11)</li>
<li>Theme From ER – James Newton Howard (1:00)</li>
<li>It Came Upon a Midnight Clear – Mike Finnegan (2:30)</li></ol>
<h3>Other media</h3>
<ul><li>An ER video game developed by <a href="/facts/Legacy_Games/hqdmL6MR">Legacy Interactive</a> for <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Windows_2000/amJIt9gz">Windows 2000</a> and <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Windows_XP/IozrkAYS">XP</a> was released in 2005.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:108" href="#fn:108">108</a></li>
<li>In the <a href="/facts/Mad_(TV_series)/a2fCQBfG">Mad</a> episode "Pokémon Park / WWER," the show was parodied in the style of <a href="/facts/WWE/XwgXLWRT">WWE</a>.</li>
<li>A recurring sketch called "Toy ER" in the <a href="/facts/Nickelodeon/XFDhS5fX">Nickelodeon</a> comedy series <a href="/facts/All_That/IAYX7lmv">All That</a> parodies the show, featuring Dr. Malady (Chelsea Brummet), Dr. Botch (<a href="/facts/Giovonnie_Samuels/dduIt2mh">Giovonnie Samuels</a>), and Dr. Sax (<a href="/facts/Shane_Lyons/36541CKY">Shane Lyons</a>) "treating" damaged toys.</li>
<li>A book about emergency medicine based on the TV series, <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HQ6YPAAACAAJ">The Medicine of ER: An Insider's Guide to the Medical Science Behind America's #1 TV Drama</a> was published in 1996. Authors Alan Duncan Ross and Harlan Gibbs M.D. have hospital administration and ER experience, respectively, and are called fans of the TV show in the book's credits.</li>
<li>An episode-by-episode <a href="/facts/Rewatch_podcast/S1Rp2L7a">rewatch podcast</a> called <a href="https://settingthetonepodcast.libsyn.com/">Setting the Tone: An ER Retrospective</a> launched in 2019, and has featured numerous cast and crew interviews, including <a href="/facts/Gloria_Reuben/kRfKSy4G">Gloria Reuben</a>, <a href="/facts/Abraham_Benrubi/41IvQd19">Abraham Benrubi</a>, <a href="/facts/Noah_Wyle/fkufF6Nm">Noah Wyle</a>, <a href="/facts/Lydia_Woodward/eXg093Km">Lydia Woodward</a>, <a href="/facts/Laura_Innes/8rVSvSvR">Laura Innes</a>, <a href="/facts/Carol_Flint/FMa9lSCF">Carol Flint</a>, John Frank Levy, <a href="/facts/Paul_McCrane/UMVYhfyR">Paul McCrane</a>, and others.</li></ul>
<h3>Foreign adaptations</h3>
In March 2012, <a href="/facts/Warner_Bros._International_Television/xTakESlf">Warner Bros. International Television</a> announced that they would sell the format rights to ER to overseas territories. This allowed foreign countries to produce their own version of the series.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:109" href="#fn:109">109</a>
In June 2013, Warner Bros. International Television and <a href="/facts/Emotion_Production/XpdoI0eg">Emotion Production</a> announced a <a href="/facts/Serbia/U0LVzPdI">Serbian</a> version of ER.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:110" href="#fn:110">110</a> Urgentni centar premiered on October 6, 2014, on <a href="/facts/Prva_Srpska_Televizija/scUbECI9">TV Prva</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:111" href="#fn:111">111</a> A total of 246 episodes of the show have been produced, spanning 4 seasons, with the series finale being shown on March 18, 2025.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:112" href="#fn:112">112</a>
In January 2014, Warner Bros. International Television with <a href="/facts/RCN_TV/U3Rv5MyH">RCN</a>, <a href="/facts/Fox_International_Channels/ykIepoJB">Fox International Channels</a> and <a href="/facts/TC_Televisi%C3%B3n/rVmzumv4">TC</a> announced a <a href="/facts/Colombia/nl7r8Q2u">Colombian</a> version of ER.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:113" href="#fn:113">113</a>
In March 2014, Warner Bros. International Television and <a href="/facts/Starlight_Media/V56DxA8D">StarLight Films</a> announced a <a href="/facts/Ukraine/Qof0uqAj">Ukrainian</a> version of ER.
In February 2015, Warner Bros. International Television and Medyapım announced a <a href="/facts/Turkey/KIYAWAs0">Turkish</a> version of ER.

<h2 id="reboot">Reboot</h2>
Original cast member <a href="/facts/Noah_Wyle/fkufF6Nm">Noah Wyle</a> revealed that in 2020 there were talks to revive the show. However, development of that series stalled due to issues with the estate of creator <a href="/facts/Michael_Crichton/fFkkVqzr">Michael Crichton</a>, and in early 2024, Wyle was announced as starring in a new medical drama from <a href="/facts/Warner_Bros._Television/xTakESlf">Warner Bros.</a> and original ER showrunner <a href="/facts/John_Wells_(filmmaker)/PkU6WIYf">John Wells</a>, <a href="/facts/The_Pitt/cGl67JkY">The Pitt</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:114" href="#fn:114">114</a> That August, the Crichton estate brought a lawsuit against Warner Bros., Wells, and Wyle, alleging that The Pitt was in fact an unauthorized remake of ER which could not be produced without the estate's approval; Warner Bros. has denied the allegation, calling The Pitt "a new and original show."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:115" href="#fn:115">115</a>

<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Casualty_(TV_series)/HCpvdxUa">Casualty</a> – Similar concept but based on a <a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2">British</a> fictional hospital's accident and emergency department.</li></ul>

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
<ul><li>Official <a href="http://www.nbc.com/ER/">NBC</a> website</li>
<li>Official <a href="https://www.warnerbros.com/tv/er">Warner Bros.</a> website</li>
<li>Official <a href="https://www.michaelcrichton.com/works/er/">Michael Crichton</a> website</li>
<li><a href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0108757/">ER</a> at <a href="/facts/IMDb_(identifier)/uWrqVYVy">IMDb</a></li>
<li> Media related to ER (TV series) at Wikimedia Commons</li>
<li> Quotations related to ER at Wikiquote</li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">"About the Hit NBC TV Show ER". NBC. Archived from the original on October 28, 2011. Retrieved October 14, 2011. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111028193641/http://www.nbc.com/ER/about/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20111028193641/http://www.nbc.com/ER/about/</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">Tait, R. Colin (November 26, 2014). "Marathon Viewing E.R.: Rewatching Television's Greatest Prime-Time Serial". Flow. <a href="https://www.flowjournal.org/2014/11/marathon-viewing-e-r/" target="_blank">https://www.flowjournal.org/2014/11/marathon-viewing-e-r/</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">Chaney, Jen (September 20, 2019). "As ER Turns 25, a Look at How Its Visual Style Changed the TV Game". Vulture. <a href="https://www.vulture.com/2019/09/er-filmmaking-style-legacy.html" target="_blank">https://www.vulture.com/2019/09/er-filmmaking-style-legacy.html</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">Jacobs, Jason (2003). Body Trauma TV: The New Hospital Dramas (Illustrated ed.). British Film Institute. p. 24. ISBN 0-85170-880-3. <a href="0-85170-880-3" target="_blank">0-85170-880-3</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">Richard, Zoglin; Smilgis, Martha (October 31, 1994). "Television: Angels with Dirty Faces". TIME. Archived from the original on November 4, 2012. Retrieved October 17, 2009. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121104084035/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,981691-2,00.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20121104084035/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,981691-2,00.html</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">Keenleyside, Sam (1998). Bedside manners: George Clooney and ER (Illustrated ed.). ECW Press. p. 129. ISBN 1-55022-336-4. <a href="1-55022-336-4" target="_blank">1-55022-336-4</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">"Linda Vista Hospital". The Center for Land Use Interpretation. Archived from the original on April 18, 2005. Retrieved June 28, 2009. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050418050155/http://ludb.clui.org/ex/i/CA6083/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20050418050155/http://ludb.clui.org/ex/i/CA6083/</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">Pirrello, Phil (September 19, 2024). "ER at 30: The Oral History of Making the Pilot". Emmys. <a href="https://www.emmys.com/news/online-originals/er-oral-history" target="_blank">https://www.emmys.com/news/online-originals/er-oral-history</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">Carter, Bill (2006). Desperate Networks (Illustrated ed.). Doubleday. p. 30. ISBN 0-385-51440-9. <a href="0-385-51440-9" target="_blank">0-385-51440-9</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">Richmond, Ray (April 1, 2009). "Saying goodbye to 'ER'". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on September 18, 2010. Retrieved September 18, 2010. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100918124825/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3i7288557915e143d093978f906f0a5cbf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20100918124825/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3i7288557915e143d093978f906f0a5cbf</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">Richmond, Ray (April 1, 2009). "Saying goodbye to 'ER'". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on September 18, 2010. Retrieved September 18, 2010. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100918124825/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3i7288557915e143d093978f906f0a5cbf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20100918124825/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3i7288557915e143d093978f906f0a5cbf</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">Rice, Lynette (April 2, 2019). "How ER beat a bad early prognosis to become one of TV's biggest hits". Entertainment Weekly. <a href="https://ew.com/tv/2019/04/02/er-25-anniversary-oral-history-pilot/" target="_blank">https://ew.com/tv/2019/04/02/er-25-anniversary-oral-history-pilot/</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:13">Siegel, Alan (November 26, 2014). "'ER' Was Prestige TV Before the Term Even Existed". The Ringer. <a href="https://www.theringer.com/tv/2019/9/19/20872849/er-how-it-was-made-20th-anniversary" target="_blank">https://www.theringer.com/tv/2019/9/19/20872849/er-how-it-was-made-20th-anniversary</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:14">Richmond, Ray (April 1, 2009). "Saying goodbye to 'ER'". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on September 18, 2010. Retrieved September 18, 2010. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100918124825/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3i7288557915e143d093978f906f0a5cbf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20100918124825/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3i7288557915e143d093978f906f0a5cbf</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">Adalian, Josef (September 18, 2019). "The Architects of NBC's Classic Must-See Lineup Reveal How Friends and ER Became Legends". Vulture. <a href="https://www.vulture.com/2014/09/1994-friends-seinfeld-er-warren-littlefield-transcript.html" target="_blank">https://www.vulture.com/2014/09/1994-friends-seinfeld-er-warren-littlefield-transcript.html</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:16">Goldberg, Lesley (February 22, 2019). "'TV's Top 5' Podcast: Oscars Preview, Marvel Cancellations Decoded". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved February 25, 2019. <a href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/tvs-top-5-podcast-oscars-preview-marvel-cancellations-decoded-1188818" target="_blank">https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/tvs-top-5-podcast-oscars-preview-marvel-cancellations-decoded-1188818</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:17">Keveney, Bill (March 31, 2005). "After 11 years, Dr. Carter takes leave from ER". ER Headquarters. Archived from the original on July 9, 2009. Retrieved June 28, 2009. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090709102637/http://www.erheadquarters.com/news/11/after11years_033105.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20090709102637/http://www.erheadquarters.com/news/11/after11years_033105.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:18">Gardner, Eriq (February 6, 2002). "Why The Sopranos and ER put those black bands across your screen". Slate. <a href="https://slate.com/culture/2002/02/why-the-sopranos-and-er-put-those-black-bands-across-your-screen.html" target="_blank">https://slate.com/culture/2002/02/why-the-sopranos-and-er-put-those-black-bands-across-your-screen.html</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:19">"NBC PICKS UP CLASSIC, EMMY AWARD-WINNING 'ER' FOR 15TH AND FINAL SEASON". NBC Universal Media Village. April 2, 2008. Retrieved June 28, 2009.[dead link‍] <a href="http://www.nbcumv.com/release_detail.nbc/nbcuniversaltelevision-20080402000000-nbcpicksupclassic.html" target="_blank">http://www.nbcumv.com/release_detail.nbc/nbcuniversaltelevision-20080402000000-nbcpicksupclassic.html</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:20">Levin, Gary (April 8, 2008). "NBC veteran 'ER' will end its run next year". USA Today. Retrieved June 28, 2009. <a href="https://www.usatoday.com/life/television/news/2008-04-07-er-final-season_N.htm" target="_blank">https://www.usatoday.com/life/television/news/2008-04-07-er-final-season_N.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:21">The Futon Critic Staff (December 3, 2008). "NBC Fallout: "Knight" Cut, "Er" Extended". The Futon Critic. Retrieved June 28, 2009. <a href="http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news.aspx?id=7876" target="_blank">http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news.aspx?id=7876</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:22">Schneider, Michael (January 8, 2009). "Wells' 'Police' close to series order, Final season of 'ER' to be extended". Variety. Retrieved June 28, 2009. <a href="https://variety.com/2009/scene/markets-festivals/wells-police-close-to-series-order-1117998243/" target="_blank">https://variety.com/2009/scene/markets-festivals/wells-police-close-to-series-order-1117998243/</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:23">"ER: Clooney and Margulies Return to Closed Set for a Final Episode". TV Series Finale. January 22, 2009. Archived from the original on January 30, 2009. Retrieved June 28, 2009. <a href="https://archive.today/20090130040614/http://tvseriesfinale.com/articles/er-clooney-and-margulies-to-return-for-final-episodes/" target="_blank">https://archive.today/20090130040614/http://tvseriesfinale.com/articles/er-clooney-and-margulies-to-return-for-final-episodes/</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:24">Richmond, Ray (April 1, 2009). "Saying goodbye to 'ER'". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on September 18, 2010. Retrieved September 18, 2010. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100918124825/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3i7288557915e143d093978f906f0a5cbf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20100918124825/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3i7288557915e143d093978f906f0a5cbf</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:26">Carter, Bill (November 16, 1998). "What Price 'E.R.' Syndication?". The New York Times. Retrieved March 1, 2013. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/1998/11/16/business/media-what-price-er-syndication.html" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/1998/11/16/business/media-what-price-er-syndication.html</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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</ol>

ER (TV series) open-in-new

ER (TV series)