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Electric car EPA fuel economy
Overview about the electric car EPA fuel economy

The following table compares official EPA ratings for fuel economy (in miles per gallon gasoline equivalent, mpg-e or MPGe, for plug-in electric vehicles) for series production all-electric passenger vehicles rated by the EPA for model years 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2023 versus the model year 2016 vehicles that were rated the most efficient by the EPA with plug-in hybrid drivetrains (Chevrolet Volt – second generation), gasoline-electric hybrid drivetrains (Toyota Prius Eco - fourth generation), and the average new vehicle for that model year, which has a fuel economy of 25 mpg‑US (9.4 L/100 km; 30 mpg‑imp).

EPA rating data are taken from manufacturer testing of their own vehicles using a series of tests specified by federal law. Manufacturers usually conduct the tests using pre-production prototypes. Manufacturers report the results to EPA. The EPA then reviews the results and selects about 15%–20% of them to confirm through their own tests at the National Vehicles and Fuel Emissions Laboratory.

Comparison of top fuel efficient battery-electric vehicles versus most efficient fossil fuel vehicles (including hybrid-electric vehicles)(Fuel economy as displayed in the Monroney label)
VehicleModelyearEPA rated fuel economyNotes
CombinedCityHighway
Toyota Prius HEV202357 mpg57 mpg56 mpg(9)
Hyundai Ioniq 6 Long Range RWD w/ 18-inch wheels2023140 mpg‑e24.1 kWh/100 mi; 15.0 kWh/100 km153 mpg‑e22.0 kWh/100 mi; 13.7 kWh/100 km127 mpg‑e26.5 kWh/100 mi; 16.5 kWh/100 km(1)
Lucid Air Pure AWD w/ 19-inch wheels2023140 mpg‑e24.1 kWh/100 mi; 15.0 kWh/100 km141 mpg‑e23.9 kWh/100 mi; 14.9 kWh/100 km140 mpg‑e24.1 kWh/100 mi; 15.0 kWh/100 km(1)
Tesla Model Y AWD2023123 mpg‑e27.4 kWh/100 mi; 17.0 kWh/100 km129 mpg‑e26.1 kWh/100 mi; 16.2 kWh/100 km116 mpg‑e29.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.1 kWh/100 km(1)
Tesla Model 3 Standard Range2020141 mpg‑e23.9 kWh/100 mi; 14.9 kWh/100 km148 mpg‑e22.8 kWh/100 mi; 14.2 kWh/100 km132 mpg‑e25.5 kWh/100 mi; 15.9 kWh/100 km(1)
Hyundai Ioniq Electric2017136 mpg‑e24.8 kWh/100 mi; 15.4 kWh/100 km150 mpg‑e22.5 kWh/100 mi; 14.0 kWh/100 km122 mpg‑e27.6 kWh/100 mi; 17.2 kWh/100 km(1) (4)
BMW i3 (60 A·h)2014/15/16124 mpg‑e27.2 kWh/100 mi; 16.9 kWh/100 km137 mpg‑e24.6 kWh/100 mi; 15.3 kWh/100 km111 mpg‑e30.4 kWh/100 mi; 18.9 kWh/100 km(1) (3) (4) (5)
Scion iQ EV2013121 mpg‑e27.9 kWh/100 mi; 17.3 kWh/100 km138 mpg‑e24.4 kWh/100 mi; 15.2 kWh/100 km105 mpg‑e32.1 kWh/100 mi; 19.9 kWh/100 km(1)
Tesla Model 3 Long Range AWD2020121 mpg‑e27.9 kWh/100 mi; 17.3 kWh/100 km124 mpg‑e27.2 kWh/100 mi; 16.9 kWh/100 km116 mpg‑e29.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.1 kWh/100 km(1)
Chevrolet Bolt EV2017119 mpg‑e28.3 kWh/100 mi; 17.6 kWh/100 km121 mpg‑e27.9 kWh/100 mi; 17.3 kWh/100 km110 mpg‑e30.6 kWh/100 mi; 19.0 kWh/100 km
Chevrolet Spark EV2014/15/16119 mpg‑e28.3 kWh/100 mi; 17.6 kWh/100 km128 mpg‑e26.3 kWh/100 mi; 16.4 kWh/100 km109 mpg‑e30.9 kWh/100 mi; 19.2 kWh/100 km(1)
BMW i3 (94 A·h)2017118 mpg‑e28.6 kWh/100 mi; 17.7 kWh/100 km129 mpg‑e26.1 kWh/100 mi; 16.2 kWh/100 km106 mpg‑e31.8 kWh/100 mi; 19.8 kWh/100 km(1)
Honda Fit EV2013/14118 mpg‑e28.6 kWh/100 mi; 17.7 kWh/100 km132 mpg‑e25.5 kWh/100 mi; 15.9 kWh/100 km105 mpg‑e32.1 kWh/100 mi; 19.9 kWh/100 km(1)
Fiat 500e2013/14/15116 mpg‑e29.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.1 kWh/100 km122 mpg‑e27.6 kWh/100 mi; 17.2 kWh/100 km108 mpg‑e31.2 kWh/100 mi; 19.4 kWh/100 km(1)
Volkswagen e-Golf2015/16116 mpg‑e29.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.1 kWh/100 km126 mpg‑e26.8 kWh/100 mi; 16.6 kWh/100 km105 mpg‑e32.1 kWh/100 mi; 19.9 kWh/100 km(1)
Nissan Leaf (24 kW-h)2013/14/15/16114 mpg‑e29.6 kWh/100 mi; 18.4 kWh/100 km126 mpg‑e26.8 kWh/100 mi; 16.6 kWh/100 km101 mpg‑e33.4 kWh/100 mi; 20.7 kWh/100 km(1) (6)
Mitsubishi i2012/13/14/16112 mpg‑e30.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.7 kWh/100 km126 mpg‑e26.8 kWh/100 mi; 16.6 kWh/100 km99 mpg‑e34.0 kWh/100 mi; 21.2 kWh/100 km(1)
Nissan Leaf (30 kW-h)2016112 mpg‑e30.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.7 kWh/100 km124 mpg‑e27.2 kWh/100 mi; 16.9 kWh/100 km101 mpg‑e33.4 kWh/100 mi; 20.7 kWh/100 km(1)
Fiat 500e2016112 mpg‑e30.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.7 kWh/100 km121 mpg‑e27.9 kWh/100 mi; 17.3 kWh/100 km103 mpg‑e32.7 kWh/100 mi; 20.3 kWh/100 km(1)
Smart electric drive2013/14/15/16107 mpg‑e31.5 kWh/100 mi; 19.6 kWh/100 km122 mpg‑e27.6 kWh/100 mi; 17.2 kWh/100 km93 mpg‑e36.2 kWh/100 mi; 22.5 kWh/100 km(1) (7)
Kia Soul EV2015/16105 mpg‑e32.1 kWh/100 mi; 19.9 kWh/100 km120 mpg‑e28.1 kWh/100 mi; 17.5 kWh/100 km92 mpg‑e36.6 kWh/100 mi; 22.8 kWh/100 km(1)
Ford Focus Electric2012/13/14/15/16105 mpg‑e32.1 kWh/100 mi; 19.9 kWh/100 km110 mpg‑e30.6 kWh/100 mi; 19.0 kWh/100 km99 mpg‑e34.0 kWh/100 mi; 21.2 kWh/100 km(1)
Tesla Model S AWD - 70D2015/16101 mpg‑e33.4 kWh/100 mi; 20.7 kWh/100 km101 mpg‑e33.4 kWh/100 mi; 20.7 kWh/100 km102 mpg‑e33.0 kWh/100 mi; 20.5 kWh/100 km(1)
Tesla Model S AWD - 85D & 90D2015/16100 mpg‑e33.7 kWh/100 mi; 20.9 kWh/100 km95 mpg‑e35.5 kWh/100 mi; 22.0 kWh/100 km106 mpg‑e31.8 kWh/100 mi; 19.8 kWh/100 km(1) (8)
Tesla Model S (60 kW·h)2014/15/1695 mpg‑e35.5 kWh/100 mi; 22.0 kWh/100 km94 mpg‑e35.9 kWh/100 mi; 22.3 kWh/100 km97 mpg‑e34.7 kWh/100 mi; 21.6 kWh/100 km(1)
Tesla Model S AWD - P85D & P90D2015/1693 mpg‑e36.2 kWh/100 mi; 22.5 kWh/100 km89 mpg‑e37.9 kWh/100 mi; 23.5 kWh/100 km98 mpg‑e34.4 kWh/100 mi; 21.4 kWh/100 km(1) (8)
Tesla Model X AWD – 90D201692 mpg‑e36.6 kWh/100 mi; 22.8 kWh/100 km90 mpg‑e37.5 kWh/100 mi; 23.3 kWh/100 km94 mpg‑e35.9 kWh/100 mi; 22.3 kWh/100 km(1)
Tesla Model X AWD – P90D201689 mpg‑e37.9 kWh/100 mi; 23.5 kWh/100 km89 mpg‑e37.9 kWh/100 mi; 23.5 kWh/100 km90 mpg‑e37.5 kWh/100 mi; 23.3 kWh/100 km(1)
Tesla Model S (85 kW·h)2012/13/14/1589 mpg‑e37.9 kWh/100 mi; 23.5 kWh/100 km88 mpg‑e38.3 kWh/100 mi; 23.8 kWh/100 km90 mpg‑e37.5 kWh/100 mi; 23.3 kWh/100 km(1)
Mercedes-Benz B-Class Electric Drive2014/15/1684 mpg‑e40.1 kWh/100 mi; 24.9 kWh/100 km85 mpg‑e39.7 kWh/100 mi; 24.6 kWh/100 km83 mpg‑e40.6 kWh/100 mi; 25.2 kWh/100 km(1)
Toyota RAV4 EV2012/13/1476 mpg‑e44.3 kWh/100 mi; 27.6 kWh/100 km78 mpg‑e43.2 kWh/100 mi; 26.9 kWh/100 km74 mpg‑e45.5 kWh/100 mi; 28.3 kWh/100 km(1)
BYD e62012/13/14/15/1663 mpg‑e53.5 kWh/100 mi; 33.2 kWh/100 km61 mpg‑e55.3 kWh/100 mi; 34.3 kWh/100 km65 mpg‑e51.9 kWh/100 mi; 32.2 kWh/100 km(1)
Second gen Chevrolet VoltPlug-in hybrid (PHEV) Electricity only2016106 mpg‑e31.8 kWh/100 mi; 19.8 kWh/100 km113 mpg‑e29.8 kWh/100 mi; 18.5 kWh/100 km99 mpg‑e34.0 kWh/100 mi; 21.2 kWh/100 km(1) (2) (9)
Volt, Gasoline only42 mpg43 mpg42 mpg
Toyota Prius Eco (4th gen) Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) Gasoline-electric hybrid201656 mpg58 mpg53 mpg(2) (10)
Ford Fusion AWD A-S6 2.0LGasoline-powered(Average new vehicle)201625 mpg22 mpg31 mpg(2) (11)
Notes: All estimated fuel economy based on 15,000 miles (24,000 km) annual driving, 45% highway and 55% city

(1) Conversion 1 gallon of gasoline=33.7 kW·h.(2) The 2014 i3 REx is classified by EPA as a series plug-in hybrid, while for CARB is a range-extended battery-electric vehicle (BEVx). The i3 REx is the most fuel economic EPA-certified current year vehicle with a gasoline engine with a combined gasoline/electricity rating of 88 mpg-e, but its total range is limited to 150 mi (240 km).(3) The 2014/16 BMW i3 (60 A·h) ranked as the most fuel economic EPA-certified vehicle of all fuel types considered in all years until MY 2016. It was surpassed by the 2017 Hyundai Ioniq Electric in November 2016.(4) The i3 REx has a combined fuel economy in all-electric mode of 117 mpg-e (29 kW·h/100 mi; 18 kW⋅h/100 km).(5) The 2016 model year Leaf correspond to the variant with the 24 kW·h battery pack.(6) Ratings correspond to both convertible and coupe models.(7) Model with 85 kW·h battery pack(8) Most fuel economic plug-in hybrid capable of long distance travel. The 2016 Volt has a rating of 77 mpg-e for combined gasoline/electricity operation.(9) Most fuel economic hybrid electric car.(10) Other 2016 MY cars achieving 25 mpg‑US (9.4 L/100 km; 30 mpg‑imp) combined city/hwy include the Honda Accord A-S6 3.5L, Toyota Camry A-S6 3.5L and Toyota RAV4 A-S6 2.5L.

ADAC also carried out consumption measurements.

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See also

See also: Kilowatt hour § Other use

References

  1. Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2015 (PDF) (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2014. pp. 31–34. Retrieved 18 March 2025. https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2015.pdf ↩

  2. Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2016 (PDF) (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2025. See pp. 27–28 for all-electric vehicles and pp. 30–31 for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The average 2016 vehicle gets 25 mpg https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2016.pdf ↩

  3. Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2017 (PDF) (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2016. pp. 32–36. Retrieved 18 March 2025. https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2017.pdf ↩

  4. Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2023 (PDF) (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2022. p. 11. Retrieved 18 March 2025. https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2023.pdf ↩

  5. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "Fueleconomy.gov's Top Fuel Sippers (EPA Ratings, All Years)". fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06. Excludes all-electric vehicles. Click on the tab "Top Fuel Sippers (EPA Ratings, All Years)" - The 2016 Volt has a combined fuel economy of 77 mpg-e. The BMW i3 REx has a combined fuel economy of 88 mpg-e, and ranks as the most efficient EPA-certified current year vehicle with a gasoline engine. /wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency ↩

  6. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-18). "Compare Side-by-Side - 2015 Toyota Prius, 2016 Toyota Prius and 2016 Toyota Prius Eco". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-18. The average 2016 vehicle gets 25 mpg. /wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency ↩

  7. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-08-14). "2016 Best and Worst Fuel Economy Vehicles - (excluding electric vehicles)". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-08-17. See the tab "Cars excl. EVs" – The Prius c is the most fuel efficient in the compact class and the conventional Prius is the most fuel efficient in the midsize class, and both rank ahead of the most fuel efficient in any other clars. /wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency ↩

  8. Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2016 (PDF) (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2025. See pp. 27–28 for all-electric vehicles and pp. 30–31 for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The average 2016 vehicle gets 25 mpg https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2016.pdf ↩

  9. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "Fueleconomy.gov's Top Fuel Sippers (EPA Ratings, All Years)". fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06. Excludes all-electric vehicles. Click on the tab "Top Fuel Sippers (EPA Ratings, All Years)" - The 2016 Volt has a combined fuel economy of 77 mpg-e. The BMW i3 REx has a combined fuel economy of 88 mpg-e, and ranks as the most efficient EPA-certified current year vehicle with a gasoline engine. /wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency ↩

  10. United States Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy. "How Vehicles Are Tested". www.fueleconomy.gov. /wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency ↩

  11. Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2015 (PDF) (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2014. pp. 31–34. Retrieved 18 March 2025. https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2015.pdf ↩

  12. Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2016 (PDF) (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2025. See pp. 27–28 for all-electric vehicles and pp. 30–31 for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The average 2016 vehicle gets 25 mpg https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2016.pdf ↩

  13. Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2017 (PDF) (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2016. pp. 32–36. Retrieved 18 March 2025. https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2017.pdf ↩

  14. Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2023 (PDF) (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2022. p. 11. Retrieved 18 March 2025. https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2023.pdf ↩

  15. Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2023 (PDF) (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2022. p. 11. Retrieved 18 March 2025. https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2023.pdf ↩

  16. Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2023 (PDF) (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2022. p. 11. Retrieved 18 March 2025. https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2023.pdf ↩

  17. Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2023 (PDF) (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2022. p. 11. Retrieved 18 March 2025. https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2023.pdf ↩

  18. "2020 Tesla Model 3 Standard Range Plus". www.fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-05. https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/Find.do?action=sbs&id=42278 ↩

  19. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2020-05-10). "2020 Model 3 SR+". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2020-05-10. /wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency ↩

  20. Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2017 (PDF) (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2016. pp. 32–36. Retrieved 18 March 2025. https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2017.pdf ↩

  21. United States Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2016-11-18). "Compare Side-by-Side: 2017 Hyundai Ioniq Electric". fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2016-11-19. /wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency ↩

  22. United States Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2016-09-29). "Compare Side-by-Side: 2015 BMW i3 REX, 2016 BMW i3 REX, 2017 BMW i3 REX (94 Amp-hour battery), and 2017 BMW i3 BEV (94 Amp-hour battery)". fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2016-09-30. /wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency ↩

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  25. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2020-05-10). "2020 Model 3 LR AWD". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2020-05-10. /wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency ↩

  26. Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, U.S. Department of Energy and U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and (2016-09-20). "Compare Side-by-Syde - 2017 Chevrolet Bolt". fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2016-09-20. /wiki/U.S._Department_of_Energy ↩

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  39. Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2016 (PDF) (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2025. See pp. 27–28 for all-electric vehicles and pp. 30–31 for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The average 2016 vehicle gets 25 mpg https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2016.pdf ↩

  40. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy (2015-12-04). "Compare Side-by-Side - 2015 Tesla Model S 60 kW-hr/AWD - 70D/AWD - 90D/AWD - P90D". Fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-06. /wiki/U._S._Environmental_Protection_Agency ↩

  41. Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2016 (PDF) (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2025. See pp. 27–28 for all-electric vehicles and pp. 30–31 for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The average 2016 vehicle gets 25 mpg https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2016.pdf ↩

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  43. Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2016 (PDF) (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2025. See pp. 27–28 for all-electric vehicles and pp. 30–31 for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The average 2016 vehicle gets 25 mpg https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2016.pdf ↩

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  45. Fuel Economy Guide, Model Year 2016 (PDF) (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2025. See pp. 27–28 for all-electric vehicles and pp. 30–31 for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The average 2016 vehicle gets 25 mpg https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/pdfs/guides/FEG2016.pdf ↩

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