UR-100N

<h2 id="development">Development</h2>
<p>Development of the UR-100N began at <a href="/facts/OKB-52/WnDB097d">OKB-52</a> in 1970 and flight tests were carried out from 1973 through 1975. In 1976, the improved UR-100NUTTKh (NATO designation SS-19 Mod 3) version entered development with flight tests in the later half of the decade. The rocket's control system was developed at <a href="/facts/Khartron/lkMlhXkz">NPO "Electropribor"</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> (<a href="/facts/Kharkiv/25Gd4znl">Kharkiv</a>, <a href="/facts/Ukraine/Qof0uqAj">Ukraine</a>).
</p>
<h2 id="description">Description</h2>
<p>The UR-100N is a fourth-generation silo-launched liquid-propellant ICBM similar to the <a href="/facts/UR-100/3WpHtj8H">UR-100</a> but with much increased dimensions, mass, performance, and payload.  The missile was not designed to use existing UR-100 silos, and therefore had new silos constructed for it.
</p><p>The missile has a preparation time to start of 25 minutes, a storage period of 22 years, and 6 MIRVs.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a>
</p>
<h2 id="operational-history">Operational history</h2>
<p>The UR-100N reached initial operating capability in 1974, and by 1978 an inventory of 190 launchers were reached.  In 1979, the UR-100UTTKh became operational and by 1983 had replaced many older missiles and reached a maximum inventory of 360 launchers.  This had fallen to 300 by 1991, and with the dissolution of the Soviet Union, many in <a href="/facts/Ukraine/Qof0uqAj">Ukraine</a> became property of that nation.  170 remained in Russia, although treaty obligations required the rearming of the missiles with single warheads. As of 2018, the Strategic Missile Troops had 20 (or more likely just 10) UR-100NUTTKh in active service.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> Recent political developments have led to rearmament of the missiles with the <a href="/facts/Avangard_(hypersonic_glide_vehicle)/vCrkADBw"><i>Avangard</i></a> <a href="/facts/Hypersonic_glide_vehicle/ldxeJdsN">hypersonic glide vehicles</a> (HGVs) (NATO designation SS-19 Mod 4)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> On 27 December 2019, the first missile regiment armed with the <i>Avangard</i> HGV officially entered combat duty.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a>
</p><p>The units previously held by Ukraine have been <a href="/facts/Budapest_Memorandum_on_Security_Assurances/pYlLyc0k">returned to Russia</a> or decommissioned.
</p><p><a href="/facts/US_Air_Force/7MxWBYlc">US Air Force</a> <a href="/facts/National_Air_and_Space_Intelligence_Center/IszjEdvg">National Air and Space Intelligence Center</a> estimates that as of June 2017 about 50 Mod 3 launchers were operationally deployed.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a>
</p>
<h2 id="civil-application">Civil application</h2>
<p>The UR-100N forms the basis of the <a href="/facts/Rokot/xXx9Gzg7">Rokot</a> space <a href="/facts/Launch_system/g1GCGFJB">launch system</a>, which was used in several successful launches in the 1990s and early 2000s (decade), and one failed launch of the <a href="/facts/ESA/L8YRNV0C">ESA</a> <a href="/facts/CryoSat/kstLTY20">CryoSat</a> satellite in 2005. After the failure, Rokot launches were suspended. Once the cause was unambiguously identified and corrective measures implemented, Rokot returned to active service on 28 July 2006, with the successful launch of an earth observation satellite for South Korea.
</p>
<h2 id="start-i-treaty">START I treaty</h2>
<p>The START I treaty was signed by the Soviet Union in 1991.  The treaty required the Soviet Union to begin the process of dismantling nuclear warheads and the launchers used for UR-100N missiles.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a>  The Soviet Union had 300 100NUTTH missiles stationed in both Russia and Ukraine:  130 deployed in Ukraine, and the rest scattered around Russia.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> After the fall of the USSR, Ukraine claimed ownership of all the missiles locating in its territory. Ukraine then began dismantling launchers for the UR-100N missiles in compliance with the <a href="/facts/START_I/u3qBAJgl">START I treaty</a>. Nuclear warheads that were deployed in Ukraine were also dismantled following terms of the treaty.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a>
</p>
<h2 id="operators">Operators</h2>
 <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a>

<p>The <a href="/facts/Strategic_Missile_Troops/HMEx2wvU">Strategic Missile Troops</a> are the only operator of the UR-100N. As of May 2025,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> 12 <a href="/facts/Avangard_(hypersonic_glide_vehicle)/vCrkADBw">Avangard</a>-equipped UR-100N UTTHs are deployed with:
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/13th_Red_Banner_Rocket_Division/FKM1NXjF">13th Red Banner Rocket Division</a> at <a href="/facts/Yasny%2c_Orenburg_Oblast/nJpgqFub">Yasny</a>, <a href="/facts/Orenburg_Oblast/DNBAya6V">Orenburg Oblast</a></li></ul>
<h3>Former operators</h3>
 <a href="/facts/Soviet_Union/m7wWsPto">Soviet Union</a>
 <a href="/facts/Ukraine/Qof0uqAj">Ukraine</a>

<ul><li>The <a href="/facts/Armed_Forces_of_Ukraine/APFAIPAc">Armed Forces of Ukraine</a> inherited a number of missiles from the <a href="/facts/Soviet_Union/m7wWsPto">Soviet Union</a> and turned them over to Russia.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a></li></ul>
<p>After the <a href="/facts/Budapest_Memorandum/pYlLyc0k">Budapest Memorandum</a> was signed in 1994, the <a href="/facts/43rd_Rocket_Army/cWRf793T">43rd Rocket Army</a> shipped more than 1,326 warheads from its nuclear storage depots: 675 warheads in 1994, 477 in 1995 and 174 in 1996. On May 31, 1996, the final train left Ukraine for Russia laden with the last of
approximately 1,800 warheads, including more than 400
weapons from the <a href="/facts/46th_Air_Army/cRGG8AQJ">46th Bomber Army</a>."
</p>
<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Strategic_Missile_Troops/HMEx2wvU">Strategic Missile Troops</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/RS-24_Yars/pc7wI7uu">RS-24 Yars</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/RS-26_Rubezh/KfFuFAJY">RS-26 Rubezh</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/RS-28_Sarmat/FRuMckye">RS-28 Sarmat</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/R-36_(missile)/ga1aBeDt">R-36 (missile)</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/RT-2PM_Topol/mxB1Qwsq">RT-2PM Topol</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/RT-2PM2_Topol-M/Rnd1TMaC">RT-2PM2 Topol-M</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/LGM-30_Minuteman/sG0t20v1">LGM-30 Minuteman</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Agni-V/4kBd7ndp">Agni-V</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/DF-5/6DNNBznH">DF-5</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/DF-41/3Nxev20x">DF-41</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
<ul><li><a href="http://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/ss-19/">CSIS Missile Threat - SS-19 "Stiletto</a></li>
<li><a href="http://warfare.be/?catid=265&linkid=2310">Russian Military Analysis</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1"><p>"UR-100 (SS-19)". Missile Threat. <a href="https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/ss-19/" target="_blank">https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/ss-19/</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:2"><p>"Krivonosov, Khartron: Computers for rocket guidance systems". web.mit.edu. <a href="http://web.mit.edu/slava/space/essays/essay-krivonosov.htm" target="_blank">http://web.mit.edu/slava/space/essays/essay-krivonosov.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:3"><p>"Russian Ballistic Missiles, баллистические ракеты России". Archived from the original on 31 March 2013. Retrieved 14 September 2015. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130331080952/http://inbsite.com/missiles1.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20130331080952/http://inbsite.com/missiles1.html</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:4"><p>Kristensen, Hans M.; Norris, Robert S. (30 April 2018). "Russian nuclear forces, 2018". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 74 (3): 185–195. Bibcode:2018BuAtS..74c.185K. doi:10.1080/00963402.2018.1462912. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00963402.2018.1462912" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00963402.2018.1462912</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:5"><p>xavier. "Russia launched serial production of Avangard hypersonic missile - March 2018 Global Defense Security army news industry - Defense Security global news industry army 2018 - Archive News year". armyrecognition.com. <a href="http://armyrecognition.com/march_2018_global_defense_security_army_news_industry/russia_launched_serial_production_of_avangard_hypersonic_missile.html" target="_blank">http://armyrecognition.com/march_2018_global_defense_security_army_news_industry/russia_launched_serial_production_of_avangard_hypersonic_missile.html</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:6"><p>Kristensen, Hans M.; Norris, Robert S. (January 2015). "SAGE Journals: Your gateway to world-class journal research". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 71 (3): 84–97. doi:10.1177/0096340215581363. S2CID 145329451. <a href="http://bos.sagepub.com/content/early/2015/04/13/0096340215581363.full.pdf+html" target="_blank">http://bos.sagepub.com/content/early/2015/04/13/0096340215581363.full.pdf+html</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:7"><p>Первый ракетный полк "Авангарда" заступил на боевое дежурство [The first Avangard missile regiment took up combat duty]. TASS (in Russian). 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019. <a href="Первый ракетный полк "Авангарда" заступил на боевое дежурство" target="_blank">Первый ракетный полк "Авангарда" заступил на боевое дежурство</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:8"><p>"Ballistic and Cruise Missile Threat". Defense Intelligence Ballistic Missile Analysis Committee. 2017. <a href="https://www.nasic.af.mil/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=F2VLcKSmCTE%3d&portalid=19" target="_blank">https://www.nasic.af.mil/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=F2VLcKSmCTE%3d&portalid=19</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:9"><p>Goodby, James (1998). Europe undivided: the new logic of peace in U.S.-Russian relations. Washington D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press. p. 81. <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:10"><p>Pike, John. "UR-100N / SS-19 STILLETO". GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 27 April 2017. <a href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/russia/ur-100n.htm" target="_blank">http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/russia/ur-100n.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:11"><p>Podvig, Pavel (2004). Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces. MIT. p. 223. ISBN 9780262661812. <a href="9780262661812" target="_blank">9780262661812</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:12"><p>"Strategic Rocket Forces". russianforces.org. Retrieved 7 January 2020."ЦАМТО / Новости / РВСН получили на вооружение четыре ракетных комплекса "Авангард""."Russian nuclear trifecta modernization level highest in history, defense minister says"."Missile regiment near Orenburg being rearmed with Avangard system — Defense Ministry"."Avangard missiles put on combat duty in Russia's southern Urals". <a href="http://russianforces.org/missiles/" target="_blank">http://russianforces.org/missiles/</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:13"><p>"ЦАМТО / / В Оренбургской области завершены работы по перевооружению очередного полка соединения РВСН на РК «Авангард»". ЦАМТО / Центр анализа мировой торговли оружием (in Russian). 18 December 2023. Retrieved 30 May 2025. <a href="https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2023/1218/073577021/detail.shtml" target="_blank">https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2023/1218/073577021/detail.shtml</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:14"><p>Podvig, Pavel (28 May 2025). "New Avangard positions at Dombarovskiy". Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces. Retrieved 30 May 2025. <a href="https://russianforces.org/blog/2025/05/new_avangard_positions_at_domb.shtml" target="_blank">https://russianforces.org/blog/2025/05/new_avangard_positions_at_domb.shtml</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:15"><p>Podvig, Pavel (2001). Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces. Cambridge: The MIT Press. pp. 220–223. ISBN 9780262661812.{{cite book}}:  CS1 maint: publisher location (link) <a href="9780262661812" target="_blank">9780262661812</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
</ol>

UR-100N open-in-new

UR-100N