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<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <p class="note">See also: <a href="/facts/Kilowatt_hour/qvVkEmPH">Kilowatt hour § Other use</a></p> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2015 (PDF) (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2014. pp. 31–34. Retrieved 18 March 2025. <a href="https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2015.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2015.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2016 (PDF) (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2025. See pp. 27–28 for all-electric vehicles and pp. 30–31 for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The average 2016 vehicle gets 25 mpg <a href="https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2016.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2016.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2017 (PDF) (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2016. pp. 32–36. Retrieved 18 March 2025. <a href="https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2017.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2017.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2023 (PDF) (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2022. p. 11. Retrieved 18 March 2025. <a href="https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2023.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2023.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "Fueleconomy.gov's Top Fuel Sippers (EPA Ratings, All Years)". fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06. Excludes all-electric vehicles. Click on the tab "Top Fuel Sippers (EPA Ratings, All Years)" - The 2016 Volt has a combined fuel economy of 77 mpg-e. The BMW i3 REx has a combined fuel economy of 88 mpg-e, and ranks as the most efficient EPA-certified current year vehicle with a gasoline engine. <a href="/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" target="_blank">/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-18). "Compare Side-by-Side - 2015 Toyota Prius, 2016 Toyota Prius and 2016 Toyota Prius Eco". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-18. The average 2016 vehicle gets 25 mpg. <a href="/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" target="_blank">/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-08-14). "2016 Best and Worst Fuel Economy Vehicles - (excluding electric vehicles)". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-08-17. See the tab "Cars excl. EVs" – The Prius c is the most fuel efficient in the compact class and the conventional Prius is the most fuel efficient in the midsize class, and both rank ahead of the most fuel efficient in any other clars. <a href="/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" target="_blank">/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2016 (PDF) (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2025. See pp. 27–28 for all-electric vehicles and pp. 30–31 for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The average 2016 vehicle gets 25 mpg <a href="https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2016.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2016.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "Fueleconomy.gov's Top Fuel Sippers (EPA Ratings, All Years)". fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06. Excludes all-electric vehicles. Click on the tab "Top Fuel Sippers (EPA Ratings, All Years)" - The 2016 Volt has a combined fuel economy of 77 mpg-e. The BMW i3 REx has a combined fuel economy of 88 mpg-e, and ranks as the most efficient EPA-certified current year vehicle with a gasoline engine. <a href="/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" target="_blank">/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>United States Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy. "How Vehicles Are Tested". www.fueleconomy.gov. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" target="_blank">/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2015 (PDF) (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2014. pp. 31–34. Retrieved 18 March 2025. <a href="https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2015.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2015.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2016 (PDF) (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2025. See pp. 27–28 for all-electric vehicles and pp. 30–31 for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The average 2016 vehicle gets 25 mpg <a href="https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2016.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2016.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2017 (PDF) (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2016. pp. 32–36. Retrieved 18 March 2025. <a href="https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2017.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2017.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2023 (PDF) (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2022. p. 11. Retrieved 18 March 2025. <a href="https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2023.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2023.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2023 (PDF) (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2022. p. 11. Retrieved 18 March 2025. <a href="https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2023.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2023.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2023 (PDF) (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2022. p. 11. Retrieved 18 March 2025. <a href="https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2023.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2023.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2023 (PDF) (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2022. p. 11. Retrieved 18 March 2025. <a href="https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2023.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2023.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>"2020 Tesla Model 3 Standard Range Plus". www.fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-05. <a href="https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/Find.do?action=sbs&id=42278" target="_blank">https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/Find.do?action=sbs&id=42278</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2020-05-10). "2020 Model 3 SR+". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2020-05-10. <a href="/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" target="_blank">/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2017 (PDF) (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2016. pp. 32–36. Retrieved 18 March 2025. <a href="https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2017.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2017.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>United States Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2016-11-18). "Compare Side-by-Side: 2017 Hyundai Ioniq Electric". fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2016-11-19. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" target="_blank">/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>United States Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2016-09-29). "Compare Side-by-Side: 2015 BMW i3 REX, 2016 BMW i3 REX, 2017 BMW i3 REX (94 Amp-hour battery), and 2017 BMW i3 BEV (94 Amp-hour battery)". fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2016-09-30. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" target="_blank">/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>United States Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "Compare Side-by-Side: 2014 BMW i3 BEV". fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" target="_blank">/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:24"><p>U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "2013 Scion iQ EV". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06. <a href="/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" target="_blank">/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:25"><p>U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2020-05-10). "2020 Model 3 LR AWD". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2020-05-10. <a href="/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" target="_blank">/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:26"><p>Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, U.S. Department of Energy and U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and (2016-09-20). "Compare Side-by-Syde - 2017 Chevrolet Bolt". fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2016-09-20. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Energy" target="_blank">/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Energy</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:27"><p>U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "2014 Chvevrolet Spark EV". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06. <a href="/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" target="_blank">/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:28"><p>United States Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2016-09-29). "Compare Side-by-Side: 2015 BMW i3 REX, 2016 BMW i3 REX, 2017 BMW i3 REX (94 Amp-hour battery), and 2017 BMW i3 BEV (94 Amp-hour battery)". fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2016-09-30. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" target="_blank">/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:29"><p>U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "2013 Honda Fit EV". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06. <a href="/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" target="_blank">/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:30"><p>U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "2013 Fiat 500e". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06. <a href="/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" target="_blank">/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:31"><p>U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "2015 Volkswagen e-Golf". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" target="_blank">/wiki/U.S._Environmental_Protection_Agency</a> <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:32"><p>U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "Compare side by side: 2013 Nissan Leaf/2014 Nissan Leaf/2015 Nissan Leaf/2016 Nissan Leaf (24 kW-hr battery pack)/2016 Nissan Leaf (30 kW-hr battery pack)". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" target="_blank">/wiki/U.S._Environmental_Protection_Agency</a> <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:33"><p>U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "2011–12 Electric Vehicles- 2012 Mitsubishi i-MiEV". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" target="_blank">/wiki/U.S._Environmental_Protection_Agency</a> <a href="#fnref:33" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:34"><p>U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "Compare side by side: 2013 Nissan Leaf/2014 Nissan Leaf/2015 Nissan Leaf/2016 Nissan Leaf (24 kW-hr battery pack)/2016 Nissan Leaf (30 kW-hr battery pack)". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" target="_blank">/wiki/U.S._Environmental_Protection_Agency</a> <a href="#fnref:34" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:35"><p>U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "2016 Fiat 500e". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06. <a href="/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" target="_blank">/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency</a> <a href="#fnref:35" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:36"><p>U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "2013 smart fortwo electric drive coupe". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06. <a href="/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" target="_blank">/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency</a> <a href="#fnref:36" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:37"><p>U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "2015 Kia Soul Electric". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06. <a href="/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" target="_blank">/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency</a> <a href="#fnref:37" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:38"><p>U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "2012 Ford Focus BEV". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06. <a href="/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" target="_blank">/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency</a> <a href="#fnref:38" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:39"><p>Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2016 (PDF) (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2025. See pp. 27–28 for all-electric vehicles and pp. 30–31 for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The average 2016 vehicle gets 25 mpg <a href="https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2016.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2016.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:39" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:40"><p>U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "Compare Side-by-Side - 2015 Tesla Model S 60 kW-hr/AWD - 70D/AWD - 90D/AWD - P90D". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06. <a href="/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" target="_blank">/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency</a> <a href="#fnref:40" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:41"><p>Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2016 (PDF) (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2025. See pp. 27–28 for all-electric vehicles and pp. 30–31 for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The average 2016 vehicle gets 25 mpg <a href="https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2016.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2016.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:41" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:42"><p>U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "2015 Tesla Model S (85 kW-hr battery pack); 2014 Tesla Model S AWD (85 kW-hr battery pack); 2015 Tesla Model S AWD - 85D; and 2015 Tesla Model S AWD - P85D". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06. <a href="/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" target="_blank">/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency</a> <a href="#fnref:42" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:43"><p>Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2016 (PDF) (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2025. See pp. 27–28 for all-electric vehicles and pp. 30–31 for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The average 2016 vehicle gets 25 mpg <a href="https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2016.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2016.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:43" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:44"><p>U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "Compare Side-by-Side - 2015 Tesla Model S 60 kW-hr/AWD - 70D/AWD - 90D/AWD - P90D". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06. <a href="/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" target="_blank">/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency</a> <a href="#fnref:44" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:45"><p>Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2016 (PDF) (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2025. See pp. 27–28 for all-electric vehicles and pp. 30–31 for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The average 2016 vehicle gets 25 mpg <a href="https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2016.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2016.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:45" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:46"><p>U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "Compare Side-by-Side - 2015 Tesla Model S 60 kW-hr/AWD - 70D/AWD - 90D/AWD - P90D". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06. <a href="/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" target="_blank">/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency</a> <a href="#fnref:46" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:47"><p>Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2016 (PDF) (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2025. See pp. 27–28 for all-electric vehicles and pp. 30–31 for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The average 2016 vehicle gets 25 mpg <a href="https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2016.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2016.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:47" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:48"><p>U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "2015 Tesla Model S (85 kW-hr battery pack); 2014 Tesla Model S AWD (85 kW-hr battery pack); 2015 Tesla Model S AWD - 85D; and 2015 Tesla Model S AWD - P85D". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06. <a href="/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" target="_blank">/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency</a> <a href="#fnref:48" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:49"><p>Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2016 (PDF) (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2025. See pp. 27–28 for all-electric vehicles and pp. 30–31 for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The average 2016 vehicle gets 25 mpg <a href="https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2016.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2016.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:49" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:50"><p>U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "Compare Side-by-Side - 2015 Tesla Model S 60 kW-hr/AWD - 70D/AWD - 90D/AWD - P90D". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06. <a href="/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" target="_blank">/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency</a> <a href="#fnref:50" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:51"><p>U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "2016 Tesla Model X AWD - 90D and P90D". Retrieved 2015-12-06. <a href="/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" target="_blank">/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency</a> <a href="#fnref:51" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:52"><p>U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "2016 Tesla Model X AWD - 90D and P90D". Retrieved 2015-12-06. <a href="/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" target="_blank">/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency</a> <a href="#fnref:52" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:53"><p>U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "2012 Tesla Model S". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06. <a href="/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" target="_blank">/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency</a> <a href="#fnref:53" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:54"><p>U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "2014/2015/2016 Mercedes-Benz B-Class Electric Drive". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" target="_blank">/wiki/U.S._Environmental_Protection_Agency</a> <a href="#fnref:54" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:55"><p>U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "2012/2013/2014 Toyota RAV4 EV". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" target="_blank">/wiki/U.S._Environmental_Protection_Agency</a> <a href="#fnref:55" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:56"><p>Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2016 (PDF) (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2025. See pp. 27–28 for all-electric vehicles and pp. 30–31 for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The average 2016 vehicle gets 25 mpg <a href="https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2016.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2016.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:56" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:57"><p>U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "Compare Side-by-Side: 2012/13/14/15 BYD e6". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" target="_blank">/wiki/U.S._Environmental_Protection_Agency</a> <a href="#fnref:57" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:58"><p>Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2016 (PDF) (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2025. See pp. 27–28 for all-electric vehicles and pp. 30–31 for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The average 2016 vehicle gets 25 mpg <a href="https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2016.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2016.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:58" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:59"><p>U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "Compare Side-by-Side - 2016/2015 Chevrolet Volt". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" target="_blank">/wiki/U.S._Environmental_Protection_Agency</a> <a href="#fnref:59" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:60"><p>Eric Loveday (2015-09-01). "Detailed Look At 2016 Chevrolet Volt EPA Ratings". InsideEVs.com. Retrieved 2015-09-02. <a href="https://insideevs.com/detailed-look-2016-chevrolet-volt-epa-ratings/" target="_blank">https://insideevs.com/detailed-look-2016-chevrolet-volt-epa-ratings/</a> <a href="#fnref:60" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:61"><p>U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-18). "Compare Side-by-Side - 2015 Toyota Prius, 2016 Toyota Prius and 2016 Toyota Prius Eco". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-18. The average 2016 vehicle gets 25 mpg. <a href="/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" target="_blank">/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency</a> <a href="#fnref:61" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:62"><p>Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2016 (PDF) (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2025. See pp. 27–28 for all-electric vehicles and pp. 30–31 for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The average 2016 vehicle gets 25 mpg <a href="https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2016.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2016.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:62" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:63"><p>United States Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "Compare Side-by-Side: 2016 Ford Fusion AWD, 2016 Honda Accord, 2016 Toyota Camry, and 2016 Toyota RAV4 AWD". fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" target="_blank">/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency</a> <a href="#fnref:63" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:64"><p>U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "Fueleconomy.gov's Top Fuel Sippers (EPA Ratings, All Years)". fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06. Excludes all-electric vehicles. Click on the tab "Top Fuel Sippers (EPA Ratings, All Years)" - The 2016 Volt has a combined fuel economy of 77 mpg-e. The BMW i3 REx has a combined fuel economy of 88 mpg-e, and ranks as the most efficient EPA-certified current year vehicle with a gasoline engine. <a href="/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" target="_blank">/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency</a> <a href="#fnref:64" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:65"><p>U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2016-11-18). "Most Efficient EPA Certified Vehicles". fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2016-11-19. Current Model Year excludes all-electric vehicles. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" target="_blank">/wiki/U.S._Environmental_Protection_Agency</a> <a href="#fnref:65" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:66"><p>U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2016-11-18). "Most Efficient EPA Certified Vehicles". fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2016-11-19. Current Model Year excludes all-electric vehicles. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" target="_blank">/wiki/U.S._Environmental_Protection_Agency</a> <a href="#fnref:66" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:67"><p>United States Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2014-07-04). "Compare Side-by-Side: 2014 BMW i3 BEV & 2014 BMW i3 REx". fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2014-07-26. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" target="_blank">/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency</a> <a href="#fnref:67" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:68"><p>U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "Fueleconomy.gov's Top Fuel Sippers (EPA Ratings, All Years)". fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06. Excludes all-electric vehicles. Click on the tab "Top Fuel Sippers (EPA Ratings, All Years)" - The 2016 Volt has a combined fuel economy of 77 mpg-e. The BMW i3 REx has a combined fuel economy of 88 mpg-e, and ranks as the most efficient EPA-certified current year vehicle with a gasoline engine. <a href="/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" target="_blank">/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency</a> <a href="#fnref:68" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:69"><p>Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2016 (PDF) (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2025. See pp. 27–28 for all-electric vehicles and pp. 30–31 for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The average 2016 vehicle gets 25 mpg <a href="https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2016.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2016.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:69" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:70"><p>U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "Fueleconomy.gov's Top Fuel Sippers (EPA Ratings, All Years)". fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06. Excludes all-electric vehicles. Click on the tab "Top Fuel Sippers (EPA Ratings, All Years)" - The 2016 Volt has a combined fuel economy of 77 mpg-e. The BMW i3 REx has a combined fuel economy of 88 mpg-e, and ranks as the most efficient EPA-certified current year vehicle with a gasoline engine. <a href="/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" target="_blank">/wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency</a> <a href="#fnref:70" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:71"><p>Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2016 (PDF) (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2025. See pp. 27–28 for all-electric vehicles and pp. 30–31 for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The average 2016 vehicle gets 25 mpg <a href="https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2016.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2016.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:71" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:72"><p>United States Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "Compare Side-by-Side: 2016 Ford Fusion AWD, 2016 Honda Accord, 2016 Toyota Camry, and 2016 Toyota RAV4 AWD". fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" target="_blank">/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency</a> <a href="#fnref:72" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:73"><p>(de) Electricity consumption - electric cars <a href="https://www.adac.de/rund-ums-fahrzeug/tests/elektromobilitaet/stromverbrauch-elektroautos-adac-test/" target="_blank">https://www.adac.de/rund-ums-fahrzeug/tests/elektromobilitaet/stromverbrauch-elektroautos-adac-test/</a> <a href="#fnref:73" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>